Nanomechanical resonators and their applications in biological/chemical detection: Nanomechanics principles

Physics Reports

Volumn 503, Issue 4-5, 2011, Pages 115-163

  Eom, Kilho ^a   Park, Harold S ^b   Yoon, Dae Sung ^c   Kwon, Taeyun ^c  

^a Korea University   (South Korea)

^b Boston University   (United States)

^c Yonsei University Wonju   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79955842965     PISSN: 03701573     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.physrep.2011.03.002     Document Type: Review

References (338)

1. Craighead H.G. Science 2000, 290:1532.
2. Roukes M.L. Phys. World 2001, 14:25.
3. Ekinci K.L. Small 2005, 1:786.
4. Rugar D., Budakian R., Mamin H.J., Chui B.W. Nature 2004, 430:329.
5. Budakian R., Mamin H.J., Rugar D. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:113113.
6. Yang Y.T., Callegari C., Feng X.L., Ekinci K.L., Roukes M.L. Nano Lett. 2006, 6:583.
7. Li M., Tang H.X., Roukes M.L. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2:114.
8. Jensen K., Kim K., Zettl A. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3:533.
9. Ilic B., Yang Y., Aubin K., Reichenbach R., Krylov S., Craighead H.G. Nano Lett. 2005, 5:925.
10. Naik A.K., Hanay M.S., Hiebert W.K., Feng X.L., Roukes M.L. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4:445.
11. O'Connell A.D., Hofheinz M., Ansmann M., Bialczak R.C., Lenander M., Lucero E., Neeley M., Sank D., Wang H., Weides M., Wenner J., Martinis J.M., Cleland A.N. Nature 2010, 464:697.
12. Schwab K.C., Roukes M.L. Phys. Today 2005, 58:36.
13. LaHaye M.D., Buu O., Camarota B., Schwab K.C. Science 2004, 304:74.
14. Cleland A.N., Geller M.R. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93:070501.
15. Paul M.R., Clark M.T., Cross M.C. Nanotechnology 2006, 17:4502.
16. Tamayo J., Calleja M., Ramos D., Mertens J. Phys. Rev. B. 2007, 76:180201.
17. Snyder P.W., Lee G., Marszalek P.E., Clark R.L., Toone E.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104:2579.
18. Badzey R.L., Mohanty P. Nature 2005, 437:995.
19. Shim S.-B., Imboden M., Mohanty P. Science 2007, 316:95.
20. Sato M., Hubbard B.E., Sievers A.J., Ilic B., Czaplewski D.A., Craighead H.G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 90:044102.
21. Spletzer M., Raman A., Wu A.Q., Xu X.F., Reifenberger R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88:254102.
22. Kwon T.Y., Eom K., Park J.H., Yoon D.S., Kim T.S., Lee H.L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90:223903.
23. Kwon T., Eom K., Park J., Yoon D.S., Lee H.L., Kim T.S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 93:173901.
24. Kwon T., Park J., Yang J., Yoon D.S., Na S., Kim C.-W., Suh J.S., Huh Y.M., Haam S., Eom K. PLoS ONE 2009, 4:e6248.
25. Burg T.P., Godin M., Knudsen S.M., Shen W., Carlson G., Foster J.S., Babcock K., Manalis S.R. Nature 2007, 446:1066.
26. Campbell G.A., Mutharasan R. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78:2328.
27. Huang X.M.H., Feng X.L., Zorman C.A., Mehregany M., Roukes M.L. N. J. Phys. 2005, 7:247.
28. Husain A., Hone J., Postma H.W.C., Huang X.M.H., Drake T., Barbic M., Scherer A., Roukes M.L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83:1240.
29. Peng H.B., Chang C.W., Aloni S., Yuzvinsky T.D., Zettl A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97:087203.
30. Braun T., Barwich V., Ghatkesar M.K., Bredekamp A.H., Gerber C., Hegner M., Lang H.P. Phys. Rev. E. 2005, 72:031907.
31. Ilic B., Craighead H.G., Krylov S., Senaratne W., Ober C., Neuzil P. J. Appl. Phys. 2004, 95:3694.
32. Ekinci K.L., Huang X.M.H., Roukes M.L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:4469.
33. Greaney P.A., Grossman J.C. Nano Lett. 2008, 8:2648.
34. Stowe T.D., Yasumura K., Kenny T.W., Botkin D., Wago K., Rugar D. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 71:288.
