Health relevance of the modification of low grade inflammation in ageing (inflammageing) and the role of nutrition

Ageing Research Reviews

Volumn 40, Issue , 2017, Pages 95-119

  Calder, Philip C ^a,b   Bosco, Nabil ^c   Bourdet Sicard, Raphaëlle ^d   Capuron, Lucile ^e,f   Delzenne, Nathalie ^g   Doré, Joel ^h   Franceschi, Claudio ⁱ   Lehtinen, Markus J ^j   Recker, Tobias ^k   Salvioli, Stefano ^l   Visioli, Francesco ^m,n  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL SOUTHAMPTON NHS FOUNDATION TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^c Nestlé Research Center Asia   (Singapore)

^d Groupe Danone   (France)

^e NutriNeuro Bordeaux University   (France)

^f UNIVERSITÉ DE BORDEAUX   (France)

^g UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^h UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

ⁱ IRCCS   (Italy)

^j DUPONT COMPANY   (United States)

^k International Life Sciences Institute of Europe   (Belgium)

^l UNIVERSITY OF BOLOGNA   (Italy)

^m UNIVERSITY OF PADOVA   (Italy)

ⁿ IMDEA FOOD INSTITUTE   (Spain)

more..

Author keywords

Adipose; Ageing; Antioxidant; Brain; Cytokine; Degeneration; Elderly; Gut; Health and wellbeing; Inflammageing; inflammaging; Inflammation; Microbiota; Obesity; Omega 3; Prebiotic; Probiotic

Indexed keywords

ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIOXIDANT; ASTAXANTHIN; C REACTIVE PROTEIN; LYCOPENE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID; POLYPHENOL; PREBIOTIC AGENT; PROBIOTIC AGENT; VITAMIN D; AUTACOID; BIOLOGICAL MARKER;

AGING; BRAIN FUNCTION; DIET THERAPY; DIETARY INTAKE; DYSBIOSIS; GERIATRICS; HOST PATHOGEN INTERACTION; HUMAN; HYPOTHALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS DISEASE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNOSENESCENCE; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; INTESTINE EPITHELIUM; INTESTINE FLORA; LOW GRADE INFLAMMATION; MALIGNANT NEOPLASM; METABOLIC DISORDER; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM; NUTRITION; PHENOTYPE; PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING; REVIEW; HEALTH STATUS; IMMUNOLOGY; METABOLISM; NUTRITIONAL STATUS; PATHOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY;

AGING; ANTIOXIDANTS; BIOMARKERS; FATTY ACIDS, OMEGA-3; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOME; HEALTH STATUS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; INFLAMMATION MEDIATORS; NUTRITIONAL STATUS;

EID: 85030468815     PISSN: 15681637     EISSN: 18729649     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.001     Document Type: Review

References (360)

