메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue , 2015, Pages 131-160

Hypothalamic inflammation in the control of metabolic function

Author keywords

Astrocytes; Cytokines; Fatty acids; Leptin; Microglia

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; SATURATED FATTY ACID;

EID: 84922802034     PISSN: 00664278     EISSN: 15451585     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021014-071656     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (149)

References (184)
  • 1
    • 84856487711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010
    • Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Ogden CL. 2012. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999-2010. JAMA 307:491-97
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 491-497
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Kit, B.K.3    Ogden, C.L.4
  • 2
    • 84856433589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010
    • Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. 2012. Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010. JAMA 307:483-90
    • (2012) JAMA , vol.307 , pp. 483-490
    • Ogden, C.L.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Kit, B.K.3    Flegal, K.M.4
  • 3
    • 33845866857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammation and metabolic disorders
    • Hotamisligil GS. 2006. Inflammation and metabolic disorders. Nature 444:860-67
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 860-867
    • Hotamisligil, G.S.1
  • 4
    • 84872166765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleiotropic actions of insulin resistance and inflammation in metabolic homeostasis
    • Odegaard JI, Chawla A. 2013. Pleiotropic actions of insulin resistance and inflammation in metabolic homeostasis. Science 339:172-77
    • (2013) Science , vol.339 , pp. 172-177
    • Odegaard, J.I.1    Chawla, A.2
  • 5
    • 9144223683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance
    • Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, Tan G, Yang D, et al. 2003. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J. Clin. Investig. 112:1821-30
    • (2003) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.112 , pp. 1821-1830
    • Xu, H.1    Barnes, G.T.2    Yang, Q.3    Tan, G.4    Yang, D.5
  • 7
    • 14644427890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-βand NF-κB
    • Cai D, Yuan M, Frantz DF, Melendez PA, Hansen L, et al. 2005. Local and systemic insulin resistance resulting from hepatic activation of IKK-βand NF-κB. Nat. Med. 11:183-90
    • (2005) Nat. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 183-190
    • Cai, D.1    Yuan, M.2    Frantz, D.F.3    Melendez, P.A.4    Hansen, L.5
  • 8
    • 0036300538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-induced insulin resistance in humanmuscle is associated with changes in diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, and IκB-α
    • Itani SI, Ruderman NB, Schmieder F, BodenG. 2002. Lipid-induced insulin resistance in humanmuscle is associated with changes in diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, and IκB-α. Diabetes 51:2005-11
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 2005-2011
    • Itani, S.I.1    Ruderman, N.B.2    Schmieder, F.3    Boden, G.4
  • 9
    • 23644448924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased p85/55/50 expression and decreased phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase activity in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle
    • BandyopadhyayGK, Yu JG, Ofrecio J, Olefsky JM. 2005. Increased p85/55/50 expression and decreased phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase activity in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle. Diabetes 54:2351-59
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , pp. 2351-2359
    • Bandyopadhyay, G.K.1    Yu, J.G.2    Ofrecio, J.3    Olefsky, J.M.4
  • 13
    • 0030756346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-αfunction
    • UysalKT, Wiesbrock SM, MarinoMW,Hotamisligil GS. 1997. Protection from obesity-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking TNF-αfunction. Nature 389:610-14
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 610-614
    • Uysal, K.T.1    Wiesbrock, S.M.2    Marino, M.W.3    Hotamisligil, G.S.4
  • 14
    • 0027459878 scopus 로고
    • Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-α: Direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance
    • Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. 1993. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-α: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 259:87-91
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 87-91
    • Hotamisligil, G.S.1    Shargill, N.S.2    Spiegelman, B.M.3
  • 15
    • 24944438230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of a fatrich diet activates a proinflammatory response and induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamus
    • De Souza CT, Araujo EP, Bordin S, Ashimine R, Zollner RL, et al. 2005. Consumption of a fatrich diet activates a proinflammatory response and induces insulin resistance in the hypothalamus. Endocrinology 146:4192-99
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 4192-4199
    • De Souza, C.T.1    Araujo, E.P.2    Bordin, S.3    Ashimine, R.4    Zollner, R.L.5
  • 17
    • 79955487247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-induced insulin resistance mediated by the proinflammatory receptor TLR4 requires saturated fatty acid-induced ceramide biosynthesis in mice
    • HollandWL, Bikman BT,Wang LP, Yuguang G, Sargent KM, et al. 2011. Lipid-induced insulin resistance mediated by the proinflammatory receptor TLR4 requires saturated fatty acid-induced ceramide biosynthesis in mice. J. Clin. Investig. 121:1858-70
    • (2011) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.121 , pp. 1858-1870
    • Holland, W.L.1    Bikman, B.T.2    Wang, L.P.3    Yuguang, G.4    Sargent, K.M.5
  • 18
    • 52949096557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic IKKβ/NF-κB and ER stress link overnutrition to energy imbalance and obesity
    • Zhang X, Zhang G, Zhang H, Karin M, Bai H, Cai D. 2008. Hypothalamic IKKβ/NF-κB and ER stress link overnutrition to energy imbalance and obesity. Cell 135:61-73
    • (2008) Cell , vol.135 , pp. 61-73
    • Zhang, X.1    Zhang, G.2    Zhang, H.3    Karin, M.4    Bai, H.5    Cai, D.6
  • 19
    • 84907321291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of adipose tissue immune cells in obesity and low-grade inflammation
    • Mraz M, Haluzik M. 2014. The role of adipose tissue immune cells in obesity and low-grade inflammation. J. Endocrinol. 222:R113-27
    • (2014) J. Endocrinol. , vol.222 , pp. R113-R127
    • Mraz, M.1    Haluzik, M.2
  • 20
    • 78049251400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systems biology approach identifies inflammatory abnormalities between mouse strains prior to development of metabolic disease
    • Mori MA, Liu M, Bezy O, Almind K, Shapiro H, et al. 2010. A systems biology approach identifies inflammatory abnormalities between mouse strains prior to development of metabolic disease. Diabetes 59:2960-71
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , pp. 2960-2971
    • Mori, M.A.1    Liu, M.2    Bezy, O.3    Almind, K.4    Shapiro, H.5
  • 22
    • 34147119799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hormonal control of food intake
    • Coll AP, Farooqi IS, O'Rahilly S. 2007. The hormonal control of food intake. Cell 129:251-62
    • (2007) Cell , vol.129 , pp. 251-262
    • Coll, A.P.1    Farooqi, I.S.2    O'Rahilly, S.3
  • 23
    • 43549101974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The integrative role of CNS fuel-sensing mechanisms in energy balance and glucose regulation
    • Sandoval D, Cota D, Seeley RJ. 2008. The integrative role of CNS fuel-sensing mechanisms in energy balance and glucose regulation. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 70:513-35
    • (2008) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.70 , pp. 513-535
    • Sandoval, D.1    Cota, D.2    Seeley, R.J.3
  • 24
    • 0021248888 scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide y and human pancreatic polypeptide stimulate feeding behavior in rats
    • Clark JT, Kalra PS, CrowleyWR, Kalra SP. 1984. Neuropeptide Y and human pancreatic polypeptide stimulate feeding behavior in rats. Endocrinology 115:427-29
    • (1984) Endocrinology , vol.115 , pp. 427-429
    • Clark, J.T.1    Kalra, P.S.2    Crowley, W.R.3    Kalra, S.P.4
  • 25
    • 0030764741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein
    • Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, Yang YK, Kerns JA, Chen Y, et al. 1997. Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein. Science 278:135-38
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 135-138
    • Ollmann, M.M.1    Wilson, B.D.2    Yang, Y.K.3    Kerns, J.A.4    Chen, Y.5
  • 26
    • 84873131782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic control of energy balance: Insights into the role of synaptic plasticity
    • Dietrich MO, Horvath TL. 2013. Hypothalamic control of energy balance: insights into the role of synaptic plasticity. Trends Neurosci. 36:65-73
    • (2013) Trends Neurosci. , vol.36 , pp. 65-73
    • Dietrich, M.O.1    Horvath, T.L.2
  • 27
    • 0037057802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need to feed: Homeostatic and hedonic control of eating
    • Saper CB, Chou TC, Elmquist JK. 2002. The need to feed: homeostatic and hedonic control of eating. Neuron 36:199-211
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.36 , pp. 199-211
    • Saper, C.B.1    Chou, T.C.2    Elmquist, J.K.3
  • 28
    • 0037387207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons are glucose responsive and express KATP channels
    • Ibrahim N, Bosch MA, Smart JL, Qiu J, Rubinstein M, et al. 2003. Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons are glucose responsive and express KATP channels. Endocrinology 144:1331-40
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , pp. 1331-1340
    • Ibrahim, N.1    Bosch, M.A.2    Smart, J.L.3    Qiu, J.4    Rubinstein, M.5
  • 29
    • 34248204584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of glucosensing neuron subpopulations in the arcuate nucleus: Integration in neuropeptide y and pro-opio melanocortin networks?
