Mechanisms of β-amyloid neurotoxicity: Perspectives of pharmacotherapy

Reviews in the Neurosciences

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 329-382

  Harkany, T ^a   Abraham, I ^a   Konya, C ^a   Nyakas, C ^a   Zarandi, M ^a   Penke, B ^a   Luiten, P G M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

amyloid; Anti amyloid peptide; Calcium; Drug delivery; Excitotoxicity; Oxidative stress

Indexed keywords

2 DIPROPYLAMINO 8 HYDROXYTETRALIN; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTOR AGONIST; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN ANTIBODY; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE; CORTICOSTERONE; GLUCOCORTICOID; IFENPRODIL; N [2 [4 (2 METHOXYPHENYL) 1 PIPERAZINYL]ETHYL] N (2 PYRIDYL)CYCLOHEXANECARBOXAMIDE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID; NORADRENALIN; PROPENTOFYLLINE; PROPIONYLISOLEUCYLISOLEUCYLGLYCYLLEUCINE; PROTEIN ANTIBODY; REPINOTAN; SEROTONIN 1A AGONIST; TETRAPEPTIDE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMAL TISSUE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG RECEPTOR BINDING; NEUROPROTECTION; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN AGGREGATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX; TRANSGENIC ANIMAL;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN; APOPTOSIS; CALCIUM CHANNELS; CALCIUM SIGNALING; FREE RADICALS; HUMANS; NEURONS; NEUROTOXINS; NOOTROPIC AGENTS; OXIDATIVE STRESS; SENILE PLAQUES;

EID: 0033740610     PISSN: 03341763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (448)

1. Administration of amyloid β-peptides into the medial septum of rats decreases acetylcholine release from hippocampus in vivo
2. Chronic corticosterone administration dose-dependently modulates Aβ(1-42)- and NMDA-induced neurodegeneration in rat magnocellular nucleus basalis
3. Effect of corticosterone and adrenalectomy on NMDA-induced cholinergic cell death in rat magnocellular nucleus basalis
4. Agonist stimulation of the serotonin(1A) receptor causes suppression of anoxia-induced apoptosis via mitogen-activated protein kinase in neuronal HN2-5 cells
5. The 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist Bay X 3702 inhibits apoptosis induced by serum deprivation in cultured neurons
6. Depletion of intracellular zinc induces protein synthesis-dependent neuronal apoptosis in mouse cortical cultures
7. Amyloid β-peptide stimulates nitric oxide production in astrocytes through an NFκB-dependent mechanism
8. β-Amyloid-induced apoptosis of cerebellar granule cells and cortical neurons: Exacerbation by selective inhibition of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors
9. Inhibition of τ phosphorylating protein kinase cdk5 prevents β-amyloid-induced neuronal death
10. Uber eine eigenartige erkrankung der hirnrinde
11. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative diseases of aging
12. Intravascular β-amyloid infusion increases blood pressure: Implications for a vasoactive role of β-amyloid in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
13. β-Amyloid peptide fragment 25-35 potentiates the calcium-dependent release of excitatory amino acids from depolarized hippocampal slices
14. 2+ interaction with Alzheimer amyloid β protein calcium channels
15. Alzheimer disease amyloid β protein forms calcium channels in bilayer membranes: Blockade by tromethamine and aluminum
16. Dramatic aggregation of Alzheimer Aβ by Cu(II) is induced by conditions representing physiological acidosis
17. β-Amyloid peptides as direct cholinergic neuromodulators: A missing link?
18. Modulation of intracellular formation of reactive oxygen intermediates in peritoneal macrophages and microglia/brain macrophages by propentofylline
19. Interactions of β-amyloids with the blood-brain barrier
20. 2+ accumulation
21. Solution structures of β peptide and its constituent fragments: Relation to amyloid deposition
22. Combination therapy with MK-801 and α-tert-butyl-nitrone enhances protection against ischemic neuronal damage in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures
23. The cholinergic hypothesis of geriatric memory dysfunction
24. Amyloid β-protein toxicity and oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease
25. Effects of glucocorticoids on oxidative stree-induced hippocampal cell death: Implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
26. Alzheimer's disease and oxidative stress: Implications for novel therapeutic approaches
27. Amyloid β peptide induces necrosis rather than apoptosis
28. Hydrogen peroxide mediates amyloid β protein toxicity
29. Glucocorticoids enhance oxidative stress-induced cell death in hippocampal neurons in vitro
30. Neuroprotection against oxidative stress by estrogens: Structure-activity relationship
31. The impact of selenium supplementation on mood
32. Detection of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease by magnetic resonance microscopy
33. Calcium - A life and death signal
34. Simulation of cortical cholinergic deficits - A novel experimental approach to study pathogenetic aspects of Alzheimer's disease
35. 4-Hydroxynonenal, a lipid peroxidation product, impairs glutamate transport in cortical astrocytes
36. Amyloid β-peptide induces cell monolayer albumin permeability, impairs glucose transport, and induces apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells
37. Potentiation of β-folding of β-amyloid peptide 25-35 by aluminum salts
38. Apoptosis and necrosis: Two distinct events induced respectively by mild and intense insults with NMDA or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures
39. Copper inhibits β-amyloid production and stimulates the non-amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid-precursor-protein secretion
40. Diagnostic criteria for neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease
41. Age-related toxicity to lactate, glutamate and β-amyloid in cultured adult neurons
42. 4-Hydroxynonenal, a product of lipid peroxidation, damages cholinergic neurons and impairs visuospatial memory in rats