35. Mamin H.J., Rugar D. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79:3358.
36. Arlett J.L., Maloney J.R., Gudlewski B., Muluneh M., Roukes M.L. Nano Lett. 2006, 6:1000.
37. Waggoner P.S., Craighead H.G. Lab Chip 2007, 7:1238.
38. Goeders K.M., Colton J.S., Bottomley L.A. Chem. Rev. 2008, 108:522.
39. Ilic B., Czaplewski D., Zalalutdinov M., Craighead H.G., Neuzil P., Campagnolo C., Batt C. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2001, 19:2825.
40. Davila A.P., Jang J., Gupta A.K., Walter T., Aronson A., Bashir R. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2007, 22:3028.
41. Heath J.R., Davis M.E. Annual Review of Medicine 2008, 59:251.
42. Riehemann K., Schneider S.W., Luger T.A., Godin B., Ferrari M., Fuchs H. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48:872.
43. Wu G.H., Datar R.H., Hansen K.M., Thundat T., Cote R.J., Majumdar A. Nat. Biotechnol. 2001, 19:856.
44. Eom K., Yang J., Park J., Yoon G., Sohn Y., Park S., Yoon D., Na S., Kwon T. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10:4009.
45. Campbell G.A., Mutharasan R. Langmuir 2005, 21:11568.
46. Knowles T.P.J., Shu W., Huber F., Lang H.P., Gerber C., Dobson C.M., Welland M.E. Nanotechnology 2008, 19:384007.
47. Bryan A.K., Goranov A., Amon A., Manalis S.R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2010, 107:999.
48. Hayashi C. Nonlinear Oscillations in Physical Systems 1964, McGraw-Hill, New York.
49. Hale J.K. Oscillations in Nonlinear Systems 1963, McGraw-Hill, New York.
50. Kozinsky I., Postma H.W.C., Bargatin I., Roukes M.L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88:253101.
51. Postma H.W.C., Kozinsky I., Husain A., Roukes M.L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86:223105.
52. Freund L.B., Suresh S. Thin Film Materials 2003, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
53. Young T. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 1805, 95:65.
54. Rayleigh L. Phil. Mag. 1890, 30:285.
55. Shuttleworth R. Proc. Phys. Soc. Lond. Sect. A. 1950, 63:444.
56. Herring C. Phys. Rev. 1951, 82:87.
57. Cammarata R.C. Prog. Surf. Sci. 1994, 46:1.
58. Diao J., Gall K., Dunn M.L. Nature Mater. 2003, 2:656.
59. Park H.S., Gall K., Zimmerman J.A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95:255504.
60. Liang W., Zhou M., Ke F. Nano Lett. 2005, 5:2039.
61. Tamayo J., Ramos D., Mertens J., Calleja M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:224104.
62. Gupta A.K., Nair P.R., Akin D., Ladisch M.R., Broyles S., Alam M.A., Bashir R. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:13362.
63. Lu P., Lee H.P., Lu C., O'Shea S.J. Phys. Rev. B. 2005, 72:085405.
64. Ibach H. Surf. Sci. Rep. 1997, 29:193.
65. Haiss W. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2001, 64:591.
66. Lachut M.J., Sader J.E. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99:206102.
67. Park H.S., Cai W., Espinosa H.D., Huang H. MRS Bull. 2009, 34:178.
68. Landau L.D., Lifshitz E.M. Theory of Elasticity 1986, Butterworth-Heinemann, St. Louis.
69. Timoshenko S.P., Goodier J.N. Theory of Elasticity 1970, McGraw-Hill.
70. Gere J.M. Mechanics of Materials 2003, Thomson Learning.
71. Meirovitch L. Analytical Methods in vibrations 1967, Macmillan, New York.
72. Raman A., Melcher J., Tung R. Nano Today 2008, 3:20.
73. Chen B.Y., Yeh M.K., Tai N.H. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79:1333.
74. Sahin O., Magonov S., Su C., Quate C.F., Solgaard O. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2:507.
75. Husale S., Persson H.H.J., Sahin O. Nature 2009, 462:1075.
76. Dong M., Husale S., Sahin O. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4:514.
77. Kwon T.Y., Park J.H., Kim Y.B., Yoon D.S., Cheon C.I., Lee H.L., Kim T.S. J. Cryst. Growth 2006, 295:172.
78. Kwon T.Y., Kim Y.B., Eom K., Yoon D.S., Lee H.L., Kim T.S. Appl. Phys. A. 2007, 88:627.
79. Park J.H., Kwon T.Y., Yoon D.S., Kim H., Kim T.S. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2005, 15:2021.
80. Yi J.W., Shih W.Y., Shih W.-H. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 91:1680.
81. Masmanidis S.C., Karabalin R.B., De Vlaminck I., Borghs G., Freeman M.R., Roukes M.L. Science 2007, 317:780.
82. Feng X.L., He R., Yang P., Roukes M.L. Nano Lett. 2007, 7:1953.
83. Witkamp B., Poot M., van der Zant H.S.J. Nano Lett. 2006, 6:2904.
84. Sazonova V., Yaish Y., Ustunel H., Roundy D., Arias T.A., McEuen P.L. Nature 2004, 431:284.
85. Bunch J.S., van der Zande A.M., Verbridge S.S., Frank I.W., Tanenbaum D.M., Parpia J.M., Craighead H.G., McEuen P.L. Science 2007, 315:490.
