메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 35, Issue 2, 2004, Pages 131-143

Applications of LIGA technology to precision manufacturing of high-aspect-ratio micro-components and -systems: A review

Author keywords

3D micromachining; High aspect ratio; LIGA; Microfluidics; Micromechanics; Microoptics

Indexed keywords

ASPECT RATIO; COMPOSITE MICROMECHANICS; COST EFFECTIVENESS; LITHOGRAPHY; MICROMACHINING; MICROMETERS; MICROOPTICS; MICROSTRUCTURE; POLYMERS; POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATES; PRECISION ENGINEERING; SILICON; SYNCHROTRON RADIATION;

EID: 0347603968     PISSN: 00262692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.mejo.2003.10.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (239)

References (230)
  • 1
    • 0001226667 scopus 로고
    • Production of separation nozzle systems for uranium enrichment by a combination of X-ray lithography and galvanoplastics
    • Becker E.W., et al. Production of separation nozzle systems for uranium enrichment by a combination of X-ray lithography and galvanoplastics. Naturwissenschaften. 69:1982;520-523.
    • (1982) Naturwissenschaften , vol.69 , pp. 520-523
    • Becker, E.W.1
  • 2
    • 0022717983 scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of microstructures with high aspect ratios and great structural heights by synchrotron radiation lithography, galvanoforming, and plastic moulding (LIGA process)
    • Becker W., et al. Fabrication of microstructures with high aspect ratios and great structural heights by synchrotron radiation lithography, galvanoforming, and plastic moulding (LIGA process). J. Microelectron. Engng. 4:1986;35-56.
    • (1986) J. Microelectron. Engng. , vol.4 , pp. 35-56
    • Becker, W.1
  • 6
    • 0035772906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio precision MEMS with LIGA using synchrotron radiation
    • Khan Malek C. Fabrication of high-aspect-ratio precision MEMS with LIGA using synchrotron radiation. SPIE Proc. 4592:2001;119-130.
    • (2001) SPIE Proc. , vol.4592 , pp. 119-130
    • Khan Malek, C.1
  • 7
    • 0037237820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Materials for LiGA and LiGA-based microsystems
    • Hormes J., et al. Materials for LiGA and LiGA-based microsystems. Nucl. Instrum. Meth., B. 1999:2003;332-341.
    • (2003) Nucl. Instrum. Meth., B , vol.1999 , pp. 332-341
    • Hormes, J.1
  • 8
    • 0000518809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct high throughput LIGA for commercial applications: A progress report
    • Guckel H., et al. Direct high throughput LIGA for commercial applications: a progress report. J. Microsyst. Technol. 6:2000;103-105.
    • (2000) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 103-105
    • Guckel, H.1
  • 9
    • 0035768550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA: A fabrication technology for industry ?
    • Lawes R., et al. LIGA: a fabrication technology for industry ? Proc. SPIE. 4593:2001;145-155.
    • (2001) Proc. SPIE , vol.4593 , pp. 145-155
    • Lawes, R.1
  • 11
    • 0033319988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymers - An excellent and increasingly used material for microsystems
    • Bley P. Polymers - an excellent and increasingly used material for microsystems. SPIE Proc. 3876:1999;172-184.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3876 , pp. 172-184
    • Bley, P.1
  • 12
    • 0003110421 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy limits and potential applications of the LIGA technique in integrated optics
    • Munchmeyer D., Ehrfeld W. Accuracy limits and potential applications of the LIGA technique in integrated optics. SPIE Proc. 803:1987;72-79.
    • (1987) SPIE Proc. , vol.803 , pp. 72-79
    • Munchmeyer, D.1    Ehrfeld, W.2
  • 13
    • 0347382230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ANKA GmbH: http://www.anka-online.de.
  • 14
    • 0033325503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nanometer X-ray lithography
    • Hartley F.T., Khan Malek C. Nanometer X-ray lithography. SPIE Proc. 3892:1999;69-79.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3892 , pp. 69-79
    • Hartley, F.T.1    Khan Malek, C.2
  • 15
    • 0034538666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manufacturing of microcomponents in a research institute under DIN EN ISO 9001
    • Maas D., Karl B., Saile V., Schulz J. Manufacturing of microcomponents in a research institute under DIN EN ISO 9001. Proc. SPIE. 4174:2000;416-426.
    • (2000) Proc. SPIE , vol.4174 , pp. 416-426
    • Maas, D.1    Karl, B.2    Saile, V.3    Schulz, J.4
  • 17
    • 0036194296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2-DXL), with multiple stages
    • 2-DXL), with multiple stages. IEEE Proc. MEMS'2002. 2002;180-183.
    • (2002) IEEE Proc. MEMS'2002 , pp. 180-183
    • Tabata, O.1
  • 18
    • 0010953129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sloped irradiation techniques in deep X-ray lithography for 3D shaping of microstructures
    • Feiertag G., Ehrfeld W., Lehr H., Schmidt M. Sloped irradiation techniques in deep X-ray lithography for 3D shaping of microstructures. SPIE Proc. 3048:1997;136-143.
    • (1997) SPIE Proc. , vol.3048 , pp. 136-143
    • Feiertag, G.1    Ehrfeld, W.2    Lehr, H.3    Schmidt, M.4
  • 19
    • 0035975555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tetrahedral three-facet micro mirror with the inclined deep X-ray process
    • Oh D.Y., et al. A tetrahedral three-facet micro mirror with the inclined deep X-ray process. Sens. Actuators. A93:2001;157-161.
    • (2001) Sens. Actuators , vol.A93 , pp. 157-161
    • Oh, D.Y.1
  • 21
    • 0038155510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3D fabrication using deep X-ray mask with integrated micro-actuators
    • Lee K.-C., Lee S.S. 3D fabrication using deep X-ray mask with integrated micro-actuators. IEEE Proc. MEMS'03. 2003;558-561.
    • (2003) IEEE Proc. MEMS'03 , pp. 558-561
    • Lee, K.-C.1    Lee, S.S.2
  • 22
    • 0011211061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of LIGA structures with CMOS circuitry
    • Stadler S., Ajmera P.K. Integration of LIGA structures with CMOS circuitry. SPIE Proc. 3046:1997;230-241.
    • (1997) SPIE Proc. , vol.3046 , pp. 230-241
    • Stadler, S.1    Ajmera, P.K.2
  • 23
    • 0000524680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of LIGA acceleration sensors by aligned molding
    • Both A., et al. Fabrication of LIGA acceleration sensors by aligned molding. Microsyst. Technol. 2:(3):1996;104-108.
    • (1996) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 104-108
    • Both, A.1
  • 24
    • 0031650481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flexible integration of nonsilicon microstructures on microelectronic circuits
    • Müller K.-D., et al. Flexible integration of nonsilicon microstructures on microelectronic circuits. IEEE Proc. MEMS'98. 1998;263-267.
    • (1998) IEEE Proc. MEMS'98 , pp. 263-267
    • Müller, K.-D.1
  • 25
    • 84882855821 scopus 로고
    • Smart acceleration sensor systems based on LIGA micromechanics
    • H. Reichl.
    • Strohrmann M., et al. Smart acceleration sensor systems based on LIGA micromechanics. Reichl H. Microsystem Technologies 94. 1994;753-762.
    • (1994) Microsystem Technologies 94 , pp. 753-762
    • Strohrmann, M.1
  • 26
    • 0000450888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in LIGA-post-mold fabrication
    • Christenson T.R. Advances in LIGA-post-mold fabrication. SPIE Proc. 3511:1998;192-203 Christenson T.R., Schmale D.T. A batch wafer scale LIGA assembly and packaging technique via diffusion bonding. IEEE Proc. MEMS'99. 1999;476-481.
    • (1998) SPIE Proc. , vol.3511 , pp. 192-203
    • Christenson, T.R.1
  • 27
    • 0032627378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A batch wafer scale LIGA assembly and packaging technique via diffusion bonding
    • Christenson T.R. Advances in LIGA-post-mold fabrication. SPIE Proc. 3511:1998;192-203 Christenson T.R., Schmale D.T. A batch wafer scale LIGA assembly and packaging technique via diffusion bonding. IEEE Proc. MEMS'99. 1999;476-481.
    • (1999) IEEE Proc. MEMS'99 , pp. 476-481
    • Christenson, T.R.1    Schmale, D.T.2
  • 28
    • 0010956872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A flip-chip LIGA assembly technique via electroplating
    • Pan L.-W., Lin L., Ni J. A flip-chip LIGA assembly technique via electroplating. J. Microsyst. Technol. 7:(1):2001;40-43.
    • (2001) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-43
    • Pan, L.-W.1    Lin, L.2    Ni, J.3
  • 29
    • 0000805195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metrology study of structural transfer accuracy for high-aspect-ratio microelectromechanical systems (MEMS): From optical mask to polished electroplated parts
    • Khan Malek C.G., Wood R., Dudley B., Genova P. Metrology study of structural transfer accuracy for high-aspect-ratio microelectromechanical systems (MEMS): from optical mask to polished electroplated parts. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16:(6):1998;3552-3557.
    • (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 3552-3557
    • Khan Malek, C.G.1    Wood, R.2    Dudley, B.3    Genova, P.4
  • 30
    • 0037287270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LiGA measurement and acceptance evaluation
    • Dearth B.L., Steinhoff R.G. LiGA measurement and acceptance evaluation. Microsyst. Technol. 9:(3):2003;197-203.
    • (2003) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 197-203
    • Dearth, B.L.1    Steinhoff, R.G.2
  • 31
    • 0033346567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MEMS reliability, process monitoring, and quality assurance
    • Last H., et al. MEMS reliability, process monitoring, and quality assurance. SPIE Proc. 3880:1999;140-147.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3880 , pp. 140-147
    • Last, H.1
  • 32
    • 0029325925 scopus 로고
    • Assembly for micromechanics and LIGA
    • Schomburg W.K., et al. Assembly for micromechanics and LIGA. J. Micromech. Microengng. 5:1995;57-63.