43. AMPA antagonists: Do they hold more promise for clinical stroke than NMDA antagonists?
44. Assembly and aggregation properties of synthetic Alzheimer's A4/β amyloid peptide analogs
45. A possible role of zinc in the pathology of dementia
46. Generation of β-amyloid in the secretory pathway in neuronal and nonneuronal cells
47. β-Amyloid peptide free radical fragments initiate synaptosomal lipoperoxidation in a sequence-specific fashion: Implications to Alzheimer's disease
48. Elevated oxidative stress in models of normal brain aging and Alzheimer's disease
49. Processing of Alzheimer β/A4 amyloid precursor protein: Modulation by agents that regulate protein phosphorylation
50. Oxidative stress after acute and chronic application of β-amyloid fragment 25-35 in cortical cultures
51. Mitochondrial control of apoptosis: The role of cytochrome c
52. Caspase activation involves the formation of the aposome, a large (~700 kDa) caspase-activating complex
53. Neuronal overexpression of mutant amyloid precursor protein results in prominent deposition of cerebrovascular amyloid
54. 3H]MK-801 binding to rat cortical membranes in the presence of glutamate and glycine
55. The protective effect of vitamin E, idebenone and reduced glutathione on free radical mediated injury in rat brain synaptosomes
56. WAY 100635, a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist, prevents the impairment of spatial learning caused by blockade of hippocampal NMDA receptors
57. Morphological, biochemical and behavioural changes induced by neurotoxic and inflammatory insults to the nucleus basalis
58. Evidence for caspase-mediated cleavage of AMPA receptor subunits in neuronal apoptosis and Alzheimer's disease
59. Caspase and calpain substrates: Roles in synaptic plasticity and cell death
60. Processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein and its regulation in Alzheimer's disease
61. Presenilins: Structural aspects and post-translational events
62. Neurodegenerative Alzheimer-like pathology in PGAPP 717V→F transgenic mice
63. Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
64. Amyloidogenic processing of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein in vitro and its modulation by metal ions and tacrine
65. Potent neuro-protective properties againts the Alzheimer β-amyloid by an endogeneous melatonin-related indole structure, indole-3-propionic acid
66. Cloning and characterization of χ-1: A developmentally regulated member of a novel class of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family
67. Mutation of the β-amyloid precursor protein in familial Alzheimer's disease increases β-protein production
68. Generation of amyloid β protein from its precursor is sequence specific
69. Mutant presenilins of Alzheimer's disease increase production of 42-residue amyloid β-protein in both transfected cells and transgenic mice
70. The pharmacology of mercury compounds
71. Glutamatergic neurotransmission in Alzheimer's disease
72. Regional distribution of pre- and postsynaptic glutamatergic function in Alzheimer's disease
73. Presynaptic and postsynaptic glutamatergic function in Alzheimer's disease
74. 3H]MK-801 binding to rat cortical membranes
75. β-Amyloid peptides enhance binding of the calcium mobilising second messengers, inositol-(1,4,5)trisphosphate and inositol-(1,3,4,5)tetrakisphosphate to their receptor sites in rat cortical membranes
76. Effects of β-amyloid-(25-35) peptides on radioligand binding to excitatory amino acid receptors and voltage-dependent calcium channels: Evidence for a selective affinity for the glutamate and glycine recognition sites of the NMDA receptor
77. Aluminum distribution in Alzheimer's disease and experimental neuro-fibrillary degeneration
78. Molecular genetics of Alzheimer's disease
79. The effects of the 5-HT(1A) agonist flesinoxan, in three paradigms for assessing antidepressant potential in the rat
80. Zinc metabolism in the brain: Relevance to human neurodegenerative disorders
81. Increased NMDA current and spine density in mice lacking the NMDA receptor subunit NR3A
82. Alzheimer's disease: Seeking new ways to preserve brain function
83. Pathogenic amyloid β-protein induces apoptosis in cultured human cerebrovascular smooth muscle cells
84. Age-related cognitive deficits, impaired long-term potentiation and reduction in synaptic marker density in mice lacking the β-amyloid precursor protein
