Recent applications for HPLC-MS analysis of anthocyanins in food materials

Current Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 397-416

  Sun, Jianghao ^a   Lin, Longze ^a   Chen, Pei ^a  

^a BELTSVILLE HUMAN NUTRITION RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Anthocyanins; Detection; HPLC; HPLC MS; HRMS; Separation; UHPLC

Indexed keywords

ANTHOCYANINS; HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY;

DETECTION; FOOD MATERIALS; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRIES; HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HRMS; IN-VITRO; MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS; POLYPHENOLS; PROPERTY; ULTRA-HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIES;

HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY;

EID: 84878635149     PISSN: 15734110     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1573411011309030009     Document Type: Review

References (205)

1. Andersen, O.M.; Jordheim, M.; Andersen O.; Markham, K.; Flavonoids. Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications, CRC Press, Boca Ratón (2006).
2. Mazza G., Miniati E., "Anthocyanins in Fruits, Vegetables and Grains", CRC Press (1993).
3. He, J.; Giusti, M.M. Anthocyanins: natural colorants with healthpromoting properties. Annual review of food science and technology. 2010, 1, 163-87.
4. Crozier, A.; Jaganath, I. B.; Clifford, M. N. Dietary phenolics: chemistry, bioavailability and effects on health. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2009, 26(8), 1001-43.
5. Prior, R.L.; Wu, X. Anthocyanins: structural characteristics that result in unique metabolic patterns and biological activities. Free Radic Res. 2006, 40(10), 1014-28.
6. Kong, J. M.; Chia, L.S.; Goh, N.K.; Chia, T.F.; Brouillard, R. Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins. Phytochemistry. 2003, 64(5), 923-33.
7. Ghosh, D.; Konishi, T. Anthocyanins and anthocyanin-rich extracts: role in diabetes and eye function. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007, 16(2), 200-8.
8. Cote, J.; Caillet, S.; Doyon, G.; Sylvain, J.F.; Lacroix, M. Bioactive compounds in cranberries and their biological properties. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 2010, 50(7), 666-79.
9. Howell, A.B. Cranberry proanthocyanidins and the maintenance of urinary tract health. Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. 2002, 42(3 Suppl), 273-8.
10. Singletary, K.W.; Jung, K.J.; Giusti, M. Anthocyanin-rich grape extract blocks breast cell DNA damage. J. Med. Food. 2007, 10(2), 244-51.
11. Liu, H.L.; Jiang, W.B.; Xie, M.X. Flavonoids: recent advances as anticancer drugs. Recent patents on anti-cancer drug discovery. 2010, 5(2), 152-64.
12. Bishayee, A.; Haznagy-Radnai, E.; Mbimba, T.; Sipos, P.; Morazzoni, P.; Darvesh A.S. et al. Anthocyanin-rich black currant extract suppresses the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Nat. Prod. Commun. 2010, 5(10), 1613-8.
13. Shin, D.Y.; Lu, J.N.; Kim, G.Y.; Jung, J.M.; Kang, H.S.; Lee, W.S. et al. Anti-invasive activities of anthocyanins through modulation of tight junctions and suppression of matrix metalloproteinase activities in HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2011, 25(2), 567-72.
14. Prasad, S.; Phromnoi, K.; Yadav, V.R.; Chaturvedi M. M., Aggarwal B. B. Targeting inflammatory pathways by flavonoids for prevention and treatment of cancer. Planta. Med. 2010, 76(11), 1044-63.
15. Chen, G.; Luo, J. Anthocyanins: are they beneficial in treating ethanol neurotoxicity? Neurotoxicity research. 2010, 17(1), 91-101.
16. Williams, C.A.; Grayer, R.J. Anthocyanins and other flavonoids. Nat. Prod. Rep., 2004, 21(4), 539-73.
17. Veitch, N.C.; Grayer, R.E.J. Flavonoids and their glycosides, including anthocyanins. Nat. Prod. Reports. 2008, 25(3), 555-611.
18. Veitch, N.C.; Grayer, R.J. Flavonoids and their glycosides, including anthocyanins. Nat. Prod. Reports., 2011, 28(10), 1626-95.
19. Di, P-N. R.D.; Sanchez-Sanchez, J.; Gonzalez-Paramas, A.M.; Rivas-Gonzalo, J.C. Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of anthocyanin composition of dark blue bee pollen from Echium plantagineum. J. Chromatogr, A. 2004, 1054, 205-10.
20. Mazza, G.; Cacace. J. E.; Kay, C.D. Methods of analysis for anthocyanins in plants and biological fluids. J. AOAC Int. 2004, 87, 129-45.
21. Stobiecki, M.; Matysiak-Kata, I.; Franski, R.; Skala, J.; Szopa, J. Monitoring changes in anthocyanin and steroid alkaloid glycoside content in lines of transgenic potato plants using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Phytochem. (Elsevier). 2003, 62, 959-69.
22. Tolonen, A.; Uusitalo, J. Fast screening method for the analysis of total flavonoid content in plants and foodstuffs by highperformance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization timeof-flight mass spectrometry with polarity switching. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2004, 18, 3113-22.
23. Cooke, D.N.; Thomasset, S.; Boocock, D.J.; Schwarz, M.; Winterhalter, P.; Steward, W.P. et al. Development of Analyses by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtilus) Anthocyanins in Human Plasma and Urine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 7009-13.
24. Giordano, L.; Coletta, W.; Rapisarda, P.; Donati, M.B.; Rotilio, D. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS analysis for simultaneous determination of delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-(6-malonylglucoside) in human plasma and urine after blood orange juice administration. J. Sep. Sci. 2007, 30, 3127-36.
25. Nakamura, Y.; Matsumoto, H.; Morifuji, M.; Iida, H.; Takeuchi Y. Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Determination of Four Anthocyanins in Human Plasma after Black Currant Anthocyanins Ingestion. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 1174-9.