    • (1995) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.5 , pp. 57-63
    • Schomburg, W.K.1
  • 33
    • 0004988650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic assembly of micro-optical components
    • Gegenbach U. Automatic assembly of micro-optical components. Proc. SPIE. 2906:1996;141-150.
    • (1996) Proc. SPIE , vol.2906 , pp. 141-150
    • Gegenbach, U.1
  • 34
    • 0010952594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated assembly: A high throughput, low cost assembly process for LIGa-fabricated micro-components
    • Egert C.M., Hylton K.W. Automated assembly: a high throughput, low cost assembly process for LIGa-fabricated micro-components. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(1):1997;25-27.
    • (1997) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-27
    • Egert, C.M.1    Hylton, K.W.2
  • 35
    • 0000450888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in LIGA-based post-mold fabrication
    • Christenson T.R. Advances in LIGA-based post-mold fabrication. SPIE Proc. 3511:1998;192-203.
    • (1998) SPIE Proc. , vol.3511 , pp. 192-203
    • Christenson, T.R.1
  • 36
    • 0346121268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments in micromanipulation and CAD-driven microassembly
    • Feddema J., et al. Experiments in micromanipulation and CAD-driven microassembly. Proc. SPIE. 3202:1998;98-107.
    • (1998) Proc. SPIE , vol.3202 , pp. 98-107
    • Feddema, J.1
  • 37
    • 0033322333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel assembly of high-aspect-ratio microstructures
    • Feddema J., Christenson T. Parallel assembly of high-aspect-ratio microstructures. Proc. SPIE. 3834:1999;153-164.
    • (1999) Proc. SPIE , vol.3834 , pp. 153-164
    • Feddema, J.1    Christenson, T.2
  • 38
    • 0032627378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A batch wafer scale LIGA assembly and packaging technique via diffusion bonding
    • Christenson T.R., Schmale D.T. A batch wafer scale LIGA assembly and packaging technique via diffusion bonding. IEEE Proc. MEMS'99. 1999;476-481.
    • (1999) IEEE Proc. MEMS'99 , pp. 476-481
    • Christenson, T.R.1    Schmale, D.T.2
  • 39
    • 0036646820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of tools for handling and assembling microcomponents
    • Ansel Y., et al. Development of tools for handling and assembling microcomponents. J. Micromech. Microengng. 12:2002;430-437.
    • (2002) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.12 , pp. 430-437
    • Ansel, Y.1
  • 40
    • 0034508321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tools and methods for automated assembly of miniaturized gear systems
    • Niehaus M., et al. Tools and methods for automated assembly of miniaturized gear systems. Proc. SPIE. 4194:2000;33-43.
    • (2000) Proc. SPIE , vol.4194 , pp. 33-43
    • Niehaus, M.1
  • 41
    • 0041902162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Highly parallel mass fabrication and assembly of microdevices
    • Ehrfeld W., et al. Highly parallel mass fabrication and assembly of microdevices. Microsyst. Technol. 7:(4):2001;145-150.
    • (2001) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 145-150
    • Ehrfeld, W.1
  • 42
    • 0002058070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembly of hybrid integrated micro-optical modules using passive alignment with LIGA mounting elements and adhesive bonding techniques
    • Gerlach A., et al. Assembly of hybrid integrated micro-optical modules using passive alignment with LIGA mounting elements and adhesive bonding techniques. Microsyst. Technol. 7:(1):2001;27-31.
    • (2001) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-31
    • Gerlach, A.1
  • 43
    • 84963756664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a micro optical distance sensor
    • International Conference on Optical MEMs, Lugano, August
    • Wallrabe U., et al. Characterization of a micro optical distance sensor. Proceedings of IEEE/LEOS, International Conference on Optical MEMs, Lugano, August. 2002;. pp. 20-23.
    • (2002) Proceedings of IEEE/LEOS , pp. 20-23
    • Wallrabe, U.1
  • 44
    • 0033719378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Batch transfer of LIGA microstructures by selective electroplating and bonding
    • Li-Wei P., Lin L. Batch transfer of LIGA microstructures by selective electroplating and bonding. IEEE Proc. MEMS'2000. 2000;259-264.
    • (2000) IEEE Proc. MEMS'2000 , pp. 259-264
    • Li-Wei, P.1    Lin, L.2
  • 45
    • 0026915550 scopus 로고
    • The LIGA technique - What are the new opportunities?
    • Rogner A., et al. The LIGA technique - what are the new opportunities? J. Micromech. Microengng. 2:(3):1992;133-140.
    • (1992) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 133-140
    • Rogner, A.1
  • 46
    • 11744310151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent developments in deep X-ray lithography
    • Ehrfeld W., Schmidt A. Recent developments in deep X-ray lithography. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B16:(6):1998;3526-3534 Abraham M., et al. Microsystem: between research and industrial application. Engineering. 41-42:1998;47-52.
    • (1998) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. , vol.B16 , Issue.6 , pp. 3526-3534
    • Ehrfeld, W.1    Schmidt, A.2
  • 47
    • 0031706877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsystem: Between research and industrial application
    • Ehrfeld W., Schmidt A. Recent developments in deep X-ray lithography. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B16:(6):1998;3526-3534 Abraham M., et al. Microsystem: between research and industrial application. Engineering. 41-42:1998;47-52.
    • (1998) Engineering , vol.41-42 , pp. 47-52
    • Abraham, M.1
  • 48
    • 0000450003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA and related technologies for industrial applications
    • Menz W. LIGA and related technologies for industrial applications. Sens. Actuators A. 54:(1-3):1996;785-789.
    • (1996) Sens. Actuators A , vol.54 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 785-789
    • Menz, W.1
  • 49
    • 0040598862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA - A technology for fabricating microstructures and microsystems
    • Mohr J. LIGA - a technology for fabricating microstructures and microsystems. Sens. Mater. 10:(6):1998;363-373.
    • (1998) Sens. Mater. , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 363-373
    • Mohr, J.1
  • 50
    • 0346121266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing new markets for high aspect ratio micro-machined devices
    • Skardon J., Vandenberg M. Developing new markets for high aspect ratio micro-machined devices. Microsyst. Technol. 5:1998;65-68.
    • (1998) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.5 , pp. 65-68
    • Skardon, J.1    Vandenberg, M.2
  • 51
    • 0034516608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA technology today and its industrial applications
    • Chung S.-J., et al. LIGA technology today and its industrial applications. SPIE Proc. 4194:2000;44-55.
    • (2000) SPIE Proc. , vol.4194 , pp. 44-55
    • Chung, S.-J.1
  • 52
    • 84885369511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The state of LIGA development
    • San Francisco, CA, July
    • J. Hruby, The state of LIGA development, Semicon 2000, San Francisco, CA, July 2000. J. Hruby, LIGA technologies and applications, MRS Bull. April 2001 337-340.
    • (2000) Semicon 2000
    • Hruby, J.1
  • 53
    • 0000518739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA technologies and applications
    • April
    • J. Hruby, The state of LIGA development, Semicon 2000, San Francisco, CA, July 2000. J. Hruby, LIGA technologies and applications, MRS Bull. April 2001 337-340.
    • (2001) MRS Bull. , pp. 337-340
    • Hruby, J.1
  • 54
    • 0346751888 scopus 로고
    • Micromechanics for actuators
    • Christenson T.R., et al. Micromechanics for actuators. SPIE Proc. 2220:1994;39-47 Guckel H. Progress in magnetic microactuators. Microsyst. Technol. 5:(2):1998;59-61.
    • (1994) SPIE Proc. , vol.2220 , pp. 39-47
    • Christenson, T.R.1
  • 55
    • 0011137070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progress in magnetic microactuators
    • Christenson T.R., et al. Micromechanics for actuators. SPIE Proc. 2220:1994;39-47 Guckel H. Progress in magnetic microactuators. Microsyst. Technol. 5:(2):1998;59-61.
    • (1998) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 59-61
    • Guckel, H.1
  • 56
    • 0006141988 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of micro-actuators concepts in view of fabrication technologies and applications
    • Schulz J. A comparison of micro-actuators concepts in view of fabrication technologies and applications. Electrochem. Soc. Proc. 95-18:1995;436-450.
    • (1995) Electrochem. Soc. Proc. , vol.95 , Issue.18 , pp. 436-450
    • Schulz, J.1
  • 59
    • 0032665864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Construction and manufacturing of a microgearhead with 1.9 mm outer diameter for universal applications
    • Thueringen C., et al. Construction and manufacturing of a microgearhead with 1.9 mm outer diameter for universal applications. SPIE Proc. 360:1999;526-533.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.360 , pp. 526-533
    • Thueringen, C.1
  • 60
    • 0042494456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A micro-cycloid gear system fabricated by multi-exposure LIGA
    • Chung S.J., et al. A micro-cycloid gear system fabricated by multi-exposure LIGA. J. Microsyst. Technol. 6:(4):2000;149-153.
    • (2000) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 149-153
    • Chung, S.J.1
  • 62
    • 0000125052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SLIGA based underwater weapon safety and arming system
    • Fan L., et al. SLIGA based underwater weapon safety and arming system. J. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(4):1998;168-171.
    • (1998) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 168-171
    • Fan, L.1
  • 63
    • 33845727632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US patent 5,705,767
    • C.H. Robinson, Miniature, planar, inertially-actuated delay slider actuator, US patent 5,705,767, 1998. C.H. Robinson, Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-type high-capacity inertial-switching device, US patent 6,314,887, 2001. C.H. Robinson, Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-type devices having latch release and output mechanisms, US patent 6,321,654, 2001.
    • (1998) Miniature, Planar, Inertially-actuated Delay Slider Actuator
    • Robinson, C.H.1
  • 64
    • 0346121263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US patent 6,314,887
    • C.H. Robinson, Miniature, planar, inertially-actuated delay slider actuator, US patent 5,705,767, 1998. C.H. Robinson, Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-type high-capacity inertial-switching device, US patent 6,314,887, 2001. C.H. Robinson, Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-type devices having latch release and output mechanisms, US patent 6,321,654, 2001.