86. Garcia-Sanchez D., van der Zande A.M., Paulo A.S., Lassagne B., McEuen P.L., Bachtold A. Nano Lett. 2008, 8:1399.
87. Poot M., Witkamp B., Otte M.A., van der Zant H.S.J. Phys. Status Solidi (b) 2007, 244:4252.
88. Verbridge S.S., Bellan L.M., Parpia J.M., Craighead H.G. Nano Lett. 2006, 6:2109.
89. Basak S., Raman A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91:064107.
90. Melcher J., Carrasco C., Xu X., Carrascosa J.L., Gomez-Herrero J., de Pablo P.J., Raman A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106:13655.
91. Vancura C., Li Y., Lichtenberg J., Kirstein K.U., Hierlemann A., Josse F. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79:1646.
92. Paul M.R., Cross M.C. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92:235501.
93. Bhiladvala R.B., Wang Z.J. Phys. Rev. E. 2004, 69:036307.
94. Martin M.J., Houston B.H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91:103116.
95. Sader J.E. J. Appl. Phys. 1998, 84:64.
96. Basak S., Raman A., Garimella S.V. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 99:114906.
97. Chon J.W.M., Mulvaney P., Sader J.E. J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 87:3978.
98. Rosenhead L. Laminar Boundary Layers 1963, Claredon Press, Oxford.
99. Kirstein S., Mertesdorf M., Schonhoff M. J. Appl. Phys. 1998, 84:1782.
100. Dareing D.W., Tian F., Thundat T. Ultramicroscopy 2006, 106:789.
101. W.-H. Chu, Tech. Rep. (1963) No. 2, DTMB, Contract Nobs-86936(X), Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX.
102. Ekinci K.L., Roukes M.L. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 2005, 76:061101.
103. Carr D.W., Evoy S., Sekaric L., Craighead H.G., Parpia J.M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75:920.
104. Yasumura K.Y., Stowe T.D., Chow E.M., Pfafman T., Kenny T.W., Stipe B.C., Rugar D. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 2000, 9:117.
105. Evoy S., Olkhovets A., Sekaric L., Parpia J.M., Craighead H.G., Carr D.W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77:2397.
106. Cleland A.N., Roukes M.L. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92:2758.
107. Yang J., Ono T., Esashi M. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 2001, 19:551.
108. Judge J.A., Photiadis D.M., Vignola J.F., Houston B.H., Jarzynski J. J. Appl. Phys. 2007, 101:013521.
109. Wilson-Rae I. Phys. Rev. B. 2008, 77:245418.
110. Cross M.C., Lifshitz R. Phys. Rev. B. 2001, 64:085324.
111. Houston B.H., Photiadis D.M., Marcus M.H., Bucaro J.A., Liu X., Vignola J.F. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80:1300.
112. Lifshitz R., Roukes M.L. Phys. Rev. B. 2000, 61:5600.
113. De S.K., Aluru N.R. Phys. Rev. B. 2006, 74:144305.
114. Parkus H. Thermoelasticity 1968, Blaisdell.
115. Yang J., Ono T., Esashi M. J. Microelectromech. Syst. 2002, 11:775.
116. Henry J.A., Wang Y., Hines M.A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:1765.
117. Wang Y., Henry J.A., Sengupta D., Hines M.A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 85:5736.
118. Henry J.A., Wang Y., Sengupta D., Hines M.A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2007, 111:88.
119. Yun G., Park H.S. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg. 2008, 197:3337.
120. Dai M.D., Eom K., Kim C.-W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95:203104.
121. Verbridge S.S., Shapiro D.F., Craighead H.G., Parpia J.M. Nano Lett. 2007, 7:1728.
122. Southworth D.R., Barton R.A., Verbridge S.S., Ilic B., Fefferman A.D., Craighead H.G., Parpia J.M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102:225503.
123. Verbridge S.S., Parpia J.M., Reichenbach R.B., Bellan L.M., Craighead H.G. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 99:124304.
124. Cimalla V., Foerster C., Will F., Tonisch K., Brueckner K., Stephan R., Hein M.E., Ambacher O., Aperathitis E. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88:253501.