26. Cai, H.; Marczylo, T.H.; Teller, N.; Brown, K.; Steward, W.P.; Marko, D. et al. Anthocyanin-rich red grape extract impedes adenoma development in the ApcMin mouse: Pharmacodynamic changes and anthocyanin levels in the murine biophase. Eur. J. Cancer. 2010, 46, 811-7.
27. Cooney, J.M.; Jensen, D.J.; McGhie, T. K. LC-MS identification of anthocyanins in boysenberry extract and anthocyanin metabolites in human urine following dosing. J. Sci. Food Agric. 2004, 84, 237-45.
28. Alcalde-Eon, C.; Escribano-Bailon, M.T.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Rivas-Gonzalo, J.C. Identification of dimeric anthocyanins and new oligomeric pigments in red wine by means of HPLC-DADESI/ MSn. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 42, 735-48.
29. Asenstorfer, R.E.; Hayasaka, Y.; Jones, G.P. Isolation and structures of oligomeric wine pigments by bisulfite-mediated ionexchange chromatography. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 5957-63.(Copyright (C) 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.).
30. Bejaoui-Kefi, B.; Sabbah, S.; Murkovic, M.; Dachraoui, M.; Pfannhauser, W. Red wines anthocyanins analyses by HPLC using different detection modes. Ernaehrung (Vienna, Austria). 2003, 27, 197-207.
31. Carpentieri, A.; Marino, G.; Amoresano, A. Rapid fingerprinting of red wines by MALDI mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal. Chem., 2007, 389, 969-82.
32. Cooper, H.J.; Marshall, A.G. Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Wine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2001, 49, 5710-8.
33. de FVAP, M. N. Structural changes of anthocyanins during red wine aging: Portisins: A new class of blue anthocyanin-derived pigments. ACS Symp Ser., 2004, 886, 160-78.
34. de, V.A.; Cabooter, D.; Lynen, F.; Desmet, G.; Sandra, P. Highefficiency high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of red wine anthocyanins. J. Chromatogr, A. 2011, 1218, 4660-70.
35. de, V.A.; Vanhoenacker, G.; Majek, P.; Sandra, P. Determination of anthocyanins in wine by direct injection liquid chromatographydiode array detection-mass spectrometry and classification of wines using discriminant analysis. J Chromatogr, A. 2004, 1054, 195-204.
36. Dugo, P.; Favoino, O.; Lo, P.M.; Luppino, R.; Dugo, G.; Mondello, L. Determination of anthocyanins and related components in red wines by micro-and capillary HPLC. J. Sep. Sci. 2004, 27, 1458-66.
37. Flamini, R. Mass spectrometry in grape and wine chemistry. Part I: polyphenols. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2003, 22, 218-50.
38. Flamini, R. Some advances in the knowledge of grape, wine and distillates chemistry as achieved by mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 40, 705-13.
39. Garcia-Beneytez, E.; Cabello, F.; Revilla, E. Analysis of Grape and Wine Anthocyanins by HPLC-MS. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51, 5622-9.
40. Gomez-Ariza, J. L.; Garcia-Barrera, T.; Lorenzo F. Anthocyanins profile as fingerprint of wines using atmospheric pressure photoionization coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal. Chim. Acta. 2006, 570, 101-8.
41. Guasch-Jane, M.R.; Ibern-Gomez, M.; Andres-Lacueva, C.; Jauregui, O.; Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry in Tandem Mode Applied for the Identification of Wine Markers in Residues from Ancient Egyptian Vessels. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 1672-7.
42. Hartmanova, L.; Ranc, V.; Papouskova, B.; Bednar, P.; Havlicek, V.; Lemr, K. Fast profiling of anthocyanins in wine by desorption nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr., A. 2010, 1217, 4223-8.
43. Hayasaka, Y.; Asenstorfer, R.E. Screening for Potential Pigments Derived from Anthocyanins in Red Wine Using Nano-electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 756-61.
44. Hayasaka, Y.; Kennedy, J.A. Mass spectrometric evidence for the formation of pigmented polymers in red wine. Aust J Grape Wine Res. 2003, 9, 210-20.
45. He, J.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Silva, A.M.S.; Mateus, N.; de, F.V. Isolation and Structural Characterization of New Anthocyanin-Derived Yellow Pigments in Aged Red Wines. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2006, 54, 9598-603.
46. Kelebek, H.; Canbas, A.; Selli, S. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of anthocyanins in rose wine made from cv. Okuzgozu grapes, and effect of maceration time on anthocyanin content. Chromatographia. 2007, 66, 207-12.
47. Kosir, I. J.; Lapornik, B.; Andrensek, S.; Wondra, A.G.; Vrhovsek, U.; Kidric, J. Identification of anthocyanins in wines by liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. Anal Chim Acta. 2004, 513, 277-82.
48. Li, Z.; Pan, Q.; Cui, X.; Duan, C. Optimization on anthocyanins extraction from wine grape skins using orthogonal test design. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 2010, 19, 1047-53.
49. Mateus, N.; Carvalho, E.; Carvalho, A.R.F.; Melo, A.; Gonzalez-Paramas, A.M.; Santos-Buelga C. et al. Isolation and Structural Characterization of New Acylated Anthocyanin-Vinyl-Flavanol Pigments Occurring in Aging Red Wines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 51, 277-82.
50. Mateus, N.; Silva, A.M.S.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Rivas-Gonzalo, J.C.; de, F.V. Identification of anthocyanin-flavanol pigments in red wines by NMR and mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50(Copyright (C) 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.), 2110-6.
51. Mateus, N.; Silva, A.M.S.; Vercauteren, J.; de, F.V. Occurrence of Anthocyanin-Derived Pigments in Red Wines. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 4836-40.
52. McDougall, G.J.; Fyffe, S.; Dobson, P.; Stewart, D. Anthocyanins from red wine-their stability under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Phytochem., 2005, 66, 2540-8. (Copyright (C) 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.).