    • (2001) Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS)-type High-capacity Inertial-switching Device
    • Robinson, C.H.1
  • 66
    • 0346121259 scopus 로고
    • Fabrication and testing of the planar magnetic micromotor
    • Guckel H., et al. Fabrication and testing of the planar magnetic micromotor. J. Micromech. Microengng. 4:1991;40-45.
    • (1991) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.4 , pp. 40-45
    • Guckel, H.1
  • 67
    • 0347382220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microactuators as driving units for microrobotic systems
    • Lehr H., et al. Microactuators as driving units for microrobotic systems. SPIE Proc. 2906:1996;202-210.
    • (1996) SPIE Proc. , vol.2906 , pp. 202-210
    • Lehr, H.1
  • 69
    • 0032686987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and realization of a penny-shaped micromotor
    • Nienhaus M., et al. Design and realization of a penny-shaped micromotor. SPIE Proc. 3680:1999;592-600.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3680 , pp. 592-600
    • Nienhaus, M.1
  • 70
    • 0032096251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multistator LIGA-fabricated electrostatic wobble motors with integrated synchronous control
    • Samper V.D., et al. Multistator LIGA-fabricated electrostatic wobble motors with integrated synchronous control. IEEE J. Microelectromech. Syst. 7:(2):1998;214-223.
    • (1998) IEEE J. Microelectromech. Syst. , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 214-223
    • Samper, V.D.1
  • 71
    • 0346751880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new ultrasonic catheter system with micromotor and LIGA gear-boxes
    • Ledworuski R., et al. A new ultrasonic catheter system with micromotor and LIGA gear-boxes. Microsyst. Technol. 9:(1-2):2002;133-136.
    • (2002) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.9 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 133-136
    • Ledworuski, R.1
  • 72
    • 0041401196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new process to fabricate the electromagnetic stepping micromotor using LIGA process and surface sacrificial layer technology
    • Yi F., et al. A new process to fabricate the electromagnetic stepping micromotor using LIGA process and surface sacrificial layer technology. J. Microsyst. Technol. 7:(3):2001;103-106.
    • (2001) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 103-106
    • Yi, F.1
  • 73
    • 0032162825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future directions in electroplated materials for thin-film recording heads
    • O'Sullivan E.J., et al. Future directions in electroplated materials for thin-film recording heads. IBM J. Res. Dev. 42:(5):1998;1-12.
    • (1998) IBM J. Res. Dev. , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 1-12
    • O'sullivan, E.J.1
  • 74
    • 0346751886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a LIGA-based elastodynamic flying mechanism
    • Cox A., Garcia E. Development of a LIGA-based elastodynamic flying mechanism. SPIE Proc. 3329:1998;2-8.
    • (1998) SPIE Proc. , vol.3329 , pp. 2-8
    • Cox, A.1    Garcia, E.2
  • 75
    • 0029753125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power characteristics of 3D operated microturbines for minimally invasive therapy
    • Wallrabe U., et al. Power characteristics of 3D operated microturbines for minimally invasive therapy. Proc. IEEE Transducers. 1996;462-466.
    • (1996) Proc. IEEE Transducers , pp. 462-466
    • Wallrabe, U.1
  • 76
    • 0000773741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High aspect ratio electrostatic micro-actuators using LIGA process
    • Kondo R., et al. High aspect ratio electrostatic micro-actuators using LIGA process. J. Microsyst. Technol. 6:(6):2000;210-213 R. Kondo, et al., Fabrication of thick film magnetic core with high aspect ratio and long structure using LIGA Book of Abstract of Fourth International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Microstructure Technology, (HARMST'01), Baden-Baden, Germany, June 2001, pp.207-208.
    • (2000) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 210-213
    • Kondo, R.1
  • 77
    • 0347382218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of thick film magnetic core with high aspect ratio and long structure using LIGA
    • Baden-Baden, Germany, June
    • Kondo R., et al. High aspect ratio electrostatic micro-actuators using LIGA process. J. Microsyst. Technol. 6:(6):2000;210-213 R. Kondo, et al., Fabrication of thick film magnetic core with high aspect ratio and long structure using LIGA Book of Abstract of Fourth International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Microstructure Technology, (HARMST'01), Baden-Baden, Germany, June 2001, pp.207-208.
    • (2001) Book of Abstract of Fourth International Workshop on High Aspect Ratio Microstructure Technology, (HARMST'01) , pp. 207-208
    • Kondo, R.1
  • 78
    • 0000615126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic linear actuators with inductive position sensing for micro relay, micro valve and precision positioning applications
    • Guckel H., et al. Electromagnetic linear actuators with inductive position sensing for micro relay, micro valve and precision positioning applications. Sens. Actuators A. 53:(1-3):1996;386-391.
    • (1996) Sens. Actuators A , vol.53 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 386-391
    • Guckel, H.1
  • 80
    • 0041643169 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic, spring constrained linear actuator with large throw
    • Bremen, Germany, June 15-17
    • Guckel H., et al. Electromagnetic, spring constrained linear actuator with large throw. Actuator'94, Bremen, Germany, June 15-17. 1994;Guckel H., et al. Closed loop controlled, large throw, magnetic linear microactuator with 1000 micron structural height. Proc. MEMS'98. 1998;414-418.
    • (1994) Actuator'94
    • Guckel, H.1
  • 81
    • 0031650483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closed loop controlled, large throw, magnetic linear microactuator with 1000 micron structural height
    • Guckel H., et al. Electromagnetic, spring constrained linear actuator with large throw. Actuator'94, Bremen, Germany, June 15-17. 1994;Guckel H., et al. Closed loop controlled, large throw, magnetic linear microactuator with 1000 micron structural height. Proc. MEMS'98. 1998;414-418.
    • (1998) Proc. MEMS'98 , pp. 414-418
    • Guckel, H.1
  • 82
    • 0026382521 scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of microsensor and microactuator elements by the LIGA process
    • San Francisco, CA, June 24-27
    • Mohr J., et al. Fabrication of microsensor and microactuator elements by the LIGA process. Proceedings of Transducers'91, San Francisco, CA, June 24-27. 1991;. pp. 607-609.
    • (1991) Proceedings of Transducers'91 , pp. 607-609
    • Mohr, J.1
  • 83
    • 0026960892 scopus 로고
    • Application of the LIGA technique for the development of microactuators based on electromagnetic principles
    • Lehr H., et al. Application of the LIGA technique for the development of microactuators based on electromagnetic principles. J. Micromech. Microengng. 2:1992;229-233.
    • (1992) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.2 , pp. 229-233
    • Lehr, H.1
  • 84
    • 0037755413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of microconnector with an automatic connecting/disconnecting mechanism
    • Haga T., et al. Development of microconnector with an automatic connecting/disconnecting mechanism. Microsyst. Technol. 6:(4):2000;157-160.
    • (2000) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 157-160
    • Haga, T.1
  • 85
    • 0005210160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromechanical LIGA gyroscope
    • June
    • K. Schumacher, et al., Micromechanical LIGA gyroscope, Transducer'99, Sendai, Proceedings, vol. 1, June 1999, pp. 1574-1577.
    • (1999) Transducer'99, Sendai, Proceedings , vol.1 , pp. 1574-1577
    • Schumacher, K.1
  • 86
    • 0347382212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of Micromachined Resonating Cylinder Gyroscopes
    • Baden-Baden, Germany, June
    • Y.M. Desta, et al., Fabrication of Micromachined Resonating Cylinder Gyroscopes, Book of Abstract HARMST'01, Baden-Baden, Germany, June 2001, pp. 259-260.
    • (2001) Book of Abstract HARMST'01 , pp. 259-260
    • Desta, Y.M.1
  • 87
    • 50749135213 scopus 로고
    • Acceleration sensor with integrated compensation temperature effects fabricated by the LIGA process
    • Strohrmann M., et al. Acceleration sensor with integrated compensation temperature effects fabricated by the LIGA process. Sens. Actuators, A. 41-42:1994;426-429 Both A., et al. Fabrication of LIGA acceleration sensors by aligned molding. Microsyst. Technol. 2:(3):1996;104-108.
    • (1994) Sens. Actuators, A , vol.41-42 , pp. 426-429
    • Strohrmann, M.1
  • 88
    • 0000524680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of LIGA acceleration sensors by aligned molding
    • Strohrmann M., et al. Acceleration sensor with integrated compensation temperature effects fabricated by the LIGA process. Sens. Actuators, A. 41-42:1994;426-429 Both A., et al. Fabrication of LIGA acceleration sensors by aligned molding. Microsyst. Technol. 2:(3):1996;104-108.
    • (1996) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 104-108
    • Both, A.1
  • 91
    • 0346751876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microfabrication of a Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Electrodeposited Giant Magnetoresistant Material
    • Beijing, China, June
    • Zhang H., et al. Microfabrication of a Magnetic Field Sensor Based on Electrodeposited Giant Magnetoresistant Material. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Test and Measurement (ISTM/97), Beijing, China. June 1997;. pp. 661-665.
    • (1997) Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Test and Measurement (ISTM/97) , pp. 661-665
    • Zhang, H.1
  • 92
    • 0043064169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-aspect-ratio microstructures for magnetoelectronic applications
    • Wang T. High-aspect-ratio microstructures for magnetoelectronic applications. SPIE Proc. 4979:2003;464-471.
    • (2003) SPIE Proc. , vol.4979 , pp. 464-471
    • Wang, T.1
  • 93
    • 0141999914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An electrostatic microactuator using LIGA process for a magnetic head tracking system of hard disk drives
    • Nakamura S., et al. An electrostatic microactuator using LIGA process for a magnetic head tracking system of hard disk drives. J. Microsyst. Technol. 5:(2):1998;69-71.
    • (1998) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-71
    • Nakamura, S.1
  • 94
    • 0035156276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laterally movable gate (LMGFET) for on-chip integration of MEMS with electronics
    • Ajmera P.K., Song I.-H. Laterally movable gate (LMGFET) for on-chip integration of MEMS with electronics. SPIE Proc. 4334:2001;30-37.