1. Abe, Y., El-Masri, B., Kimball, K.T., Pownall, H., Reilly, C.F., Osmundsen, K., Smith, C.W., Ballantyne, C.M., Soluble cell adhesion molecules in hypertriglyceridemia and potential significance on monocyte adhesion. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 18 (1998), 723–731.
2. Abrahamsson, T.R., Jakobsson, H.E., Andersson, A.F., Björkstén, B., Engstrand, L., Jenmalm, M.C., Low diversity of the gut microbiota in infants with atopic eczema. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 129 (2012), 434–440.
3. Agarwal, S., Busse, P.J., Innate and adaptive immunosenescence. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 104 (2010), 183–190.
4. Agostini, L., Martinon, F., Burns, K., McDermott, M.F., Hawkins, P.N., Tschopp, J., NALP3 forms an IL-1β-processing inflammasome with increased activity in Muckle-Wells autoinflammatory disorder. Immunity 20 (2004), 319–325.
5. Ahluwalia, N., Aging, nutrition and immune function. J. Nutr. Health Aging 8 (2004), 2–6.
6. Albert, R., Barabási, A.L., Statistical mechanics of complex networks. Rev. Mod. Phys., 74, 2002, 47.
7. Arai, Y., Hirose, N., Nakazawa, S., Yamamura, K., Shimizu, K., Takayama, M., Ebihara, Y., Osono, Y., Homma, S., Lipoprotein metabolism in Japanese centenarians: effects of apolipoprotein E polymorphism and nutritional status. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 49 (2001), 1434–1441.
8. Arboleya, S., Watkins, C., Stanton, C., Ross, R.P., Gut bifidobacteria populations in human health and aging. Front. Microbiol., 7, 2016, 1204.
9. Asano, Y., Hiramoto, T., Nishino, R., Aiba, Y., Kimura, T., Yoshihara, K., Koga, Y., Sudo, N., Critical role of gut microbiota in the production of biologically active, free catecholamines in the gut lumen of mice. Am. J. Physiol. Liver Physiol. 303 (2012), G1288–G1295.
10. Asemi, Z., Khorrami-Rad, A., Alizadeh, S.A., Shakeri, H., Esmaillzadeh, A., Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial. Clin. Nutr. 33 (2014), 198–203.
11. Ayyadevara, S., Bharill, P., Dandapat, A., Hu, C., Khaidakov, M., Mitra, S., Shmookler Reis, R.J., Mehta, J.L., Aspirin inhibits oxidant stress, reduces age-associated functional declines, and extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Antioxid. Redox. Signal. 18 (2013), 481–490.
12. Baar, M.P., Brandt, R.M., Putavet, D.A., Klein, J.D., Derks, K.W., Bourgeois, B.R., Stryeck, S., Rijksen, Y., van Willigenburg, H., Feijtel, D.A., van der Pluijm, I., Essers, J., van Cappellen, W.A., van IJcken, W.F., Houtsmuller, A.B., Pothof, J., de Bruin, R.W., Madl, T., Hoeijmakers, J.H., Campisi, J., de Keizer, P.L., Targeted apoptosis of senescent cells restores tissue homeostasis in response to chemotoxicity and aging. Cell 169 (2017), 132–147.
13. Ballou, S., Lozanski, G., Hodder, S.A.L., Rzewnicki, D., Mion, L., Sipe, J., Ford, A., Kushner, I.R.V., Quantitative and qualitative alterations of acute-phase proteins in healthy elderly persons. Age Ageing 25 (1996), 224–230.
14. Banks, W.A., The blood-brain barrier in neuroimmunology: tales of separation and assimilation. Brain. Behav. Immun. 44 (2015), 1–8.
15. Barbieri, M., Ferrucci, L., Ragno, E., Corsi, A., Bandinelli, S., Bonafè, M., Olivieri, F., Giovagnetti, S., Franceschi, C., Guralnik, J.M., Chronic inflammation and the effect of IGF-I on muscle strength and power in older persons. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284 (2003), E481–E487.
16. Basu, A., Du, M., Sanchez, K., Leyva, M.J., Betts, N.M., Blevins, S., Wu, M., Aston, C.E., Lyons, T.J., Green tea minimally affects biomarkers of inflammation in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Nutrition 27 (2011), 206–213.
17. Bercik, P., Denou, E., Collins, J., Jackson, W., Lu, J., Jury, J., Deng, Y., Blennerhassett, P., Macri, J., McCoy, K.D., The intestinal microbiota affect central levels of brain-derived neurotropic factor and behavior in mice. Gastroenterology 141 (2011), 599–609.
18. Bernstein, C.N., Surveillance programmes for colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: have we got it right?. Gut 57 (2008), 1194–1196.
19. Berstad, P., Seljeflot, I., Veierød, M.B., Hjerkinn, E.M., Arnesen, H., Pedersen, J.I., Supplementation with fish oil affects the association between very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum non-esterified fatty acids and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Clin. Sci. (Lond) 105 (2003), 13–20.
20. Besedovsky, H.O., Del Rey, A., Immune-neuro-endocrine interactions: facts and hypotheses. Endocr. Rev. 17 (1996), 64–102.
21. Beutler, B., Inferences, questions and possibilities in Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature 430 (2004), 257–263.
22. Biagi, E., Nylund, L., Candela, M., Ostan, R., Bucci, L., Pini, E., Nikkïla, J., Monti, D., Satokari, R., Franceschi, C., Through ageing, and beyond: gut microbiota and inflammatory status in seniors and centenarians. PLoS One, 5, 2010, e10667.
23. Biagi, E., Candela, M., Franceschi, C., Brigidi, P., The aging gut microbiota: new perspectives. Ageing Res. Rev. 10 (2011), 428–429.
24. Biagi, E., Candela, M., Turroni, S., Garagnani, P., Franceschi, C., Brigidi, P., Ageing and gut microbes: perspectives for health maintenance and longevity. Pharmacol. Res. 69 (2013), 11–20.
25. Biagi, E., Franceschi, C., Rampelli, S., Severgnini, M., Ostan, R., Turroni, S., Consolandi, C., Quercia, S., Scurti, M., Monti, D., Capri, M., Brigidi, P., Candela, M., Gut microbiota and extreme longevity. Curr. Biol. 26 (2016), 1480–1485.
26. Bischoff, S.C., Barbara, G., Buurman, W., Ockhuizen, T., Schulzke, J.-D., Serino, M., Tilg, H., Watson, A., Wells, J.M., Intestinal permeability–a new target for disease prevention and therapy. BMC Gastroenterol., 14, 2014, 1.
27. Bitler, C.M., Matt, K., Irving, M., Hook, G., Yusen, J., Eagar, F., Kirschner, K., Walker, B., Crea, R., Olive extract supplement decreases pain and improves daily activities in adults with osteoarthritis and decreases plasma homocysteine in those with rheumatoid arthritis. Nutr. Res. 27 (2007), 470–477.
28. Bloedon, L.T., Balikai, S., Chittams, J., Cunnane, S.C., Berlin, J.A., Rader, D.J., Szapary, P.O., Flaxseed and cardiovascular risk factors: results from a double blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 27 (2008), 65–74.
29. Blok, W.L., Deslypere, J., Demacker, P.N.M., van der Ven Jongekrijg, J., Hectors, M.P.C., Van der Meer, J.W.M., Katan, M.B., Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in healthy volunteers fed various doses of fish oil for 1 year. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 27 (1997), 1003–1008.
30. Boffetta, P., Human cancer from environmental pollutants: the epidemiological evidence. Mutat. Res. 608 (2006), 157–162.
31. Bogani, P., Galli, C., Villa, M., Visioli, F., Postprandial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extra virgin olive oil. Atherosclerosis 190 (2007), 181–186.
32. Boge, T., Rémigy, M., Vaudaine, S., Tanguy, J., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Van Der Werf, S., A probiotic fermented dairy drink improves antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly in two randomised controlled trials. Vaccine 27 (2009), 5677–5684.
33. Bonapace, L., Coissieux, M.M., Wyckoff, J., Mertz, K.D., Varga, Z., Junt, T., Bentires-Alj, M., Cessation of CCL2 inhibition accelerates breast cancer metastasis by promoting angiogenesis. Nature 515 (2014), 130–133.
34. Borsini, A., Zunszain, P.A., Thuret, S., Pariante, C.M., The role of inflammatory cytokines as key modulators of neurogenesis. Trends Neurosci. 38 (2015), 145–157.
35. Bosch, M., Mendez, M., Perez, M., Farran, A., Fuentes, M.C., Cune, J., Lactobacillus plantarum CECT7315 and CECT7316 stimulate immunoglobulin production after influenza vaccination in elderly. Nutr. Hosp. 27 (2012), 504–509.
36. Boyd, S.D., Liu, Y., Wang, C., Martin, V., Dunn-Walters, D.K., Human lymphocyte repertoires in ageing. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 25 (2013), 511–515.
37. Bozinovski, S., Vlahos, R., Anthony, D., McQualter, J., Anderson, G., Irving, L., Steinfort, D., COPD and squamous cell lung cancer: aberrant inflammation and immunity is the common link. Br. J. Pharmacol. 173 (2015), 635–648.
38. Browning, L.M., Krebs, J.D., Moore, C.S., Mishra, G.D., O'Connell, M.A., Jebb, S.A., The impact of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on inflammation, insulin sensitivity and CVD risk in a group of overweight women with an inflammatory phenotype. DOM Diabetes. DOM Diabetes, Obes. Metab. 9 (2007), 70–80.
39. Bruunsgaard, H., Ndersen-Ranberg, K., Jeune, B., Pedersen, A.N., Skinhoj, P., Pedersen, B.K., A high plasma concentration of TNF-alpha is associated with dementia in centenarians. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 54 (1999), M357–M364.
40. Bruunsgaard, H., Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in elderly populations. Eur. Cytokine Network 13 (2002), 389–391.
41. Brydon, L., Harrison, N.A., Walker, C., Steptoe, A., Critchley, H.D., Peripheral inflammation is associated with altered substantia nigra activity and psychomotor slowing in humans. Biol. Psychiatry 63 (2008), 1022–1029.
42. Burcelin, R., Serino, M., Chabo, C., Blasco-Baque, V., Amar, J., Gut microbiota and diabetes: from pathogenesis to therapeutic perspective. Acta Diabetol. 48 (2011), 257–273.
43. Byrne, G.I., Lehmann, L.K., Kircshbaum, J.G., Borden, E.C., Lee, C.M., Brown, R.R., Induction of tryptophan degradation in vitro and in vivo: a gamma-interferon-stimulated activity. J. Interferon Res. 6 (1986), 389–396.
44. Calder, P.C., Albers, R., Antoine, J.M., Blum, S., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Ferns, G.A., Folkerts, G., Friedmann, P.S., Frost, G.S., Guarner, F., Inflammatory disease processes and interactions with nutrition. Br. J. Nutr. 101 (2009), 1–45.
45. Calder, P.C., Ahluwalia, N., Brouns, F., Buetler, T., Clement, K., Cunningham, K., Esposito, K., Jonsson, L.S., Kolb, H., Lansink, M., Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity. Br. J. Nutr. 106 (2011), S5–S78.
46. Calder, P.C., Ahluwalia, N., Albers, R., Bosco, N., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Haller, D., Holgate, S.T., Jönsson, L.S., Latulippe, M.E., Marcos, A., A consideration of biomarkers to be used for evaluation of inflammation in human nutritional studies. Br. J. Nutr. 109 (2013), S1–S34.
47. Calder, P.C., Marine omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: effects, mechanisms and clinical relevance. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1851 (2015), 469–484.
48. Candore, G., Colonna-Romano, G., Balistreri, C.R., Di Carlo, D., Grimaldi, M.P., Listì, F., Nuzzo, D., Vasto, S., Lio, D., Caruso, C., Biology of longevity: role of the innate immune system. Rejuv. Res. 9 (2006), 143–148.
49. Cani, P.D., Amar, J., Iglesias, M.A., Poggi, M., Knauf, C., Bastelica, D., Neyrinck, A.M., Fava, F., Tuohy, K.M., Chabo, C., Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance. Diabetes 56 (2007), 1761–1772.
50. Cani, P.D., Bibiloni, R., Knauf, C., Waget, A., Neyrinck, A.M., Delzenne, N.M., Burcelin, R., Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes 57 (2008), 1470–1481.
51. Capuron, L., Miller, A.H., Immune system to brain signaling: neuropsychopharmacological implications. Pharmacol. Ther. 130 (2011), 226–238.
52. Capuron, L., Gumnick, J.F., Musselman, D.L., Lawson, D.H., Neurobehavioral effects of interferon-a in cancer patients: phenomenology and paroxetine responsiveness of symptom dimensions. Neuropsychopharmacology 26 (2002), 643–652.