85. Clinical trials with neuroprotective drugs in acute ischaemic stroke: Are we doing the right thing?
86. Structure of the Alzheimer β-amyloid peptide (25-35) and its interaction with negatively charged phospholipid vesicles
87. In vitro aggregation facilitates β-amyloid peptide-(25-35)-induced amnesia in the rat
88. Trojan peptides: The penetratin system for intracellular delivery
89. BAY X 3702: Neuro-protectant 5-HT(1A) agonist
90. Pathobiology of ischaemic stroke: An integrated view
91. Behavioral disturbances in transgenic mice overexpressing the V717F β-amyloid precursor protein
92. Sodium salicylate and 17β-estradiol attenuate nuclear transcription factor NF-κB translocation in cultured rat astroglial cultures following exposure to amyloid Aβ(1-42) and lipopolysaccharides
93. Death and the cell
94. Stimulation of the 5-HT(1A) receptor selectively suppresses NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic excitation in the rat visual cortex
95. Scavenger receptor-mediated adhesion of microglia to β-amyloid
96. Gene induction and neuronal apoptosis
97. 1 receptors in the human brain: A quantitative auto-radiograohic study
98. Modified-peptide inhibitors of amyloid β-peptide polymerization
99. Age-related changes in footshock avoidance acquisition and retention in senescence accelerated mouse (SAM)
100. Topography of a binding site for small amnestic peptides deduced from structure-activity studies: Relation to amnestic effect of amyloid β protein
101. Apoptosis-mediated neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid and PrP fragments
102. pH-dependent structural transitions of Alzheimer amyloid peptides
103. Nomenclature and classification of purinoceptors
104. Serotonergic control of the hippocampus via local inhibitory interneurons
105. Catecholamines potentiate amyloid β-peptide neurotoxicity: Involvement of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and perturbed calcium homeostasis
106. Alzheimer-type neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F β-amyloid precursor protein
107. Soluble amyloid Aβ-(1-40) exists as a stable dimer at low concentrations
108. Binding of Zn(II), Cu(II), and Fe(II) ions to Alzheimer's Aβ peptide studied by fluorescence
109. Key features for the diagnosis and treatment of amyloidosis in animals
110. Trace metals, aging and immunity
111. Aging renders the brain vulnerable to amyloid β-protein neurotoxicity
112. A strategy for designing inhibitors of β-amyloid toxicity
113. An electron microscopic study of inclusion bodies in synaptic terminals of scrapie-infected animals
114. Aging processes, DNA damage, and repair
115. Differential effects of amyloid peptides β-(1-40) and β-(25-35) injections into the rat nucleus basalis
116. Long-term changes in the aggregation state and toxic effects of β-amyloid injected into the rat brain
117. Amyloid deposits and amyloidosis. The β-fibrilloses (Part I and II)
118. β-Pleated sheet fibrils
119. Alzheimer's disease: Initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein
120. Estrogens attenuate and corticosterone exacerbates excito-toxicity, oxidative injury, and amyloid β-peptide toxicity in hippocampal neurons
121. + channel openers protect hippocampal neurons against oxidative injury and amyloid β-peptide toxicity
122. Ten to fourteen residue peptides of Alzheimer's disease protein are sufficient for amyloid fibril formation and its characteristic X-ray diffraction pattern
123. Estradiol protects against β-amyloid(25-35)-induced toxicity in SK-N-SH human neuroblastoma cells
124. Excitatory amino acids and Alzheimer's disease
125. Neuroprotection of mild hypothermia: Differential effects
126. Low concentrations of estradiol reduce β-amyloid(25-35)-induced toxicity, lipid peroxidation and glucose utilization in human SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells
127. Glial-neuronal interactions in Alzheimer's disease: The potential role of a 'cytokine cycle' in disease progression
128. Generalized Aβ-amyloidosis in a bat
129. Progress toward valid transgenic mouse models for Alzheimer's disease
130. Cytotoxicity of β-amyloid peptide 25-35 on vascular smooth muscle cells and attenuation by vitamin E
131. The presenilins in Alzheimer's disease - Proteolysis holds the key
132. Normal cellular processing of the β-amyloid precursor protein results in the secretion of the amyloid β peptide and related molecules
133. Amyloid β-peptide is produced by cultured cells during normal metabolism
134. Cellular processing of β-amyloid precursor protein and the genesis of amyloid β-peptide
135. Molecular determinants of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease: Conformational studies of synthetic β-protein fragments
136. Age-related changes in blood pressure in the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM): Aged SAMP1 mice manifest hypertensive vascular disease
137. Activation of cascapse-3 in β-amyloid-induced apoptosis of cultured rat cortical neurons
138. Genetic dissection of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: Amyloid and its relationship to tau
139. Propionyl-IIGL tetrapeptide antagonizes β-amyloid excito-toxicity in rat nucleus basalis
140. β-Amyloid neurotoxicity is mediated by a glutamate-triggered excitotoxic cascade in rat nucleus basalis
141. β-Amyloid((1·42)) affects cholinergic but not parvalbumin-containing neurons in the septal complex of the rat
142. 2+ antagonist nimodipine protects against excitotoxic lesion-induced increased amyloid precursor protein expression and serotonergic sprouting in rat nucleus basalis
143. Neuroprotective approaches in experimental models of β-amyloid neurotoxicity: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease
144. 1 muscarinic receptors in rat brain
145. Cholinotoxic effects of β-amyloid((1·42)) peptide on cortical projections of the rat nucleus basalis magnocellularis
146. N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 and radical scavengers protect cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons against β-amyloid neurotoxicity
147. β-Amyloid-induced cholinergic lesions to the rat nucleus basalis bi-directinally modulate serotonergic activity in basal forebrain and cerebral cortex
148. 24)25-35 in rat nucleus basalis induces behavioral dysfunctions, impairs learning and memory and disrupts cortical cholinergic innervation