125. Kim S.Y., Park H.S. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101:215502.
126. Kim S.Y., Park H.S. Nano Lett. 2009, 9:969.
127. Datar R., Kim S., Jeon S., Hesketh P., Manalis S., Boisen A., Thundat T. MRS Bull. 2009, 34:449.
128. Mirkin C.A., Niemeyer C.M. Nanobiotechnology II: More Concepts and Applications 2007, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.
129. Rosi N.L., Mirkin C.A. Chem. Rev. 2005, 105:1547.
130. Patolsky F., Zheng G., Lieber C.M. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78:4260.
131. Patolsky F., Timko B.T., Zheng G., Lieber C.M. MRS Bull. 2007, 32:142.
132. Stern E., Klemic J.F., Routenberg D.A., Wyrembak P.N., Turner-Evans D.B., Hamilton A.D., LaVan D.A., Fahmy T.M., Reed M.A. Nature 2007, 445:519.
133. Bashir R. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2004, 56:1565.
134. Stoney G.G. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 1909, 82:172.
135. Zang J., Liu F. Nanotechnology 2007, 18:405501.
136. Berger R., Delamarche E., Lang H.P., Gerber C., Gimzewski J.K., Meyer E., Guntherodt H.J. Science 1997, 276:2021.
137. Han T., Williams J.M., Beebe T.P. Anal. Chim. Acta 1995, 307:365.
138. Hwang K.S., Lee J.H., Park J., Yoon D.S., Park J.H., Kim T.S. Lab. Chip 2004, 4:547.
139. Wu G.H., Ji H.F., Hansen K., Thundat T., Datar R., Cote R., Hagan M.F., Chakraborty A.K., Majumdar A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2001, 98:1560.
140. Stachowiak J.C., Yue M., Castelino K., Chakraborty A., Majumdar A. Langmuir 2006, 22:263.
141. Mertens J., Rogero C., Calleja M., Ramos D., Martin-Gago J.A., Briones C., Tamayo J. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3:301.
142. Zhang J., Lang H.P., Huber F., Bietsch A., Grange W., Certa U., McKendry R., Guntherodt H.J., Hegner M., Gerber C. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2006, 1:214.
143. Pei J.H., Tian F., Thundat T. Anal. Chem. 2004, 76:292.
144. Weizmann Y., Elnathan R., Lioubashevski O., Willner I. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127:12666.
145. Ndieyira J.W., Watari M., Barrera A.D., Zhou D., Vogtli M., Batchelor M., Cooper M.A., Strunz T., Horton M.A., Abell C., Rayment T., Aeppli G., McKendry R.A. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3:691.
146. Chun D.W., Hwang K.S., Eom K., Lee J.H., Cha B.H., Lee W.Y., Yoon D.S., Kim T.S. Sens. Actuat. A 2007, 135:857.
147. Pinnaduwage L.A., Gehl A., Hedden D.L., Muralidharan G., Thundat T., Lareau R.T., Sulchek T., Manning L., Rogers B., Jones M., Adams J.D. Nature 2003, 425:474.
148. Liu W., Montana V., Chapman E.R., Mohideen U., Parpura V. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100:13621.
149. Ilic B., Czaplewski D., Craighead H.G., Neuzil P., Campagnolo C., Batt C. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77:450.
150. Campbell G.A., Mutharasan R. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005, 21:462.
151. Gfeller K.Y., Nugaeva N., Hegner M. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005, 21:528.
152. Nugaeva N., Gfeller K.Y., Backmann N., Lang H.P., Duggelin M., Hegner M. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005, 21:849.
153. Burg T.P., Manalis S.R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83:2698.
154. Dhayal B., Henne W.A., Doorneweerd D.D., Reifenberger R.G., Low P.S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128:3716.
155. Backmann N., Zahnd C., Huber F., Bietsch A., Pluckthun A., Lang H.P., Guntherodt H.J., Hegner M., Gerber C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102:14587.
156. Kramer A., Liashkovich I., Oberleithner H., Ludwig S., Mazur I., Shahin V. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2008, 105:11236.
157. Oberleithner H., Callies C., Kusche-Vihrog K., Schillers H., Shahin V., Riethmuller C., MacGregor G.A., de Wardener H.E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106:2829.
158. Suresh S. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2:748.
159. Cross S.E., Jin Y.-S., Rao J., Gimzewski J.K. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2007, 2:780.
160. Gupta A., Akin D., Bashir R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:1976.
161. Ilic B., Yang Y., Craighead H.G. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85:2604.
162. Carrascosa L.G., Moreno M., Alvarez M., Lechuga L.M. TRAC Trends Anal. Chem. 2006, 25:196.
163. Muller D.J., Dufrene Y.F. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3:261.
164. Lee J.H., Hwang K.S., Park J., Yoon K.H., Yoon D.S., Kim T.S. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2005, 20:2157.