53. Capuron, L., Neurauter, G., Musselman, D.L., Lawson, D.H., Nemeroff, C.B., Fuchs, D., Miller, A.H., Interferon-alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism: relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment. Biol. Psychiatry 54 (2003), 906–914.
54. Capuron, L., Raison, C.L., Musselman, D.L., Lawson, D.H., Nemeroff, C.B., Miller, A.H., Association of exaggerated HPA axis response to the initial injection of interferon-alpha with development of depression during interferon-alpha therapy. Am. J. Psychiatry 160 (2003), 1342–1345.
55. Capuron, L., Pagnoni, G., Demetrashvili, M., Woolwine, B.J., Nemeroff, C.B., Berns, G.S., Miller, A.H., Anterior cingulate activation and error processing during interferon-alpha treatment. Biol. Psychiatry 58 (2005), 190–196.
56. Capuron, L., Pagnoni, G., Demetrashvili, M.F., Lawson, D.H., Fornwalt, F.B., Woolwine, B., Berns, G.S., Nemeroff, C.B., Miller, A.H., Basal ganglia hypermetabolism and symptoms of fatigue during interferon-alpha therapy. Neuropsychopharmacology 32 (2007), 2384–2392.
57. Capuron, L., Su, S., Miller, A.H., Bremner, J.D., Goldberg, J., Vogt, G.J., Maisano, C., Jones, L., Murrah, N.V., Vaccarino, V., Depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome: is inflammation the underlying link?. Biol. Psychiatry 64 (2008), 896–900.
58. Capuron, L., Poitou, C., Machaux-Tholliez, D., Frochot, V., Bouillot, J.L., Basdevant, A., Laye, S., Clement, K., Relationship between adiposity, emotional status and eating behaviour in obese women: role of inflammation. Psychol. Med. 41 (2011), 1517a–1528.
59. Capuron, L., Schroecksnadel, S., Féart, C., Aubert, A., Higueret, D., Barberger-Gateau, P., Layé, S., Fuchs, D., Chronic low-grade inflammation in elderly persons is associated with altered tryptophan and tyrosine metabolism: role in neuropsychiatric symptoms. Biol. Psychiatry 70 (2011), 175b–182.
60. Capuron, L., Pagnoni, G., Drake, D.F., Woolwine, B.J., Spivey, J.R., Crowe, R.J., Votaw, J.R., Goodman, M.M., Miller, A.H., Dopaminergic mechanisms of reduced basal ganglia responses to hedonic reward during interferon alfa administration. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 69 (2012), 1044–1053.
61. Capuron, L., Geisler, S., Kurz, K., Leblhuber, F., Sperner-Unterweger, B., Fuchs, D., Activated immune system and inflammation in healthy aging: relevance for tryptophan and neopterin metabolism. Curr. Pharm. Des. 20 (2014), 6048–6057.
62. Carroll, I.M., Ringel-Kulka, T., Siddle, J.P., Ringel, Y., Alterations in composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 24 (2012), 248–521.
63. Castellani, G.C., Menichetti, G., Garagnani, P., Bacalini, M.G., Pirazzini, C., Franceschi, C., Collino, S., Sala, C., Remondini, D., Giampieri, E., Systems medicine of inflammaging. Brief. Bioinf. 17 (2015), 527–540.
64. Cazzola, R., Russo-Volpe, S., Miles, E.A., Rees, D., Banerjee, T., Roynette, C.E., Wells, S.J., Goua, M., Wahle, K.W.J., Calder, P.C., Age-and dose-dependent effects of an eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy male subjects. Atherosclerosis 193 (2007), 159–167.
65. Cevenini, E., Caruso, C., Candore, G., Capri, M., Nuzzo, D., Duro, G., Rizzo, C., Colonna-Romano, G., Lio, D., Di Carlo, D., Palmas, M.G., Scurti, M., Pini, E., Franceschi, C., Vasto, S., Age-related inflammation: the contribution of different organs, tissues and systems: How to face it for therapeutic approaches. Curr. Pharm. Des. 16 (2010), 609–618.
66. Cevenini, E., Monti, D., Franceschi, C., Inflamm-ageing. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 16 (2013), 14–20.
67. Chan, D.C., Watts, G.F., Mori, T.A., Barrett, P.H.R., Beilin, L.J., Redgrave, T.G., Factorial study of the effects of atorvastatin and fish oil on dyslipidaemia in visceral obesity. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 32 (2002), 429–436.
68. Chassard, C., Dapoigny, M., Scott, K.P., Crouzet, L., Del'Homme, C., Marquet, P., Martin, J.C., Pickering, G., Ardid, D., Eschalier, A., Functional dysbiosis within the gut microbiota of patients with constipated-irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 35 (2012), 828–838.
69. Chen, W., Liu, F., Ling, Z., Tong, X., Xiang, C., Human intestinal lumen and mucosa-associated microbiota in patients with colorectal cancer. PLoS One, 7, 2012, e39743.
70. Cheng, J., Palva, A.M., de Vos, W.M., Satokari, R., Contribution of the intestinal microbiota to human health: from birth to 100 years of age. Between Pathogenicity and Commensalism, 2011, Springer, 323–346.
71. Chow, J., Mazmanian, S.K., A pathobiont of the microbiota balances host colonization and intestinal inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 7 (2010), 265–276.
72. Chrysohoou, C., Panagiotakos, D.B., Pitsavos, C., Das, U.N., Stefanadis, C., Adherence to the Mediterranean diet attenuates inflammation and coagulation process in healthy adults: the ATTICA Study. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 44 (2004), 152–158.
73. Chuang, S.C., Vermeulen, R., Sharabiani, M.T., Sacerdote, C., Fatemeh, S.H., Berrino, F., Krogh, V., Palli, D., Panico, S., Tumino, R., Athersuch, T.J., Vineis, P., The intake of grain fibers modulates cytokine levels in blood. Biomarkers, 2011, 504–510.
74. Chung, H.Y., Kim, H.J., Kim, K.W., Choi, J.S., Yu, B.P., Molecular inflammation hypothesis of aging based on the anti-aging mechanism of calorie restriction. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59 (2002), 264–372.
75. Ciubotaru, I., Lee, Y.S., Wander, R.C., Dietary fish oil decreases C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and triacylglycerol to HDL-cholesterol ratio in postmenopausal women on HRT. J. Nutr. Biochem. 14 (2003), 513–521.
76. Cleland, J.G., Abraham, W.T., Linde, C., Gold, M.R., Young, J.B., Daubert, J.C., Sherfesee, L., Wells, G.A., Tang, A.S.L., An individual patient meta-analysis of five randomized trials assessing the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on morbidity and mortality in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 34 (2013), 3547–3556.
77. Collins, S.M., Surette, M., Bercik, P., The interplay between the intestinal microbiota and the brain. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 10 (2012), 735–742.
78. Colotta, F., Allavena, P., Sica, A., Garlanda, C., Mantovani, A., Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis 30 (2009), 1073–1081.
79. Colwell, J.A., Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in diabetes. Diabetes Care 26 (2003), 3349–3350.
80. Coppé, J.P., Desprez, P.Y., Krtolica, A., Campisi, J., The senescence-associated secretory phenotype: the dark side of tumor suppression. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 5 (2010), 99–118.
81. Corthay, A., Does the immune system naturally protect against cancer?. Front. Immunol., 5, 2014, 197.
82. Cotillard, A., Kennedy, S.P., Kong, L.C., Prifti, E., Pons, N., Le Chatelier, E., Almeida, M., Quinquis, B., Levenez, F., Galleron, N., Dietary intervention impact on gut microbial gene richness. Nature 29 (2013), 585–588.
83. Crespo, M.C., Tomé-Carneiro, J., Burgos-Ramos, E., Kohen, V.L., Espinosa, M.I., Herranz, J., Visioli, F., One-week administration of hydroxytyrosol to humans does not activate Phase II enzymes. Pharmacol. Res. 95 (2015), 132–137.
84. Cryan, J.F., Dinan, T.G., Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13 (2012), 701–712.
85. Cuervo, A.M., Wong, E., Chaperone-mediated autophagy: roles in disease and aging. Cell Res. 24 (2014), 92–104.
86. Dai, J., Miller, A.H., Bremner, J.D., Goldberg, J., Jones, L., Shallenberger, L., Buckham, R., Murrah, N.V., Veledar, E., Wilson, P.W., Adherence to the mediterranean diet is inversely associated with circulating interleukin-6 among middle-aged men a twin study. Circulation 117 (2008), 169–175.
87. Danilov, A., Shaposhnikov, M., Shevchenko, O., Zemskaya, N., Zhavoronkov, A., Moskalev, A., Influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on Drosophila melanogaster longevity. Oncotarget, 6, 2015, 19428.
88. Dantzer, R., O'Connor, J.C., Freund, G.G., Johnson, R.W., Kelley, K.W., From inflammation to sickness and depression: when the immune system subjugates the brain. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9 (2008), 46–56.
89. Dao, M.C., Everard, A., Aron-Wisnewsky, J., Sokolovska, N., Prifti, E., Verger, E.O., Kayser, B.D., Levenez, F., Chilloux, J., Hoyles, L., Dumas, M.E., Rizkalla, S.W., Dore, J., Cani, P.D., Clement, K., Akkermansia muciniphila and improved metabolic health during a dietary intervention in obesity: relationship with gut microbiome richness and ecology. Gut 65 (2015), 426–436.
90. Davis, B.K., Wen, H., Ting, J.P.Y., The inflammasome NLRs in immunity, inflammation, and associated diseases. Annu. Rev. Immunol., 29, 2011, 707.
91. De Cruz, P., Prideaux, L., Wagner, J., Ng, S.C., McSweeney, C., Kirkwood, C., Morrison, M., Kamm, M.A., Characterization of the gastrointestinal microbiota in health and inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18 (2012), 372–390.
92. de Keizer, P.L., The fountain of youth by targeting senescent cells?. Trends Mol. Med. 23 (2017), 6–17.
93. de Mello, V.D., Schwab, U., Kolehmainen, M., Koenig, W., Siloaho, M., Poutanen, K., Mykkanen, H., Uusitupa, M., A diet high in fatty fish, bilberries and wholegrain products improves markers of endothelial function and inflammation in individuals with impaired glucose metabolism in a randomised controlled trial: the Sysdimet study. Diabetologia 54 (2011), 2755–2767.
94. De Simone, C., Ciardi, A., Grassi, A., Lambert Gardini, S., Tzantzoglou, S., Trinchieri, V., Moretti, S., Jirillo, E., 1992. Effect of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus on gut mucosa and peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 14 (1992), 331–340.
95. de Torre-Minguela, C., Mesa Del Castillo, P., Pelegrín, P., The NLRP3 and pyrin inflammasomes: implications in the pathophysiology of autoinflammatory diseases. Front. Immunol., 8, 2017, 43.
96. de la Fuente, H., Cibrian, D., Sanchez-Madrid, F., Immunoregulatory molecules are master regulators of inflammation during the immune response. FEBS Lett. 586 (2012), 2897–2905.
97. de la Puerta, R., Gutierrez, V.R., Hoult, J.R., Inhibition of leukocyte 5-lipoxygenase by phenolics from virgin olive oil. Biochem. Pharmacol. 57 (1999), 445–449.
98. De Martinis, M., Franceschi, C., Monti, D., Ginaldi, L., Inflamm-ageing and lifelong antigenic load as major determinants of ageing rate and longevity. FEBS Lett. 579 (2005), 2035–2039.
99. Deguine, J., Barton, G.M., MyD88: a central player in innate immune signaling. F1000Prime Rep., 6, 2014, 97.
100. Dehghan, P., Gargari, B.P., Jafar-Abadi, M.A., Aliasgharzadeh, A., Insulin controls inflammation and metabolic endotoxemia in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 5 (2014), 117–123.
101. Deka, A., Vita, J.A., Tea and cardiovascular disease. Pharmacol. Res. 64 (2011), 136–145.
102. Demaria, M., Ohtani, N., Youssef, S.A., Rodier, F., Toussaint, W., Mitchell, J.R., Laberge, R.M., Vijg, J., Van Steeg, H., Dollé, M.E., Hoeijmakers, J.H.J., Hara, E., Campisi, J., An essential role for senescent cells in optimal wound healing through secretion of PDGF-AA. Dev. Cell 31 (2014), 722–733.
103. Di Iorio, A., Ferrucci, L., Sparvieri, E., Cherubini, A., Volpato, S., Corsi, A., Bonafè, M., Franceschi, C., Abate, G., Paganelli, R., Serum IL-1beta levels in health and disease: a population-based study.The InCHIANTI study. Cytokine 22 (2003), 198–205.
104. Docktor, M.J., Paster, B.J., Abramowicz, S., Ingram, J., Wang, Y.E., Correll, M., Jiang, H., Cotton, S.L., Kokaras, A.S., Bousvaros, A., Alterations in diversity of the oral microbiome in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 18 (2012), 935–942.