149. β-Amyloid excitotoxicity in rat magnocellular nucleus basalis: Effect of cortical deafferentation on cerebral blood flow regulation and implications for Alzheimer's disease
150. Models of amyloid seeding in Alzheimer's disease and scrapie: Mechanistic truths and physiological consequences of the time-dependent solubility of amyloid proteins
151. Atomic force microscopic imaging of seeded fibril formation and fibril branching by the Alzheimer's disease amyloid-β protein
152. Observation of metastable Aβ amyloid protofibrils by atomic force microscopy
153. +-dependent glutamate uptake in rat hippocampal astrocyte cultures
154. Protofibrillar intermediates of amyloid β-protein induce acute electrophysiological changes and progressive neurotoxicity in cortical neurons
155. Twenty-four hour cortisol release profiles in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease compared to normal controls: Ultradian secretory pulsatility and diurnal variation
156. Selective in vivo fluorescence labelling of cholinergic neurons containing p75(NTR) in the basal forebrain
157. A model for β-amyloid aggregation and neurotoxicity based on free radical generation by the peptide: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease
158. A combinatorial approach to the identification of dipeptide aldehyde inhibitors of β-amyloid production
159. Aggregation and secondary structure of synthetic amyloid βA4 peptides of Alzheimer's disease
160. Substitutions of hydrophobic amino acids reduce the amyloidogenicity of Alzheimer's disease βA4 peptides
161. Alzheimer amyloid Aβ1-42 channels: Effects of solvent, pH, and Congo Red
162. Behavioral changes in transgenic mice expressing both amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1: Lack of association with amyloid deposits
163. Possible causes of Alzheimer's disease: Amyloid fragments, free radicals and calcium homeostasis
164. Neurotrophin-mediated neuroprotection by solid fetal telencephalic graft in middle cerebral artery occlusion: A preventive approach
165. Immune responses in newly developed short-lived SAM mice. 1. Age-associated early decline in immune activities of cultured spleen cells
166. Aggregation state and neurotoxic properties of Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide
167. Inhibition of fibril formation in β-amyloid peptide by a novel series of benzofurans
168. Plaque-independent disruption of neural circuits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models
169. The Aβ peptide of Alzheimer's disease directly produces hydrogen peroxide through metal ion reduction
170. Zinc-induced Alzheimer's Aβ1-40 aggregation is mediated by conformational factors
171. Elimination of the class A scavenger receptor does not affect amyloid plaque formation or neurodegeneration in transgenic mice expressing human amyloid protein precursors
172. SOD1 rescues cerebral endothelial dysfunction in mice overexpressing amyloid precursor protein
173. Cellular and molecular basis of estrogen's neuroprotection. Potential relevance to Alzheimer's disease
174. Neuropathological changes in the nucleus basalis correlate with clinical measures of dementia
175. Calcium mobilization evoked by amyloid β-protein involves inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate production in human platelets
176. Impairments of long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices of β-amyloid-infused rats
177. β-Amyloid induces local neurite degeneration in cultured hippocampal neurons: Evidence for neuritic apoptosis
178. Neuronal apoptosis induced by β-amyloid is mediated by caspase 8
179. 1-receptors in the perforant pathway terminal zone in Alzheimer hippocampus
180. Estrogen regulates metabolism of Alzheimer amyloid β precursor protein
181. β-Amyloid (1-42) peptide impairs blood-brain barrier function after intracarotid infusion in rats
182. Amyloid fibril formation requires a chemically discriminating nucleation event: Studies of an amyloidogenic sequence from the bacterial protein OsmB
183. Seeding 'one-dimensional crystallization' of amyloid: A pathogenic mechanism in Alzheimer's disease and scrapie?
184. Steroid hormones and excitability in the mammalian brain
185. Conservation of the sequence of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid peptide in dog, polar bear and five other mammals by cross-species polymerase chain reaction analysis
186. A central role for astrocytes in the inflammatory response to β-amyloid; chemokines, cytokines and reactive oxygen species are produced
187. Amyloid β protein fragment 25-35 causes activation of cytoplasmic calcium in neurons
188. Accumulation of the β amyloid precursor protein at sites of ischemic injury in rat brain
189. Transcription factor NF-κB is activated in primary neurons by amyloid β peptides and in neurons surrounding early plaques from patients with Alzheimer disease
190. Inhibition of NF-κB potentiates amyloid β-mediated neuronal apoptosis
191. The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor
192. Amyloid β-peptide inhibits high-affinity choline uptake and acetylcholine release in rat hippocampal slices
193. β-Amyloid-related peptides inhibit potassium-evoked acetylcholine release from rat hippocampal slices
194. The cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease
195. 2+-sensitive, cation-selective channels across excised membrane patches from hypothalamic neurons
196. +-ATPase activity, glucose transport, and glutamate transport induced by amyloid β-peptide and iron
197. 4-Hydroxynonenal increases neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress
198. Roles of lipid peroxidation in modulation of cellular signaling pathways, cell dysfunction, and death in the nervous system
199. Alterations in the ryanodine receptor calcium release channel correlate with Alzheimer's disease neurofibrillary and β-amyloid pathologies
200. Amyloid β-peptide disrupts carbachol-induced muscarinic cholinergic signal transduction in cortical neurons
201. Mechanisms underlying the vascular activity of β-amyloid fragment (βA(4)25-35) at the level of skin vasculature
202. Pharmacological and immunohistochemical evidence for serotonergic modulation of cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons
203. Serotonin(1A) receptors are expressed by a subpopulation of cholinergic neurons in the rat medial septum and diagonal band of Broca - A double immunocytochemical study
204. Effects of nicotinic receptor agonists on β-amyloid β-sheet formation