53. Mulinacci, N.; Santamaria, A.R.; Giaccherini, C.; Innocenti, M.; Valletta, A.; Ciolfi G. et al. Anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols from grapes and wines of Vitis vinifera cv. Cesanese d'Affile. Nat. Prod. Res. 2008, 22, 1033-9.
54. Papouskova, B.; Bednar, P.; Hron, K.; Stavek, J.; Balik, J.; Myjavcova R. et al. Advanced liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry profiling of anthocyanins in relation to set of red wine varieties certified in Czech Republic. J. Chromatogr. A., 2011, 1218, 7581-91.
55. Pati, S.; Arace, E.; La, N.E.; Palmisano, F. Identification of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-derived pigments in Primitivo red wine by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Acta. Hortic., 2007, 754, 593-7.
56. Pati, S.; Losito, I.; Gambacorta, G.; La, N.E.; Palmisano, F.; Zambonin, P.G. Simultaneous separation and identification of oligomeric procyanidins and anthocyanin-derived pigments in raw red wine by HPLC-UV-ESI-MSn. J. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 41, 861-71.
57. Schmitzer, V.; Veberic, R.; Slatnar, A.; Stampar, F. Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) Wine: A Product Rich in Health Promoting Compounds. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 10143-6.
58. Sun, B.; Fernandes, T.A.; Spranger, M.I. A new class of anthocyanin-procyanidin condensation products detected in red wine by electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry analysis. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2010, 24, 254-60.
59. Vivar-Quintana, A.M.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Rivas-Gonzalo, J.C. Anthocyanin-derived pigments and color of red wines. Anal. Chim. Acta., 2002, 458, 147-55.
60. Fanali, C.; Dugo, L.; D'Orazio, G.; Lirangi, M.; Dacha, M.; Dugo, P. et al. Analysis of anthocyanins in commercial fruit juices by using nano-liquid chromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV-vis detector. J. Sep. Sci., 2011, 34, 150-9.
61. Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Morabito, D.; Dugo, G. Characterization of the Anthocyanin Fraction of Sicilian Blood Orange Juice by Micro-HPLC-ESI/MS. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 1173-6.
62. Krueger, C.G.; Vestling, M.M.; Reed, J.D. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of anthocyanin-polyflavan-3-ol oligomers in cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ait.) and spray-dried cranberry juice. ACS. Symp. Ser., 2004, 886, 232-46.
63. Sentandreu, E.; Navarro, J.L.; Sendra, J. M. LC-DAD-ESI/MSn Determination of Direct Condensation Flavanol-Anthocyanin Adducts in Pressure Extracted Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Juice. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 10560-7.
64. Wang, H.; Race, E.J.; Shrikhande, A.J. Characterization of Anthocyanins in Grape Juices by Ion Trap Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51, 1839-44.
65. Nagy, K.; Redeuil, K.; Bertholet, R.; Steiling, H.; Kussmann, M. Quantification of Anthocyanins and Flavonols in Milk-Based Food Products by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem., 2009, 81, 6347-56. (Washington, DC, U S)
66. Thompson, J.W.; Mellors, J.S.; Eschelbach, J.W.; Jorgenson, J.W. Recent advances in ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography. LCGC North Am. 2006, 24, 16,8-20.
67. Martin, M.M. UHPLC: a giant leap for separation science. Innovations Pharm. Technol. 2011, 38(42) 4-6.
68. Welch, C. J, Wu, N.; Biba, M.; Hartman, R.; Brkovic, T.; Gong, X. et al. Greening analytical chromatography. TrAC, Trends Anal Chem. 2010, 29, 667-80.
69. Kaufmann, A. The current role of high-resolution mass spectrometry in food analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011.
70. Daugherty, S. High-throughput vitamin D anlysis by UHPLC/MS. Innovations Pharm. Technol. 2011, 36, 18-20.
71. Sato, Y. Analysis of vitamin B1 using post-column derivatization by ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Jasco. Rep. 2011, 53, 16-7.
72. Wu, X-h.;Zhu, R-z.;Lu, S-m.; Wang, K.; Meng, Z-y.;Mu D-r. et al. UHPLC-MS/MS determination of coumarin in flavors. Lihua Jianyan, Huaxue Fence. 2009, 45, 1407-9.
73. Zimmermann, B.F.; Walch, S. G.; Tinzoh, L.N.;Stuehlinger, W.; Lachenmeier, D.W. Rapid UHPLC determination of polyphenols in aqueous infusions of Salvia officinalis L. (sage tea). J. Chromatogr. B. Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2011, 879, 2459-64.
74. Baranowska, I.; Magiera, S. Development and validation of a UHPLC method for the determination of flavonoids in red wine. J. AOAC Int. 2011, 94, 786-94.
75. Koesukwiwat, U.; Lehotay, S.J.; Miao, S.; Leepipatpiboon, N. High throughput analysis of 150 pesticides in fruits and vegetables using QuEChERS and low-pressure gas chromatography-time-offlight mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr., A. 2010, 1217, 6692-703.
76. Wang, J.; Leung, D.; Chow, W. Applications of LC/ESI-MS/MS and UHPLC QqTOF MS for the Determination of 148 Pesticides in Berries. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 5904-25.
77. Wang, J.; Chow, W.; Leung, D. Applications of LC/ESI-MS/MS and UHPLC QqTOF MS for the determination of 148 pesticides in fruits and vegetables. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2010, 396, 1513-38.
78. Jiang, S.; Zhao, Y.; Jin, Y.; Xu, Y-h.;Liu, Y.; Zhong, Y. UHPLCMS/ MS determination of residual amounts of 19 veterinary drugs in animal tissues. Lihua Jianyan, Huaxue Fence. 2010, 46, 1319-22.
