On the utility of vacancies and tensile strain-induced quality factor enhancement for mass sensing using graphene monolayers

Nanotechnology

Volumn 21, Issue 10, 2010, Pages

  Kim, Sung Youb ^a   Park, Harold S ^b  

^a Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology   (South Korea)

^b UCB 450   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLASSICAL MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; EFFECTIVE MASS; ELEVATED TEMPERATURE; GRAPHENES; HIGHER TEMPERATURES; MASS SENSING; OPERATING TEMPERATURE; Q-FACTORS; QUALITY FACTORS; SINGLE ATOMS; SINGLE VACANCIES; TENSILE MECHANICAL STRAIN;

ATOMS; DIFFUSION; ELECTRON ENERGY LEVELS; GRAPHENE; GRAPHITE; MOLECULAR DYNAMICS; MONOLAYERS; Q FACTOR MEASUREMENT;

TENSILE STRAIN;

EID: 77149132796     PISSN: 09574484     EISSN: 13616528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/10/105710     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Katsnelson M I, Grigorieva I V, Dubonos S V and Firsov AA 2005 Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene Nature 438 197-200
2. Novoselov K S, Jiang D, Schedin F, Booth T J, Khotkevich VV, Morozov S V and Geim A K 2005 Two-dimensional atomic crystals Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 102 10451-3
3. Geim A K and Novoselov K S 2007 The rise of graphene Nat. Mater. 6 183-91
4. Castro Neto A H, Guinea F, Peres N M R, Novoselov K S and Geim A K 2009 The electronic properties of graphene Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 109-62
5. Bunch J S, van der Zande A M, Verbridge S S, Frank I W, Tanenbaum D M, Parpia J M, Craighead H G and McEuen PL 2007 Electromechanical resonators from graphene sheets Science 315 490-3
6. Robinson J T, Zalalutdinov M, Baldwin J W, Snow E S, Wei Z, Sheehan P and Houston B H 2008 Wafer-scale reduced graphene oxide films for nanomechanical devices Nano Lett. 8 3441-5
7. Garcia-Sanchez D, van der Zande A M, San Paulo A, Lassagne B, McEuen P L and Bachtold A 2008 Imaging mechanical vibrations in suspended graphene sheets Nano Lett. 8 1399-403
8. Bunch J S, Verbridge S S, Alden J S, Van Der Zande A M, Parpia J M, Craighead H G and McEuen P L 2008 Impermeable atomic membranes from graphene sheets Nano Lett. 8 2458-62
9. Poncharal P, Wang Z L, Ugarte D and de Heer W A 1999 Electrostatic deflections and electromechanical resonances of carbon nanotubes Science 283 1513-6
10. Kong J, Franklin N R, Zhou C, Chapline M G, Peng S, Cho K and Dai H 2000 Nanotube molecular wires as chemical sensors Science 287 622-5
11. Peng H B, Chang C W, Aloni S, Yuzvinsky T D and Zettl A 2006 Ultrahigh frequency nanotube resonators Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 087203
12. Jensen K, Kim K and Zettl A 2008 An atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 533-7
13. Chiu H-Y, Hung P, Postma H W Ch and Bockrath M 2008 Atomic-scale mass sensing using carbon nanotube resonators Nano Lett. 8 4342-6
14. Ekinci K L and Roukes M L 2005 Nanoelectromechanical systems Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76 061101
15. Yang Y T, Callegari C, Feng X L, Ekinci K L and Roukes ML 2006 Zeptogram-scale nanomechanical mass sensing Nano Lett. 6 583-6
16. Ilic B, Craighead H G, Krylov S, Senaratne W, Ober C and Neuzil P 2004 Attogram detection using nanoelectromechanical oscillators J. Appl. Phys. 95 3694-703
17. Lee C, Wei X, Kysar J W and Hone J 2008 Measurement of the elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene Science 321 385-8
18. Robinson J T, Perkins F K, Snow E S, Wei Z and Sheehan P E 2008 Reduced graphene oxide molecular sensors Nano Lett. 8 3137-40
19. Ekinci K L, Yang Y T and Roukes M L 2004 Ultimate limits to inertial mass sensing based upon nanoelectromechanical systems J. Appl. Phys. 95 2682-9