205. c-Jun contributes to amyloid β-induced neuronal apoptosis but is not necessary for amyloid β-induced c-jun induction
206. Cation selective channels formed by a C-terminal fragment of β-amyloid precursor protein
207. Amyloid β-protein activates tachykinin receptors and inositol trisphosphate accumulation by synergy with glutamate
208. Progressive and gender-dependent cognitive impairment in the APP(SW) transgenic mouse model for Alzheimer's disease
209. Glutamate-stimulated secretion of amyloid precursor protein from cortical rat brain slices
210. Synthetic peptide homologous to β protein from Alzheimer's disease forms amyloid-like fibrils in vitro
211. β-Amyloid protein increases the vulnerability of cultured cortical neurons to excitotoxic damage
212. Amyloid diseases: Abnormal protein aggregation in neurodegeneration
213. Vitamin E protects against Alzheimer's amyloid peptide (25-35)-induced changes in neocortical synaptosomal membrane lipid structure and composition
214. An in vivo model for the neurodegenerative effects of β amyloid and protection by substance P
215. β-Amyloid binds to p75NTR and activates NFκB in human neuroblastoma cells
216. NMDA-dependent superoxide production and neurotoxicity
217. The 'nonamyloidogenic' p3 fragment (amyloid β17-42) is a major constituent of Down's syndrome cerebellar preamyloid
218. Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligand derived from Aβ1-42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins
219. The role of glucocorticoids in brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease: An integrative physiological hypothesis
220. Mechanism of neuronal death and Alzheimer's disease: Role of endocrine-mediated calcium dyshomeostasis
221. 25-35 induced neurite outgrowth inhibition in vitro
222. Hypothesis: Amyloid β-peptides truncated at the N-terminus contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
223. Alterations in synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices from young and aged PDAPP mice
224. 2+](i) in rat astrocytes
225. +-dependent glutamate uptake
226. Cell death induced by β-amyloid 1-40 in MES 23.5 hybrid clone: The role of nitric oxide and NMDA-gated channel activation leading to apoptosis
227. Chronic elevation of amyloid precursor protein expression in the neocortex and hippocampus of rats with selective cholinergic lesions
228. Caspase-6 role in apoptosis of human neurons, amyloidogenesis, and Alzheimer's disease
229. Histochemically reactive zinc in plaques of the Swedish mutant β-amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice
230. The changing landscape of ischaemic brain injury mechanisms
231. High constitutive NF-κB activity mediates resistance to oxidative stress in neuronal cells
232. Suppression of an amyloid β peptide-mediated calcium channel response by a secreted β-amyloid precursor protein
233. Glutamate transporter alterations in Alzheimer disease are possibly associated with abnormal APP expression
234. 2+-sensitive channel in reconstituted lipid vesicles
235. Neurotransmitter regulation of neuronal outgrowth, plasticity and survival
236. Shakespeare in love - With NMDA receptors?
237. Mechanisms of disease: Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders
238. Apoptosis is induced by β-amyloid in cultured nervous system neurons
239. Protection against amyloid β peptide toxicity by zinc
240. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent
241. Cortical projection patterns of magnocellular basal nucleus subdivisions as revealed by anterogradely transported Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin
242. Physiological levels of β-amyloid peptide promote PC12 cell proliferation
243. Human blood-brain barrier receptors for Alzheimer's amyloid-β 1-40. Asymmetrical binding, endocytosis, and transcytosis at the apical side of brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayer
244. Cerebrovascular accumulation and increased blood-brain barrier permeability to circulating Alzheimer's amyloid β peptide in aged squirrel monkey with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
245. Regulation of the NMDA receptor by redox phenomena: Inhibitory role of ascorbate
246. 2+ deregulation, and cytoskeletal pathology
247. A role for 4-hydroxynonenal, an aldehydic product of lipid peroxidation, in disruption of ion homeostasis and neuronal death induced by amyloid β-peptide
248. Amyloid β-peptide impairs glucose transport in hippocampal and cortical neurons: Involvement of membrane lipid peroxidation
249. Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease
250. Brain trace element concentrations in aging
251. The possible role of the immune system in Alzheimer's disease
252. Caspase dependent DNA fragmentation might be associated with excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease
253. Amyloid precursor proteins protect neurons of transgenic mice against acute and chronic excitotoxic injuries in vivo
254. Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome
255. Interactions of amyloid β-peptide (1-40) with ganglioside-containing membranes
256. Cellular actions of β-amyloid precursor protein and its soluble and fibrillogenic derivatives
257. Modification of ion homeostasis by lipid peroxidation: Roles in neuronal degeneration and adaptive plasticity
258. 2+ homeostasis in Alzheimer's disease
259. β-Amyloid peptides destabilize calcium homeostasis and render human cortical neurons vulnerable to excitotoxicity
260. Activation of NF-κB protects hippocampal neurons against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis: Evidence for induction of manganese superoxide dismutase and suppression of peroxynitrite production and protein tyrosine nitration
261. Calcium-destabilizing and neurodegenerative effects of aggregated β-amyloid peptide are attenuated by basic FGF
262. Reversion of β 25-35 amyloid peptide-induced amnesia by NMDA receptor-associated glycine site agonists
263. Adrenal steroid receptors and actions in the nervous system
264. The importance of inflammatory mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease
265. Amyloid phenotype characterization of transgenic mice overexpressing both mutant amyloid precursor protein and mutant presenilin 1 genes
266. Glucocorticoids may alter antioxidant enzyme capacity in the brain: Kainic acid studies
267. Glucocorticoids may alter antioxidant enzyme capacity in the brain: Baseline studies