79. Kalili, K.M.; de, V.A. Recent developments in the HPLC separation of phenolic compounds. J. Sep. Sci. 2011, 34(8), 854-76.
80. Valls, J.; Millan, S.; Marti, M.P.; Borras, E.; Arola, L. Advanced separation methods of food anthocyanins, isoflavones and flavanols. J. Chromatogr A. 2009, 1216(43), 7143-72.
81. Takeoka, G.; Dao, L.; Hurst, W.J. Editor, Methods of Analysis for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, 2008, p. 247.
82. Castaneda-Ovando, A.; Pacheco-Hernandez, M. dL.; Paez-Hernandez, M.E.; Rodriguez, J.A.; Galan-Vidal, C. A. Chemical studies of anthocyanins: A review. Food Chem., 2009, 113, 859-71.
83. Valls, J.; Millan, S.; Marti, M.P., Borras, E.; Arola, L. Advanced separation methods of food anthocyanins, isoflavones and flavanols. J. Chromatogr., A. 2009, 1216, 7143-72.
84. Welch, C.R.; Wu, Q.; Simon, J.E. Recent advances in anthocyanin analysis and characterization. Curr. Anal. Chem., 2008, 4, 75-101.
85. Eugster, P.J.; Guillarme, D.; Rudaz, S.; Veuthey, J.L.;Carrupt, P.A.; Wolfender, J.L. Ultra high pressure liquid chromatography for crude plant extract profiling. J. AOAC Int. 2011, 94, 51-70. (Copyright (C) 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.)
86. Guillarme, D.; Schappler, J.; Rudaz, S.; Veuthey, J.L. Coupling ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem., 2010, 29, 15-27.
87. Zhou, J.L.; Qi, L.W.; Li, P. Herbal medicine analysis by liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A., 2009, 1216(44), 7582-94.
88. Lacorte, S.; Fernandez-Alba, A.R. Time of flight mass spectrometry applied to the liquid chromatographic analysis of pesticides in water and food. Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2006, 25(6), 866-80.
89. Hardman, M.; Makarov, A.A. Interfacing the orbitrap mass analyzer to an electrospray ion source. Anal. Chem. 2003, 75(7), 1699-705.
90. Hu, Q.; Noll, R.J.; Li, H.; Makarov, A.; Hardman, M.; Graham Cooks R. The Orbitrap: a new mass spectrometer. J. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 40(4), 430-43.
91. Erickson, B. Linear ion trap/Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78(7), 2089.
92. Makarov, A.; Denisov, E.; Lange, O.; Horning, S. Dynamic range of mass accuracy in LTQ Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2006, 17(7), 977-82.
93. Harborne, J.B.; Williams, C.A. Anthocyanins and other flavonoids. Nat. Prod. Rep. 2001, 18(3), 310-33.
94. Fossen, T.; Slimestad, R.; Andersen, M.O. Anthocyanins with 4'-glucosidation from red onion, Allium cepa. Phytochemistry, 2003, 64(8), 1367-74.
95. Bjoroy, O.; Fossen, T.; Andersen, O. M. Anthocyanin 3-galactosides from Cornus alba 'Sibirica' with glucosidation of the B-ring. Phytochemistry, 2007, 68(5), 640-5.
96. Bloor, S.J. Deep blue anthocyanins from blue Dianella berries. Phytochemistry, 2001, 58(6), 923-7.
97. Tanaka, M.; Fujimori, T.; Uchida I., Yamaguchi S., Takeda K. A malonylated anthocyanin and flavonols in blue Meconopsis flowers. Phytochem., 2001, 56(4), 373-6.
98. Kazuma, K.; Kogawa, K.; Noda, N.; Kato, N.; Suzuki, M. Identification of delphinidin 3-O-(6''-O-malonyl)-beta-glucoside-3'-O-beta-glucoside, a postulated intermediate in the biosynthesis of ternatin C5 in the blue petals of Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea). Chem. Biodivers. 2004, 1(11), 1762-70.
99. Amr, A.; Al-Tamimi, E. Stability of the crude extracts of Ranunculus asiaticus anthocyanins and their use as food colourants. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech., 2007, 42(8), 985-91.
100. Donner, H.; Gao, L.; Mazza, G. Separation and characterization of simple and malonylated anthocyanins in red onions, Allium cepa L. Food Res Int. 1997, 30(8), 637-43.
101. Yang, Z.D.; Chen, Z.J.; Yuan, S.L.; Zhai, W.W.; Piao, X.S.; Piao, X.L. Extraction and identification of anthocyanin from purple corn (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 2009, 44(12), 2485-92.
102. Patil, G.; Madhusudhan, M.C.; Babu, B.R.; Raghavarao, K.S. M.S. Extraction, dealcoholization and concentration of anthocyanin from red radish. Chem. Eng. Process. 2009, 48(1), 364-9.
103. Rababah, T.M.; Banat, F.; Rababah, A.; Ereifej, K.; Yang, W. Optimization of Extraction Conditions of Total Phenolics, Antioxidant Activities, and Anthocyanin of Oregano, Thyme, Terebinth, and Pomegranate. J. Food Sci., 2010, 75(7), C626-C32.
104. Hendry, G.A.F.; Houghtoun, J.D. Natural food colorants. Springer (1996).
105. de Pascual-Teresa, S.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Rivas-Gonzalo, J.C. LCMS analysis of anthocyanins from purple corn cob. J. Sci. Food Agr., 2002, 82(9), 1003-6.
106. Lee, H.S. Characterization of major anthocyanins and the color of red-fleshed Budd Blood orange (Citrus sinensis). J. Agr. Food Chem., 2002, 50(5), 1243-6.
107. Longo, L.; Vasapollo, G. Extraction and identification of anthocyanins from Smilax aspera L. berries. Food Chem. 2005, 94, 226-31.
108. Pati, S.; Liberatore, M.T.; Gambacorta, G.; Antonacci, D.; La, N.E. Rapid screening for anthocyanins and anthocyanin dimers in crude grape extracts by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr, A., 2009, 1216, 3864-8.