    • Fioramonti X, Contie S, Song Z, Routh VH, Lorsignol A, Penicaud L. 2007. Characterization of glucosensing neuron subpopulations in the arcuate nucleus: integration in neuropeptide Y and pro-opio melanocortin networks? Diabetes 56:1219-27
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 1219-1227
    • Fioramonti, X.1    Contie, S.2    Song, Z.3    Routh, V.H.4    Lorsignol, A.5    Penicaud, L.6
  • 30
    • 0023198344 scopus 로고
    • Glucose, insulin and sympathoadrenal activation
    • Levin BE, Sullivan AC. 1987. Glucose, insulin and sympathoadrenal activation. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. 20:233-42
    • (1987) J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. , vol.20 , pp. 233-242
    • Levin, B.E.1    Sullivan, A.C.2
  • 31
    • 0021739077 scopus 로고
    • Thermic effect of glucose in man Obligatory and facultative thermogenesis
    • Acheson KJ, Ravussin E,Wahren J, Jequier E. 1984. Thermic effect of glucose in man. Obligatory and facultative thermogenesis. J. Clin. Investig. 74:1572-80
    • (1984) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.74 , pp. 1572-1580
    • Acheson, K.J.1    Ravussin, E.2    Wahren, J.3    Jequier, E.4
  • 32
    • 0023213629 scopus 로고
    • The effect of intrahypothalamic injections of glucose on sympathetic efferent firing rate
    • Sakaguchi T, Bray GA. 1987. The effect of intrahypothalamic injections of glucose on sympathetic efferent firing rate. Brain Res. Bull. 18:591-95
    • (1987) Brain Res. Bull. , vol.18 , pp. 591-595
    • Sakaguchi, T.1    Bray, G.A.2
  • 34
    • 33846988243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain glucose metabolism controls the hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins
    • Lam TK, Gutierrez-Juarez R, Pocai A, Bhanot S, Tso P, et al. 2007. Brain glucose metabolism controls the hepatic secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Nat. Med. 13:171-80
    • (2007) Nat. Med. , vol.13 , pp. 171-180
    • Lam, T.K.1    Gutierrez-Juarez, R.2    Pocai, A.3    Bhanot, S.4    Tso, P.5
  • 35
    • 0036065628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central administration of oleic acid inhibits glucose production and food intake
    • Obici S, Feng Z, Morgan K, Stein D, Karkanias G, Rossetti L. 2002. Central administration of oleic acid inhibits glucose production and food intake. Diabetes 51:271-75
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 271-275
    • Obici, S.1    Feng, Z.2    Morgan, K.3    Stein, D.4    Karkanias, G.5    Rossetti, L.6
  • 36
    • 3843114555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic responses to long-chain fatty acids are nutritionally regulated
    • Morgan K, Obici S, Rossetti L. 2004. Hypothalamic responses to long-chain fatty acids are nutritionally regulated. J. Biol. Chem. 279:31139-48
    • (2004) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.279 , pp. 31139-31148
    • Morgan, K.1    Obici, S.2    Rossetti, L.3
  • 37
    • 0036460675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein lipase: Structure, function, regulation, and role in disease
    • Mead JR, Irvine SA, Ramji DP. 2002. Lipoprotein lipase: structure, function, regulation, and role in disease. J. Mol. Med. 80:753-69
    • (2002) J. Mol. Med. , vol.80 , pp. 753-769
    • Mead, J.R.1    Irvine, S.A.2    Ramji, D.P.3
  • 38
    • 78650862930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of lipoprotein lipase in neurons modifies the regulation of energy balance and leads to obesity
    • Wang H, Astarita G, Taussig MD, Bharadwaj KG, DiPatrizio NV, et al. 2011. Deficiency of lipoprotein lipase in neurons modifies the regulation of energy balance and leads to obesity. Cell Metab. 13:105-13
    • (2011) Cell Metab. , vol.13 , pp. 105-113
    • Wang, H.1    Astarita, G.2    Taussig, M.D.3    Bharadwaj, K.G.4    Dipatrizio, N.V.5
  • 39
    • 58849149821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saturated fatty acids produce an inflammatory response predominantly through the activation of TLR4 signaling in hypothalamus: Implications for the pathogenesis of obesity
    • Milanski M, Degasperi G, Coope A, Morari J, Denis R, et al. 2009. Saturated fatty acids produce an inflammatory response predominantly through the activation of TLR4 signaling in hypothalamus: implications for the pathogenesis of obesity. J. Neurosci. 29:359-70
    • (2009) J. Neurosci. , vol.29 , pp. 359-370
    • Milanski, M.1    Degasperi, G.2    Coope, A.3    Morari, J.4    Denis, R.5
  • 40
    • 84865000323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased hypothalamic inflammation associated with the susceptibility to obesity in rats exposed to high-fat diet
    • Wang X, Ge A, ChengM, Guo F, Zhao M, et al. 2012. Increased hypothalamic inflammation associated with the susceptibility to obesity in rats exposed to high-fat diet. Exp. Diabetes Res. 2012:847246
    • (2012) Exp. Diabetes Res. , vol.2012 , pp. 847246
    • Wang, X.1    Ge, A.2    Cheng, M.3    Guo, F.4    Zhao, M.5
  • 41
    • 70349484212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MyD88 signaling in the CNS is required for development of fatty acid-induced leptin resistance and diet-induced obesity
    • Kleinridders A, Schenten D, Konner AC, Belgardt BF, Mauer J, et al. 2009. MyD88 signaling in the CNS is required for development of fatty acid-induced leptin resistance and diet-induced obesity. Cell Metab. 10:249-59
    • (2009) Cell Metab. , vol.10 , pp. 249-259
    • Kleinridders, A.1    Schenten, D.2    Konner, A.C.3    Belgardt, B.F.4    Mauer, J.5
  • 42
    • 33847319765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet-induced obesity causes severe but reversible leptin resistance in arcuate melanocortin neurons
    • Enriori PJ, Evans AE, Sinnayah P, Jobst EE, Tonelli-Lemos L, et al. 2007. Diet-induced obesity causes severe but reversible leptin resistance in arcuate melanocortin neurons. Cell Metab. 5:181-94
    • (2007) Cell Metab. , vol.5 , pp. 181-194
    • Enriori, P.J.1    Evans, A.E.2    Sinnayah, P.3    Jobst, E.E.4    Tonelli-Lemos, L.5
  • 43
    • 84919674550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic PGC-1αprotects against high-fat diet exposure by regulating ERα
    • Morselli E, Fuente-Martin E, Finan B, Kim M, Frank A, et al. 2014. Hypothalamic PGC-1αprotects against high-fat diet exposure by regulating ERα. Cell Rep. 9:633-45
    • (2014) Cell Rep. , vol.9 , pp. 633-645
    • Morselli, E.1    Fuente-Martin, E.2    Finan, B.3    Kim, M.4    Frank, A.5
  • 44
    • 66249130392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain nuclear factor-κBactivation contributes to neurohumoral excitation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension
    • KangYM,MaY,Zheng JP,ElksC, Sriramula S, et al. 2009. Brain nuclear factor-κBactivation contributes to neurohumoral excitation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Cardiovasc. Res. 82:503-12
    • (2009) Cardiovasc. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 503-512
    • Kang, Y.M.1    Ma, Y.2    Zheng, J.P.3    Elks, C.4    Sriramula, S.5
  • 45
  • 46
    • 79952595599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural dysregulation of peripheral insulin action and blood pressure by brain endoplasmic reticulum stress
    • Purkayastha S, Zhang H, Zhang G, Ahmed Z, Wang Y, Cai D. 2011. Neural dysregulation of peripheral insulin action and blood pressure by brain endoplasmic reticulum stress. PNAS 108:2939-44
    • (2011) PNAS , vol.108 , pp. 2939-2944