165. Lee J.H., Yoon K.H., Hwang K.S., Park J., Ahn S., Kim T.S. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2004, 20:269.
166. Lee J.H., Kim T.S., Yoon K.H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:3187.
167. Cherian S., Thundat T. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80:2219.
168. Gurtin M.E., Markenscoff X., Thurston R.N. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1976, 29:529.
169. Varshney M., Waggoner P.S., Tan C.P., Aubin K., Montagna R.A., Craighead H.G. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:2141.
170. Waggoner P.S., Varshney M., Craighead H.G. Lab. Chip 2009, 9:3095.
171. Varshney M., Waggoner P.S., Montagna R.A., Craighead H.G. Talanta 2009, 80:593.
172. Maraldo D., Rijal K., Campbell G., Mutharasan R. Anal. Chem. 2007, 79:2762.
173. Fritz J., Baller M.K., Lang H.P., Rothuizen H., Vettiger P., Meyer E., Guntherodt H.J., Gerber C., Gimzewski J.K. Science 2000, 288:316.
174. McKendry R., Zhang J.Y., Arntz Y., Strunz T., Hegner M., Lang H.P., Baller M.K., Certa U., Meyer E., Guntherodt H.J., Gerber C. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:9783.
175. Su M., Li S., Dravid V.P. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82:3562.
176. Zheng M., Eom K., Ke C. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2009, 42:145408.
177. Peterson A.W., Heaton R.J., Georgiadis R.M. Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29:5163.
178. Kodadek T. Nature 2008, 453:861.
179. Smock R.G., Gierasch L.M. Science 2009, 324:198.
180. Weizmann Y., Elnathan R., Lioubashevski O., Willner I. Nano Lett. 2005, 5:741.
181. G. Palasantzas, 2008. arxiv:0808.0401.
182. O. Ergincan, G. Palasantzas, B.J. Kooi, 2010. arxiv:1001.1645.
183. Ru C.Q. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94:051905.
184. G. Palasantzas, 2008. arxiv:0803.4393.
185. Karabacak D.M., Yakhot V., Ekinci K.L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98:254505.
186. Ekinci K.L., Karabacak D.M., Yakhot V. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101:264501.
187. SanPaulo A., Arellano N., Plaza J.A., He R., Carraro C., Maboudian R., Howe R.T., Bokor J., Yang P. Nano Lett. 2007, 7:1100.
188. Karabalin R.B., Cross M.C., Roukes M.L. Phys. Rev. B. 2009, 79:165309.
189. Hwang K.S., Eom K., Lee J.H., Chun D.W., Cha B.H., Yoon D.S., Kim T.S., Park J.H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:173905.
190. Lachut M.J., Sader J.E. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95:193505.
191. Yi X., Duan H.L. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2009, 57:1254.
192. Oden J.T., Reddy J.N. An Introduction to the Mathematical Theory of Finite Elements 1976, John Wiley & Sons.
193. Oden J.T., Becker E.B., Carey G.F. Finite Elements: An Introduction (Volume 1) 1981, Prentice Hall.
194. Greenberg M.D. Foundation of Applied Mathematics 1978, Prentice Hall.
195. He R., Feng X.L., Roukes M.L., Yang P. Nano Lett. 2008, 8:1756.
196. Ustunel H., Roundy D., Arias T.A. Nano Lett. 2005, 5:523.
197. Sapmaz S., Blanter Y.M., Gurevich L., van der Zant H.S.J. Phys. Rev. B. 2003, 67:235414.
198. Nayfeh A.H., Mook D.T. Nonlinear Oscillations 1979, Wiley, New York.
199. Watts D.J., Strogatz S.H. Nature 1998, 393:440.
200. Albert R., Barabasi A.-L. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2002, 74:47.
201. Strogatz S.H. Nature 2001, 410:268.
202. Girvan M., Newman M.E.J. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99:7821.
203. Strogatz S.H. Sync: The Emerging Science of Spontaneous Order 2003, Hyperion, New York.
204. C.S. Peskin, Mathematical Aspects of Heart Physiology, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, 1975.
205. Dermott S.F. Nature 2004, 429:814.
206. Rhoads J.F., Shaw S.W., Turner K.L. J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Control 2010, 132:034001.
207. Cross M.C., Rogers J.L., Lifshitz R., Zumdieck A. Phys. Rev. E. 2006, 73:036205.
208. Cross M.C., Zumdieck A., Lifshitz R., Rogers J.L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93:224101.
209. Arnold V.I. Mathematical Methods of Classical Mechanics 1989, Springer-Verlag, New York.
210. Pikovsky A., Rosenblum M., K.J. Synchronization: A Universal Concept in Nonlinear Sciences 1985, Cambridge University Press, Princeton.