109. Kim, S-J, Maeda, T.; Sarker M. Z. I, Takigawa S., Matsuura-Endo C., Yamauchi H. et al. Identification of Anthocyanins in the Sprouts of Buckwheat. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 6314-8.
110. Lin, L.; Sun, J.; Chen, P.; Harnly, J.M. LC-PDA-ESI/MSn Identification of New Anthocyanins in Purple Bordeaux Radish (Raphanus sativus L. variety). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011.
111. Marti, M.P.; Pantaleon, A.; Rozek, A.; Soler, A.; Valls, J.; Macia A. et al., Rapid analysis of procyanidins and anthocyanins in plasma by microelution SPE and ultra-HPLC. J. Sep. Sci., 2010, 33(17-18), 2841-53.
112. Monrad, J.K.; Howard, L.R.; King, J.W.; Srinivas K., Mauromoustakos A. Subcritical solvent extraction of anthocyanins from dried red grape pomace. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58(5), 2862-8.
113. Gachovska, T.; Cassada, D.; Subbiah, J.; Hanna, M.; Thippareddi, H.; Snow D. Enhanced anthocyanin extraction from red cabbage using pulsed electric field processing. J. Food Sci. 2010, 75(6), E323-9.
114. Chen, F.; Sun, Y.; Zhao, G.; Liao, X.; Hu, X.; Wu, J. et al., Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of anthocyanins in red raspberries and identification of anthocyanins in extract using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ultrason. Sonochem., 2007, 14(6), 767-78.
115. Hooper, L.; Kroon, P.A.; Rimm, E.B.; Cohn, J.S.; Harvey, I.; Le-Cornu, K.A. et al., Flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods, and cardiovascular risk: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 2008, 88(1), 38-50.
116. Dugo, P.; Favoino, O.; Presti, M.L.; Luppino, R.; Dugo, G.; Mondello, L. Determination of anthocyanins and related components in red wines by micro-and capillary HPLC. J. Sep. Sci., 2004, 27(17-18), 1458-66.
117. Palikova, I.; Heinrich, J.; Bednar, P.; Marhol, P.; Kren, V.; Cvak, L. et al., Constituents and antimicrobial properties of blue honeysuckle: a novel source for phenolic antioxidants. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56(24), 11883-9.
118. Dugo, P.; Mondello, L.; Errante, G.; Zappia, G.; Dugo, G. Identification of anthocyanins in berries by narrow-bore HPLC with electrospray ionization detection. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 3987-92.
119. McCallum, J.L.; Yang, R.; Young, J.C.; Strommer J. N.; Tsao, R. Improved high performance liquid chromatographic separation of anthocyanin compounds from grapes using a novel mixed-mode ion-exchange reversed-phase column. J. of Chromatogr. A., 2007, 1148(1), 38-45.
120. Strack, D.; Wray, V. 1989 Anthocyanins. Methods in Plant Biochemistry, 1, 325-56.
121. Dyrby M., Westergaard N., Stapelfeldt H. Light and heat sensitivity of red cabbage extract in soft drink model systems. Food Chem. 2001, 72(4), 431-7.
122. Arapitsas, P.; Sjoberg, P.J.R.; Turner, C. Characterisation of anthocyanins in red cabbage using high resolution liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Food Chem. 2008, 109(1), 219-26.
123. Wolfender, J-L.; Violette, A.; Fay, L.B. Mass spectrometry in phytonutrient research. RSC Food Anal Monogr. 2010, 9, 163-234.
124. Zhu, F.; Cai, Y-Z.; Yang, X.; Ke, J.; Corke, H. Anthocyanins, Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives, and Antioxidant Activity in Roots of Different Chinese Purple-Fleshed Sweetpotato Genotypes. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 7588-96.
125. Montoro, P.; Tuberoso, C.I.G.; Perrone, A.; Piacente, S.; Cabras, P.; Pizza, C. Characterisation by liquid chromatographyelectrospray tandem mass spectrometry of anthocyanins in extracts of Myrtus communis L. berries used for the preparation of myrtle liqueur. J. Chromatogr. A. 2006, 1112, 232-40.
126. Tian, Q.; Aziz, R.M.; Stoner, G.D.; Schwartz, S.J. Anthocyanin determination in black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) and biological specimens using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J. Food Sci., 2005, 70, C43-C7.
127. Nielsen, I.L.F.; Nielsen, S.E.; Ravn-Haren, G.; Dragsted, L.O. Detection, stability and redox effects of black currant anthocyanin glycosides in vivo: positive identification by mass spectrometry. Spec Publ-R Soc Chem. 2001, 269, 389-93.
128. Ling, Y.; Ren, C.; Mallery, S.R.; Ugalde, C. M.; Pei, P.; Saradhi, U.V.R.V. et al., A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantification of four anthocyanins and its application in a clinical pharmacology study of a bioadhesive black raspberry gel. J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2009, 877, 4027-34.
129. Ramanathan, R.; Jemal, M.; Ramagiri, S.; Xia, Y.Q.; Humpreys, W.G.; Olah, T. et al., It is time for a paradigm shift in drug discovery bioanalysis: from SRM to HRMS. J. Mass Spectrom., 2011, 46(6), 595-601.
130. Vogliardi, S.; Favretto, D.; Tucci, M.; Stocchero, G.; Ferrara, S.D. Simultaneous LC-HRMS determination of 28 benzodiazepines and metabolites in hair. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2011, 400(1), 51-67.
131. Fung, E.N.; Xia, Y.Q.; Aubry, A.F.; Zeng, J.; Olah, T.; Jemal, M. Full-scan high resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRMS) in regulated bioanalysis: LC-HRMS for the quantitation of prednisone and prednisolone in human plasma. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2011, 879(27), 2919-27.