268. The neurotoxicity of amyloid β protein in aged primates
269. Interactions of Alzheimer amyloid-β peptides with glycosaminoglycans. Effects on fibril nucleation and growth
270. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is increased in Alzheimer's disease
271. Neuropharmacologic aspects of apoptosis: Significance for neurodegenerative diseases
272. Amyloid-β binds catalase with high affinity and inhibits hydrogen peroxide breakdown
273. Channel formation in planar bilayers by a neurotoxic fragment of the β-amyloid peptide
274. Animal model of brain aging: Senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)
275. Glucocorticoids differentially increase nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in the rat brain
276. Premature death in transgenic mice that overexpress a mutant amyloid precursor protein is preceded by severe neurodegeneration and apoptosis
277. 2+] in hippocampal neurons
278. Differential effects of apolipoprotein E isoforms on metal-induced aggregation of Aβ using physiological concentrations
279. Estrogen blocks neurotoxic effects of β-amyloid(1-42) and induces neurite extension on B 103 cells
280. Co-injection of β-amyloid with ibotenic acid induces synergistic loss of rat hippocampal neurons
281. Vitamin E and vitamin C supplement use and risk of incident Alzheimer disease
282. Amyloid deposits and loss of neurones in the claustrum of the dog
283. The amyloid precursor protein is developmentally regulated and correlated with synaptogenesis
284. Cortical neurons express nerve growth factors in advanced age and Alzheimer's disease
285. Acetylcholine, aging, and Alzheimer's disease
286. Reactive oxygen species and Alzheimer's disease
287. Reduction in somatostatin and substance P levels and choline acetyltransferase activity in the cortex and hippocampus of the rat after chronic intracerebrovascular infusion of β-amyloid(1-40)
288. Apolipoprotein E and antioxidants have different mechanisms of inhibiting Alzheimer's β-amyloid fibril formation in vitro
289. The metabolic pathway generating p3, an Aβ-peptide fragment, is probably non-amyloidogenic
290. Neuronal excitotoxicity: The role of mitochondria
291. Release of Alzheimer amyloid precursor derivatives stimulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
292. Continuous infusion of β-amyloid protein into the rat cerebral ventricle induces learning impairment and neuronal and morphological degeneration
293. β-Amyloid protein-induced Alzheimer's disease animal model
294. Propentofylline prevents neuronal dysfunction induced by infusion of anti-nerve growth factor antibody into the rat septum
295. Glutamate release from microglia via glutamate transporter is enhanced by amyloid β-peptide
296. Selective decline of 5-HT(1A) receptor binding sites in rat cortex, hippocampus and cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei during aging
297. An ultrastructural study of amyloid intermediates in Aβ1-42 fibrillogenesis
298. Endogenous GLP-1 modulates hippocampal activity in β-amyloid protein-treated rats
299. β-Amyloid-induced cholinergic denervation correlates with enhanced nitric oxide synthase activity in rat crebral cortex: Reversal by NMDA receptor blockade
300. NF-κB: A crucial transcription factor for glial and neuronal cell function
301. Neuroprotection against N-methyl-D-aspartate excitotoxicity in rat magnocellular nucleus basalis by the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT
302. Human and rodent Alzheimer β-amyloid peptides acquire distinct conformations in membrane-mimicking solvents
303. Estrogen replacement therapy and risk of Alzheimer disease
304. Copper (II)-induced self-oligomerization of α-synuclein
305. Vulnerability of small GABAergic neurons to human β-amyloid pentapeptide
306. Alzheimer β protein mediated oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA: Prevention by melatonin
307. Ascorbate in healthy subjects, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease
308. Transport of thyroxine bound to human prealbumin into rat liver
309. Role of peroxynitrite in the vasoactive and cytotoxic effects of Alzheimer's β-amyloid 1-40 peptide
310. The inhibitory effects of β-amyloid on glutamate and glucose uptakes by cultured astrocytes
311. Calcium alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Pathophysiology, models and therapeutic opportunities
312. Alternative, non-secretase processing of Alzheimer's β-amyloid precursor protein during apoptosis by caspase-6 and -8
313. Amyloid peptides: The active center and the possible mechanism of action, starting and maintaining neuron death
314. Mitochondrial function impairment induced by amyloid β-peptide on PC 12 cells
315. Involvement of oxidative stress on the impairment of energy metabolism induced by Aβ peptides on PCI2 cells: Protection by antioxidants
316. Intraneuronal aluminum accumulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism-dementia of Guam
317. No hippocampal neuron or synaptic bouton loss in learning-impaired aged β-amyloid precursor protein-null mice
318. Cerebral amyloid induces aberrant axonal sprouting and ectopic terminal formation in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice
319. Estrogen modulates neuronal Bcl-xL expression and β-amyloid-induced apoptosis: Relevance to Alzheimer's disease
320. Attenuation of β-amyloid neurotoxicity in vitro by potassium-induced depolarization
321. Neurodegeneration induced by β-amyloid peptides in vitro: Similarities with Alzheimer pathology
322. Cultured GABA-immunoreactive neurons are resistant to toxicity induced by β-amyloid
323. Calretinin-immunoreactive neurons are resistant to β-amyloid toxicity in vitro
324. β-Amyloid neurotoxicity in vitro: Evidence for oxidative stress but not protection by antioxidants
325. Aggregation-related toxicity of synthetic β-amyloid protein in hippocampal cultures
326. In vitro aging of β-amyloid protein causes peptide aggregation and toxicity
327. Structure-activity analyses of β-amyloid peptides: Contributions of the β25-35 region to aggregation and neurotoxicity
328. Detection of single amyloid β-protein aggregates in the cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's patients by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
329. Transmembrane potentials in cells: A diS-C3(3)assay for relative potentials as an indicator of real changes