105. Donath, M.Y., Shoelson, S.E., Type 2 diabetes as an inflammatory disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 11 (2011), 98–107.
106. Dong, H., Rowland, I., Thomas, L.V., Yaqoob, P., Immunomodulatory effects of a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota in healthy older volunteers. Eur. J. Nutr. 52 (2013), 1853–1863.
107. Donohoe, D.R., Garge, N., Zhang, X., Sun, W., O'Connell, T.M., Bunger, M.K., Bultman, S.J., The microbiome and butyrate regulate energy metabolism and autophagy in the mammalian colon. Cell Metab. 13 (2011), 517–526.
108. Dorfman, M.D., Thaler, J.P., Hypothalamic inflammation and gliosis in obesity. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes. 22 (2015), 325–330.
109. Dower, J.I., Geleijnse, J.M., Gijsbers, L., Schalkwijk, C., Kromhout, D., Hollman, P.C., Supplementation of the pure flavonoids epicatechin and quercetin affects some biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in (pre) hypertensive adults: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. J. Nutr. 145 (2015), 1459–1463.
110. Eisenberger, N.I., Berkman, E.T., Inagaki, T.K., Rameson, L.T., Mashal, N.M., Irwin, M.R., Inflammation-induced anhedonia: endotoxin reduces ventral striatum responses to reward. Biol. Psychiatry 68 (2010), 748–754.
111. Elmadfa, I., Klein, P., Meyer, A.L., Immune-stimulating effects of lactic acid bacteria in vivo and in vitro. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 69 (2010), 416–420.
112. EmergingRiskFactorsCollaboration, C-reactive protein concentration and risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality: an individual participant meta-analysis. Lancet 375 (2010), 132–140.
113. Eschen, O., Christensen, J., De Caterina, R., Schmidt, E., Soluble adhesion molecules in healthy subjects: a dose-response study using n-3 fatty acids. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 14 (2004), 180–185.
114. Everard, A., Belzer, C., Geurts, L., Ouwerkerk, J.P., Druart, C., Bindels, L.B., Guiot, Y., Derrien, M., Muccioli, G.G., Delzenne, N.M., Cross-talk between Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal epithelium controls diet-induced obesity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110 (2013), 9066–9071.
115. Everard, A., Geurts, L., Caesar, R., Van Hul, M., Matamoros, S., Duparc, T., Denis, R.G.P., Cochez, P., Pierard, F., Castel, J., Intestinal epithelial MyD88 is a sensor switching host metabolism towards obesity according to nutritional status. Nat. Commun., 5, 2014, 5.
116. Fabbri, E., An, Y., Zoli, M., Simonsick, E.M., Guralnik, J.M., Bandinellim, S., Boyd, C.M., Ferrucci, L., Aging and the burden of multimorbidity: associations with inflammatory and anabolic hormonal biomarkers. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 70 (2015), 63–70.
117. Fagiolo, U., Cossarizza, A., Scala, E., Fanales-Belasio, E., Ortolani, C., Cozzi, E., Monti, D., Franceschi, C., Paganelli, R., Increased cytokine production in mononuclear cells of healthy elderly people. Eur. J. Immunol. 23 (1993), 2375–2378.
118. Fallot, G., Neuveut, C., Buendia, M.A., Diverse roles of hepatitis B virus in liver cancer. Curr Opin.Virol. 2 (2012), 467–473.
119. Ferrucci, L., Harris, T.B., Guralnik, J.M., Tracy, R.P., Corti, M.C., Cohen, H.J., Penninx, B., Pahor, M., Wallace, R., Havlik, R.J., Serum IL-6 level and the development of disability in older persons. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 47 (1999), 639–646.
120. Ferrucci, L., Corsi, A., Lauretani, F., Bandinelli, S., Bartali, B., Taub, D.D., Guralnik, J.M., Longo, D.L., The origins of age-related proinflammatory state. Blood, 105, 2005 2294–2229.
121. Ferrucci, L., Cherubini, A., Bandinelli, S., Bartali, B., Corsi, A., Lauretani, F., Martin Andres-Lacueva, C., Senin, U., Guralnik, J.M., Relationship of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids to circulating inflammatory markers. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91 (2006), 439–446.
122. Forsey, R.J., Thompson, J.M., Ernerudh, J., Hurst, T.L., Strindhall, J., Johansson, B., Nilsson, B.O., Wikby, A., Plasma cytokine profiles in elderly humans. Mech. Ageing Dev. 124 (2003), 487–493.
123. Fowkes, F.G., Price, J.F., Stewart, M.C.W., Butcher, I., Leng, G.C., Pell, A.C.H., Sandercock, P.A.G., Fox, K.A.A., Lowe, G.D.O., Murray, G.D., Aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events in a general population screened for a low ankle brachial index: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 303 (2010), 841–848.
124. Franceschi, C., Campisi, J., Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. J. Gerontol. Ser. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 69 (2014), S4–S9.
125. Franceschi, C., Monti, D., Sansoni, P., Cossarizza, A., The immunology of exceptional individuals: the lesson of centenarians. Immunol. Today 16 (1995), 12–16.
126. Franceschi, C., Bonafè, M., Valensin, S., Olivieri, F., de Luca, M., Ottaviani, E., de Benedictis, G., Inflammaging: an evolutionary perspective on immunosenescence. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 908 (2000), 244–254.
127. Franceschi, C., Capri, M., Monti, D., Giunta, S., Olivieri, F., Sevini, F., Panourgia, M.P., Invidia, L., Celani, L., Scurti, M., Cevenini, E., Castellani, G.C., Salvioli, S., Inflammaging and anti-inflammaging: a systemic perspective on aging and longevity emerged from studies in humans. Mech. Ageing Dev. 128 (2007), 92–105.
128. Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Vitale, G., Capri, M., Salvioli, S., Inflammaging and ‘Garb-aging’. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 28 (2017), 199–212.
129. Fraser, D.M., Sullivan, F.M., Thompson, A.M., McCowan, C., Aspirin use and survival after the diagnosis of breast cancer: a population-based cohort study. Br. J. Cancer 111 (2014), 623–627.
130. Fried, L.P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Newman, A.B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W.J., Burke, G., McBurnie, M.A., Cardiovascular health study collaborative research group, frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 56:3 (2001), M146–M156.
131. Fujimoto, T., Imaeda, H., Takahashi, K., Kasumi, E., Bamba, S., Fujiyama, Y., Andoh, A., Decreased abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the gut microbiota of Crohn's disease. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 28 (2013), 613–619.
132. Fujioka, S., Hamazaki, K., Itomura, M., Huan, M., Nishizawa, H., Sawazaki, S., Kitajima, I., Hamazaki, T., The effects of eicosapentaenoic acid-fortified food on inflammatory markers in healthy subjects-A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo). 52 (2006), 261–265.
133. Fukushima, Y., Miyaguchi, S., Yamano, T., Kaburagi, T., Iino, H., Ushida, K., Sato, K., Improvement of nutritional status and incidence of infection in hospitalised, enterally fed elderly by feeding of fermented milk containing probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii La1 (NCC533). Br. J. Nutr. 98 (2007), 969–977.
134. Fulop, T., Pawelec, G., Castle, S., Loeb, M., Immunosenescence and vaccination in nursing home residents. Clin. Infect. Dis. 48 (2009), 443–448.
135. Fung, T.T., McCullough, M.L., Newby, P.K., Manson, J.E., Meigs, J.B., Rifai, N., Willett, W.C., Hu, F.B., Diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82 (2005), 163–173.
136. Furet, J.-P., Kong, L.-C., Tap, J., Poitou, C., Basdevant, A., Bouillot, J.-L., Mariat, D., Corthier, G., Doré, J., Henegar, J., Rizkalla, C., Clément, K., Differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery–induced weight loss. Diabetes 59 (2010), 3049–3057.
137. Gangemi, S., Basile, G., Merendino, R.A., Minciullo, P.L., Novick, D., Rubinstein, M., Dinarello, C.A., Balbo, C., Lo Franceschi, C., Basili, S., Increased circulating Interleukin-18 levels in centenarians with no signs of vascular disease: another paradox of longevity?. Exp. Gerontol. 38 (2003), 669–672.
138. Gayoso, I., Sanchez-Correa, B., Campos, C., Alonso, C., Pera, A., Casado, J.G., Morgado, S., Tarazona, R., Solana, R., Immunosenescence of human natural killer cells. J. Innate Immun. 3 (2011), 337–343.
139. Gerli, R., Monti, D., Bistoni, O., Mazzone, A.M., Peri, G., Cossarizza, A., Di Gioacchino, M., Cesarotti, M.E.F., Doni, A., Mantovani, A., Chemokines, sTNF-Rs and sCD30 serum levels in healthy aged people and centenarians. Mech. Ageing Dev. 121 (2001), 37–46.
140. Gill, H.S., Rutherfurd, K.J., Cross, M.L., Dietary probiotic supplementation enhances natural killer cell activity in the elderly: an investigation of age-related immunological changes. J. Clin. Immunol. 21 (2001), 264–271.
141. Gilmore, T., Rel/NF-kappaB Transcription Factors. 2010, Boston University http://www.bu.edu/nf-kb/.
142. Giuliani, N., Sansoni, P., Girasole, G., Vescovini, R., Passeri, G., Passeri, M., Pedrazzoni, M., Serum interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-6 receptor and soluble gp130 exhibit different patterns of age-and menopause-related changes. Exp. Gerontol. 36 (2001), 547–557.
143. Goodwin, K., Viboud, C., Simonsen, L., Antibody response to influenza vaccination in the elderly: a quantitative review. Vaccine 24 (2006), 1159–1169.
144. Gravekamp, C., Cancer vaccination at older age. Interdiscip.Top.Gerontol 38 (2013), 28–37.
145. Gregor, M.F., Hotamisligil, G.S., Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 29 (2011), 415–445.
146. Grenham, S., Clarke, G., Cryan, J.F., Dinan, T.G., Brain-gut-microbe communication in health and disease. Front. Physiol., 7, 2011, 94.
147. Grignolio, A., Mishto, M., Faria, A.M.C., Garagnani, P., Franceschi, C., Tieri, P., Towards a liquid self: how time, geography, and life experiences reshape the biological identity. Front. Immunol., 5, 2014, 153.
148. Grubeck-Loebenstein, B., La Bella, S., Iorio, A.M., Michel, J.P., Pawelec, G., Solana, R., Immunosenescence and vaccine failure in the elderly. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 21 (2009), 201–209.
149. Grundt, H., Nilsen, D.W.T., Mansoor, M.A., Hetland, Ø., Nordøy, A., Reduction in homocysteine by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids after 1øyear in a randomised double-blind study following an acute myocardial infarction: no effect on endothelial adhesion properties. Pathophysiol. Haemost. Thromb. 33 (2003), 88–95.
150. Guigoz, Y., Dore, J., Schiffrin, E.J., The inflammatory status of old age can be nurtured from the intestinal environment. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care. 11 (2008), 13–20.
151. Guillemard, E., Tondu, F., Lacoin, F., Schrezenmeir, J., Consumption of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 reduces the duration of respiratory infections in the elderly in a randomised controlled trial. Br. J. Nutr. 103 (2010), 58–68.
152. Guillemot-Legris, O., Muccioli, G.G., Obesity-Induced neuroinflammation: beyond the hypothalamus. Trends Neurosci. 40 (2017), 237–253.
153. Hager, K., Machein, U., Krieger, S., Interleukin-6 and selected plasma proteins in healthy persons of different ages. Neurobiol. Aging 15 (1994), 771–772.
154. Hamed, M.S., Gambert, S., Bliden, K.P., Bailon, O., Singla, A., Antonino, M.J., Hamed, F., Tantry, U.S., Gurbel, P.A., Dark chocolate effect on platelet activity, C-reactive protein and lipid profile: a pilot study. South. Med. J. 101 (2008), 1203–1208.
155. Hanski, I., von Hertzen, L., Fyhrquist, N., Koskinen, K., Torppa, K., Laatikainen, T., Karisola, P., Auvinen, P., Paulin, L., Mäkelä, M.J., Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota, and allergy are interrelated. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109 (2012), 8334–8339.