132. Kaufmann, A. Strategy for the elucidation of elemental compositions of trace analytes based on a mass resolution of 100,000 full width at half maximum. Rapid. Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2010, 24(14), 2035-45.
133. Mullen, W.; Larcombe, S.; Arnold, K.; Welchman, H.; Crozier, A. Use of Accurate Mass Full Scan Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Anthocyanins in Berries and Berry-Fed Tissues. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 3910-5.
134. Lin, L.; Sun, J.; Chen, P.; Harnly, J. UHPLC-PDAESI/ HRMS/MSn Analysis of Anthocyanins, Flavonol Glycosides and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives in Red Mustard Green (Brassica juncea Coss variety). J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011.
135. Marczak, L.; Kachlicki, P.; Kozniewski, P.; Skirycz, A.; Krajewski, P.; Stobiecki, M. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry monitoring of anthocyanins in extracts from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 22, 3949-56.
136. Qin, C-G.; Li, Y.; Niu, W.; Ding, Y.; Shang, X.; Xu, C. Composition analysis and structural identification of anthocyanins in fruit of waxberry. Czech J. Food Sci. 2011, 29, 171-80.
137. Wang, J.; Kalt, W.; Sporns, P. Comparison between HPLC and MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Anthocyanins in Highbush Blueberries. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 3330-5.
138. Favretto, D.; Flamini, R. Application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to the study of grape anthocyanins. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 2000, 51, 55-64.
139. McDougall, G.; Martinussen, I.; Stewart, D. Towards fruitful metabolomics: High throughput analyses of polyphenol composition in berries using direct infusion mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr, B: Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008, 871, 362-9.
140. Asakawa, D.; Hiraoka, K. Direct profiling of saccharides, organic acids and anthocyanins in fruits using electrospray droplet impact/secondary ion mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2010, 24, 2431-8.
141. Prior, R.L.; Lazarus, S.A.; Cao, G.; Muccitelli, H.; Hammerstone, J.F. Identification of Procyanidins and Anthocyanins in Blueberries and Cranberries (Vaccinium Spp.) Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2001, 49, 1270-6.
142. Mullen, W.; Lean, M.E.; Crozier, A. Rapid characterization of anthocyanins in red raspberry fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to single quadrupole mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr A. 2002, 966(1-2), 63-70.
143. de, P-T.S.; Santos-Buelga, C.; Rivas-Gonzalo, J. C. LC-MS analysis of anthocyanins from purple corn cob. J. Sci. Food. Agric., 2002, 82, 1003-6.
144. Lopes-Da-Silva, F.; De, P-T.S.; Rivas-Gonzalo, J.; Santos-Buelga, C. Identification of anthocyanin pigments in strawberry (cv Camarosa) by LC using DAD and ESI-MS detection. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 2002, 214, 248-53.
145. Mullen, W.; McGinn, J.; Lean, M.E.J.; MacLean, M.R.; Gardner, P.; Duthie, G.G. et al. Ellagitannins, Flavonoids, and Other Phenolics in Red Raspberries and Their Contribution to Antioxidant Capacity and Vasorelaxation Properties. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2002, 50, 5191-6.
146. Hvattum, E. Determination of phenolic compounds in rose hip (Rosa canina) using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry and diode-array detection. Rapid Commun. Mass Sp. 2002, 16(7), 655-62.
147. Slimestad, R.; Solheim, H. Anthocyanins from black currants (Ribes nigrum L.). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50(11), 3228-31.
148. Escribano-Bailon, M. T, Santos-Buelga, C.; Alonso, G. L.; Salinas, M.R. Anthocyanin composition of the fruit of Coriaria myrtifolia L. Phytochem Anal. 2002, 13, 354-7.
149. Kammerer, D.; Carle, R.; Schieber, A. Detection of peonidin and pelargonidin glycosides in black carrots (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens alef.) by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2003, 17, 2407-12.
150. Wang, H.; Race, E.J.; Shrikhande, A.J. Characterization of anthocyanins in grape juices by ion trap liquid chromatographymass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51(7), 1839-44.
151. Garcia-Beneytez, E.; Cabello, F.; Revilla, E. Analysis of grape and wine anthocyanins by HPLC-MS. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2003, 51(19), 5622-9.
152. Krueger, C.G., Vestling, M.M. Matrix-assisted laser desorptionionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of anthocyaninpolyflavan-3-ol oligomers in cranberry fruit (Vaccinium macrocarpon, Ait.) and spray-dried cranberry juice. Acs. Sym. Ser. 2004, 886, 232-46.
153. Alcalde-Eon, C.; Saavedra, G.; de Pascual-Teresa, S.; Rivas-Gonzalo, J.C. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identification of anthocyanins of isla oca (Oxalis tuberosa, Mol.) tubers. J. Chromatogr., A. 2004, 1054(1-2), 211-5.
154. Lee, J.; Finn, C.E.; Wrolstad, R.E. Comparison of anthocyanin pigment and other phenolic compounds of Vaccinium membranaceum and Vaccinium ovatum native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52(23), 7039-44.
155. Chaovanalikit, A.; Thompson, M.M.; Wrolstad, R.E. Characterization and Quantification of Anthocyanins and Polyphenolics in Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea L.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 2004, 52, 848-52.
156. Wu, X.; Prior, R.L. Systematic Identification and Characterization of Anthocyanins by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in Common Foods in the United States: Fruits and Berries. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 2589-99.
157. Berardini, N.; Fezer, R.; Conrad, J.; Beifuss, U.; Carle, R.; Schieber, A. Screening of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars for Their Contents of Flavonol O-and Xanthone C-Glycosides, Anthocyanins, and Pectin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 1563-70.
158. Tian, Q.; Giusti, M.M.; Stoner, G.D.; Schwartz, S.J. Screening for anthocyanins using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with precursor-ion analysis, product-ion analysis, common-neutral-loss analysis, and selected reaction monitoring. J. Chromatogr. A. 2005, 1091, 72-82.