330. β-Sheet breaker peptide inhibitor of Alzheimer's amyloidogenesis with
331. Receptor-mediated transport of human amyloid β-protein 1-40 and 1-42 at the blood-brain barrier
332. Overlapping binding sites of two different transcription factors in the promoter of the human gene for the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein
333. Alzheimer's disease: Genetic studies and transgenic models
334. Expression of the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor enhances β-amyloid peptide toxicity
335. Glutamine and glutamate transport in cultured neuronal and glial cells
336. Free radicals in Alzheimer's disease
337. The current status of apo E4 as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: An epidemiological perspective
338. βA4 amyloid protein deposition in brain after head trauma
339. β-Amyloid protein deposition in the brain after severe head injury: Implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
340. Rationalizing a pharmacological intervention on the amyloid precursor protein metabolism
341. 125I-labeled β-amyloid peptide Aβ 1-40 through the blood-brain barrier and binding to Alzheimer disease amyloid of the Aβ 1-40/vector complex
342. Experimental approaches to cognitive disturbance in Alzheimer's disease
343. Identification of β-amyloid-responsive genes by RNA differential display: Early induction of a DNA damage-inducible gene, gadd45
344. β(1-40) amyloid peptide injection into the nucleus basalis of rats induces microglia reaction and enhances cortical γ-aminobutyric acid release in vivo
345. The βA4 amyloid peptide complexes to and enhances the uptake of β-very low density lipoproteins by the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and heparan sulfate proteoglycans pathway
346. Immunization with amyloid-β attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse
347. Reactive oxygen intermediates in microglial cells differentiating into brain macrophages: Depression by propentofylline and relation to adenozine action
348. Amyloid peptides are toxic via a common oxidative mechanism
349. Protective mechanisms of adenosine in neurons and glial cells
350. The molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease
351. Translating cell biology into therapeutic advances in Alzheimer's disease
352. Neuroprotective effect of 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, Bay X 3702, demonstrated in vitro and in vivo
353. β-Amyloid and ionophore A23187 evoke τ hyperphosphorylation by distinct intracellular pathways: Differential involvement of the calpain/protein kinase C system
354. Age-related deterioration in conditional avoidance task in the SAM-P/10 mouse, an animal model of spontaneous brain atrophy
355. Zinc enhances kainate neurotoxicity in the rat brain
356. Adenosine and propentofylline inhibit phorbol ester-induced proliferation of cultured microglia
357. Expression of β-amyloid precursor protein in reactive astrocytes following neuronal damage
358. Purification and cloning of amyloid precursor protein β-secretase from human brain
359. Evidence that β-amyloid protein in Azlheimer's disease is not derived by normal processing
360. Platelet coagulation factor XIa-inhibitor, a form of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein
361. Amyloid-β aggregation: Selective inhibition of aggregation in mixtures of amyloid with different chain lengths
362. Disaggregation of Alzheimer β-amyloid by site directed mAβ
363. Melatonin alters the metabolism of the β-amyloid precursor protein in the neuroendocrine cell line PC12
364. Alzheimer's and prion disease as disorders of protein conformation: Implications for the design of novel therapeutic approaches
365. Plaque busters: Strategies to inhibit amyloid formation in Alzheimer's disease
366. β-sheet breaker peptides inhibit fibrillogenesis in a rat brain model of amyloidosis: Implications for Alzheimer's therapy
367. 2 agonists
368. Recent developments in the drug treatment of Alzheimer's disease
369. Serotonergic inhibition of extracellular glutamate in the suprachiasmatic nuclear region assessed using in vivo brain microdialysis
370. The biochemistry of Alzheimer's disease
371. News on glutamate receptors in glial cells
372. Antibody clears senile plaques
373. 2+ levels in cultured rat astrocytes
374. 2+- and glutamatergic receptor-evoked arachidonic acid and NO/cGMP release in adult hippocampus
375. In vivo neuroprotection against NMDA-induced neurodegeneration by MK-801 and nimodipine: Combined therapy and temporal course of protection
376. Combined therapy with 8-OH-DPAT and nimodipine against in vivo NMDA-induced cell death in rat nucleus basalis
377. Transgenic animals in Alzheimer's disease research
378. Intravascular infusions of soluble β-amyloid compromise the blood-brain barrier, activate CNS glial cells and induce peripheral hemorrhage
379. The 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist BAY X 3702 prevents staurosporine-induced apoptosis
380. Superoxide free radical and intracellular calcium mediate Aβ(1-42) induced endothelial toxicity
381. Soluble Alzheimers β-amyloid constricts the cerebral vasculature in vivo
382. An FT-IR study of the β-amyloid conformation: Standardization of aggregation grade
383. Pathobiology of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM)
384. Caspases land on APP: One small step for apoptosis, one giant leap for amyloidosis?
385. Hypoxic enhancement of quantal catecholamine secretion. Evidence for the involvement of amyloid β-peptides
386. Role of caspases in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced apoptosis in cerebrocortical neurons
387. β-Amyloid-mediated vasoactivity and vascular endothelial damage
388. A combinatorial approach defines specificities of members of the caspase family and granzyme B
389. A molecular model of Alzheimer amyloid β-peptide fibril formation
390. Controlling amyloid β-peptide fibril formation with proteasestable ligands
391. Arrest of β-amyloid fibril formation by a pentapeptide ligand
392. Tau protein pathology in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
393. Kinetics of aggregation of synthetic β-amyloid peptide
394. Neurodegenerative disorders: The role of peroxynitrite
395. Rapid appearance of β-amyloid precursor protein immunoreactivity in glial cells following excitotoxic brain injury
396. Glutamate transporters are oxidant-vulnerable: A molecular link between oxidative and excitotoxic neurodegeneration?