156. Hansson, G.K., Hermansson, A., The immune system in atherosclerosis. Nat. Immunol. 12 (2011), 204–212.
157. Harris, T.B., Ferrucci, L., Tracy, R.P., Corti, M.C., Wacholder, S., Ettinger, W.H. Jr, Heimovitz, H., Cohen, H.J., Wallace, R., Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly. Am. J. Med. 106 (1999), 506–512.
158. Harrison, N.A., Brydon, L., Walker, C., Gray, M.A., Steptoe, A., Critchley, H.D., Inflammation causes mood changes through alterations in subgenual cingulate activity and mesolimbic connectivity. Biol. Psychiatry 66 (2009), 407–414.
159. He, C., Tsuchiyama, S.K., Nguyen, Q.T., Plyusnina, E.N., Terrill, S.R., Sahibzada, S., Patel, B., Faulkner, A.R., Shaposhnikov, M.V., Tian, R., Enhanced longevity by ibuprofen, conserved in multiple species, occurs in yeast through inhibition of tryptophan import. PLoS Genet., 10, 2014, e1004860.
160. Heijtz, R.D., Wang, S., Anuar, F., Qian, Y., Björkholm, B., Samuelsson, A., Hibberd, M.L., Forssberg, H., Pettersson, S., Normal gut microbiota modulates brain development and behavior. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 108 (2011), 3047–3052.
161. Henao-Mejia, J., Elinav, E., Jin, C., Hao, L., Mehal, W.Z., Strowig, T., Thaiss, C.A., Kau, A.L., Eisenbarth, S.C., Jurczak, M.J., Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 482 (2012), 179–185.
162. Heptinstall, S., May, J., Fox, S., Kwik-Uribe, C., Zhao, L., Cocoa flavanols and platelet and leukocyte function: recent in vitro and ex vivo studies in healthy adults. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 47 (2006), S197–S205.
163. Herati, R.S., Reuter, M.A., Dolfi, D.V., Mansfield, K.D., Aung, H., Badwan, O.Z., Kurupati, R.K., Kannan, S., Ertl, H., Schmader, K.E., Circulating CXCR5+ PD-1+ response predicts influenza vaccine antibody responses in young adults but not elderly adults. J. Immunol. 193 (2014), 3528–3537.
164. Hjerkinn, E.M., Seljeflot, I., Ellingsen, I., Berstad, P., Hjermann, I., Sandvik, L., Arnesen, H., Influence of long-term intervention with dietary counseling, long-chain n-3 fatty acid supplements, or both on circulating markers of endothelial activation in men with long-standing hyperlipidemia. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 81 (2005), 583–589.
165. Hoffmann, A., Baltimore, D., Circuitry of nuclear factor kappaB signaling. Immunol. Rev. 210 (2006), 171–186.
166. Hotamisligil, G.S., Inflammation, metaflammation and immunometabolic disorders. Nature 542 (2017), 177–185.
167. Howcroft, T.K., Campisi, J., Louis, G.B., Smith, M.T., Wise, B., Wyss-Coray, T., Augustine, A.D., McElhaney, J.E., Kohanski, R., Sierra, F., The role of inflammation in age-related disease. Aging 5 (2013), 84–93.
168. Hubbard, R.E., Woodhouse, K.W., Frailty, inflammation and the elderly. Biogerontology 11 (2010), 635–641.
169. Ikeda, Y., Shimada, K., Teramoto, T., Uchiyama, S., Yamazaki, T., Oikawa, S., Sugawara, M., Ando, K., Murata, M., Yokoyama, K., Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in Japanese patients 60 years or older with atherosclerotic risk factors: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 312 (2014), 2510–2520.
170. Ishikawa, H., Mutoh, M., Suzuki, S., Tokudome, S., Saida, Y., Abe, T., Okamura, S., Tajika, M., Joh, T., Tanaka, S., The preventive effects of low-dose enteric-coated aspirin tablets on the development of colorectal tumours in Asian patients: a randomised trial. Gut 63 (2014), 1755–1759.
171. Jain, S., Chaves, S.S., Obesity and influenza. Clin. Infect. Dis. 53 (2011), 422–424.
172. Jellema, A., Plat, J., Mensink, R.P., Weight reduction, but not a moderate intake of fish oil, lowers concentrations of inflammatory markers and PAI-1 antigen in obese men during the fasting and postprandial state. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 34 (2004), 766–773.
173. Jemal, A., Thomas, A., Murray, T., Thun, M., Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J. Clin. 52 (2002), 23–47.
174. Jeon, O.H., Kim, C., Laberge, R.M., Demaria, M., Rathod, S., Vasserot, A.P., Chung, J.W., Kim, D.H., Poon, Y., David, N., Baker, D.J., van Deursen, J.M., Campisi, J., Elisseeff, J.H., Local clearance of senescent cells attenuates the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and creates a pro-regenerative environment. Nat. Med. 23 (2017), 775–781.
175. Jylhä, M., Paavilainen, P., Lehtimäki, T., Goebeler, S., Karhunen, P.J., Hervonen, A., Hurme, M., Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein as predictors of mortality in nonagenarians: the vitality 90+ study. J. Gerontol. Series A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 62 (2007), 1016–1021.
176. König, J., Wells, J.M., Cani, P.D., García-Ródenas, C.L., MacDonald, T., Mercenier, A., Whyte, J., Troost, F., Brummer, R.-J., Human intestinal barrier function in health and disease. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol., 7, 2016, e196.
177. Kabir, M., Skurnik, G., Naour, N., Pechtner, V., Meugnier, E., Rome, S., Quignard-Boulangé, A., Vidal, H., Slama, G., Clément, K., Treatment for 2 mo with n- 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces adiposity and some atherogenic factors but does not improve insulin sensitivity in women with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 86 (2007), 1670–1679.
178. Karlsson, F.H., Fak, F., Nookaew, I., Tremaroli, V., Fagerberg, B., Petranovic, D., Bäckhed, F., Nielsen, J., Symptomatic atherosclerosis is associated with an altered gut metagenome. Nat. Commun., 3, 2012, 1245.
179. Kelley, D.S., Siegel, D., Fedor, D.M., Adkins, Y., Mackey, B.E., DHA supplementation decreases serum C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in hypertriglyceridemic men. J. Nutr. 139 (2009), 495–501.
180. Kennedy, B.K., Berger, S.L., Brunet, A., Campisi, J., Cuervo, A.M., Epel, E.S., Franceschi, C., Lithgow, G.J., Morimoto, R.I., Pessin, J.E., Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell 159 (2014), 709–713.
181. Kim, R., Emi, M., Tanabe, K., Cancer cell immune escape and tumor progression by exploitation of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses. Cancer Biol. Ther. 4 (2005), 924–933.
182. Kim, R., Emi, M., Tanabe, K., Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape. Immunology 121 (2007), 1–14.
183. Kim, J.Y., Paik, J.K., Kim, O.Y., Park, H.W., Lee, J.H., Jang, Y., Lee, J.H., Effects of lycopene supplementation on oxidative stress and markers of endothelial function in healthy men. Atherosclerosis 215 (2011), 189–195.
184. Kitagami, T., Yamada, K., Miura, H., Hashimoto, R., Nabeshima, T., Ohta, T., Mechanism of systemically injected interferon-alpha impeding monoamine biosynthesis in rats: role of nitric oxide as a signal crossing the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res. 978 (2003), 104–114.
185. Klein-Platat, C., Drai, J., Oujaa, M., Schlienger, J.L., Simon, C., Plasma fatty acid composition is associated with the metabolic syndrome and low-grade inflammation in overweight adolescents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82 (2005), 1178–1184.
186. Knüpfer, H., Preiß, R., Significance of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in breast cancer (review). Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 102 (2007), 129–135.
187. Kohyama, N., Nagata, T., Fujimoto, S., Sekiya, K., Inhibition of arachidonate lipoxygenase activities by 2-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethanol, a phenolic compound from olives. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 61 (1997), 347–350.
188. Konsman, J.P., Parnet, P., Dantzer, R., Cytokine-induced sickness behaviour: mechanisms and implications. Trends Neurosci. 25 (2002), 154–159.
189. Koo, J.W., Duman, R.S., IL-1beta is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105 (2008), 751–756.
190. Krabbe, K.S., Pedersen, M., Bruunsgaard, H., Inflammatory mediators in the elderly. Exp. Gerontol. 39 (2004), 687–699.
191. Krebs, J.D., Browning, L.M., McLean, N.K., Rothwell, J.L., Mishra, G.D., Moore, C.S., Jebb, S.A., Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women. Int. J. Obes. (Lond). 30 (2006), 1535–1544.
192. Krishnamurthy, J., Torrice, C., Ramsey, M.R., Kovalev, G.I., Al-Regaiey, K., Su, L., Sharpless, N.E., Ink4a/Arf expression is a biomarker of aging. J. Clin. Invest. 114 (2004), 1299–1307.
193. López-Otín, C., Blasco, M.A., Partridge, L., Serrano, M., Kroemer, G., The hallmarks of aging. Cell 153 (2013), 1194–1217.
194. Lacosta, S., Merali, Z., Anisman, H., Central monoamine activity following acute and repeated systemic interleukin-2 administration. Neuroimmunomodulation 8 (2000), 83–90.
195. Laird, E., McNulty, H., Ward, M., Hoey, L., McSorley, E., Wallace, J.M.W., Carson, E., Molloy, A.M., Healy, M., Casey, M.C., Vitamin D deficiency is associated with inflammation in older Irish adults. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99 (2014), 1807–1815.
196. Lam, V., Su, J., Koprowski, S., Hsu, A., Tweddell, J.S., Rafiee, P., Gross, G.J., Salzman, N.H., Baker, J.E., Intestinal microbiota determine severity of myocardial infarction in rats. FASEB J. 26 (2012), 1727–1735.
197. Lamkanfi, M., Dixit, V.M., Mechanisms and functions of inflammasomes. Cell 157 (2014), 1013–1022.
198. Lang, P.O., Samaras, N., Samaras, D., Aspinall, R., How important is vitamin D in preventing infections?. Osteoporos. Int. 24 (2013), 1537–1553.
199. Laugerette, F., Alligier, M., Bastard, J.P., Drai, J., Chanséaume, E., Lambert-Porcheron, S., Laville, M., Morio, B., Vidal, H., Michalski, M.C., Overfeeding increases postprandial endotoxemia in men: inflammatory outcome may depend on LPS transporters LBP and sCD14. MNFR Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 58 (2014), 1513–1518.
200. Le Chatelier, E., Nielsen, T., Qin, J., Prifti, E., Hildebrand, F., Falony, G., Almeida, M., Arumugam, M., Batto, J.-M., Kennedy, S., Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature 500 (2013), 541–546.
201. Lenardo, M., Baltimore, D., NF-kappa B: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Cell 58 (1989), 227–229.
202. Lepage, P., Häsler, R., Spehlmann, M.E., Rehman, A., Zvirbliene, A., Begun, A., Ott, S., Kupcinskas, L., Doré, J., Raedler, A., Twin study indicates loss of interaction between microbiota and mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 141 (2011), 227–236.
203. Lesourd, B., Nutritional factors and immunological ageing. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 65 (2006), 319–325.
204. Li, J., Tang, Y., Cai, D., IKKbeta/NF-kappaB disrupts adult hypothalamic neural stem cells to mediate a neurodegenerative mechanism of dietary obesity and pre-diabetes. Nat. Cell Biol. 14:10 (2012), 999–1012.
205. Liese, A.D., Weis, K.E., Schulz, M., Tooze, J.A., Food intake patterns associated with incident type 2 diabetes: the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes Care 32 (2009), 263–268.
206. Liu, Y., Gao, S.J., Du, B.X., Wang, J.J., Association of IL-6 polymorphisms with hepatocellular carcinoma risk: evidences from a meta-analysis. Tumour.Biol 35 (2014), 3551–3561.
207. Lopez-Garcia, E., Schulze, M.B., Manson, J.E., Meigs, J.B., Albert, C.M., Rifai, N., Willett, W.C., Hu, F.B., Consumption of (n-3) fatty acids is related to plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation in women. J. Nutr. 134 (2004), 1806–1811.
208. Lopez-Garcia, E., Schulze, M.B., Fung, T.T., Meigs, J.B., Rifai, N., Manson, J.E., Hu, F.B., Major dietary patterns are related to plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80 (2004), 1029–1035.
209. Ma, Y., Hebert, J.R., Li, W., Bertone-Johnson, E.R., Olendzki, B., Pagoto, S.L., Tinker, L., Rosal, M.C., Ockene, I.S., Ockene, J.K., Griffith, J.A., Liu, S., Association between dietary fiber and markers of systemic inflammation in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Nutrition 24 (2008), 941–949.