159. Tian, Q.; Konczak, I.; Schwartz, S.J. Probing anthocyanin profiles in purple sweet potato cell line (Ipomoea batatas L. Cv. Ayamurasaki) by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 6503-9. (Copyright (C) 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.)
160. Cai, Y-Z.; Xing, J.; Sun, M.; Zhan, Z-Q.; Corke, H. Phenolic Antioxidants (Hydrolyzable Tannins, Flavonols, and Anthocyanins) Identified by LC-ESI-MS and MALDI-QIT-TOF MS from Rosa chinensis Flowers. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 9940-8.
161. Mazzuca, P.; Ferranti, P.; Picariello, G.; Chianese, L.; Addeo, F. Mass spectrometry in the study of anthocyanins and their derivatives: differentiation of Vitis vinifera and hybrid grapes by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom., 2005, 40, 83-90.
162. Longo, L.; Vasapollo, G.; Rescio, L. Identification of Anthocyanins in Rhamnus alaternus L. Berries. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 1723-7.
163. Wu, X.; Prior, R.L. Identification and Characterization of Anthocyanins by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Common Foods in the United States: Vegetables, Nuts, and Grains. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 3101-13.
164. Zanatta, C.F.; Cuevas, E.; Bobbio, F.O.; Winterhalter, P.; Mercadante, A.Z. Determination of anthocyanins from Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) by HPLC-PDA, HPLC-MS, and NMR. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2005, 53, 9531-5.
165. Fan-Chiang, H.J.; Wrolstad, R.E. Anthocyanin pigment composition of blackberries. J. of Food Sci., 2005, 70(3), C198-C202.
166. Schuetz, K.; Persike, M.; Carle, R.; Schieber, A. Characterization and quantification of anthocyanins in selected artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) cultivars by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2006, 384, 1511-7.
167. Hassimotto, N.M.A.; Genovese, M.I.; Lajolo, F.M. Identification and characterization of anthocyanins from wild mulberry (Morus nigra L.) growing in Brazil. Food Sci. Technol. Int., 2007, 13, 17-25. (London, U K)
168. Nicoue E. E., Savard S., Belkacemi K. Anthocyanins in Wild Blueberries of Quebec: Extraction and Identification. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 5626-35.
169. Lo, S.R.; Genna, A.; Branca, F.; Chedin, M.; Chassaigne, H. Anthocyanin composition of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) and cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) and its stability in relation to thermal treatments. Food Chem., 2007, 107, 136-44.
170. Downey, M.O.; Rochfort, S. Simultaneous separation by reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral identification of anthocyanins and flavonols in Shiraz grape skin. J. Chromatogr, A., 2008, 1201, 43-7.
171. Cavaliere, C.; Foglia, P.; Gubbiotti, R.; Sacchetti, P.; Samperi, R.; Lagana, A. Rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for determination and quantitation of polyphenols in grape berries. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 2008, 22, 3089-99.
172. Grant, D.C.; Helleur, R.J. Rapid screening of anthocyanins in berry samples by surfactant-mediated matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2008, 22, 156-64.
173. Verad, R.V.; Hillebrand, S.; Montilla, E.C.; Bobbio, F.O.; Winterhalter, P.; Mercadante, A.Z. Determination of anthocyanins from acerola (Malpighia emarginata DC.) and acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) by HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. J. Food Compos. Anal., 2008, 21, 291-9.
174. Lee, J.H.; Kang, N.S.; Shin, S.O.; Shin, S.H.; Lim, S.G.; Suh, D.Y. et al. Characterisation of anthocyanins in the black soybean (Glycine max L.) by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analysis. Food Chem., 2008, 112, 226-31.
175. Arapitsas, P.; Sjoeberg, P.J.R.; Turner, C. Characterisation of anthocyanins in red cabbage using high resolution liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization-linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Food Chem., 2008, 109, 219-26.
176. Kitdamrongsont, K.; Pothavorn, P.; Swangpol, S.; Wongniam, S.; Atawongsa, K.; Svasti, J. et al., Anthocyanin Composition of Wild Bananas in Thailand. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56, 10853-7.
177. Ogawa, K.; Sakakibara, H.; Iwata, R.; Ishii, T.; Sato, T.; Goda, T. et al., Anthocyanin composition and antioxidant activity of the Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) and other berries. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2008, 56(12), 4457-62.
178. Lehtonen, H-M.; Rantala, M.; Suomela, J.P.; Viitanen, M.; Kallio, H. Urinary Excretion of the Main Anthocyanin in Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), Cyanidin 3-O-Galactoside, and Its Metabolites. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 4447-51.
179. Yang, R.Z.; Wei, X.L.; Gao, F.F.; Wang, L.S.; Zhang, H.J.; Xu, Y.J. et al., Simultaneous analysis of anthocyanins and flavonols in petals of lotus (Nelumbo) cultivars by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A., 2009, 1216, 106-12.
180. Huang, Z.; Wang, B.; Williams, P.; Pace, R.D. Identification of anthocyanins in muscadine grapes with HPLC-ESI-MS. LWT-Food Sci. Technol., 2009, 42, 819-24.
181. Barnes, J.S.; Nguyen, H.P.; Shen, S.; Schug, K.A. General method for extraction of blueberry anthocyanins and identification using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionizationion trap-time of flight-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A., 2009, 1216, 4728-35.
182. Flamini, R.; De R.M.; Smaniotto, A.; Panighel, A.; Vedova, A.D.; Seraglia, R. et al., Fast analysis of isobaric grape anthocyanins by Chip-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 23, 2891-6. (Copyright (C) 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.)
183. Yang Z., Chen Z., Yuan S., Zhai W., Piao X., Piao X. Extraction and identification of anthocyanin from purple corn (Zea mays L.). Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2009, 44, 2485-92.