    • (2001) SPIE Proc. , vol.4334 , pp. 30-37
    • Ajmera, P.K.1    Song, I.-H.2
  • 96
    • 0029192163 scopus 로고
    • Piezoelectric composites for micro-ultrasonic transducers realized with deep-etch X-ray lithography
    • Hirata Y., et al. Piezoelectric composites for micro-ultrasonic transducers realized with deep-etch X-ray lithography. Proc. MEMS'98. 1995;191-196.
    • (1995) Proc. MEMS'98 , pp. 191-196
    • Hirata, Y.1
  • 97
    • 0035386536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformersa, inductors, power and magnetic device control - Fabrication of thick film magnetic cores for high frequency using LIGA process
    • 1
    • Takimoto S., et al. Transformersa, inductors, power and magnetic device control - fabrication of thick film magnetic cores for high frequency using LIGA process. IEEE Trans. Magnetics. 37:(4-1):2001;2888-2890.
    • (2001) IEEE Trans. Magnetics , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 2888-2890
    • Takimoto, S.1
  • 98
    • 0343078173 scopus 로고
    • First experimental results on new microstrip with three dimensional geometry
    • Lemonnier M., et al. First experimental results on new microstrip with three dimensional geometry. Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A. 349:1994;274-276.
    • (1994) Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A , vol.349 , pp. 274-276
    • Lemonnier, M.1
  • 99
    • 0031365475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a micro-array type electron multiplier
    • Kawarabayashi J., et al. Development of a micro-array type electron multiplier. Proc. IEEE MEMS'98. 1998;791-794.
    • (1998) Proc. IEEE MEMS'98 , pp. 791-794
    • Kawarabayashi, J.1
  • 100
    • 0346751876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microfabrication of a magnetic field sensor based on electrodeposited giant magnetoresistant material
    • Beijing, China, June
    • Zhang H. Microfabrication of a magnetic field sensor based on electrodeposited giant magnetoresistant material. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Test and Measurements (ISTM'97), Beijing, China. June 1997;. pp. 661-665.
    • (1997) Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Test and Measurements (ISTM'97) , pp. 661-665
    • Zhang, H.1
  • 101
    • 0030718289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigation of the LIGA process to fabricate microchannel plates
    • Liu R.H., et al. Investigation of the LIGA process to fabricate microchannel plates. Proc. IEEE Transducers'97. 1997;645-648.
    • (1997) Proc. IEEE Transducers'97 , pp. 645-648
    • Liu, R.H.1
  • 102
    • 0029517913 scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of miniaturized electrostatic deflectors with LIGA
    • Jackson K.H., , et al. Fabrication of miniaturized electrostatic deflectors with LIGA. SPIE Proc. 2640:1995;204-213.
    • (1995) SPIE Proc. , vol.2640 , pp. 204-213
    • Jackson, K.H.1
  • 103
    • 0034206036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary testing of microstructured imaging plates with improved resolution
    • Kondratyev V.I., et al. Preliminary testing of microstructured imaging plates with improved resolution. Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A. 448:(1-2):2000;207-210.
    • (2000) Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A , vol.448 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 207-210
    • Kondratyev, V.I.1
  • 104
    • 0042568599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A variable reluctance stepping micro-dynanometer
    • Christenson T.R., et al. A variable reluctance stepping micro-dynanometer. Microsyst. Technol. 2:(3):1996;139-143.
    • (1996) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 139-143
    • Christenson, T.R.1
  • 105
    • 0346121256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of new position sensitive electron multiplication device fabricated by LIGA process
    • Inoue M., et al. Development of new position sensitive electron multiplication device fabricated by LIGA process. Microsyst. Technol. 6:(3):2000;90-93.
    • (2000) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 90-93
    • Inoue, M.1
  • 106
    • 0030419949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA-based family of tips for scanning probe applications
    • Akkaraju S., et al. LIGA-based family of tips for scanning probe applications. SPIE Proc. 2880:1996;191-198.
    • (1996) SPIE Proc. , vol.2880 , pp. 191-198
    • Akkaraju, S.1
  • 107
    • 0002534105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microfabrication of high aspect ratio Bi-Te alloy microposts and applications in micro-sized cooling probes
    • Huang L., et al. Microfabrication of high aspect ratio Bi-Te alloy microposts and applications in micro-sized cooling probes. Microsyst. Technol. 6:1999;1-5.
    • (1999) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 1-5
    • Huang, L.1
  • 108
    • 0031081865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microgrippers fabricated by the LIGA technique
    • Ballandras S., et al. Microgrippers fabricated by the LIGA technique. Sens. Actuators A. 58:1997;265-272.
    • (1997) Sens. Actuators A , vol.58 , pp. 265-272
    • Ballandras, S.1
  • 109
    • 0011049203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new sacrificial layer method of LIGA technology to fabricate movable part of a gripper
    • Yi F., et al. A new sacrificial layer method of LIGA technology to fabricate movable part of a gripper. J. Microsyst. Technol. 6:(4):2000;154-156.
    • (2000) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 154-156
    • Yi, F.1
  • 110
    • 0034508321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tools and methods for automated assembly of miniaturized gear systems
    • Nienhaus M., et al. Tools and methods for automated assembly of miniaturized gear systems. SPIE Proc. 4194:2000;33-43.
    • (2000) SPIE Proc. , vol.4194 , pp. 33-43
    • Nienhaus, M.1
  • 111
    • 0033715586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a force controlled microgripper for asssembling biomedical microdevices
    • Carrozza M.C., et al. Towards a force controlled microgripper for asssembling biomedical microdevices. J. Micromech. Microengng. 10:2000;271-276.
    • (2000) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.10 , pp. 271-276
    • Carrozza, M.C.1
  • 112
    • 0346121253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA spinnerets for microfiber
    • Sendai, Japan, June 7-10
    • Cheng Y., et al. LIGA spinnerets for microfiber. Proceedings of Transducer'99, Sendai, Japan, June 7-10. 1999;. pp. 1452-1455 Tseng S.C., et al. New pattern on fabrication of fiber spinnerets by LIGA technology. SPIE Proc. 3680:1999;518-525.
    • (1999) Proceedings of Transducer'99 , pp. 1452-1455
    • Cheng, Y.1
  • 113
    • 0032687665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New pattern on fabrication of fiber spinnerets by LIGA technology
    • Cheng Y., et al. LIGA spinnerets for microfiber. Proceedings of Transducer'99, Sendai, Japan, June 7-10. 1999;. pp. 1452-1455 Tseng S.C., et al. New pattern on fabrication of fiber spinnerets by LIGA technology. SPIE Proc. 3680:1999;518-525.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3680 , pp. 518-525
    • Tseng, S.C.1
  • 114
    • 0035278579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-fine machining tool/molds by LIGA technology
    • Yang H., et al. Ultra-fine machining tool/molds by LIGA technology. J. Micromech. Microengng. 11:2001;94-99.
    • (2001) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.11 , pp. 94-99
    • Yang, H.1
  • 115
    • 0001329821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High aspect ratio multi-level mold inserts fabricated by mechanical micromachining and deep etch x-ray lithography
    • Fahrenberg J., et al. High aspect ratio multi-level mold inserts fabricated by mechanical micromachining and deep etch x-ray lithography. J. Microsyst. Technol. 2:1996;174-177 Bacher W., et al. Fabrication of LIGA mold inserts. J. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(3):1998;117-119.
    • (1996) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.2 , pp. 174-177
    • Fahrenberg, J.1
  • 116
    • 0000204571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of LIGA mold inserts
    • Fahrenberg J., et al. High aspect ratio multi-level mold inserts fabricated by mechanical micromachining and deep etch x-ray lithography. J. Microsyst. Technol. 2:1996;174-177 Bacher W., et al. Fabrication of LIGA mold inserts. J. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(3):1998;117-119.
    • (1998) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 117-119
    • Bacher, W.1
  • 117
    • 0035766393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid fabrication of embossing tools for the production of polymeric microfluidic devices for bioanalytical applications
    • Ford S.M., et al. Rapid fabrication of embossing tools for the production of polymeric microfluidic devices for bioanalytical applications. SPIE Proc. 4560:2001;207-216.
    • (2001) SPIE Proc. , vol.4560 , pp. 207-216
    • Ford, S.M.1
  • 118
    • 0032658389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel micro-electro-discharge machining method using electrodes fabricated by the LIGA process
    • Takhata K., et al. A novel micro-electro-discharge machining method using electrodes fabricated by the LIGA process. Proc. MEMS'99. 1999;238-243 Takhata K., et al. High-aspect-ratio WC-Co microstructure produced by the combination of LIGA and micro-EDM. J. Microsyst. Technol. 6:2000;175-178.
    • (1999) Proc. MEMS'99 , pp. 238-243
    • Takhata, K.1
  • 119
    • 0000788346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-aspect-ratio WC-Co microstructure produced by the combination of LIGA and micro-EDM
    • Takhata K., et al. A novel micro-electro-discharge machining method using electrodes fabricated by the LIGA process. Proc. MEMS'99. 1999;238-243 Takhata K., et al. High-aspect-ratio WC-Co microstructure produced by the combination of LIGA and micro-EDM. J. Microsyst. Technol. 6:2000;175-178.
    • (2000) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 175-178
    • Takhata, K.1
  • 120
    • 0346981694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-deep LIGA process and its applications
    • Cheng Y., et al. Ultra-deep LIGA process and its applications. Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A. 467-468:2001;741-744.
    • (2001) Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A , vol.467-468 , pp. 741-744
    • Cheng, Y.1
  • 121
    • 0033316736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional LIGA structures for use in tagging
    • Cox A., Garcia E. Three-dimensional LIGA structures for use in tagging. SPIE Proc. 3673:1999;122-126.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3673 , pp. 122-126
    • Cox, A.1    Garcia, E.2
  • 122
    • 0003110421 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy limits and potential applications of the LIGA technique in integrated optics
    • Munchmeyer D., Ehrfeld W., et al. Accuracy limits and potential applications of the LIGA technique in integrated optics. SPIE Proc. 803:1987;72-78 Mohr J. Micro-optical and opto-mechanical systems fabricated by the LIGA technique. SPIE Proc. 3008:1997;273-278.