210. Machado, M.V., Cortez-Pinto, H., Gut microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann. Hepatol. 11 (2012), 440–449.
211. Madsen, T., Christensen, J.H., Schmidt, E.B., C-reactive protein and n-3 fatty acids in patients with a previous myocardial infarction: a placebo-controlled randomized study. Eur. J. Nutr. 46 (2007), 428–430.
212. Madsen, T., Schmidt, E.B., Christensen, J.H., The effect of n-3 fatty acids on C-reactive protein levels in patients with chronic renal failure. J. Ren. Nutr. 17 (2007), 258–263.
213. Mahmoudi, S., Brunet, A., Aging and reprogramming: a two-way street. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 24 (2012), 744–756.
214. Makino, S., Ikegami, S., Kume, A., Horiuchi, H., Sasaki, H., Orii, N., Reducing the risk of infection in the elderly by dietary intake of yoghurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1. Br. J. Nutr. 104 (2010), 998–1006.
215. Malhotra, R., Wormald, M.R., Rudd, P.M., Fischer, P.B., Dwek, R.A., Sim, R.B., Glycosylation changes of IgG associated with rheumatoid arthritis can activate complement via the mannose-binding protein. Nat. Med. 1 (1995), 237–243.
216. Mandi, Y., Vecsei, L., The kynurenine system and immunoregulation. J. Neural Transm. 119 (2012), 197–209.
217. Mañe, J., Pedrosa, E., Lorèn, V., Gassull, M.A., Espadaler, J., Cuñé, J., Audivert, S., Bonachera, M.A., Cabré, E., A mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315 and CECT 7316 enhances systemic immunity in elderly subjects. A dose-response double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot trial. Nutr. Hosp. 26 (2011), 228–235.
218. Maneerat, S., Lehtinen, M.J., Childs, C.E., Forssten, S.D., Alhoniemi, E., Tiphaine, M., Yaqoob, P., Ouwehand, A.C., Rastall, R.A., Consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 by healthy elderly adults enhances phagocytic activity of monocytes and granulocytes. J. Nutr. Sci., 2, 2013, e44.
219. Manning, P.J., Sutherland, W.H., McGrath, M.M., de Jong, S.A., Walker, R.J., Williams, M.J., Postprandial cytokine concentrations and meal composition in obese and lean women. Obes. (Silver Spring) 16 (2008), 2046–2052.
220. Markkula, A., Simonsson, M., Ingvar, C., Rose, C., Jernstrom, H., IL6 genotype, tumour ER-status, and treatment predicted disease-free survival in a prospective breast cancer cohort. BMC Cancer, 14, 2014, 759.
221. Marques-Rocha, J.L., Samblas, M., Milagro, F.I., Bressan, J., Martinez, J.A., Marti, A., Noncoding RNAs, cytokines, and inflammation-related diseases. FASEB J. 29 (2015), 3595–3611.
222. Martinez-Vicente, M., Cuervo, A.M., Autophagy and neurodegeneration: when the cleaning crew goes on strike. Lancet Neurol. 6 (2007), 352–361.
223. Martinon, F., Burns, K., Tschopp, J., The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proILβ. Mol. Cell 10 (2002), 417–426.
224. McGeer, P.L., Schulzer, M., McGeer, E.G., Arthritis and anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease A review of 17 epidemiologic studies. Neurology 47 (1996), 425–432.
225. McNay, D.E.G., Briancon, N., Kokoeva, M.V., Maratos-Flier, E., Flier, J.S., Remodeling of the arcuate nucleus energy-balance circuit is inhibited in obese mice. J. Clin. Invest. 122 (2012), 142–152.
226. Menu, P., Mayor, A., Zhou, R., Tardivel, A., Ichijo, H., Mori, K., Tschopp, J., ER stress activates the NLRP3 inflammasome via an UPR-independent pathway. Cell Death Dis., 26, 2012, e261.
227. Meyer, K.C., Rosenthal, N.S., Soergel, P., Peterson, K., Neutrophils and low-grade inflammation in the seemingly normal aging human lung. Mech. Ageing Dev. 104 (1998), 169–181.
228. Meyer, K.C., The role of immunity and inflammation in lung senescence and susceptibility to infection in the elderly. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2010, 561–574.
229. Mishto, M., Santoro, A., Bellavista, E., Bonafè, M., Monti, D., Franceschi, C., Immunoproteasomes and immunosenescence. Ageing Res. Rev. 2 (2003), 419–432.
230. Mohapatra, P.R., Hota, D., Dietary fortification of aspirin: a novel modality for cancer prevention. Am. J. Med., 2, 2013, e13.
231. Monagas, M., Khan, N., Ndres-Lacueva, C., Casas, R., Urpí-Sardà, M., Llorach, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M., Estruch, R., Effect of cocoa powder on the modulation of inflammatory biomarkers in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 90 (2009), 1144–1150.
232. Mori, T.A., Woodman, R.J., Burke, V., Puddey, I.B., Croft, K.D., Beilin, L.J., Effect of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in treated-hypertensive type 2 diabetic subjects. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 35 (2003), 772–781.
233. Moro-García, M.A., Alonso-Arias, R., Baltadjieva, M., Fernández Benítez, C., Fernández Barrial, M.A., Díaz Ruisánchez, E., Alonso Santos, R., Sánchez, M.A., Saavedra Mijan, J., Lopez-Larrea, C., Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 8481 enhances systemic immunity in elderly subjects. Age (Omaha) 35 (2013), 1311–1326.
234. Morrisette-Thomas, V., Cohen, A.A., Fülöp, T., Riesco, E., Legault, V., Li, Q., Milot, E., Dusseault-Bélanger, F., Ferrucci, L., Inflamm-aging does not simply reflect increases in pro-inflammatory markers. Mech. Ageing Dev. 139 (2014), 49–57.
235. Muller, L., Pawelec, G., Aging and immunity − impact of behavioral intervention. Brain Behav. Immun. 39 (2014), 8–22.
236. Muller, L., Pawelec, G., Derhovanessian, E., The immune system during ageing. Calder, P., Yaqoob, P., (eds.) Diet, Immunity, and Inflammation., 2012, Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge.
237. Munoz-Espin, D., Canamero, M., Maraver, A., Gomez-Lopez, G., Contreras, J., Murillo-Cuesta, S., Rodriguez-Baeza, A., Varela-Nieto, I., Ruberte, J., Collado, M., Serrano, M., Programmed cell senescence during mammalian embryonic development. Cell 155 (2013), 1104–1118.
238. Murphy, K.J., Meyer, B.J., Mori, T.A., Burke, V., Mansour, J., Patch, C.S., Tapsell, L.C., Noakes, M., Clifton, P.A., Barden, A., Impact of foods enriched with n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on erythrocyte n-3 levels and cardiovascular risk factors. Br. J. Nutr. 97 (2007), 749–757.
239. Musselman, D.L., Lawson, D.H., Gumnick, J.F., Manatunga, A.K., Penna, S., Goodkin, R.S., Greiner, K., Nemeroff, C.B., Miller, A.H., Paroxetine for the prevention of depression induced by high-dose interferon alfa. N. Engl. J. Med. 344 (2001), 961–966.
240. Muyanja, E., Ssemaganda, A., Ngauv, P., Cubas, R., Perrin, H., Srinivasan, D., Canderan, G., Lawson, B., Kopycinski, J., Graham, A.S., Immune activation alters cellular and humoral responses to yellow fever 17D vaccine. J. Clin. Invest., 124, 2014, 3147.
241. Nakahira, K., Haspel, J.A., Rathinam, V.A., Lee, S.J., Dolinay, T., Lam, H.C., Englert, J.A., Rabinovitch, M., Cernadas, M., Kim, H.P., Fitzgerald, K.A., Ryter, S.W., Choi, A.M., Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the re- lease of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. Nat. Immunol. 12 (2011), 222–230.
242. Nakhai Pour, H.R., Grobbee, D.E., Muller, M., van der Schouw, Y.T., Association of endogenous sex hormone with C-reactive protein levels in middle-aged and elderly men. Clin. Endocrinol. 66 (2007), 394–398.
243. Neurauter, G., Schrocksnadel, K., Scholl-Burgi, S., Sperner-Unterweger, B., Schubert, C., Ledochowski, M., Fuchs, D., Chronic immune stimulation correlates with reduced phenylalanine turnover. Curr. Drug Metab. 9 (2008), 622–627.
244. Newman, M.E.J., Mixing patterns in networks. Phys. Rev. E, 67, 2003, 26126.
245. Neyestani, T.R., Shariatzade, N., Kalayi, A., Gharavi, A., Khalaji, N., Dadkhah, M., Zowghi, T., Haidari, H., Shab-bidar, S., Regular daily intake of black tea improves oxidative stress biomarkers and decreases serum C-reactive protein levels in type 2 diabetic patients. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 57 (2010), 40–49.
246. Nicoletti, C., Age-associated changes of the intestinal epithelial barrier: local and systemic implications. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9 (2015), 1467–1469.
247. O'Toole, P.W., Jeffery, I.B., Gut microbiota and aging. Science 350 (2015), 1214–1215.
248. Olivieri, F., Rippo, M.R., Monsurrò, V., Salvioli, S., Capri, M., Procopio, A.D., Franceschi, C., MicroRNAs linking inflamm-aging, cellular senescence and cancer. Ageing Res. Rev. 12 (2013), 1056–1068.
249. Ouwehand, A.C., Tiihonen, K., Saarinen, M., Putaala, H., Rautonen, N., Influence of a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and lactitol on healthy elderly: intestinal and immune parameters. Br. J. Nutr. 101 (2009), 367–375.
250. Oyama, J., Maeda, T., Sasaki, M., Kozuma, K., Ochiai, R., Tokimitsu, I., Taguchi, S., Higuchi, Y., Makino, N., Green tea catechins improve human forearm vascular function and have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in smokers. Intern. Med. 49 (2010), 2553–2559.
251. Pace, T.W.W., Hu, F., Miller, A.H., Cytokine-effects on glucocorticoid receptor function: relevance to glucocorticoid resistance and the pathophysiology and treatment of major depression. Brain. Behav. Immun. 21 (2007), 9–19.
252. Pahl, H., Activators and target genes of Rel/NF-kappaB transcription factors. Oncogene 18 (1999), 6853–6866.
253. Palmer, D.B., The effect of age on thymic function. Front. Immunol., 4, 2013, 316.
254. Pariante, C.M., Miller, A.H., Glucocorticoid receptors in major depression: relevance to pathophysiology and treatment. Biol. Psychiatry 49 (2001), 391–404.
255. Park, J.S., Chyun, J.H., Kim, Y.K., Line, L.L., Chew, B.P., Astaxanthin decreased oxidative stress and inflammation and enhanced immune response in humans. Nutr. Metab., 7, 2010, 18.
256. Parmigiani, A., Alcaide, M.L., Freguja, R., Pallikkuth, S., Frasca, D., Fischl, M.A., Pahwa, S., Impaired antibody response to influenza vaccine in HIV-infected and uninfected aging women is associated with immune activation and inflammation. PLoS One, 13, 2013, e79816.
257. Passos, J.F., Nelson, G., Wang, C., Richter, T., Simillion, C., Proctor, C.J., Miwa, S., Olijslagers, S., Hallinan, J., Wipat, A., Saretzki, G., Rudolph, K.L., Kirkwood, T.B., Von Zglinicki, T., Feedback between p21 and reactive oxygen production is necessary for cell se- nescence. Mol. Syst. Biol., 6, 2010, 347.
258. Pawelec, G., Larbi, A., Derhovanessian, E., Senescence of the human immune system. J. Comp. Pathol. 142 (2010), S39–S44.
259. Pearce, D., Bonnet, D., Ageing within the hematopoietic stem cell compartment. Mech. Ageing Dev. 130 (2009), 54–57.
260. Pedersen, M., Bruunsgaard, H., Weis, N., Hendel, H.W., Andreassen, B.U., Eldrup, E., Dela, F., Pedersen, B.K., Circulating levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6-relation to truncal fat mass and muscle mass in healthy elderly individuals and in patients with type-2 diabetes. Mech. Ageing Dev. 124 (2003), 495–502.
261. Pera, A., Campos, C., López, N., Hassouneh, F., Alonso, C., Tarazona, R., Solana, R., Immunosenescence: implications for response to infection and vaccination in older people. Maturitas 82 (2015), 50–55.
262. Pignone, M., Alberts, M.J., Colwell, J.A., Cushman, M., Inzucchi, S.E., Mukherjee, D., Rosenson, R.S., Williams, C.D., Wilson, P.W., Kirkman, M.S., Aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 55 (2010), 2878–2886.
263. Pinti, M., Cevenini, E., Nasi, M., De Biasi, S., Salvioli, S., Monti, D., Benatti, S., Gibellini, L., Cotichini, R., Stazi, M.A., Trenti, T., Franceschi, C., Cossarizza, A., Circulating mitochondrial DNA increases with age and is a familiar trait: implications for inflammaging. Eur. J. Immunol. 44 (2014), 1552–1562.