184. Dinelli, G.; Segura, C.A.; Di S.R.; Marotti, I.; Fu, S.; Benedettelli, S. et al., Determination of phenolic compounds in modern and old varieties of durum wheat using liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr. A., 2009, 1216, 7229-40.
185. Latti, A.K.; Kainulainen, P.S.; Hayirlioglu-Ayaz, S.; Ayaz, F.A.; Riihinen, K.R. Characterization of Anthocyanins in Caucasian Blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) Native to Turkey. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2009, 57, 5244-9.
186. Ling, Y.; Ren, C.; Mallery, S.R.; Ugalde, C.M.; Pei, P.; Saradhi, U.V. et al., A rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantification of four anthocyanins and its application in a clinical pharmacology study of a bioadhesive black raspberry gel. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2009, 877(31), 4027-34.
187. Ieri, F.; Innocenti, M.; Andrenelli, L.; Vecchio, V.; Mulinacci, N. Rapid HPLC/DAD/MS method to determine phenolic acids, glycoalkaloids and anthocyanins in pigmented potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and correlations with variety and geographical origin. Food Chem., 2010, 125, 750-9.
188. Lee J. H. Identification and quantification of anthocyanins from the grains of black rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. Food Sci. Biotechnol., 2010, 19, 391-7.
189. Cuevas-Rodriguez, E.O.; Yousef, G.G.; Garcia-Saucedo, P.A.; Lopez-Medina, J.; Paredes-Lopez, O.; Lila, M.A. Characterization of Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins in Wild and Domesticated Mexican Blackberries (Rubus spp.). J. Agric. Food Chem., 2010, 58, 7458-64.
190. Myjavcova, R.; Marhol, P.; Kren, V.; Simanek, V.; Ulrichova, J.; Palikova, I. et al. Analysis of anthocyanin pigments in Lonicera (Caerulea) extracts using chromatographic fractionation followed by microcolumn liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 2010, 1217, 7932-41.
191. Choi, J.Y.; Lee, S.J.; Lee, S.J.; Park, S.; Lee, J.H.; Shim, J-H. et al. Analysis and tentative structure elucidation of new anthocyanins in fruit peel of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat (meoru) using LC-MS/MS: contribution to the overall antioxidant activity. J. Sep. Sci., 2010, 33, 1192-7.
192. Serra, A.; Macia, A.; Romero, M-P.;Pinol, C.; Motilva, M-J. Rapid methods to determine procyanidins, anthocyanins, theobromine and caffeine in rat tissues by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr, B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 2011, 879, 1519-28.
193. Dinelli, G.; Segura-Carretero, A.; Di, S.R.; Marotti, I.; Arraez-Roman, D.; Benedettelli, S. et al. Profiles of phenolic compounds in modern and old common wheat varieties determined by liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr, A. 2011, 1218, 7670-81.
194. Liu, Y-X.; Song, X.; Han, Y.; Zhou, F.; Zhang, D.; Ji, B-P. et al. Identification of Anthocyanin Components of Wild Chinese Blueberries and Amelioration of Light-Induced Retinal Damage in Pigmented Rabbit Using Whole Berries. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59, 356-63.
195. He, J.; Giusti, M.M. High-purity isolation of anthocyanins mixtures from fruits and vegetables-A novel solid-phase extraction method using mixed mode cation-exchange chromatography. J. Chromatogr., A. 2011, 1218, 7914-22.
196. Rajbhandari, R.; Peng, N.; Moore, R.; Arabshahi, A.; Wyss, J.M.; Barnes, S. et al. Determination of cranberry phenolic metabolites in rats by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 6682-8.
197. Zhang, L.; Fu, Q.; Zhang, Y. Composition of anthocyanins in pomegranate flowers and their antioxidant activity. Food Chem., 2011, 127, 1444-9.
198. McDougall, G. J.; Martinussen, I.; Junttila, O.; Verrall, S.; Stewart, D. Assessing the Influence of Genotype and Temperature on Polyphenol Composition in Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) Using a Novel Mass Spectrometric Method. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59, 10860-8.
199. Ogawa, K.; Sakakibara, H.; Iwata, R.; Ishii, T.; Sato, T.; Goda, T.; et al. Anthocyanin composition and antioxidant activity of the Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) and other berries. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 4457-62. (Copyright (C) 2012 U.S. National Library of Medicine.)
200. Montilla, E.C.; Arzaba, M.R.; Hillebrand, S.; Winterhalter, P. Anthocyanin Composition of Black Carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef.) Cultivars Antonina, Beta Sweet, Deep Purple, and Purple Haze. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59, 3385-90.
201. Steimer, S.; Sjoeberg, P.J.R. Anthocyanin characterization utilizing liquid chromatography combined with advanced mass spectrometric detection. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59, 2988-96.
202. Park, N.I.; Xu, H.; Li, X.; Jang, I.H.; Park, S.; Ahn, G.H. et al. Anthocyanin accumulation and expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in radish (Raphanus sativus). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 6034-9.
203. Qiu, J.; Saito, N.; Noguchi, M.; Fukui, K.; Yoshiyama, K.; Matsugano, K. et al. Absorption of 6-O-caffeoylsophorose and its metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rats detected by electrochemical detector-high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry methods. J. Agric. Food Chem., 2011, 59, 6299-304.
204. Zhang, J.; Wang, L.S.; Gao, J.M.; Xu, Y.J.; Li, L.F.; Li, C.H. Rapid Separation and Identification of Anthocyanins from Flowers of Viola yedoensis and V. prionantha by High-performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detection-Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry. Phytochem. Anal., 2012, 23, 16-22.
205. Kim, H.W.; Kim, J.B.; Cho, S.M.; Chung, M.N.; Lee, Y.M.; Chu, S.M. et al. Anthocyanin changes in the Korean purple-fleshed sweet potato, Shinzami, as affected by steaming and baking. Food Chem., 2012, 130, 966-72.