    • Purkayastha, S.1    Zhang, H.2    Zhang, G.3    Ahmed, Z.4    Wang, Y.5    Cai, D.6
  • 48
    • 0036143575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces caspase-dependent interleukin-8 expression and apoptosis in human astroglioma cells
    • Choi C, Kutsch O, Park J, Zhou T, Seol DW, Benveniste EN. 2002. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand induces caspase-dependent interleukin-8 expression and apoptosis in human astroglioma cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22:724-36
    • (2002) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 724-736
    • Choi, C.1    Kutsch, O.2    Park, J.3    Zhou, T.4    Seol, D.W.5    Benveniste, E.N.6
  • 50
    • 79952316899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-grade hypothalamic inflammation leads to defective thermogenesis, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion
    • Arruda AP,MilanskiM, Coope A, Torsoni AS, Ropelle E, et al. 2011. Low-grade hypothalamic inflammation leads to defective thermogenesis, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion. Endocrinology 152:1314-26
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 1314-1326
    • Arruda, A.P.1    Milanski, M.2    Coope, A.3    Torsoni, A.S.4    Ropelle, E.5
  • 51
    • 74949131300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic actions of tumor necrosis factor α provide the thermogenic core for the wastage syndrome in cachexia
    • Arruda AP, Milanski M, Romanatto T, Solon C, Coope A, et al. 2010. Hypothalamic actions of tumor necrosis factor α provide the thermogenic core for the wastage syndrome in cachexia. Endocrinology 151:683-94
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 683-694
    • Arruda, A.P.1    Milanski, M.2    Romanatto, T.3    Solon, C.4    Coope, A.5
  • 52
    • 73649094118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of tumor necrosis factor-αreceptor 1 (TNFR1) protects against diet-induced obesity by means of increased thermogenesis
    • Romanatto T, Roman EA, Arruda AP, Denis RG, Solon C, et al. 2009. Deletion of tumor necrosis factor-αreceptor 1 (TNFR1) protects against diet-induced obesity by means of increased thermogenesis. J. Biol. Chem. 284:36213-22
    • (2009) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.284 , pp. 36213-36222
    • Romanatto, T.1    Roman, E.A.2    Arruda, A.P.3    Denis, R.G.4    Solon, C.5
  • 54
    • 84857410355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-related modulation of neuropeptide y and proopiomelanocortin expression in nondiabetic and diabetic IRS2-/-mice
    • Burgos-Ramos E, Gonzalez-Rodriguez A, Canelles S, Baquedano E, Frago LM, et al. 2012. Differential insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1)-related modulation of neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin expression in nondiabetic and diabetic IRS2-/-mice. Endocrinology 153:1129-40
    • (2012) Endocrinology , vol.153 , pp. 1129-1140
    • Burgos-Ramos, E.1    Gonzalez-Rodriguez, A.2    Canelles, S.3    Baquedano, E.4    Frago, L.M.5
  • 56
    • 84867051812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IKKβ/NF-κB disrupts adult hypothalamic neural stem cells to mediate a neurodegenerative mechanism of dietary obesity and pre-diabetes
    • Li J, Tang Y, Cai D. 2012. IKKβ/NF-κB disrupts adult hypothalamic neural stem cells to mediate a neurodegenerative mechanism of dietary obesity and pre-diabetes. Nat. Cell Biol. 14:999-1012
    • (2012) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 999-1012
    • Li, J.1    Tang, Y.2    Cai, D.3
  • 59
    • 34548358816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis
    • Rolls A, Shechter R, London A, Ziv Y, Ronen A, et al. 2007. Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Nat. Cell Biol. 9:1081-88
    • (2007) Nat. Cell Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 1081-1088
    • Rolls, A.1    Shechter, R.2    London, A.3    Ziv, Y.4    Ronen, A.5
  • 60
    • 50449086746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and free fatty acids Endocrinol
    • Boden G. 2008. Obesity and free fatty acids. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. N. Am. 37:635-46, viii-ix
    • (2008) Metab. Clin. N. Am. , vol.37 , pp. 635-646
    • Boden, G.1
  • 61
    • 0141844653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reciprocal modulation of Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathways involving MyD88 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Lee JY, Ye J, Gao Z, Youn HS, Lee WH, et al. 2003. Reciprocal modulation of Toll-like receptor-4 signaling pathways involving MyD88 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 278:37041-51
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 37041-37051
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Ye, J.2    Gao, Z.3    Youn, H.S.4    Lee, W.H.5
  • 62
    • 0038143617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential modulation of Toll-like receptors by fatty acids: Preferential inhibition by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
    • Lee JY, Plakidas A, Lee WH, Heikkinen A, Chanmugam P, et al. 2003. Differential modulation of Toll-like receptors by fatty acids: preferential inhibition by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Lipid Res. 44:479-86
    • (2003) J. Lipid Res. , vol.44 , pp. 479-486
    • Lee, J.Y.1    Plakidas, A.2    Lee, W.H.3    Heikkinen, A.4    Chanmugam, P.5
  • 63
    • 66149118129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic proinflammatory lipid accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat diet
    • Posey KA, Clegg DJ, Printz RL, Byun J, Morton GJ, et al. 2009. Hypothalamic proinflammatory lipid accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in rats fed a high-fat diet. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 296:E1003-12
    • (2009) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.296 , pp. E1003-E1012
    • Posey, K.A.1    Clegg, D.J.2    Printz, R.L.3    Byun, J.4    Morton, G.J.5
  • 65
    • 84855971481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unsaturated fatty acids revert diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation in obesity
    • Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Moraes JC, Pauli JR, Morari J, et al. 2012. Unsaturated fatty acids revert diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation in obesity. PLOS ONE 7:e30571
    • (2012) PLOS ONE , vol.7 , pp. e30571
    • Cintra, D.E.1    Ropelle, E.R.2    Moraes, J.C.3    Pauli, J.R.4    Morari, J.5
  • 66
    • 84919847348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia dictate the impact of saturated fat consumption on hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal function
    • Valdearcos M, Robblee MM, Benjamin DI, Nomura DK, Xu AW, Koliwad SK. 2014. Microglia dictate the impact of saturated fat consumption on hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal function. Cell Rep. 9:1-15
    • (2014) Cell Rep. , vol.9 , pp. 1-15
    • Valdearcos, M.1    Robblee, M.M.2    Benjamin, D.I.3    Nomura, D.K.4    Xu, A.W.5    Koliwad, S.K.6
  • 68
    • 70349200763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmitic acid mediates hypothalamic insulin resistance by altering PKC-subcellular localization in rodents
    • Benoit SC, Kemp CJ, Elias CF, Abplanalp W, Herman JP, et al. 2009. Palmitic acid mediates hypothalamic insulin resistance by altering PKC-subcellular localization in rodents. J. Clin. Investig. 119:2577-89