264. Pischon, T., Hankinson, S.E., Hotamisligil, G.S., Rifai, N., Willett, W.C., Rimm, E.B., Habitual dietary intake of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids in relation to inflammatory markers among US men and women. Circulation 108 (2003), 155–160.
265. Ponda, M.P., Dowd, K., Finkielstein, D., Holt, P.R., Breslow, J.L., The short-term effects of Vitamin D repletion on cholesterol a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 32 (2012), 2510–2515.
266. Pot, G.K., Brouwer, I.A., Enneman, A., Rijkers, G.T., Kampman, E., Geelen, A., No effect of fish oil supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and their interrelationships: a randomized controlled trial in healthy, middle-aged individuals. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 63 (2009), 1353–1359.
267. Price, R.K., Wallace, J.M., Hamill, L.L., Keaveney, E.M., Strain, J.J., Parker, M.J., Welch, R.W., Evaluation of the effect of wheat aleurone-rich foods on markers of antioxidant status, inflammation and endothelial function in apparently healthy men and women. Br. J. Nutr. 108 (2012), 1644–1651.
268. Provinciali, M., Barucca, A., Cardelli, M., Marchegiani, F., Pierpaoli, E., Inflammation, aging, and cancer vaccines. Biogerontology 11 (2010), 615–626.
269. Puglisi, M.J., Vaishnav, U., Shrestha, S., Torres-Gonzalez, M., Wood, R.J., Volek, J.S., Fernandez, M.L., Raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines. Lipids Health Dis., 16, 2008, 14.
270. Qin, J., Li, Y., Cai, Z., Li, S., Zhu, J., Zhang, F., Liang, S., Zhang, W., Guan, Y., Shen, D., A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature 490 (2012), 55–60.
271. Raison, C.L., Miller, A.H., When not enough is too much: the role of insufficient glucocorticoid signaling in the pathophysiology of stress-related disorders. Am. J. Psychiatry 160 (2003), 1554–1565.
272. Rajilic-Stojanovic, M., Biagi, E., Heilig, H.G.H.J., Kajander, K., Kekkonen, R.A., Tims, S., de Vos, W.M., Global and deep molecular analysis of microbiota signatures in fecal samples from patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 141 (2011), 1792–1801.
273. Rampelli, S., Candela, M., Turroni, S., Biagi, E., Collino, S., Franceschi, C., O'Toole, P.W., Brigidi, P., Functional metagenomic profiling of intestinal microbiome in extreme ageing. Aging (Milano) 5 (2013), 902–912.
274. Rasic-Milutinovic, Z., Perunicic, G., Pljesa, S., Gluvic, Z., Sobajic, S., Djuric, I., Ristic, D., Effects of N-3 PUFAs supplementation on insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers in hemodialysis patients. Ren. Fail. 29 (2007), 321–329.
275. Rask-Madsen, J., Bukhave, K., Laursen, L.S., Lauritsen, K., 5-Lipoxygenase inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Agents Actions Spec., 1992, C37–46.
276. Ravn-Haren, G., Dragsted, L.O., Buch-Andersen, T., Jensen, E.N., Jensen, R.I., Nemeth-Balogh, M., Paulovicsova, B., Bergstrom, A., Wilcks, A., Licht, T.R., Markowski, J., Bugel, S., Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Nutr. 52 (2013), 1875–1889.
277. Riso, P., Visioli, F., Grande, S., Guarnieri, S., Gardana, C., Simonetti, P., Porrini, M., Effect of a tomato-based drink on markers of inflammation, immunomodulation, and oxidative stress. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54 (2006), 2563–2566.
278. Robbesyn, F., Salvayre, R., Negre-Salvayre, A., Dual role of oxidized LDL on the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Free Radic. Res. 38 (2004), 541–551.
279. Roberts, C.K., Ng, C., Hama, S., Eliseo, A.J., Barnard, R.J., Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on inflammatory/anti-inflammatory properties of HDL in overweight/obese men with cardiovascular risk factors. J. Appl. Physiol. 101 (2006), 1727–1732.
280. Roberts, C.K., Won, D., Pruthi, S., Kurtovic, S., Sindhu, R.K., Vaziri, N.D., Barnard, R.J., Effect of a short-term diet and exercise intervention on oxidative stress, inflammation, MMP-9, and monocyte chemotactic activity in men with metabolic syndrome factors. J. Appl. Physiol. 100 (2006), 1657–1665.
281. Roberts, C.K., Won, D., Pruthi, S., Lin, S.S., Barnard, R.J., Effect of a diet and exercise intervention on oxidative stress: inflammation and monocyte adhesion in diabetic men. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 73 (2006), 249–259.
282. Rodier, F., Coppé, J.P., Patil, C.K., Hoeijmakers, W.A., Muñoz, D.P., Raza, S.R., Freund, A., Campeau, E., Davalos, A.R., Campisi, J., Persistent DNA damage signalling triggers senescence-associated inflammatory cytokine secretion. Nat. Cell Biol. 11:8 (2009), 973–979.
283. Round, J.L., Mazmanian, S.K., The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9 (2009), 313–323.
284. Rozzini, R., Ferrucci, L., Losonczy, K., Havlik, R.J., Guralnik, J.M., Protective effect of chronic NSAID use on cognitive decline in older persons. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 44 (1996), 1025–1029.
285. Russell, S.L., Gold, M.J., Hartmann, M., Willing, B.P., Thorson, L., Wlodarska, M., Gill, N., Blanchet, M., Mohn, W.W., McNagny, K.M., Early life antibiotic-driven changes in microbiota enhance susceptibility to allergic asthma. EMBO Rep. 13 (2012), 440–447.
286. Salgado, R., Junius, S., Benoy, I., Van Dam, P., Vermeulen, P., Van Marck, E., Huget, P., Dirix, L.Y., Circulating interleukin-6 predicts survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Int. J. Cancer 103 (2003), 642–646.
287. Salvioli, S., Monti, D., Lanzarini, C., Conte, M., Pirazzini, C., Giulia Bacalini, M., Garagnani, P., Giuliani, C., Fontanesi, E., Ostan, R., Bucci, L., Sevini, F., Yani, S.L., Barbieri, A., Lomartire, L., Borelli, V., Vianello, D., Bellavista, E., Martucci, M., Cevenini, E., Pini, E., Scurti, M., Biondi, F., Santoro, A., Capri, M., Franceschi, C., Immune system, cell senescence, aging and longevity-inflamm-aging reappraised. Curr. Pharm. Des. 19 (2013), 1675–1679.
288. Sampson, M.J., Davies, I.R., Brown, J.C., Morgan, V., Richardson, T., James, A.J., Sampson, A.P., Hughes, D.A., n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation, monocyte adhesion molecule expression and pro-inflammatory mediators in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet. Med. 18 (2001), 51–58.
289. Sanders, T.A.B., Lewis, F., Slaughter, S., Griffin, B.A., Griffin, M., Davies, I., Millward, D.J., Cooper, J.A., Miller, G.J., Effect of varying the ratio of n- 6 to n- 3 fatty acids by increasing the dietary intake of α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid, or both on fibrinogen and clotting factors VII and XII in persons aged 45–70 y: the OPTILIP Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 84 (2006), 513–522.
290. Sarria, B., Martinez-Lopez, S., Sierra-Cinos, J.L., Garcia-Diz, L., Goya, L., Mateos, R., Bravo, L., Effects of bioactive constituents in functional cocoa products on cardiovascular health in humans. Food Chem. 174 (2015), 214–218.
291. Schiffrin, E.J., Thomas, D.R., Kumar, V.B., Brown, C., Hager, C., Van't Hof, M.A., Morley, J.E., Guigoz, Y., Systemic inflammatory markers in older persons: the effect of oral nutritional supplementation with prebiotics. J. Nutr. Health Aging 11 (2007), 475–479.
292. Schiffrin, E.J., Parlesak, A., Bode, C., Bode, J.C., van't Hof, M.A., Grathwohl, D., Guigoz, Y., Probiotic yogurt in the elderly with intestinal bacterial overgrowth: endotoxaemia and innate immune functions. Br. J. Nutr. 101 (2009), 961–966.
293. Schwab, S., Zierer, A., Schneider, A., Heier, M., Koenig, W., Kastenmuller, G., Waldenberger, M., Peters, A., Thorand, B., Vitamin E supplementation is associated with lower levels of C-reactive protein only in higher dosages and combined with other antioxidants: the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study. Br. J. Nutr. 14 (2015), 1782–1791.
294. Schwarcz, R., Pellicciari, R., Manipulation of brain kynurenines: glial targets, neuronal effects, and clinical opportunities. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303 (2002), 1–10.
295. Schwingshackl, L., Hoffmann, G., Mediterranean dietary pattern, inflammation and endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 24 (2014), 929–939.
296. Seidler, S., Zimmermann, H.W., Bartneck, M., Trautwein, C., Tacke, F., Age-dependent alterations of monocyte subsets and monocyte-related chemokine pathways in healthy adults. BMC. Immunol., 11, 2010, 30.
297. Sheih, Y.H., Chiang, B.L., Wang, L.H., Liao, C.K., Gill, H.S., Systemic immunity-enhancing effects in healthy subjects following dietary consumption of the lactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 20 (2001), 149–156.
298. Shen, Q., Zhao, L., Tuohy, K.M., High-level dietary fibre up-regulates colonic fermentation and relative abundance of saccharolytic bacteria within the human faecal microbiota in vitro. Eur. J. Nutr. 51 (2012), 693–705.
299. Sheridan, P.A., Paich, H.A., Handy, J., Karlsson, E.A., Hudgens, M.G., Sammon, A.B., Holland, L.A., Weir, S., Noah, T.L., Beck, M.A., Obesity is associated with impaired immune response to influenza vaccination in humans. Int. J. Obes. 36 (2012), 1072–1077.
300. Sheridan, P.A., Paich, H.A., Handy, J., Karlsson, E.A., Schultz-Cherry, S., Hudgens, M., Weir, S., Noah, T., Beck, M.A., The antibody response to influenza vaccination is not impaired in type 2 diabetics. Vaccine 33 (2015), 3306–3313.
301. Siegel, R.L., Miller, K.D., Jemal, A., CA. Cancer J. Clin. 65 (2015), 5–29.
302. Sirtori, C.R., Triolo, M., Bosisio, R., Bondioli, A., Calabresi, L., De, V.V., Gomaraschi, M., Mombelli, G., Pazzucconi, F., Zacherl, C., Arnoldi, A., Hypocholesterolaemic effects of lupin protein and pea protein/fibre combinations in moderately hypercholesterolaemic individuals. Br. J. Nutr. 107 (2012), 1176–1183.
303. Slavin, J., Fiber and prebiotics: mechanisms and health benefits. Nutrients 5 (2013), 1417–1435.
304. Sobhani, I., Tap, J., Roudot-Thoraval, F., Roperch, J.P., Letulle, S., Langella, P., Corthier, G., Tran Van Nhieu, J., Furet, J.P., Microbial dysbiosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. PLoS One, 6, 2011, e16393.
305. Sokol, H., Pigneur, B., Watterlot, L., Lakhdari, O., Bermúdez-Humarán, L.G., Gratadoux, J.J., Blugeon, S., Bridonneau, C., Furet, J.P., Corthier, G., Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105 (2008), 16731–16736.
306. Sola, R., Valls, R.M., Godas, G., Perez-Busquets, G., Ribalta, J., Girona, J., Heras, M., Cabre, A., Castro, A., Domenech, G., Torres, F., Masana, L., Angles, N., Reguant, J., Ramirez, B., Barriach, J.M., Cocoa, hazelnuts, sterols and soluble fiber cream reduces lipids and inflammation biomarkers in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One, 7, 2012, e31103.
307. Solana, R., Tarazona, R., Gayoso, I., Lesur, O., Dupuis, G., Fulop, T., Innate Immunosenescence: Effect of Aging on Cells and Receptors of the Innate Immune System in Humans. 24 ed., 2012, Elsevier, 331–341.
308. Sousa-Ferreira, L., de Almeida, L.P., Cavadas, C., Role of hypothalamic neurogenesis in feeding regulation. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 25:2 (2014), 80–88.
309. Soysal, P., Stubbs, B., Lucato, P., Luchini, C., Solmi, M., Peluso, R., Sergi, G., Isik, A.T., Manzato, E., Maggi, S., Maggio, M., Prina, A.M., Cosco, T.D., Wu, Y.T., Veronese, N., Inflammation and frailty in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res. Rev. 31 (2016), 1–8.
310. Spazzafumo, L., Olivieri, F., Abbatecola, A.M., Castellani, G., Monti, D., Lisa, R., Galeazzi, R., Sirolla, C., Testa, R., Ostan, R., Scurti, M., Caruso, C., Vasto, S., Vescovini, R., Ogliari, G., Mari, D., Lattanzio, F., Franceschi, C., Remodelling of biological parameters during human ageing: evidence for complex regulation in longevity and in type 2 diabetes. Age (Dordr) 35 (2013), 419–429.