397. Deposition of monomeric, not oligomeric, Aβ mediates growth of Alzheimer's disease amyloid plaques in human brain preparations
398. 2+ channels: A possible involvement of free radicals
399. Protease nexin-II (amyloid β-protein precursor): A platelet α-granule protein
400. Methionine residue 35 is important in amyloid β-peptide-associated free radical oxidative stress
401. Cyclohexyl-adenosine protects against neuronal death following ischemia in the CAI region of the gerbil hippocampus
402. The role of copper in neurodegenerative disease
403. Amyloid precursor protein in the cerebral cortex is rapidly and persistently induced by loss of subcortical innervation
404. Increased biosynthesis of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein in the cerebral cortex of rats with lesions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert
405. Amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis. Structure and biological activity of protofibrillar intermediates
406. Amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis. Detection of a protofibrillar intermediate
407. 2+ channel blockers attenuate β-amyloid peptide toxicity to cortical neurons in culture
408. Trace element imbalances in isolated subcellular fractions of Alzheimer's disease brains
409. Expression of calbindin-D28k in C6 glial cells stabilizes intracellular calcium levels and protects against apoptosis induced by calcium ionophore and amyloid β-peptide
410. Asrtoglial 5-HT(1A) receptors and S-100β in development and plasticity
411. Localization of 5-HT(1A) receptors to astroglial cells in adult rats: Implications for neuronal-glial interactions and psychoactive drug mechanism of action
412. Exacerbation of copper toxicity in primary neuronal cultures depleted of cellular glutathione
413. The Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein modulates copper-induced toxicity and oxidative stress in primary neuronal cultures J Neurosci
414. Neurotoxicity of Aβ amyloid protein in vitro is not altered by calcium channel blockade
415. Amyloid β protein enhances the survival of hippocampal neurons in vitro
416. The serotonin inhibition of high-voltage-activated calcium currents is relieved by action potential-like depolarizations in dissociated cholinergic nucleus basalis neurons of the guinea-pig
417. Apoptosis: Final control point in cell biology
418. Apolipoprotein E: A pathological chaperone protein in patients with cerebral and systemic amyloid
419. Are presenilins intramembrane-cleaving proteases? Implications for the molecular mechanism in Azlheimer's disease
420. Two transmembrane aspartates in presenilin-1 required for presenilin endocytosis and γ-secretase activity
421. Reorganization of cholinergic terminals in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus in transgenic mice carrying mutated presenilin-1 and amyloid precursor protein transgenes
422. Selective inhibition of Aβ fibril formation
423. Estrogen reduces neuronal generation of Alzheimer βamyloid peptides
424. Binding of β-amyloid to the p75 neurotrophin receptor induces apoptosis
425. Ascorbic acid prevents β-amyloid-induced intracellular calcium increase and cell death in PC12 cells
426. Perspectives of pharmacotherapy in Alzheimer's disease
427. Protective effects of idebenone and α-tocopherol on β-amyloid-(1-42)-induced learning and memory deficits in rats: Implication of oxidative stress in β-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in vivo
428. Improvement by nefiracetam of β-amyloid-(1-42)-induced learning and memory impairments in rats
429. Propentofylline improves learning and memory deficits in rats induced by β-amyloid protein-(1-40)
430. Long-term deprivation of oestrogens by ovariectomy potentiates β-amyloid-induced working memory deficits in rats
431. RAGE and amyloid β-peptide neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease
432. β-Amyloid peptide fragment 31-35 induces apoptosis in cultured cortical neurons
433. Cellular cofactors for amyloid β-peptide-induced cell stress: Moving from cell culture to in vivo
434. Amyloid-β peptide-receptor for advanced glycation endproduct interaction elicits neuronal expression of macrophage-colony stimulating factor: A proinflammatory pathway in Alzheimer's disease
435. Intracellular accumulation of insoluble, newly synthesized Aβ1-42 in amyloid precursor protein-transfected cells that have ben treated with Aβ1-42
436. The stabilization of ferrous ion by a toxic β-amyloid fragment and by aluminum salt
437. Neurotoxicity of a fragment of the amyloid precursor associated with Alzheimer's disease
438. Neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of amyloid β protein: Reversal by tachykinin neuropeptides
439. The antioxidant vitamin E modulates amyloid β-peptide-induced creatine kinase activity inhibition and increased protein oxidation: Implications for the free radical hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease
440. Temporal relations among amyloid β-peptide-induced free-radical oxidative stress, neuronal toxicity, and neuronal defensive responses
441. Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide associated free radicals increase rat embryonic neuronal polyamine uptake and ornithine decarboxylase activity: Protective effect of vitamin E
442. The endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsive protein GRP78 protects neurons against excitotoxicity and apoptosis: Suppression of oxidative stress and stabilization of calcium homeostasis
443. NMR studies of amyloid β-peptides: Proton assignments, secondary structure, and mechanism of an α-helix-β-sheet conversion for a homologous, 28-residue, N-terminal fragment
444. Involvement of cytokines in normal CNS development and neurological diseases: Recent progress and perspectives
445. Inhibition of glutamate release: A possible mechanism of hypothermic neuroprotection
446. Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4, participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3