    • (2009) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.119 , pp. 2577-2589
    • Benoit, S.C.1    Kemp, C.J.2    Elias, C.F.3    Abplanalp, W.4    Herman, J.P.5
  • 69
    • 84865578156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of a high-fat diet, but not regular endurance exercise training, regulates hypothalamic lipid accumulation in mice
    • Borg ML, Omran SF,Weir J,Meikle PJ, Watt MJ. 2012. Consumption of a high-fat diet, but not regular endurance exercise training, regulates hypothalamic lipid accumulation in mice. J. Physiol. 590:4377-89
    • (2012) J. Physiol. , vol.590 , pp. 4377-4389
    • Borg, M.L.1    Omran, S.F.2    Weir, J.3    Meikle, P.J.4    Watt, M.J.5
  • 70
    • 34247511618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-α acts in the hypothalamus inhibiting food intake and increasing the respiratory quotient-effects on leptin and insulin signaling pathways
    • Romanatto T, Cesquini M, Amaral ME, Roman EA, Moraes JC, et al. 2007. TNF-α acts in the hypothalamus inhibiting food intake and increasing the respiratory quotient-effects on leptin and insulin signaling pathways. Peptides 28:1050-58
    • (2007) Peptides , vol.28 , pp. 1050-1058
    • Romanatto, T.1    Cesquini, M.2    Amaral, M.E.3    Roman, E.A.4    Moraes, J.C.5
  • 71
    • 0030864185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of the tumor necrosis factor-αgene: Metabolic consequences in obese and nonobese mice
    • Ventre J, Doebber T, Wu M, MacNaul K, Stevens K, et al. 1997. Targeted disruption of the tumor necrosis factor-αgene: metabolic consequences in obese and nonobese mice. Diabetes 46:1526-31
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 1526-1531
    • Ventre, J.1    Doebber, T.2    Wu, M.3    Macnaul, K.4    Stevens, K.5
  • 72
    • 80053087484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammasome is a central player in the induction of obesity and insulin resistance
    • Stienstra R, van Diepen JA, Tack CJ, Zaki MH, van de Veerdonk FL, et al. 2011. Inflammasome is a central player in the induction of obesity and insulin resistance. PNAS 108:15324-29
    • (2011) PNAS , vol.108 , pp. 15324-15329
    • Stienstra, R.1    Van Diepen, J.A.2    Tack, C.J.3    Zaki, M.H.4    Van De Veerdonk, F.L.5
  • 73
    • 79751512463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TheNLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance
    • Vandanmagsar B, Youm YH, Ravussin A,Galgani JE, Stadler K, et al. 2011. TheNLRP3 inflammasome instigates obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Nat. Med. 17:179-88
    • (2011) Nat. Med. , vol.17 , pp. 179-188
    • Vandanmagsar, B.1    Youm, Y.H.2    Ravussin, A.3    Galgani, J.E.4    Stadler, K.5
  • 74
    • 79955038882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acid-induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling
    • Wen H, Gris D, Lei Y, Jha S, Zhang L, et al. 2011. Fatty acid-induced NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation interferes with insulin signaling. Nat. Immunol. 12:408-15
    • (2011) Nat. Immunol. , vol.12 , pp. 408-415
    • Wen, H.1    Gris, D.2    Lei, Y.3    Jha, S.4    Zhang, L.5
  • 75
    • 74549184092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NLRP3 inflammasome: A sensor for metabolic danger?
    • Schroder K, Zhou R, Tschopp J. 2010. The NLRP3 inflammasome: a sensor for metabolic danger? Science 327:296-300
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 296-300
    • Schroder, K.1    Zhou, R.2    Tschopp, J.3
  • 76
    • 84863462790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The inflammasome: A remote control for metabolic syndrome
    • LamkanfiM, Kanneganti TD. 2012. The inflammasome: a remote control for metabolic syndrome. Cell Res. 22:1095-98
    • (2012) Cell Res. , vol.22 , pp. 1095-1098
    • Lamkanfi, M.1    Kanneganti, T.D.2
  • 77
    • 77956827261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-6 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory activity links exercise to hypothalamic insulin and leptin sensitivity through IKKβand ER stress inhibition
    • Ropelle ER, FloresMB, Cintra DE, Rocha GZ, Pauli JR, et al. 2010. IL-6 and IL-10 anti-inflammatory activity links exercise to hypothalamic insulin and leptin sensitivity through IKKβand ER stress inhibition. PLOS Biol. 8:e1000465
    • (2010) PLOS Biol. , vol.8 , pp. e1000465
    • Ropelle, E.R.1    Flores, M.B.2    Cintra, D.E.3    Rocha, G.Z.4    Pauli, J.R.5
  • 78
    • 84864390324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel anti-inflammatory role for spleen-derived interleukin-10 in obesity-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue and liver
    • Gotoh K, Inoue M, Masaki T, Chiba S, Shimasaki T, et al. 2012. A novel anti-inflammatory role for spleen-derived interleukin-10 in obesity-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue and liver. Diabetes 61:1994-2003
    • (2012) Diabetes , vol.61 , pp. 1994-2003
    • Gotoh, K.1    Inoue, M.2    Masaki, T.3    Chiba, S.4    Shimasaki, T.5
  • 79
    • 40949133230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL4 gene delivery to the CNS recruits regulatory T cells and induces clinical recovery inmousemodels of multiple sclerosis
    • Butti E, Bergami A, Recchia A, Brambilla E, Del Carro U, et al. 2008. IL4 gene delivery to the CNS recruits regulatory T cells and induces clinical recovery inmousemodels of multiple sclerosis. Gene Ther. 15:504-15
    • (2008) Gene Ther. , vol.15 , pp. 504-515
    • Butti, E.1    Bergami, A.2    Recchia, A.3    Brambilla, E.4    Del Carro, U.5
  • 80
    • 0033080919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of microglial signal transduction pathways mediating a neurotoxic response to amyloidogenic fragments of β-Amyloid and prion proteins
    • Combs CK, Johnson DE, Cannady SB, Lehman TM, Landreth GE. 1999. Identification of microglial signal transduction pathways mediating a neurotoxic response to amyloidogenic fragments of β-Amyloid and prion proteins. J. Neurosci. 19:928-39
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 928-939
    • Combs, C.K.1    Johnson, D.E.2    Cannady, S.B.3    Lehman, T.M.4    Landreth, G.E.5
  • 81
    • 77953390519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central administration of interleukin-4 exacerbates hypothalamic inflammation and weight gain during high-fat feeding
    • Oh-I S, Thaler JP, Ogimoto K,Wisse BE,Morton GJ, et al. 2010. Central administration of interleukin-4 exacerbates hypothalamic inflammation and weight gain during high-fat feeding. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 299(1):E47-53
    • (2010) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.299 , Issue.1 , pp. E47-53
    • Oh-I, S.1    Thaler, J.P.2    Ogimoto, K.3    Wisse, B.E.4    Morton, G.J.5
  • 82
    • 77950343252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease
    • Hotamisligil GS. 2010. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the inflammatory basis of metabolic disease. Cell 140:900-17
    • (2010) Cell , vol.140 , pp. 900-917
    • Hotamisligil, G.S.1
  • 83
    • 8644282751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translational repression mediates activation of nuclear factor κb by phosphorylated translation initiation factor 2
    • Deng J, Lu PD, Zhang Y, Scheuner D, Kaufman RJ, et al. 2004. Translational repression mediates activation of nuclear factor κB by phosphorylated translation initiation factor 2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24:10161-68