311. Steptoe, A., Gibson, E.L., Vuononvirta, R., Hamer, M., Wardle, J., Rycroft, J.A., Martin, J.F., Erusalimsky, J.D., The effects of chronic tea intake on platelet activation and inflammation: a double-blind placebo controlled trial. Atherosclerosis 193 (2007), 277–282.
312. Stote, K.S., Clevidence, B.A., Novotny, J.A., Henderson, T., Radecki, S.V., Baer, D.J., Effect of cocoa and green tea on biomarkers of glucose regulation, oxidative stress, inflammation and hemostasis in obese adults at risk for insulin resistance. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 66 (2012), 1153–1159.
313. Stricker, H., Bianda, F.T., Guidicelli-Nicolosi, S., Limoni, C., Colucci, G., Effect of a single, oral, high-dose vitamin D supplementation on endothelial function in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a randomised controlled pilot study. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 44 (2012), 307–312.
314. Stroikin, Y., Dalen, H., Brunk, U.T., Terman, A., Testing the garbage accumulation theory of ageing: mitotic activity protects cells from death induced by inhibition of autophagy. Biogerontology 6 (2005), 39–47.
315. Strong, R., Miller, R.A., Astle, C.M., Floyd, R.A., Flurkey, K., Hensley, K.L., Javors, M.A., Leeuwenburgh, C., Nelson, J.F., Ongini, E., Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and aspirin increase lifespan of genetically heterogeneous male mice. Aging Cell 7 (2008), 641–650.
316. Takeda, K., Okumura, K., Effects of a fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the human NK-cell activity. J. Nutr. 137 (2007), 791S–793S.
317. Thies, F., Miles, E.A., Nebe-von-Caron, G., Powell, J.R., Hurst, T.L., Newsholme, E.A., Calder, P.C., Influence of dietary supplementation with long-chain n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood inflammatory cell populations and functions and on plasma soluble adhesion molecules in healthy adults. Lipids 36 (2001), 1183–1193.
318. Tremaroli, V., Bäckhed, F., Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Nature 489 (2012), 242–249.
319. Troseid, M., Arnesen, H., Hjerkinn, E.M., Seljeflot, I., Serum levels of interleukin-18 are reduced by diet and n-3 fatty acid intervention in elderly high-risk men. Metabolism 58 (2009), 1543–1549.
320. Trzonkowski, P., Mysliwska, J., Godlewska, B., Szmit, E., Lukaszuk, K., Wieckiewicz, J., Brydak, L., Machala, M., Landowski, J., Mysliwski, A., Immune consequences of the spontaneous pro-inflammatory status in depressed elderly patients. Brain Behav. Immun. 18 (2004), 135–148.
321. Trzonkowski, P., Mysliwska, J., Pawelec, G., Mysliwski, A., From bench to bedside and back: the SENIEUR Protocol and the efficacy of influenza vaccination in the elderly. Biogerontology 10 (2009), 83–94.
322. Turchet, P., Laurenzano, M., Auboiron, S., Antoine, J.M., Effect of fermented milk containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 on winter infections in free-living elderly subjects: a randomised, controlled pilot study. J. Nutr. Health Aging. 7 (2002), 75–77.
323. Valdearcos, M., Xu, A.W., Koliwad, S.K., Hypothalamic inflammation in the control of metabolic function. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 77 (2015), 131–160.
324. Van Deursen, J.M., The role of senescent cells in ageing. Nature 509 (2014), 439–446.
325. Van Puyenbroeck, K., Hens, N., Coenen, S., Michiels, B., Beunckens, C., Molenberghs, G., Van Royen, P., Verhoeven, V., Efficacy of daily intake of Lactobacillus casei Shirota on respiratory symptoms and influenza vaccination immune response: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy elderly nursing home residents. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 95 (2012), 1165–1171.
326. van Tongeren, S.P., Slaets, J.P.J., Harmsen, H.J.M., Welling, G.W., Fecal microbiota composition and frailty. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (2005), 6438–6442.
327. Varadhan, R., Yao, W., Matteini, A., Beamer, B.A., Xue, Q.L., Yang, H., Manwani, B., Reiner, A., Jenny, N., Parekh, N., Fallin, M.D., Newman, A., Bandeen-Roche, K., Tracy, R., Ferrucci, L., Walston, J., Simple biologically informed inflammatory index of two serum cytokines predicts 10 year all-cause mortality in older adults. J Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 69 (2014), 165–173.
328. Wan, Q.L., Zheng, S.Q., Wu, G.S., Luo, H.R., Aspirin extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via AMPK and DAF-16/FOXO in dietary restriction pathway. Exp. Gerontol. 48 (2013), 499–506.
329. Wang, X., Ge, A., Cheng, M., Guo, F., Zhao, M., Zhou, X., Yang, N., Increased hypothalamic inflammation associated with the susceptibility to obesity in rats exposed to high-fat diet. Exp. Diabetes Res., 2012, 10.1155/2012/847246.
330. Wang, J., Tan, L., Wang, H.F., Tan, C.C., Meng, X.F., Wang, C., Tang, S.W., Yu, J.T., Anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of Alzheimer's disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Alzheimer's Dis. 44 (2015), 385–396.
331. Warner, H.R., Ingram, D., Miller, R.A., Nadon, N.L., Richardson, A.G., Program for testing biological interventions to promote healthy aging. Mech. Ageing Dev. 115 (2000), 199–207.
332. Watkins, L.R., Goehler, L.E., Relton, J.K., Tartaglia, N., Silbert, L., Martin, D., Maier, S.F., Blockade of interleukin-1 induced hyperthermia by subdiaphragmatic vagotomy: evidence for vagal mediation of immune-brain communication. Neurosci. Lett. 183 (1995), 27–31.
333. Weber, D.J., Rutala, W.A., Samsa, G.P., Santimaw, J.E., Lemon, S.M., Obesity as a predictor of poor antibody response to hepatitis B plasma vaccine. JAMA 254 (1985), 3187–3189.
334. Weber, D.J., Rutala, W.A., Samsa, G.P., Bradshaw, S.E., Lemon, S.M., Impaired immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in obese persons. N. Engl. J. Med., 314, 1986, 1393.
335. Wei, J., Xu, H., Davies, J.L., Hemmings, G.P., Increase of plasma IL-6 concentration with age in healthy subjects. Life Sci. 51 (1992), 1953–1956.
336. Wen, B.W., Tsai, C.S., Lin, C.L., Chang, Y.J., Lee, C.F., Hsu, C.H., Kao, C.H., Cancer risk among gingivitis and periodontitis patients: a nationwide cohort study. QJM 107 (2014), 283–290.
337. Wichmann, M.A., Cruickshanks, K.J., Carlsson, C.M., Chappell, R., Fischer, M.E., Klein, B.E.K., Klein, R., Schubert, C.R., NSAID use and incident cognitive impairment in a population-based cohort. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 30 (2016), 105–112.
338. Widner, B., Werner, E.R., Schennach, H., Wachter, H., Fuchs, D., Simultaneous measurement of serum tryptophan and kynurenine by HPLC. Clin. Chem. 43 (1997), 2424–2426.
339. Widner, B., Ledochowski, M., Fuchs, D., Interferon gama induced tryptophan degradation neuropsychiatric and immunological consequences. Curr. Drug Metab. 1 (2000), 193–204.
340. Woodman, R.J., Mori, T.A., Burke, V., Puddey, I.B., Barden, A., Watts, G.F., Beilin, L.J., Effects of purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on platelet, fibrinolytic and vascular function in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis 166 (2003), 85–93.
341. Woods, N.F., LaCroix, A.Z., Gray, S.L., Aragaki, A., Cochrane, B.B., Brunner, R.L., Masaki, K., Murray, A., Newman, A.B., Women's Health Initiative, Frailty: emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 2005, 531321–531330.
342. World Health Organization, Definition and Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus and Intermediate Hyperglycaemia: Report of a WHO/IDF Consultation (JOUR)., 2006, World Health Organization, Geneva.
343. Wu, D., Han, S.N., Meydani, M., Meydani, S.N., Effect of concomitant consumption of fish oil and vitamin E on T cell mediated function in the elderly: a randomized double-blind trial. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 25 (2006), 300–306.
344. Yabe, R., Tateno, H., Hirabayashi, J., Frontal affinity chromatography analysisof constructs of DC-SIGN, DC-SIGNR and LSECtin extend evidence for affinity toagalactosylated N-glycans. FEBS J. 277 (2010), 4010–4026.
345. Yamada, H., Yoshida, M., Nakano, Y., Suganami, T., Satoh, N., Mita, T., Azuma, K., Itoh, M., Yamamoto, Y., Kamei, Y., Horie, M., Watada, H., Ogawa, Y., In vivo and in vitro inhibition of monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells and endothelial adhesion molecules by eicosapentaenoic acid. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28 (2008), 2173–2179.
346. Yan, J., Zhang, H., Yin, Y., Li, J., Tang, Y., Purkayastha, S., Li, L., Cai, D., Obesity- and aging-induced excess of central transforming growth factor-β potentiates diabetic development via an RNA stress response. Nat. Med. 20 (2014), 1001–1008.
347. Yancik, R., Cancer burden in the aged. Cancer 80 (1997), 1273–1283.
348. Yin, K., Agrawal, D.K., Vitamin D and inflammatory diseases. J. Inflamm. Res., 7, 2014, 69.
349. Yirmiya, R., Goshen, I., Immune modulation of learning, memory, neural plasticity and neurogenesis. Brain. Behav. Immun. 25 (2011), 181–213.
350. Yiu, Y.F., Yiu, K.H., Siu, C.W., Chan, Y.H., Li, S.W., Wong, L.Y., Lee, S.W.L., Tam, S., Wong, E.W.K., Lau, C.P., Randomized controlled trial of vitamin D supplement on endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 227 (2013), 140–146.
351. Yli-Jama, P., Seljeflot, I., Meyer, H.E., Hjerkinn, E.M., Arnesen, H., Pedersen, J.I., Serum non-esterified very long-chain PUFA are associated with markers of endothelial dysfunction. Atheroscler. Atheroscler. 164 (2002), 275–281.
352. You, J., Dong, H., Mann, E.R., Knight, S.C., Yaqoob, P., Probiotic modulation of dendritic cell function is influenced by ageing. Immunology 219 (2016), 138–148.
353. Yusof, H.M., Miles, E.A., Calder, P., Influence of very long-chain n-3 fatty acids on plasma markers of inflammation in middle-aged men. Prostaglandins. Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids 78 (2008), 219–228.
354. Zhang, K., Shen, X., Wu, J., Sakaki, K., Saunders, T., Rutkowski, D.T., Back, S.H., Kaufman, R.J., Endoplasmic reticulum stress activates cleavage of CREBH to induce a systemic inflammatory response. Cell 124 (2006), 587–599.
355. Zhang, X., Zhang, G., Zhang, H., Karin, M., Bai, H., Cai, D., Hypothalamic IKKbeta/NF-kappaB and ER stress link overnutrition to energy imbalance and obesity. Cell 135 (2008), 61–73.
356. Zhang, X., Cao, J., Zhong, L., Hydroxytyrosol inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, iNOS, and COX-2 expression in human monocytic cells. Naunyn. Schmiedebergs. Arch. Pharmacol. 379 (2009), 581–586.
357. Zhang, Q., Raoof, M., Chen, Y., Sumi, Y., Sursal, T., Junger, W., Brohi, K., Itagaki, K., Hauser, C.J., Circulating mitochondrial DAMPs cause inflammatory responses to injury. Nature 464 (2010), 104–107.
358. Zhang, G., Li, J., Purkayastha, S., Tang, Y., Zhang, H., Yin, Y., Li, B., Liu, G., Cai, D., Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-β, NF-κB and GnRH. Nature 497 (2013), 211–216.
359. Zittermann, A., Frisch, S., Berthold, H.K., Gotting, C., Kuhn, J., Kleesiek, K., Stehle, P., Koertke, H., Koerfer, R., Vitamin D supplementation enhances the beneficial effects of weight loss on cardiovascular disease risk markers. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 89 (2009), 1321–1327.
360. Zunszain, P.A., Anacker, C., Cattaneo, A., Choudhury, S., Musaelyan, K., Myint, A.M., Thuret, S., Price, J., Pariante, C.M., Interleukin-1beta: a new regulator of the kynurenine pathway affecting human hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuropsychopharmacol 37 (2012), 939–949.