211. Patolsky F., Timko B.P., Yu G.H., Fang Y., Greytak A.B., Zheng G.F., Lieber C.M. Science 2006, 313:1100.
212. Chen Q., Huang L., Lai Y.-C., Grebogi C., Dietz D. Nano Lett. 2010, 10:406.
213. Buks E., Yurke B. Phys. Rev. E. 2006, 74:046619.
214. Courant R., Hilbert D. Methods of Mathematical Physics 1989, Wiley-VCH, New York.
215. Yoon G., Park H.-J., Na S., Eom K. J. Comput. Chem. 2009, 30:873.
216. Han W., Mou J., Sheng J., Yang J., Shao Z. Biochemistry 1995, 34:8215.
217. Lee P.C.Y., Wang Y.S., Markenscoff X. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1975, 57:95.
218. Lagowski J., Gatos H.C., Sproles J.E.S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1975, 26:493.
219. McFarland A.W., Poggi M.A., Doyle M.J., Bottomley L.A., Colton J.S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87:053505.
220. Dorignac J., Kalinowski A., Erramilli S., Mohanty P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96:186105.
221. Timoshenko S. Theory of Plates and Shells 1940, McGraw Hill, New York.
222. Gurtin M.E., Murdoch A.I. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 1975, 57:291.
223. Rice J.R., Chuang T.-J. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1981, 64:46.
224. Cuenot S., Fretigny C., Demoustier-Champagne S., Nysten B. Phys. Rev. B. 2004, 69:165410.
225. Jing G.Y., Duan H.L., Sun X.M., Zhang Z.S., Xu J., Li Y.D., Wang J.X., Yu D.P. Phys. Rev. B. 2006, 73:235409.
226. Wu B., Heidelberg A., Boland J.J. Nat. Mater. 2005, 4:525.
227. Heidelberg A., Ngo L.T., Wu B., Phillips M.A., Sharma S., Kamins T.I., Sader J.E., Boland J.J. Nano Lett. 2006, 6:1101.
228. Petrova H., Perez-Juste J., Zhang Z.Y., Zhang J., Kosel T., Hartland G.V. J. Mater. Chem. 2006, 16:3957.
229. Zijlstra P., Tchebotareva A.L., Chon J.W.M., Gu M., Orrit M. Nano Lett. 2008, 8:3493.
230. Li M., Mayer T.S., Sioss J.A., Keating C.D., Bhiladvala R.B. Nano Lett. 2007, 7:3281.
231. Lee B., Rudd R.E. Phys. Rev. B. 2007, 75:195328.
232. Kulkarni A.J., Zhou M., Ke F.J. Nanotechnology 2005, 16:2749.
233. Broughton J.Q., Meli C.A., Vashishta P., Kalia R.K. Phys. Rev. B. 1997, 56:611.
234. Cao G., Chen X. Phys. Rev. B. 2007, 76:165407.
235. Zhang L., Huang H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:183111.
236. McDowell M.T., Leach A.M., Gall K. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2008, 16:045003.
237. Diao J., Gall K., Dunn M.L. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2004, 52:1935.
238. Zhou L.G., Huang H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:1940.
239. Liang H., Upmanyu M., Huang H. Phys. Rev. B. 2005, 71:241403.
240. Dingreville R., Qu J., Cherkaoui M. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2005, 53:1827.
241. Miller R.E., Shenoy V.B. Nanotechnology 2000, 11:139.
242. Park H.S., Klein P.A. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2008, 56:3144.
243. Wang G.-F., Feng X.-Q. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 90:231904.
244. Wang G.-F., Feng X.-Q. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94:141913.
245. He J., Lilley C.M. Nano Lett. 2008, 8:1798.
246. He J., Lilley C.M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2008, 93:263108.
247. Lamb H. Statics: Including Hydrostatics and the Elements of the Theory of Elasticity 1928, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
248. Batchelor G.K. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics 1967, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
249. Sadeghian H., Goosen J.F.L., Bossche A., van Keulen F. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94:231908.
250. Gavan K.B., Westra H.J.R., van der Drift E.W.J.M., Venstra W.J., van der Zant H.S.J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94:233108.
251. Park H.S. Nanotechnology 2009, 20:115701.
252. Streitz F.H., Cammarata R.C., Sieradzki K. Phys. Rev. B. 1994, 49:10699.
253. He L.H., Lim C.W., Wu B.S. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2004, 41:847.
254. Sharma P., Ganti S., Bhate N. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82:535.
255. Sun C.T., Zhang H. J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 92:1212.
256. Hirth J.P., Lothe J. Theory of Dislocations 1992, Krieger, Malabar, FL.
257. van Heys J., Pehlke E. Phys. Rev. B. 2005, 72:125351.