    • (1987) SPIE Proc. , vol.803 , pp. 72-78
    • Munchmeyer, D.1    Ehrfeld, W.2
  • 123
    • 0031370917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-optical and opto-mechanical systems fabricated by the LIGA technique
    • Munchmeyer D., Ehrfeld W., et al. Accuracy limits and potential applications of the LIGA technique in integrated optics. SPIE Proc. 803:1987;72-78 Mohr J. Micro-optical and opto-mechanical systems fabricated by the LIGA technique. SPIE Proc. 3008:1997;273-278.
    • (1997) SPIE Proc. , vol.3008 , pp. 273-278
    • Mohr, J.1
  • 124
    • 0029193532 scopus 로고
    • Micro-optical components for fiber and integrated optics realized by the LIGA technique
    • Gerner M., et al. Micro-optical components for fiber and integrated optics realized by the LIGA technique. Proc. IEEE MEMS'95. 1995;328-333.
    • (1995) Proc. IEEE MEMS'95 , pp. 328-333
    • Gerner, M.1
  • 125
    • 0026152062 scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of a planar grating spectrograph by deep-etch lithography with synchrotron radiation
    • Mohr J., et al. Fabrication of a planar grating spectrograph by deep-etch lithography with synchrotron radiation. Sens. Actuators, A. 25-27:1991;571-575.
    • (1991) Sens. Actuators, A , vol.25-27 , pp. 571-575
    • Mohr, J.1
  • 126
    • 0033889542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microspectrometer system for the near infrared wavelength range based on the LIGA technology
    • Krippner P., et al. Microspectrometer system for the near infrared wavelength range based on the LIGA technology. SPIE Proc. 3912:2000;141-149.
    • (2000) SPIE Proc. , vol.3912 , pp. 141-149
    • Krippner, P.1
  • 127
    • 0036532790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a micro-spectrometer system for process control application
    • Brennan D., et al. Development of a micro-spectrometer system for process control application. Infrared Phys. Technol. 43:(2):2002;69-76.
    • (2002) Infrared Phys. Technol. , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 69-76
    • Brennan, D.1
  • 128
    • 0029545769 scopus 로고
    • A miniaturized Fabry-Perot AFM sensor
    • Stockholm, Sweden
    • Ruf A. A miniaturized Fabry-Perot AFM sensor. Proceedings of Transducers'95-Eurosensors IX, Stockholm, Sweden. 1995;. pp. 660-663.
    • (1995) Proceedings of Transducers'95-eurosensors , vol.9 , pp. 660-663
    • Ruf, A.1
  • 129
    • 0035414010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-optical distance sensor fabricated by deep x-ray lithography
    • Nakajima H., et al. Micro-optical distance sensor fabricated by deep x-ray lithography. Opt. Engng. 40:(8):2001;1667-1673.
    • (2001) Opt. Engng. , vol.40 , Issue.8 , pp. 1667-1673
    • Nakajima, H.1
  • 130
    • 0348012828 scopus 로고
    • Miniaturised polarisation sensor as a concept for new optical microsystems
    • Stockholm, Sweden, June
    • Stenkamp B., et al. Miniaturised polarisation sensor as a concept for new optical microsystems. Proceedings of Transducers'95, Stockholm, Sweden, June. 1995;. pp. 160.
    • (1995) Proceedings of Transducers'95 , pp. 160
    • Stenkamp, B.1
  • 131
    • 0033319380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetically driven microchopper for integration in microspectrometers based on LIGA technology
    • Krippner P., et al. Electromagnetically driven microchopper for integration in microspectrometers based on LIGA technology. Proc. SPIE. 3878:1999;144-154.
    • (1999) Proc. SPIE , vol.3878 , pp. 144-154
    • Krippner, P.1
  • 132
    • 0038358317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterisation of adaptive optic pyramid wavefront sensors fabricated by deep X-ray lithography
    • F. Pérennès, et al., Characterisation of adaptive optic pyramid wavefront sensors fabricated by deep X-ray lithography, Microelectronic Engng. 67-68 (2003) 566-573.
    • (2003) Microelectronic Engng. , vol.67-68 , pp. 566-573
    • Pérennès, F.1
  • 133
    • 0032226014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer waveguides for telecoms, datacom and sensor applications
    • Paatzsch T., et al. Polymer waveguides for telecoms, datacom and sensor applications. SPIE Proc. 3276:1998;16-27 Bauer H.-D., et al. Manufacturing microcomponents for optical information technology using the LIGA technique. Proc. SPIE. 3739:1999;224-229.
    • (1998) SPIE Proc. , vol.3276 , pp. 16-27
    • Paatzsch, T.1
  • 134
    • 0032671842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manufacturing microcomponents for optical information technology using the LIGA technique
    • Paatzsch T., et al. Polymer waveguides for telecoms, datacom and sensor applications. SPIE Proc. 3276:1998;16-27 Bauer H.-D., et al. Manufacturing microcomponents for optical information technology using the LIGA technique. Proc. SPIE. 3739:1999;224-229.
    • (1999) Proc. SPIE , vol.3739 , pp. 224-229
    • Bauer, H.-D.1
  • 135
    • 0035759657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A plethora of micro-optical systems
    • Sweatt W.C., et al. A plethora of micro-optical systems. SPIE Proc. 4437:2001;125-133 Christenson T.R., Sweatt W.C. Micro-optomechanical uses of deep x-ray lithography (X-optics). Book of Abstract HARMST'01, Baden-Baden, Germany, June. 2001;. pp. 3-4.
    • (2001) SPIE Proc. , vol.4437 , pp. 125-133
    • Sweatt, W.C.1
  • 136
    • 0035759657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-optomechanical uses of deep x-ray lithography (X-optics)
    • Baden-Baden, Germany, June
    • Sweatt W.C., et al. A plethora of micro-optical systems. SPIE Proc. 4437:2001;125-133 Christenson T.R., Sweatt W.C. Micro-optomechanical uses of deep x-ray lithography (X-optics). Book of Abstract HARMST'01, Baden-Baden, Germany, June. 2001;. pp. 3-4.
    • (2001) Book of Abstract HARMST'01 , pp. 3-4
    • Christenson, T.R.1    Sweatt, W.C.2
  • 137
    • 0346751871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractive microlens arrays made by contactless embossing
    • Picard A., et al. Refractive microlens arrays made by contactless embossing. SPIE Proc. 3135:1997;96-105.
    • (1997) SPIE Proc. , vol.3135 , pp. 96-105
    • Picard, A.1
  • 138
    • 0033327661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miniaturized achromatic hybrid objective containing LIGA-made microlenses
    • Ilie M., Danut U. Miniaturized achromatic hybrid objective containing LIGA-made microlenses. SPIE Proc. 3879:1999;196-205.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3879 , pp. 196-205
    • Ilie, M.1    Danut, U.2
  • 139
    • 0006306987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tunable IR filters with integral electromagnetic actuators
    • Hilton Head, South Carolina, June
    • Ohnstein T.R., et al. Tunable IR filters with integral electromagnetic actuators. Proceedings of Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head, South Carolina, June. 1996;. pp. 196-199 Cox J.A., et al. Optical performance of high aspect LIGA gratings II. Opt. Engng. 37:(11):1998;2878-2884.
    • (1996) Proceedings of Solid-state Sensor and Actuator Workshop , pp. 196-199
    • Ohnstein, T.R.1
  • 140
    • 0342563245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical performance of high aspect LIGA gratings II
    • Ohnstein T.R., et al. Tunable IR filters with integral electromagnetic actuators. Proceedings of Solid-State Sensor and Actuator Workshop, Hilton Head, South Carolina, June. 1996;. pp. 196-199 Cox J.A., et al. Optical performance of high aspect LIGA gratings II. Opt. Engng. 37:(11):1998;2878-2884.
    • (1998) Opt. Engng. , vol.3711 , pp. 2878-2884
    • Cox, J.A.1
  • 141
    • 0035975555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A tetrahedral three-facet micro-mirror with the inclined deep X-ray
    • Oh D.-Y., et al. A tetrahedral three-facet micro-mirror with the inclined deep X-ray. Sens. Actuators. A93:(2):2001;157-161.
    • (2001) Sens. Actuators , vol.A93 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-161
    • Oh, D.-Y.1
  • 142
    • 0346751870 scopus 로고
    • Micro-optical set-up with microlenses and microprisms based on refractive optics
    • Brenner K.-H., et al. Micro-optical set-up with microlenses and microprisms based on refractive optics. Proc. SPIE. 1806:1993;228-233.
    • (1993) Proc. SPIE , vol.1806 , pp. 228-233
    • Brenner, K.-H.1
  • 143
    • 0031572019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of photonic crystals by deep X-ray lithography
    • Feiertag G., et al. Fabrication of photonic crystals by deep X-ray lithography. Appl. Phys. Lett. 71:(11):1997;1441-1443 Katsarakis M., et al. Two-dimensional metallic photonic band-gap crystals fabricated by LIGA. Microsyst. Technol. 8:(2-3):2002;74-77.
    • (1997) Appl. Phys. Lett. , vol.71 , Issue.11 , pp. 1441-1443
    • Feiertag, G.1
  • 144
    • 0036575780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two-dimensional metallic photonic band-gap crystals fabricated by LIGA
    • Feiertag G., et al. Fabrication of photonic crystals by deep X-ray lithography. Appl. Phys. Lett. 71:(11):1997;1441-1443 Katsarakis M., et al. Two-dimensional metallic photonic band-gap crystals fabricated by LIGA. Microsyst. Technol. 8:(2-3):2002;74-77.
    • (2002) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.8 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 74-77
    • Katsarakis, M.1
  • 145
    • 0034316492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of three-dimensional photonic structures with submicrometer resolution by x-ray lithography
    • Cuisin C., et al. Fabrication of three-dimensional photonic structures with submicrometer resolution by x-ray lithography. JVST B. 18:(6):2000;3505-3509.
    • (2000) JVST B , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 3505-3509
    • Cuisin, C.1
  • 146
    • 0038020147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of metallic photonic crystals by X-ray lithography
    • Romanato F., et al. Fabrication of metallic photonic crystals by X-ray lithography. J. Microelectron. Engng. 67-68:2003;479-486.