20. Tamayo J, Ramos D, Mertens J and Calleja M 2006 Effects of the adsorbate stiffness on the resonance response of microcantilever sensors Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 224104
21. Li C and Chou T-W 2004 Mass detection using carbon nanotube-based nanomechanical resonators Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 5246-8
22. Sakhaee-Pour A, Ahmadian M T and Vafai A 2008 Applications of single-layered graphene sheets as mass sensors and atomistic dust detectors Solid State Commun. 145 168-72 (Pubitemid 350235011)
23. Kim S Y and Park H S 2009 The importance of edge effects on the intrinsic loss mechanisms of graphene nanoresonators Nano Lett. 9 969-74
24. Kim S Y and Park H S 2009 Multilayer friction and attachment effects on energy dissipation in graphene nanoresonators Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 101918
25. Brenner D W, Shenderova O A, Harrison J A, Stuart S J, Ni B and Sinnott S B 2002 A second-generation reactive empirical bond order (REBO) potential energy expression for hydrocarbons J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 783-802
26. Anton R and Schneidereit I 1998 In situ TEM investigations of dendritic growth of Au particles on HOPG Phys. Rev. B 58 13874-81
27. Anton R and Kreutzer P 2000 In situ TEM evaluation of the growth kinetics of Au particles on highly oriented pyrolithic graphite at elevated temperatures Phys. Rev. B 61 16077-83
28. Akola J and Hakkinen H 2006 Density functional study of gold atoms and clusters on a graphite (0001) surface with defects Phys. Rev. B 74 165404
29. Malola S, Hakkinen H and Koskinen P 2009 Gold in graphene: in-plane adsorption and diffusion Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 043106
30. Cai J and Ye Y Y 1996 Simple analytical embedded-atom-potential model including a long-range force for fcc metals and their alloys Phys. Rev. B 54 8398-410
31. Hoover W G 1985 Canonical dynamics: equilibrium phase-space distributions Phys. Rev. A 31 1695-7
32. Verbridge S S, Shapiro D F, Craighead H G and Parpia J M 2007 Macroscopic tuning of nanomechanics: substrate bending for reversible control of frequency and quality factor of nanostring resonators Nano Lett. 7 1728-35
33. Kim S Y and Park H S 2008 Utilizing mechanical strain to mitigate the intrinsic loss mechanisms in oscillating metal nanowires Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 215502
34. Dai M C, Eom K and Kim C-W 2009 Nanomechanical mass detection using nonlinear oscillations Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 203104
35. Verbridge S S, Parpia J M, Reichenbach R B, Bellan L M and Craighead H G 2006 High quality factor resonance at room temperature with nanostrings under high tensile stress J. Appl. Phys. 99 124304
36. Jiang H, Yu M F, Liu B and Huang Y 2004 Intrinsic energy loss mechanisms in a cantilevered carbon nanotube beam oscillator Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 185501
37. Evoy S, Olkhovets A, Sekaric L, Parpia J M, Craighead HG and Carr D W 2000 Temperature-dependent internal friction in silicon nanoelectromechanical systems Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 2397-9
38. Roukes M L 2001 Nanomechanical systems face the future Phys. World 14 25-31
39. Carr D W, Evoy S, Sekaric L, Craighead H G and Parpia J M 1999 Measurement of mechanical resonance and losses in nanometer scale silicon wires Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 920-2
40. Belytschko T, Xiao S P, Schatz G C and Ruoff R S 2002 Atomistic simulations of nanotube fracture Phys. Rev. B 65 235430
41. Liu F, Ming P and Li J 2007 Ab initio calculation of ideal strength and phonon instability of graphene under tension Phys. Rev. B 76 064120
42. Ni Z H, Yu T, Lu Y H, Wang Y Y, Feng Y P and Shen Z X 2008 Uniaxial strain on graphene: Raman spectroscopy study and band-gap opening ACS Nano 2 2301-5