    • (2004) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 10161-10168
    • Deng, J.1    Lu, P.D.2    Zhang, Y.3    Scheuner, D.4    Kaufman, R.J.5
  • 84
    • 33645815074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autocrine tumor necrosis factor α links endoplasmic reticulum stress to the membrane death receptor pathway through IRE1α-mediated NF-κB activation and down-regulation of TRAF2 expression
    • Hu P, Han Z, Couvillon AD, Kaufman RJ, Exton JH. 2006. Autocrine tumor necrosis factor α links endoplasmic reticulum stress to the membrane death receptor pathway through IRE1α-mediated NF-κB activation and down-regulation of TRAF2 expression. Mol. Cell. Biol. 26:3071-84
    • (2006) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 3071-3084
    • Hu, P.1    Han, Z.2    Couvillon, A.D.3    Kaufman, R.J.4    Exton, J.H.5
  • 85
    • 69849109361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Akt-NF-κB pathway by subtilase cytotoxin through the ATF6 branch of the unfolded protein response
    • Yamazaki H, Hiramatsu N, Hayakawa K, Tagawa Y, Okamura M, et al. 2009. Activation of the Akt-NF-κB pathway by subtilase cytotoxin through the ATF6 branch of the unfolded protein response. J. Immunol. 183:1480-87
    • (2009) J. Immunol. , vol.183 , pp. 1480-1487
    • Yamazaki, H.1    Hiramatsu, N.2    Hayakawa, K.3    Tagawa, Y.4    Okamura, M.5
  • 86
    • 57849115277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a central role in development of leptin resistance
    • Ozcan L, Ergin AS, Lu A, Chung J, Sarkar S, et al. 2009. Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a central role in development of leptin resistance. Cell Metab. 9:35-51
    • (2009) Cell Metab. , vol.9 , pp. 35-51
    • Ozcan, L.1    Ergin, A.S.2    Lu, A.3    Chung, J.4    Sarkar, S.5
  • 87
    • 47149115165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity
    • Matsuzawa-Nagata N, Takamura T, Ando H, Nakamura S, Kurita S, et al. 2008. Increased oxidative stress precedes the onset of high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance and obesity. Metabolism 57:1071-77
    • (2008) Metabolism , vol.57 , pp. 1071-1077
    • Matsuzawa-Nagata, N.1    Takamura, T.2    Ando, H.3    Nakamura, S.4    Kurita, S.5
  • 88
    • 56249090667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1βproduction
    • Saitoh T, Fujita N, Jang MH, Uematsu S, Yang BG, et al. 2008. Loss of the autophagy protein Atg16L1 enhances endotoxin-induced IL-1βproduction. Nature 456:264-68
    • (2008) Nature , vol.456 , pp. 264-268
    • Saitoh, T.1    Fujita, N.2    Jang, M.H.3    Uematsu, S.4    Yang, B.G.5
  • 90
    • 79951642032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome
    • Nakahira K, Haspel JA, Rathinam VA, Lee SJ, Dolinay T, et al. 2011. Autophagy proteins regulate innate immune responses by inhibiting the release of mitochondrial DNA mediated by the NALP3 inflammasome. Nat. Immunol. 12:222-30
    • (2011) Nat. Immunol. , vol.12 , pp. 222-230
    • Nakahira, K.1    Haspel, J.A.2    Rathinam, V.A.3    Lee, S.J.4    Dolinay, T.5
  • 91
    • 78651393239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation
    • Zhou R, Yazdi AS, Menu P, Tschopp J. 2011. A role for mitochondria in NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nature 469:221-25
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , pp. 221-225
    • Zhou, R.1    Yazdi, A.S.2    Menu, P.3    Tschopp, J.4
  • 92
    • 0036677517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appraising the brain's energy budget
    • Raichle ME, Gusnard DA. 2002. Appraising the brain's energy budget. PNAS 99:10237-39
    • (2002) PNAS , vol.99 , pp. 10237-10239
    • Raichle, M.E.1    Gusnard, D.A.2
  • 93
    • 4544307465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling mitochondrial function in aging neurons
    • Melov S. 2004. Modeling mitochondrial function in aging neurons. Trends Neurosci. 27:601-6
    • (2004) Trends Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 601-606
    • Melov, S.1
  • 94
    • 79960951346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in hypothalamic AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance
    • Kaushik S, Rodriguez-Navarro JA, Arias E, Kiffin R, Sahu S, et al. 2011. Autophagy in hypothalamic AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance. Cell Metab. 14:173-83
    • (2011) Cell Metab. , vol.14 , pp. 173-183
    • Kaushik, S.1    Rodriguez-Navarro, J.A.2    Arias, E.3    Kiffin, R.4    Sahu, S.5
  • 95
    • 33847065926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role formitochondrial reactive oxygen species in brain lipid sensing: Redox regulation of food intake
    • Benani A, Troy S, CarmonaMC, Fioramonti X, Lorsignol A, et al. 2007. Role formitochondrial reactive oxygen species in brain lipid sensing: redox regulation of food intake. Diabetes 56:152-60
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , pp. 152-160
    • Benani, A.1    Troy, S.2    Carmona, M.C.3    Fioramonti, X.4    Lorsignol, A.5
  • 96
    • 33747039288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are required for hypothalamic glucose sensing
    • Leloup C, Magnan C, Benani A, Bonnet E, Alquier T, et al. 2006. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are required for hypothalamic glucose sensing. Diabetes 55:2084-90
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 2084-2090
    • Leloup, C.1    Magnan, C.2    Benani, A.3    Bonnet, E.4    Alquier, T.5
  • 97
    • 27644484061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: Molecular machinery for self-eating
    • Yorimitsu T, Klionsky DJ. 2005. Autophagy: molecular machinery for self-eating. Cell Death Differ. 12(Suppl. 2):1542-52
    • (2005) Cell Death Differ. , vol.12 , pp. 1542-1552
    • Yorimitsu, T.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 98
    • 33644658460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and lysosomes: CNS-related consequences and implications for lysosomal enhancement strategies and induction of autophagy
    • Butler D, Bahr BA. 2006. Oxidative stress and lysosomes: CNS-related consequences and implications for lysosomal enhancement strategies and induction of autophagy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 8:185-96
    • (2006) Antioxid. Redox Signal. , vol.8 , pp. 185-196
    • Butler, D.1    Bahr, B.A.2
  • 100
    • 80052712323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective hypothalamic autophagy directs the central pathogenesis of obesity via the IκB kinase β(IKKβ)/NF-κB pathway
    • Meng Q, Cai D. 2011. Defective hypothalamic autophagy directs the central pathogenesis of obesity via the IκB kinase β(IKKβ)/NF-κB pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 286:32324-32
    • (2011) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.286 , pp. 32324-32332
    • Meng, Q.1    Cai, D.2
  • 101
    • 79151474603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in the intestinal epithelium reduces endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation
    • Fujishima Y, Nishiumi S, Masuda A, Inoue J, Nguyen NM, et al. 2011. Autophagy in the intestinal epithelium reduces endotoxin-induced inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activation. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 506:223-35
    • (2011) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. , vol.506 , pp. 223-235
    • Fujishima, Y.1    Nishiumi, S.2    Masuda, A.3    Inoue, J.4    Nguyen, N.M.5