258. Wang D.F., Ono T., Esashi M. Nanotechnology 2004, 15:1851.
259. Allen M.P., Tildesley D.J. Computer Simulation of Liquids 1987, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
260. Buehler M.J. Atomistic Modeling of Materials Failure 2008, Springer.
261. Eom K. Simulations in Nanobiotechnology 2011, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton.
262. McCammon J.A., Harvey S. Dynamics of Proteins and Nucleic Acids 1987, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
263. Karplus M., Petsko G.A. Nature 1990, 347:631.
264. Jiang H., Yu M.F., Liu B., Huang Y. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 93:185501.
265. Guo W., Guo Y., Gao H., Zheng Q., Zhong W. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91:125501.
266. Zhao Y., Ma C.-C., Chen G., Jiang Q. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91:175504.
267. Huttel A.K., Steele G.A., Witkamp B., Poot M., Kouwenhoven L.P., van der Zant H.S.J. Nano Lett. 2009, 9:2547.
268. Shim S.-B., Chun J.S., Kang S.W., Cho S.W., Cho S.W., Park Y.D., Mohanty P., Kim N., Kim J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91:133505.
269. Zolfagharkhani G., Gaidarzhy A., Shim S.-B., Badzey R.L., Mohanty P. Phys. Rev. B. 2005, 72:224101.
270. Robinson J.T., Zalalutdinov M., Baldwin J.W., Snow E.S., Wei Z., Sheehan P., Houston B.H. Nano Lett. 2008, 8:3441.
271. Jun S. Phys. Rev. B. 2008, 78:073405.
272. Shenoy V.B., Reddy C.D., Ramasubramaniam A., Zhang Y.W. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101:245501.
273. Kim S.Y., Park H.S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 94:101918.
274. Zhang P., Huang Y., Geubelle P.H., Klein P.A., Hwang K.C. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2002, 39:3893.
275. Liu B., Jiang H., Huang Y., Qu S., Yu M.F., Hwang K.C. Phys. Rev. B. 2005, 72:035435.
276. Chen X., Huang Y. J. Engrg. Mech. 2008, 134:211.
277. Tadmor E.B., Ortiz M., Phillips R. Philos. Mag. A-Phys. Condens. Matter Struct. Defect Mech. Prop. 1996, 73:1529.
278. Phillips R., Dittrich M., Schulten K. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 2002, 32:219.
279. Hayes R.L., Fago M., Ortiz M., Carter E.A. Multiscale Model. Simul. 2005, 4:359.
280. Hayes R.L., Ho G., Ortiz M., Carter E.A. Phil. Mag. 2006, 86:2343.
281. Fago M., Hayes R.L., Carter E.A., Ortiz M. Phys. Rev. B. 2004, 70:100102.
282. Zienkiewicz O.C., Taylor R.L. The Finite Element Method: Basic Formulation and Linear Problems 1989, McGraw-Hill, London.
283. Bathe K.-J. Finite Element Procedures 1996, Prentice Hall, Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
284. Shi M.X., Li Q.M., Liu B., Feng X.Q., Huang Y. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2009, 46:4342.
285. Cao G.X., Chen X., Kysar J.W. J. Appl. Phys. 2006, 100:124305.
286. Yang W., Wang R.Z., Song X.M., Wang B., Yan H. Phys. Rev. B. 2007, 75:045425.
287. Longhurst M.J., Quirke N. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 98:145503.
288. Li C., Chou T.-W. Int. J. Solids Struct. 2003, 40:2487.
289. Li C., Chou T.-W. Phys. Rev. B. 2003, 68:073405.
290. Li C., Chou T.-W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:121.
291. Li C., Chou T.-W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 84:5246.
292. Park H.S. J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 103:123504.
293. Park H.S., Klein P.A., Wagner G.J. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engrg. 2006, 68:1072.
294. Park H.S., Klein P.A. Phys. Rev. B. 2007, 75:085408.
295. Park H.S., Klein P.A. Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engrg. 2008, 197:3249.
296. Tang Z., Zhao H., Li G., Aluru N.R. Phys. Rev. B. 2006, 74:064110.
297. Park H.S. J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 104:013516.
298. Yun G., Park H.S. Phys. Rev. B. 2009, 79:195421.
299. Sohn Y.-S., Park J., Yoon G., Jee S.-W., Lee J.-H., Na S., Kwon T., Eom K. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2010, 5:211.