    • (2003) J. Microelectron. Engng. , vol.67-68 , pp. 479-486
    • Romanato, F.1
  • 147
    • 0025839776 scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of light-guiding devices and fiber-coupling structures by the LIGA process
    • Rogner A., Ehrfeld W. Fabrication of light-guiding devices and fiber-coupling structures by the LIGA process. Proc. SPIE. 1506:1991;80-91.
    • (1991) Proc. SPIE , vol.1506 , pp. 80-91
    • Rogner, A.1    Ehrfeld, W.2
  • 148
    • 0346121249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer waveguides for optical backplane interconnects fabricated by the LIGA technique
    • Postdam, Berlin: VDE-Verlag. ISBN No3-8007-2421-9
    • Paatzsch T., et al. Polymer waveguides for optical backplane interconnects fabricated by the LIGA technique. Proceedings of Microsystem Technology'98, Postdam. 1998;VDE-Verlag, Berlin. ISBN No3-8007-2421-9, pp77-82 Bauer H.-D., et al. Polymer waveguide devices with passive pigtailing: an application of LIGA technology. Synth. Metals. 115:(1-3):2000;13-20.
    • (1998) Proceedings of Microsystem Technology'98 , pp. 77-82
    • Paatzsch, T.1
  • 149
    • 0034325654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer waveguide devices with passive pigtailing: An application of LIGA technology
    • Paatzsch T., et al. Polymer waveguides for optical backplane interconnects fabricated by the LIGA technique. Proceedings of Microsystem Technology'98, Postdam. 1998;VDE-Verlag, Berlin. ISBN No3-8007-2421-9, pp77-82 Bauer H.-D., et al. Polymer waveguide devices with passive pigtailing: an application of LIGA technology. Synth. Metals. 115:(1-3):2000;13-20.
    • (2000) Synth. Metals , vol.1151-1153 , pp. 13-20
    • Bauer, H.-D.1
  • 150
    • 0346751868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray micromachining of deep 3D terahertz waveguide components using a laser plasma source at 1 nm wavelength
    • Turcu I., et al. X-ray micromachining of deep 3D terahertz waveguide components using a laser plasma source at 1 nm wavelength. SPIE Proc. 3157:1997;291-299.
    • (1997) SPIE Proc. , vol.3157 , pp. 291-299
    • Turcu, I.1
  • 151
    • 0026225057 scopus 로고
    • LIGA-based flexible microstructures for fiber-chip coupling
    • Rogner A., et al. LIGA-based flexible microstructures for fiber-chip coupling. J. Micromech. Microengng. 1:1991;167-170.
    • (1991) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.1 , pp. 167-170
    • Rogner, A.1
  • 152
    • 0032225740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-package active fiber optic micro-aligner
    • Haake J., et al. In-package active fiber optic micro-aligner. Proc. SPIE. 3276:1998;207-219 White E., et al. Three-axis microactuator for smart optical interconnect system. Proc. SPIE. 3328:1998;353-364.
    • (1998) Proc. SPIE , vol.3276 , pp. 207-219
    • Haake, J.1
  • 153
    • 0348012826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-axis microactuator for smart optical interconnect system
    • Haake J., et al. In-package active fiber optic micro-aligner. Proc. SPIE. 3276:1998;207-219 White E., et al. Three-axis microactuator for smart optical interconnect system. Proc. SPIE. 3328:1998;353-364.
    • (1998) Proc. SPIE , vol.3328 , pp. 353-364
    • White, E.1
  • 154
    • 0032304061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injection-moulded fibre ribbon connectors for parallel optical links fabricated by the LIGA technique
    • Dunkel K.-H., et al. Injection-moulded fibre ribbon connectors for parallel optical links fabricated by the LIGA technique. J. Micromech. Microengng. 8:1998;301-306 Schulze J., et al. Parallel optical interconnection using self-adjusting microlenses on injection molded ferules made by LIGA technique. SPIE Proc. 3737:1999;562-571.
    • (1998) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.8 , pp. 301-306
    • Dunkel, K.-H.1
  • 155
    • 0032660627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel optical interconnection using self-adjusting microlenses on injection molded ferules made by LIGA technique
    • Dunkel K.-H., et al. Injection-moulded fibre ribbon connectors for parallel optical links fabricated by the LIGA technique. J. Micromech. Microengng. 8:1998;301-306 Schulze J., et al. Parallel optical interconnection using self-adjusting microlenses on injection molded ferules made by LIGA technique. SPIE Proc. 3737:1999;562-571.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3737 , pp. 562-571
    • Schulze, J.1
  • 156
    • 0032401510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tunable chirped fiber Bragg grating embedded in a textile laminated beam for fiber dispersion compensation
    • Du W., et al. Tunable chirped fiber Bragg grating embedded in a textile laminated beam for fiber dispersion compensation. SPIE Proc. 3240:1998;226-231.
    • (1998) SPIE Proc. , vol.3240 , pp. 226-231
    • Du, W.1
  • 157
    • 0032680113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of single-mode optical fiber ferrule mold insert with twelve channels
    • Yang H., Vasile M. Fabrication of single-mode optical fiber ferrule mold insert with twelve channels. SPIE Proc. 3680:1999;848-852.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3680 , pp. 848-852
    • Yang, H.1    Vasile, M.2
  • 158
    • 0034452612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Realization of multi-fiber ferrule mold inserts fabricated by the LIGA process
    • Shyu R.F., et al. Realization of multi-fiber ferrule mold inserts fabricated by the LIGA process. SPIE Proc. 4230:2000;210-217.
    • (2000) SPIE Proc. , vol.4230 , pp. 210-217
    • Shyu, R.F.1
  • 159
    • 0346121223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive alignment and hybrid integration of active and passive optical components on a microoptical LIGA-bench
    • Mainz, August 30-Sept.
    • Ziegler P., et al. Passive alignment and hybrid integration of active and passive optical components on a microoptical LIGA-bench. Proceedings of MOEMS'99, Mainz, August 30-Sept. 1. 1999;. pp. 186.
    • (1999) Proceedings of MOEMS'99 , vol.1 , pp. 186
    • Ziegler, P.1
  • 160
    • 0002058070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembly of hybrid integrated micro-optical modules using passive alignment with LIGA mounting elements and adhesive bonding techniques
    • Gerlach A., et al. Assembly of hybrid integrated micro-optical modules using passive alignment with LIGA mounting elements and adhesive bonding techniques. J. Microsyst. Technol. 7:(1):2001;27-31.
    • (2001) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-31
    • Gerlach, A.1
  • 161
    • 0036575407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromolded easy-assembly multifiber connector: Ribcon
    • Wallrabe U., et al. Micromolded easy-assembly multifiber connector: Ribcon. Microsyst. Technol. 8:(2-3):2002;83-87.
    • (2002) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.8 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 83-87
    • Wallrabe, U.1
  • 162
    • 0002185802 scopus 로고
    • LIGA technique for packaging and interconnection
    • Essen, Germany
    • Weber L., et al. LIGA technique for packaging and interconnection. Proceedings of EUPAC, Essen, Germany. 1994;. pp. 104-106.
    • (1994) Proceedings of EUPAC , pp. 104-106
    • Weber, L.1
  • 163
    • 0033712416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication and packaging of optical components and microsystems
    • Rantala J.T., et al. Fabrication and packaging of optical components and microsystems. SPIE Proc. 4075:2000;140-149.
    • (2000) SPIE Proc. , vol.4075 , pp. 140-149
    • Rantala, J.T.1
  • 164
    • 0029490288 scopus 로고
    • Integrated optical bench for a CO2 gas sensor
    • Desta Y.M., et al. Integrated optical bench for a CO2 gas sensor. Proc. SPIE. 2640:1995;172-177.
    • (1995) Proc. SPIE , vol.2640 , pp. 172-177
    • Desta, Y.M.1
  • 165
    • 0001395428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA-technology for the fabrication of positioned planar structures
    • Schift H., Söchtig J. LIGA-technology for the fabrication of positioned planar structures. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(3):1998;132-134 Schift H., et al. Fabrication of replicated high-precision insert elements for micro-optical bench arrangements. Proc. SPIE. 3515:1998;122-134.
    • (1998) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.4 , Issue.3 , pp. 132-134
    • Schift, H.1    Söchtig, J.2
  • 166
    • 0032299503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of replicated high-precision insert elements for micro-optical bench arrangements
    • Schift H., Söchtig J. LIGA-technology for the fabrication of positioned planar structures. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(3):1998;132-134 Schift H., et al. Fabrication of replicated high-precision insert elements for micro-optical bench arrangements. Proc. SPIE. 3515:1998;122-134.
    • (1998) Proc. SPIE , vol.3515 , pp. 122-134
    • Schift, H.1
  • 167
    • 0031370917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-optical and optomechanical systems fabricated by the LIGA technique
    • Mohr J. Micro-optical and optomechanical systems fabricated by the LIGA technique. Proc. SPIE. 3008:1997;273-278.
    • (1997) Proc. SPIE , vol.3008 , pp. 273-278
    • Mohr, J.1
  • 168
    • 0032225872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miniaturized fiber optical switches with non-moving polymeric mirrors for tele- and datacommunication networks fabricated using the LIGA technology
    • Neumeier M., et al. Miniaturized fiber optical switches with non-moving polymeric mirrors for tele- and datacommunication networks fabricated using the LIGA technology. SPIE Proc. 3276:1998;37-47.
    • (1998) SPIE Proc. , vol.3276 , pp. 37-47
    • Neumeier, M.1
  • 169
    • 0033349026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of an optical energy interrupter for MEMS-based safety and arming systems
    • Beamesderfer M., et al. Analysis of an optical energy interrupter for MEMS-based safety and arming systems. SPIE Proc. 3880:1999;101-111.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3880 , pp. 101-111
    • Beamesderfer, M.1
  • 170
    • 0012528182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical 2×2 switch matrix with electromechanical motors
    • Ruzzu A., et al. Optical 2×2 switch matrix with electromechanical motors. SPIE Proc. 4178:2000;67-76.