  • 103
    • 77952650737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultured hypothalamic neurons are resistant to inflammation and insulin resistance induced by saturated fatty acids
    • Choi SJ, Kim F, Schwartz MW, Wisse BE. 2010 Cultured hypothalamic neurons are resistant to inflammation and insulin resistance induced by saturated fatty acids. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
    • (2010) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab
    • Choi, S.J.1    Kim, F.2    Schwartz, M.W.3    Wisse, B.E.4
  • 104
    • 74949110443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmitate attenuates insulin signaling and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in hypothalamic neurons: Rescue of resistance and apoptosis through adenosine 5- monophosphate-Activated protein kinase activation
    • MayerCM,BelshamDD.2010. Palmitate attenuates insulin signaling and induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in hypothalamic neurons: rescue of resistance and apoptosis through adenosine 5- monophosphate-Activated protein kinase activation. Endocrinology 151:576-85
    • (2010) Endocrinology , vol.151 , pp. 576-585
    • Mayer, C.M.1    Belsham, D.D.2
  • 105
    • 20044387026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IKK-βlinks inflammation to obesityinduced insulin resistance
    • ArkanMC, Hevener AL,Greten FR, Maeda S, Li ZW, et al. 2005. IKK-βlinks inflammation to obesityinduced insulin resistance. Nat. Med. 11:191-98
    • (2005) Nat. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 191-198
    • Arkan, M.C.1    Hevener, A.L.2    Greten, F.R.3    Maeda, S.4    Li, Z.W.5
  • 106
    • 79960117277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncoupling the mechanisms of obesity and hypertension by targeting hypothalamic IKK-βand NF-κB
    • Purkayastha S, Zhang G, Cai D. 2011. Uncoupling the mechanisms of obesity and hypertension by targeting hypothalamic IKK-βand NF-κB. Nat. Med. 17:883-87
    • (2011) Nat. Med. , vol.17 , pp. 883-887
    • Purkayastha, S.1    Zhang, G.2    Cai, D.3
  • 107
    • 77951210900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NF-κB activation in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons is essential in illness-And leptin-induced anorexia
    • Jang PG, Namkoong C, Kang GM, Hur MW, Kim SW, et al. 2010. NF-κB activation in hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin neurons is essential in illness-And leptin-induced anorexia. J. Biol. Chem. 285:9706-15
    • (2010) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.285 , pp. 9706-9715
    • Jang, P.G.1    Namkoong, C.2    Kang, G.M.3    Hur, M.W.4    Kim, S.W.5
  • 108
    • 84874372685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spreading depression triggers headache by activating neuronal Panx1 channels
    • Karatas H, Erdener SE, Gursoy-Ozdemir Y, Lule S, Eren-Kocak E, et al. 2013. Spreading depression triggers headache by activating neuronal Panx1 channels. Science 339:1092-95
    • (2013) Science , vol.339 , pp. 1092-1095
    • Karatas, H.1    Erdener, S.E.2    Gursoy-Ozdemir, Y.3    Lule, S.4    Eren-Kocak, E.5
  • 110
    • 84870793191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IL-1βsignaling promotes CNSintrinsic immune control ofWest Nile virus infection
    • Ramos HJ, LanteriMC, Blahnik G, Negash A, SutharMS, et al. 2012. IL-1βsignaling promotes CNSintrinsic immune control ofWest Nile virus infection. PLOS Pathog. 8:e1003039
    • (2012) PLOS Pathog. , vol.8 , pp. e1003039
    • Ramos, H.J.1    Lanteri, M.C.2    Blahnik, G.3    Negash, A.4    Suthar, M.S.5
  • 111
    • 34247574122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammasome components NALP 1 and 3 show distinct but separate expression profiles in human tissues suggesting a site-specific role in the inflammatory response
    • Kummer JA, Broekhuizen R, Everett H, Agostini L, Kuijk L, et al. 2007. Inflammasome components NALP 1 and 3 show distinct but separate expression profiles in human tissues suggesting a site-specific role in the inflammatory response. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 55:443-52
    • (2007) J. Histochem. Cytochem. , vol.55 , pp. 443-452
    • Kummer, J.A.1    Broekhuizen, R.2    Everett, H.3    Agostini, L.4    Kuijk, L.5
  • 113
    • 84859717206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innate immunity in the central nervous system
    • Ransohoff RM, Brown MA. 2012. Innate immunity in the central nervous system. J. Clin. Investig. 122:1164-71
    • (2012) J. Clin. Investig. , vol.122 , pp. 1164-1171
    • Ransohoff, R.M.1    Brown, M.A.2
  • 114
    • 84875870356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: Actively surveying and shaping neuronal circuit structure and function
    • Wake H, Moorhouse AJ, Miyamoto A, Nabekura J. 2013. Microglia: actively surveying and shaping neuronal circuit structure and function. Trends Neurosci. 36:209-17
    • (2013) Trends Neurosci. , vol.36 , pp. 209-217
    • Wake, H.1    Moorhouse, A.J.2    Miyamoto, A.3    Nabekura, J.4
  • 115
    • 84861427387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity and complement-dependent manner
    • Schafer DP, Lehrman EK, Kautzman AG, Koyama R, Mardinly AR, et al. 2012. Microglia sculpt postnatal neural circuits in an activity and complement-dependent manner. Neuron 74:691-705
    • (2012) Neuron , vol.74 , pp. 691-705
    • Schafer, D.P.1    Lehrman, E.K.2    Kautzman, A.G.3    Koyama, R.4    Mardinly, A.R.5
  • 116
    • 80052633284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development
    • Paolicelli RC, Bolasco G, Pagani F, Maggi L, Scianni M, et al. 2011. Synaptic pruning by microglia is necessary for normal brain development. Science 333:1456-58
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1456-1458
    • Paolicelli, R.C.1    Bolasco, G.2    Pagani, F.3    Maggi, L.4    Scianni, M.5
  • 117
    • 84888340976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of microglia in adult hippocampal neurogenesis
    • Gemma C, Bachstetter AD. 2013. The role of microglia in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 7:229
    • (2013) Front. Cell. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 229
    • Gemma, C.1    Bachstetter, A.D.2
  • 118
    • 84872893030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Janus-faced microglia: Beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis
    • Sierra A, Abiega O, Shahraz A, Neumann H. 2013. Janus-faced microglia: beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 7:6
    • (2013) Front. Cell. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 6
    • Sierra, A.1    Abiega, O.2    Shahraz, A.3    Neumann, H.4
  • 119
    • 0037477629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of innate immunity in the CNS triggers neurodegeneration through a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway
    • Lehnardt S,Massillon L, Follett P, Jensen FE, Ratan R, et al. 2003. Activation of innate immunity in the CNS triggers neurodegeneration through a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway. PNAS 100:8514-19
    • (2003) PNAS , vol.100 , pp. 8514-8519
    • Lehnardt, S.1    Massillon, L.2    Follett, P.3    Jensen, F.E.4    Ratan, R.5
  • 120
    • 0031749704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin peptides inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide by activated microglia