300. Zhu Y., Xu F., Qin Q., Fung W.Y., Lu W. Nano Lett. 2009, 9:3934.
301. Li X., Ono T., Wang Y., Esashi M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83:3081.
302. Kizuka T., Takatani Y., Asaka K., Yoshizaki R. Phys. Rev. B. 2005, 72:035333.
303. Han X.D., Zheng K., Zhang Y.F., Zhang X.N., Zhang Z., Wang Z.Y. Adv. Mater. 2007, 19:2112.
304. Paulo A.S., Bokor J., Howe R.T., He R., Yang P., Gao D., Carraro C., Maboudian R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87:053111.
305. Tabib-Azar M., Nassirou M., Wang R., Sharma S., Kamins T.I., Islam M.S., Williams R.S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 87:113102.
306. Hagan M.F., Majumdar A., Chakraborty A.K. J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106:10163.
307. Dareing D.W., Thundat T. J. Appl. Phys. 2005, 97:043526.
308. Huang G.-Y., Gao W., Yu S.-W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:043506.
309. Eom K., Kwon T.Y., Yoon D.S., Lee H.L., Kim T.S. Phys. Rev. B. 2007, 76:113408.
310. Martinez R.E., Augustyniak W.M., Golovchenko J.A. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1990, 64:1035.
311. Schell-Sorokin A.J., Tromp R.M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1990, 64:1039.
312. Strey H.H., Parsegian V.A., Podgornik R. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1997, 78:895.
313. Strey H.H., Parsegian V.A., Podgornik R. Phys. Rev. E. 1999, 59:999.
314. Zheng M., Jagota A., Semke E.D., Diner B.A., McLean R.S., Lustig S.R., Richardson R.E., Tassi N.G. Nature Mater. 2003, 2:338.
315. Zheng M., Jagota A., Strano M.S., Santos A.P., Barone P., Chou S.G., Diner B.A., Dresselhaus M.S., McLean R.S., Onoa G.B., Samsonidze G.G., Semke E.D., Usrey M., Walls D.J. Science 2003, 302:1545.
316. Chou S.G., Ribeiro H.B., Barros E.B., Santos A.P., Nezich D., Samsonidze G.G., Fantini C., Pimenta M.A., Jorio A., Plentz F., Dresselhaus M.S., Dresselhaus G., Saito R., Zheng M., Onoa G.B., Semke E.D., Swan A.K., Unlu M.S., Goldberg B.B. Chem. Phys. Lett. 2004, 397:296.
317. Tu X., Manohar S., Jagota A., Zheng M. Nature 2009, 460:250.
318. Nel A.E., Madler L., Velegol D., Xia T., Hoek E.M.V., Somasundaran P., Klaessig F., Castranova V., Thompson M. Nat. Mater. 2009, 8:543.
319. Seoanez C., Guinea F., Castro A.H. Neto, Phys. Rev. B. 2008, 77:125107.
320. Waggoner P.S., Craighead H.G. J. Appl. Phys. 2009, 105:054306.
321. Chen C.Q., Shi Y., Zhang Y.S., Zhu J., Yan Y.J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96:075505.
322. Agrawal R., Peng B., Gdoutos E.E., Espinosa H.D. Nano Lett. 2008, 8:3668.
323. Wen B., Sader J.E., Boland J.J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101:175502.
324. Wang G., Li X. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2007, 91:231912.
325. Zheng X., Zhu L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89:153110.
326. Guo Y., Guo W. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2003, 36:805.
327. Finkelmann H., Nishikawa E., Pereira G.G., Warner M. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 87:015501.
328. Qian X.H., Park H.S. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 2010, 58:330.
329. Anetsberger G., Arcizet O., Unterreithmeier Q.P., Riviere R., Schliesser A., Weig E.M., Kotthaus J.P., Kippenberg T.J. Nat. Phys. 2009, 5:909.
330. Zhao M.H., Ye Z.-Z., Mao S.X. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2009, 102:045502.
331. Lassagne B., Tarakanov Y., Kinaret J., Garcia-Sanchez D., Bachtold A. Science 2009, 325:1107.
332. Kim S.Y., Park H.S. Nanotechnology 2010, 21:105710.
333. Shu W.M., Liu D.S., Watari M., Riener C.K., Strunz T., Welland M.E., Balasubramanian S., McKendry R.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127:17054.
334. Sushko M.L., Harding J.H., Shluger A.L., McKendry R.A., Watari M. Adv. Mater. 2008, 20:3848.
335. Sushko M.L. Faraday Discuss. 2009, 143:63.
336. Flory P.J. Principles of Polymer Chemistry 1953, Cornell University Press, New York.
337. Doi M., Edwards S.F. The Theory of Polymer Dynamics 1986, Oxford University Press, New York.
338. Duan H.L., Wang J., Karihaloo B.L. Adv. Appl. Mech. 2008, 42:1.