    • (2000) SPIE Proc. , vol.4178 , pp. 67-76
    • Ruzzu, A.1
  • 171
    • 0034938783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four-function optical switch with LIGA alignment plates
    • Kemme S.A., et al. Four-function optical switch with LIGA alignment plates. SPIE Proc. 4284:2001;10-16.
    • (2001) SPIE Proc. , vol.4284 , pp. 10-16
    • Kemme, S.A.1
  • 172
    • 0002944871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymer star coupler for optical backplane interconnects fabricated by LIGA technique
    • Paatzsch T., et al. Polymer star coupler for optical backplane interconnects fabricated by LIGA technique. Proc. Seventh Int. Plastic Opt. Fibres Conf. (POF'98). 1998;324-331 Frese I., et al. Combination of guided wave and free-space micro-optics for a new optical backplane concept. Proc. SPIE. 4430:2001;715-721.
    • (1998) Proc. Seventh Int. Plastic Opt. Fibres Conf. (POF'98) , pp. 324-331
    • Paatzsch, T.1
  • 173
    • 0034426150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of guided wave and free-space micro-optics for a new optical backplane concept
    • Paatzsch T., et al. Polymer star coupler for optical backplane interconnects fabricated by LIGA technique. Proc. Seventh Int. Plastic Opt. Fibres Conf. (POF'98). 1998;324-331 Frese I., et al. Combination of guided wave and free-space micro-optics for a new optical backplane concept. Proc. SPIE. 4430:2001;715-721.
    • (2001) Proc. SPIE , vol.4430 , pp. 715-721
    • Frese, I.1
  • 174
    • 3242851564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terahertz waveguide components fabricated using a 3D x-ray microfabrication technique
    • Moon S.W., et al. Terahertz waveguide components fabricated using a 3D x-ray microfabrication technique. Electron. Lett. 32:1996;1794-1795.
    • (1996) Electron. Lett. , vol.32 , pp. 1794-1795
    • Moon, S.W.1
  • 175
    • 0347382207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microfabrication of RF devices using deep x-ray lithography and copper electroforming
    • SPIE Conference Smart Materials, Nano-, and Micro- Smart Systems, Melbourne, Dec. 16-18
    • Mancini D.C. Microfabrication of RF devices using deep x-ray lithography and copper electroforming. SPIE Conference Smart Materials, Nano-, and Micro- Smart Systems, Melbourne, Dec. 16-18. Proc. SPIE. vol. 4936:2002.
    • (2002) Proc. SPIE , vol.4936
    • Mancini, D.C.1
  • 176
    • 0348012794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated micromachined transmission lines and endfire slot antennas
    • Gearhart S.S., et al. Integrated micromachined transmission lines and endfire slot antennas. SPIE Proc. 3225:1997;109-118 Willke T.L., Gearhart S.S. LIGA micromachined planar transmission lines and filters. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 45:(10):2002;1681-1688.
    • (1997) SPIE Proc. , vol.3225 , pp. 109-118
    • Gearhart, S.S.1
  • 177
    • 0031250122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA micromachined planar transmission lines and filters
    • Gearhart S.S., et al. Integrated micromachined transmission lines and endfire slot antennas. SPIE Proc. 3225:1997;109-118 Willke T.L., Gearhart S.S. LIGA micromachined planar transmission lines and filters. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 45:(10):2002;1681-1688.
    • (2002) IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. , vol.45 , Issue.10 , pp. 1681-1688
    • Willke, T.L.1    Gearhart, S.S.2
  • 178
    • 0029547996 scopus 로고
    • Fabricating sub-collimating grids for an X-ray solar imaging spectrometer using LIGA techniques
    • Brennen R.A., et al. Fabricating sub-collimating grids for an X-ray solar imaging spectrometer using LIGA techniques. SPIE Proc. 2640:1995;214-225.
    • (1995) SPIE Proc. , vol.2640 , pp. 214-225
    • Brennen, R.A.1
  • 179
    • 0035047214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of 2D x-ray scatter grids for mammography
    • Fischer K., et al. Fabrication of 2D x-ray scatter grids for mammography. Proc. SPIE. 4145:2001;227-234.
    • (2001) Proc. SPIE , vol.4145 , pp. 227-234
    • Fischer, K.1
  • 180
    • 0342563242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manufacturing pinhole arrays for X-ray source diagnostics using LIGA
    • Gerner M., et al. Manufacturing pinhole arrays for X-ray source diagnostics using LIGA. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(4):1998;184-186.
    • (1998) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 184-186
    • Gerner, M.1
  • 181
    • 0032665197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray transmission lenses by deep x-ray lithography and LIGA technique: First results and fundamental limits
    • Kupka R.K., et al. X-ray transmission lenses by deep x-ray lithography and LIGA technique: first results and fundamental limits. SPIE Proc. 3680:1999;508-517.
    • (1999) SPIE Proc. , vol.3680 , pp. 508-517
    • Kupka, R.K.1
  • 182
    • 0035768624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA fabrication of high-aspect-ratio lobster-eye optics
    • Peele A., et al. LIGA fabrication of high-aspect-ratio lobster-eye optics. SPIE Proc. 4592:2001;406-413 Peele A., et al. Book of Abstract of HARMST'01, Baden-Baden, Germany, June. 2001;. pp. 23-24.
    • (2001) SPIE Proc. , vol.4592 , pp. 406-413
    • Peele, A.1
  • 183
    • 0035768624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baden-Baden, Germany, June
    • Peele A., et al. LIGA fabrication of high-aspect-ratio lobster-eye optics. SPIE Proc. 4592:2001;406-413 Peele A., et al. Book of Abstract of HARMST'01, Baden-Baden, Germany, June. 2001;. pp. 23-24.
    • (2001) Book of Abstract of HARMST'01 , pp. 23-24
    • Peele, A.1
  • 184
    • 0036124164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microfabrication of freestanding metal structures released from graphite substrates
    • Makarova O.V., et al. Microfabrication of freestanding metal structures released from graphite substrates. Proc. IEEE MEMS'2002. 2002;400-402.
    • (2002) Proc. IEEE MEMS'2002 , pp. 400-402
    • Makarova, O.V.1
  • 185
    • 0036983483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • X-ray lens with kinoform refractive profile created by x-ray lithography
    • Shabel'nikov L., et al. X-ray lens with kinoform refractive profile created by x-ray lithography. SPIE Proc. 4783:2002;176.
    • (2002) SPIE Proc. , vol.4783 , pp. 176
    • Shabel'nikov, L.1
  • 186
    • 0346121247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refractive lenses fabricated by deep SR lithography and LIGA technology for X-ray energy range from 1 keV to 1 MeV
    • 25-29.08, San Francisco, USA
    • V. Nazmov et al., Refractive lenses fabricated by deep SR lithography and LIGA technology for X-ray energy range from 1 keV to 1 MeV, AIP Proceedings of SRI 2003, 25-29.08, San Francisco, USA, 2003.
    • (2003) AIP Proceedings of SRI 2003
    • Nazmov, V.1
  • 187
    • 0010941080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA fabricated compact mm-wave linear accelerator cavities
    • Song J.J., et al. LIGA fabricated compact mm-wave linear accelerator cavities. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(4):1998;193-196.
    • (1998) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 193-196
    • Song, J.J.1
  • 188
    • 0346981694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultra-deep LIGA process and its application
    • Cheng Y., et al. Ultra-deep LIGA process and its application. Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A. 467-468:2001;741-744.
    • (2001) Nucl. Instrum. Meth., A , vol.467-468 , pp. 741-744
    • Cheng, Y.1
  • 189
    • 0346751838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.ehrfeld.com.
  • 190
    • 0028725837 scopus 로고
    • Microfluidic components in LIGA technique
    • Schomburg W.K., et al. Microfluidic components in LIGA technique. J. Micromech. Microengng. 4:1994;186-191.
    • (1994) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.4 , pp. 186-191
    • Schomburg, W.K.1
  • 191
    • 0037998364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fabrication of miniaturized biotechnical devices
    • Niggemann M., et al. Fabrication of miniaturized biotechnical devices. SPIE Proc. 3511:1998;204-213.
    • (1998) SPIE Proc. , vol.3511 , pp. 204-213
    • Niggemann, M.1
  • 192
    • 0035767709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Industrial applications for LIGA-fabricated micro heat exchangers
    • Kelly K.W., et al. Industrial applications for LIGA-fabricated micro heat exchangers. SPIE Proc. 4559:2001;73-84.
    • (2001) SPIE Proc. , vol.4559 , pp. 73-84
    • Kelly, K.W.1
  • 193
    • 0028312580 scopus 로고
    • LIGA micropump for gases and liquids
    • Rapp R., et al. LIGA micropump for gases and liquids. Sens. Actuators A. 40:(1):1994;57-61 Bustgens B., et al. Micropump manufactured by thermoplastic molding. Proc. IEEE-MEMS'94. 1994;18-21.
    • (1994) Sens. Actuators A , vol.40 , Issue.1 , pp. 57-61
    • Rapp, R.1
  • 194
    • 0028061038 scopus 로고
    • Micropump manufactured by thermoplastic molding
    • Rapp R., et al. LIGA micropump for gases and liquids. Sens. Actuators A. 40:(1):1994;57-61 Bustgens B., et al. Micropump manufactured by thermoplastic molding. Proc. IEEE-MEMS'94. 1994;18-21.
    • (1994) Proc. IEEE-MEMS'94 , pp. 18-21
    • Bustgens, B.1
  • 195
    • 0030704811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of LIGA-fabricated, self-priming, in-line gear pumps
    • Chicago, June
    • Dewa A.S., et al. Development of LIGA-fabricated, self-priming, in-line gear pumps. Proceedings of IEEE Transducers'97, Chicago, June. 1997;. pp. 757-760.
    • (1997) Proceedings of IEEE Transducers'97 , pp. 757-760
    • Dewa, A.S.1
  • 196
    • 0031224229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-gear pumps for dosing of viscous fluids
    • Doepper J., et al. Micro-gear pumps for dosing of viscous fluids. J. Micromech. Microengng. 7:1997;230-232.