    • Delgado R, Carlin A, Airaghi L, Demitri MT, Meda L, et al. 1998. Melanocortin peptides inhibit production of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide by activated microglia. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63:740-45
    • (1998) J. Leukoc. Biol. , vol.63 , pp. 740-745
    • Delgado, R.1    Carlin, A.2    Airaghi, L.3    Demitri, M.T.4    Meda, L.5
  • 121
    • 84868532102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective role of neuropeptide y Y2 receptors in cell death and microglial response following methamphetamine injury
    • Goncalves J, Ribeiro CF, Malva JO, Silva AP. 2012. Protective role of neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors in cell death and microglial response following methamphetamine injury. Eur. J. Neurosci. 36:3173-83
    • (2012) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.36 , pp. 3173-3183
    • Goncalves, J.1    Ribeiro, C.F.2    Malva, J.O.3    Silva, A.P.4
  • 122
    • 82455168238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropeptide y inhibits interleukin-1β-induced phagocytosis by microglial cells
    • FerreiraR, SantosT, ViegasM,CortesL, Bernardino L, et al. 2011. Neuropeptide Y inhibits interleukin-1β-induced phagocytosis by microglial cells. J. Neuroinflamm. 8:169
    • (2011) J. Neuroinflamm. , vol.8 , pp. 169
    • Ferreira, R.1    Santos, T.2    Viegas, M.3    Cortes, L.4    Bernardino, L.5
  • 124
    • 84891890600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local proliferation of macrophages contributes to obesity-Associated adipose tissue inflammation
    • Amano SU, Cohen JL, Vangala P, Tencerova M, Nicoloro SM, et al. 2014. Local proliferation of macrophages contributes to obesity-Associated adipose tissue inflammation. Cell Metab. 19:162-71
    • (2014) Cell Metab. , vol.19 , pp. 162-171
    • Amano, S.U.1    Cohen, J.L.2    Vangala, P.3    Tencerova, M.4    Nicoloro, S.M.5
  • 125
    • 58149102605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of CC chemokine receptor 2 in bone marrow cells in the recruitment of macrophages into obese adipose tissue
    • Ito A, Suganami T, Yamauchi A, Degawa-Yamauchi M, Tanaka M, et al. 2008. Role of CC chemokine receptor 2 in bone marrow cells in the recruitment of macrophages into obese adipose tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 283:35715-23
    • (2008) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.283 , pp. 35715-35723
    • Ito, A.1    Suganami, T.2    Yamauchi, A.3    Degawa-Yamauchi, M.4    Tanaka, M.5
  • 126
    • 84868092714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial repopulation model reveals a robust homeostatic process for replacing CNS myeloid cells
    • Varvel NH, Grathwohl SA, Baumann F, Liebig C, Bosch A, et al. 2012. Microglial repopulation model reveals a robust homeostatic process for replacing CNS myeloid cells. PNAS 109:18150-55
    • (2012) PNAS , vol.109 , pp. 18150-18155
    • Varvel, N.H.1    Grathwohl, S.A.2    Baumann, F.3    Liebig, C.4    Bosch, A.5
  • 127
    • 84898676953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling is necessary for microglia viability, unmasking a microglia progenitor cell in the adult brain
    • Elmore MR,Najafi AR,Koike MA,Dagher NN, Spangenberg EE, et al. 2014. Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor signaling is necessary for microglia viability, unmasking a microglia progenitor cell in the adult brain. Neuron 82:380-97
    • (2014) Neuron , vol.82 , pp. 380-397
    • Elmore, M.R.1    Najafi, A.R.2    Koike, M.A.3    Dagher, N.N.4    Spangenberg, E.E.5
  • 128
    • 77951622892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin modulates cell morphology and cytokine release in microglia
    • Lafrance V, Inoue W, Kan B, Luheshi GN. 2010. Leptin modulates cell morphology and cytokine release in microglia. Brain Behav. Immun. 24:358-65
    • (2010) Brain Behav. Immun. , vol.24 , pp. 358-365
    • Lafrance, V.1    Inoue, W.2    Kan, B.3    Luheshi, G.N.4
  • 129
    • 34548763920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin-induced IL-6 production is mediated by leptin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, NF-κB, and p300 pathway in microglia
    • Tang CH, Lu DY, Yang RS,TsaiHY, KaoMC, et al. 2007. Leptin-induced IL-6 production is mediated by leptin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, NF-κB, and p300 pathway in microglia. J. Immunol. 179:1292-302
    • (2007) J. Immunol. , vol.179 , pp. 1292-1302
    • Tang, C.H.1    Lu, D.Y.2    Yang, R.S.3    Tsai, H.Y.4    Kao, M.C.5
  • 130
    • 84860565985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise protects against high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation
    • Yi CX, Al-Massadi O, Donelan E, Lehti M, Weber J, et al. 2012. Exercise protects against high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. Physiol. Behav. 106:485-90
    • (2012) Physiol. Behav. , vol.106 , pp. 485-490
    • Yi, C.X.1    Al-Massadi, O.2    Donelan, E.3    Lehti, M.4    Weber, J.5
  • 131
    • 47849085872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-β
    • Halle A, Hornung V, Petzold GC, Stewart CR, Monks BG, et al. 2008. The NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-β. Nat. Immunol. 9:857-65
    • (2008) Nat. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 857-865
    • Halle, A.1    Hornung, V.2    Petzold, G.C.3    Stewart, C.R.4    Monks, B.G.5
  • 132
    • 80054795572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inflammasome activation and IL-1β/IL-18 processing are influenced by distinct pathways in microglia
    • Hanamsagar R, Torres V, Kielian T. 2011. Inflammasome activation and IL-1β/IL-18 processing are influenced by distinct pathways in microglia. J. Neurochem. 119:736-48
    • (2011) J. Neurochem. , vol.119 , pp. 736-748
    • Hanamsagar, R.1    Torres, V.2    Kielian, T.3
  • 133
    • 84885167222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canonical Nlrp3 inflammasome links systemic low-grade inflammation to functional decline in aging
    • Youm YH, Grant RW, McCabe LR, Albarado DC, Nguyen KY, et al. 2013. Canonical Nlrp3 inflammasome links systemic low-grade inflammation to functional decline in aging. Cell Metab. 18:519-32
    • (2013) Cell Metab. , vol.18 , pp. 519-532
    • Youm, Y.H.1    Grant, R.W.2    McCabe, L.R.3    Albarado, D.C.4    Nguyen, K.Y.5
  • 136
    • 84903382613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin signaling in astrocytes regulates hypothalamic neuronal circuits and feeding
    • Kim JG, Suyama S, Koch M, Jin S, Argente-Arizon P, et al. 2014. Leptin signaling in astrocytes regulates hypothalamic neuronal circuits and feeding. Nat. Neurosci. 17:908-10
    • (2014) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.17 , pp. 908-910
    • Kim, J.G.1    Suyama, S.2    Koch, M.3    Jin, S.4    Argente-Arizon, P.5
  • 138
    • 79955431010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential acute and chronic effects of leptin on hypothalamic astrocyte morphology and synaptic protein levels
    • Garcia-Caceres C, Fuente-Martin E, Burgos-Ramos E, Granado M, Frago LM, et al. 2011. Differential acute and chronic effects of leptin on hypothalamic astrocyte morphology and synaptic protein levels. Endocrinology 152:1809-18
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 1809-1818
    • Garcia-Caceres, C.1    Fuente-Martin, E.2    Burgos-Ramos, E.3    Granado, M.4    Frago, L.M.5
  • 140
    • 79959428713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic sensing and the brain: Who, what, where, and how?