    • (1997) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.7 , pp. 230-232
    • Doepper, J.1
  • 197
    • 0007605489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LIGA fabrication and test of a DC type magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) micropump
    • Huang L., et al. LIGA fabrication and test of a DC type magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) micropump. Microsyst. Technol. 6:2000;235-240.
    • (2000) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 235-240
    • Huang, L.1
  • 198
    • 0027885989 scopus 로고
    • Active valves and pumps for microfluidics
    • Schomburg W.K., et al. Active valves and pumps for microfluidics. J. Micromech. Microengng. 3:1993;216-218 Ruzzu A., et al. Multi-functional valve components fabricated by combination of LIGA processes and high precision mechanical engineering. J. Microsyst. Technol. 4:1998;128-131 Ruzzu A., et al. Positioning system for catheter tip based on an active microvalve system. J. Micromech. Microengng. 8:(2):1998;161-164.
    • (1993) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.3 , pp. 216-218
    • Schomburg, W.K.1
  • 199
    • 0010953631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-functional valve components fabricated by combination of LIGA processes and high precision mechanical engineering
    • Schomburg W.K., et al. Active valves and pumps for microfluidics. J. Micromech. Microengng. 3:1993;216-218 Ruzzu A., et al. Multi-functional valve components fabricated by combination of LIGA processes and high precision mechanical engineering. J. Microsyst. Technol. 4:1998;128-131 Ruzzu A., et al. Positioning system for catheter tip based on an active microvalve system. J. Micromech. Microengng. 8:(2):1998;161-164.
    • (1998) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 128-131
    • Ruzzu, A.1
  • 200
    • 0032093392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positioning system for catheter tip based on an active microvalve system
    • Schomburg W.K., et al. Active valves and pumps for microfluidics. J. Micromech. Microengng. 3:1993;216-218 Ruzzu A., et al. Multi-functional valve components fabricated by combination of LIGA processes and high precision mechanical engineering. J. Microsyst. Technol. 4:1998;128-131 Ruzzu A., et al. Positioning system for catheter tip based on an active microvalve system. J. Micromech. Microengng. 8:(2):1998;161-164.
    • (1998) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-164
    • Ruzzu, A.1
  • 202
    • 0343433157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tapered microvalves fabricated by off-axis X-ray exposures
    • Tsuei T.W., et al. Tapered microvalves fabricated by off-axis X-ray exposures. J. Microsyst. Technol. 4:(4):1998;201-204.
    • (1998) J. Microsyst. Technol. , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 201-204
    • Tsuei, T.W.1
  • 203
    • 0022681994 scopus 로고
    • Microfabrication of membranes with extreme porosity and uniform pore size
    • Ehrfeld W., et al. Microfabrication of membranes with extreme porosity and uniform pore size. J. Membr. Sci. 36:1988;67-77.
    • (1988) J. Membr. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 67-77
    • Ehrfeld, W.1
  • 204
    • 0033368619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of micro-machining techniques for air-assisted liquid atomization
    • Snyder H.E., Reitz R.D. Development of micro-machining techniques for air-assisted liquid atomization. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 20:(1):1999;11-18.
    • (1999) Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-18
    • Snyder, H.E.1    Reitz, R.D.2
  • 205
    • 0026916566 scopus 로고
    • Integrated measuring systems for the detection of the revolutions of LIGA microturbines in view of a volumetric flow sensor
    • Himmelhaus M., et al. Integrated measuring systems for the detection of the revolutions of LIGA microturbines in view of a volumetric flow sensor. J. Micromech. Microengng. 2:(3):1992;196-198.
    • (1992) J. Micromech. Microengng. , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 196-198
    • Himmelhaus, M.1
  • 207
    • 0002881647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Miniaturized plastic micro-plates for application in HTS
    • Nieggemann M., et al. Miniaturized plastic micro-plates for application in HTS. Microsyst. Technol. 6:1999;48-53.
    • (1999) Microsyst. Technol. , vol.6 , pp. 48-53
    • Nieggemann, M.1
  • 208
    • 0346751841 scopus 로고
    • Bistable fluidic elements in LIGA-technique as microactuators
    • Yokohama, Japan
    • Vollmer I., et al. Bistable fluidic elements in LIGA-technique as microactuators. Proceedings IEEE Transducers'93, Yokohama, Japan. 1993;. pp. 116-119.
    • (1993) Proceedings IEEE Transducers'93 , pp. 116-119
    • Vollmer, I.1
  • 209
    • 0030648880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of a fluidic micro-oscillator and micro-actuator in LIGA-technique for medical applications
    • Chicago
    • Gebhard U., et al. Combination of a fluidic micro-oscillator and micro-actuator in LIGA-technique for medical applications. Proceedings of IEEE Transducers'97, Chicago. 1997;. pp. 761-764.
    • (1997) Proceedings of IEEE Transducers'97 , pp. 761-764
    • Gebhard, U.1
  • 210
    • 0033737514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluidic actuation by electrorhelogical microdevices
    • Kohl M. Fluidic actuation by electrorhelogical microdevices. Mechatronics. 10:(4-5):2000;583-594.
    • (2000) Mechatronics , vol.10 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 583-594
    • Kohl, M.1
  • 213
    • 0031370889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microelectroelectrophoresis devices with integrated fluorescence detectors and reactors for high-throughput DNA sequencing
    • Soper S., et al. Microelectroelectrophoresis devices with integrated fluorescence detectors and reactors for high-throughput DNA sequencing. Proc. SPIE. 2985:1997;36-46 Ford S.M., et al. Micromachining in plastics using x-ray lithography (LIGA) for the fabrication of microelectrophoresis devices. J. Biomech. Engng. 121:1999;13-21.
    • (1997) Proc. SPIE , vol.2985 , pp. 36-46
    • Soper, S.1
  • 214
    • 0033083514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromachining in plastics using x-ray lithography (LIGA) for the fabrication of microelectrophoresis devices
    • Soper S., et al. Microelectroelectrophoresis devices with integrated fluorescence detectors and reactors for high-throughput DNA sequencing. Proc. SPIE. 2985:1997;36-46 Ford S.M., et al. Micromachining in plastics using x-ray lithography (LIGA) for the fabrication of microelectrophoresis devices. J. Biomech. Engng. 121:1999;13-21.
    • (1999) J. Biomech. Engng. , vol.121 , pp. 13-21
    • Ford, S.M.1
  • 215
    • 0347382179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel Microfabricated Capillary Array Electrophoresis Chip Fabricated by Synchrotron Radiation and Direct Observation of Dynamics of DNA Molecules in Microchannels
    • Baba Y., Tabata O. Novel Microfabricated Capillary Array Electrophoresis Chip Fabricated by Synchrotron Radiation and Direct Observation of Dynamics of DNA Molecules in Microchannels. Proceedings of the mTAS'98 Workshop. 1998;. pp. 331-334 Shinohara S., et al. Performance of Micro-CE Polymer Chip fabricated by x-ray lithography. International Symposium on Microchemistry and Microsystems (ISMM 2001). 2001;. pp. 100-101.
    • (1998) Proceedings of the MTAS'98 Workshop , pp. 331-334
    • Baba, Y.1    Tabata, O.2
  • 216
    • 0348012793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of Micro-CE Polymer Chip fabricated by x-ray lithography
    • Baba Y., Tabata O. Novel Microfabricated Capillary Array Electrophoresis Chip Fabricated by Synchrotron Radiation and Direct Observation of Dynamics of DNA Molecules in Microchannels. Proceedings of the mTAS'98 Workshop. 1998;. pp. 331-334 Shinohara S., et al. Performance of Micro-CE Polymer Chip fabricated by x-ray lithography. International Symposium on Microchemistry and Microsystems (ISMM 2001). 2001;. pp. 100-101.
    • (2001) International Symposium on Microchemistry and Microsystems (ISMM 2001) , pp. 100-101
    • Shinohara, S.1
  • 217
  • 218
    • 0037096177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatography
    • E.B. Overton, K.R. Carney, Portable Gas Chromatograph, US Patent 5,611,846, 1997. Eiceman G.A., et al. Gas chromatography. Anal.Chem.-Colombus. 74:(12):2002;2771-2780.
    • (2002) Anal.Chem.-Colombus , vol.74 , Issue.12 , pp. 2771-2780
    • Eiceman, G.A.1
  • 220
    • 0038029435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • State-of-the-art in microreaction technology: Concepts, manufacturing and applications
    • Lowe H., Ehrfeld W. State-of-the-art in microreaction technology: concepts, manufacturing and applications. Electrochim. Acta. 44:(21-22):1999;3679-3689 Ehrfeld W., Essel V., Lowe H. Microreactors, New Technology for Modern Chemistry. 2000;Wiley-VCH, New York.
    • (1999) Electrochim. Acta , vol.44 , Issue.21-22 , pp. 3679-3689
    • Lowe, H.1    Ehrfeld, W.2
  • 222
    • 0032635688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micro-structured conducting polypyrrole electrodes
    • Rapt P., et al. Micro-structured conducting polypyrrole electrodes. Electrochim. Acta. 44:(20):1999;3483-3489.
    • (1999) Electrochim. Acta , vol.44 , Issue.20 , pp. 3483-3489
    • Rapt, P.1
  • 223
    • 0348012822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • STEAG MicroParts, GmbH: http://www.microparts.de/english/index.html.
  • 224
    • 0346751865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DR. FRITZ FAULHABER GMBH & CO. KG: http://www.faulhaber.de/.
  • 225
    • 0346751864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micromotion: http://www.mikrogetriebe.de/.
    • Micromotion
  • 226
    • 0346121244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mezzo Systems: http://www.mezzosystems.com/.
  • 227
    • 0346751866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AXSUN Technologies: http://www.axsun.com/.
  • 229
    • 0348012792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.sandia.gov/liga.
  • 230
    • 0348012821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensuring Reliability and Repeatability in LIGA Mould Insert Fabrication
    • Cannes-Mandelieu, May
    • J. Schulz, et al., Ensuring Reliability and Repeatability in LIGA Mould Insert Fabrication, to be presented in SPIE, Cannes-Mandelieu, May 2003.
    • (2003) SPIE
    • Schulz, J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.