    • Levin BE, Magnan C, Dunn-Meynell A, Le Foll C. 2011. Metabolic sensing and the brain: who, what, where, and how? Endocrinology 152:2552-57
    • (2011) Endocrinology , vol.152 , pp. 2552-2557
    • Levin, B.E.1    Magnan, C.2    Dunn-Meynell, A.3    Le Foll, C.4
  • 141
    • 67649505383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Up-regulation of apolipoprotein e by leptin in the hypothalamus of mice and rats
    • Shen L, Tso P, Wang DQ, Woods SC, Davidson WS, et al. 2009. Up-regulation of apolipoprotein E by leptin in the hypothalamus of mice and rats. Physiol. Behav. 98:223-28
    • (2009) Physiol. Behav. , vol.98 , pp. 223-228
    • Shen, L.1    Tso, P.2    Wang, D.Q.3    Woods, S.C.4    Davidson, W.S.5
  • 142
    • 0031714313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of carnitine palmitoyltransferase i in the control of ketogenesis in primary cultures of rat astrocytes
    • Blazquez C, Sanchez C, Velasco G, Guzman M. 1998. Role of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in the control of ketogenesis in primary cultures of rat astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 71:1597-606
    • (1998) J. Neurochem. , vol.71 , pp. 1597-1606
    • Blazquez, C.1    Sanchez, C.2    Velasco, G.3    Guzman, M.4
  • 143
    • 79959879208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central insulin and leptin-mediated autonomic control of glucose homeostasis
    • Marino JS, Xu Y, Hill JW. 2011. Central insulin and leptin-mediated autonomic control of glucose homeostasis. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 22:275-85
    • (2011) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.22 , pp. 275-285
    • Marino, J.S.1    Xu, Y.2    Hill, J.W.3
  • 144
    • 84862812857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saturated long-chain fatty acids activate inflammatory signaling in astrocytes
    • Gupta S,Knight AG, Gupta S,Keller JN, Bruce-Keller AJ. 2012. Saturated long-chain fatty acids activate inflammatory signaling in astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 120:1060-71
    • (2012) J. Neurochem. , vol.120 , pp. 1060-1071
    • Gupta, S.1    Knight, A.G.2    Gupta, S.3    Keller, J.N.4    Bruce-Keller, A.J.5
  • 145
    • 37449023313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglial cells in astroglial cultures: A cautionary note
    • Saura J. 2007. Microglial cells in astroglial cultures: a cautionary note. J. Neuroinflamm. 4:26
    • (2007) J. Neuroinflamm. , vol.4 , pp. 26
    • Saura, J.1
  • 146
    • 84879577117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human astrocytes express a novel NLRP2 inflammasome
    • Minkiewicz J, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW. 2013. Human astrocytes express a novel NLRP2 inflammasome. Glia 61:1113-21
    • (2013) Glia , vol.61 , pp. 1113-1121
    • Minkiewicz, J.1    De Rivero, V.J.P.2    Keane, R.W.3
  • 147
    • 84860883878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DICER1 loss and Alu RNA induce age-related macular degeneration via the NLRP3 inflammasome and MyD88
    • Tarallo V, Hirano Y, Gelfand BD, Dridi S, Kerur N, et al. 2012. DICER1 loss and Alu RNA induce age-related macular degeneration via the NLRP3 inflammasome and MyD88. Cell 149:847-59
    • (2012) Cell , vol.149 , pp. 847-859
    • Tarallo, V.1    Hirano, Y.2    Gelfand, B.D.3    Dridi, S.4    Kerur, N.5
  • 148
    • 84862776637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanycytes of the hypothalamic median eminence form a diet-responsive neurogenic niche
    • Lee DA, Bedont JL, Pak T,Wang H, Song J, et al. 2012. Tanycytes of the hypothalamic median eminence form a diet-responsive neurogenic niche. Nat. Neurosci. 15:700-2
    • (2012) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.15 , pp. 700-702
    • Lee, D.A.1    Bedont, J.L.2    Pak, T.3    Wang, H.4    Song, J.5
  • 149
    • 84873162774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic tanycytes: Potential roles in the control of feeding and energy balance
    • Bolborea M, Dale N. 2013. Hypothalamic tanycytes: potential roles in the control of feeding and energy balance. Trends Neurosci. 36:91-100
    • (2013) Trends Neurosci. , vol.36 , pp. 91-100
    • Bolborea, M.1    Dale, N.2
  • 150
    • 79953212635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATP-mediated glucosensing by hypothalamic tanycytes
    • Frayling C, Britton R, Dale N. 2011. ATP-mediated glucosensing by hypothalamic tanycytes. J. Physiol. 589:2275-86
    • (2011) J. Physiol. , vol.589 , pp. 2275-2286
    • Frayling, C.1    Britton, R.2    Dale, N.3
  • 151
    • 79953213618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purinergic signaling in hypothalamic tanycytes: Potential roles in chemosensing
    • Dale N. 2011. Purinergic signaling in hypothalamic tanycytes: potential roles in chemosensing. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 22:237-44
    • (2011) Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 237-244
    • Dale, N.1
  • 152
    • 84893434815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic tanycytes are an ERKgated conduit for leptin into the brain
    • Balland E, Dam J, Langlet F, Caron E, Steculorum S, et al. 2014. Hypothalamic tanycytes are an ERKgated conduit for leptin into the brain. Cell Metab. 19:293-301
    • (2014) Cell Metab. , vol.19 , pp. 293-301
    • Balland, E.1    Dam, J.2    Langlet, F.3    Caron, E.4    Steculorum, S.5
  • 153
    • 0032765358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of circulating tumor necrosis factor on the neuronal activity and expression of the genes encoding the tumor necrosis factor receptors (p55 and p75) in the rat brain: A view from the blood-brain barrier
    • Nadeau S, Rivest S. 1999. Effects of circulating tumor necrosis factor on the neuronal activity and expression of the genes encoding the tumor necrosis factor receptors (p55 and p75) in the rat brain: a view from the blood-brain barrier. Neuroscience 93:1449-64
    • (1999) Neuroscience , vol.93 , pp. 1449-1464
    • Nadeau, S.1    Rivest, S.2
  • 154
    • 0030859207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical localization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in tanycytes, subcommissural organ and choroid plexus in the rat brain
    • Nishibori M, Nakaya N, Mori S, Saeki K. 1997. Immunohistochemical localization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in tanycytes, subcommissural organ and choroid plexus in the rat brain. Brain Res. 758:259-62
    • (1997) Brain Res. , vol.758 , pp. 259-262
    • Nishibori, M.1    Nakaya, N.2    Mori, S.3    Saeki, K.4
  • 155
    • 0035979775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of obesity-And diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkβ
    • Yuan M, Konstantopoulos N, Lee J,Hansen L, Li ZW, et al. 2001. Reversal of obesity-And diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkβ. Science 293:1673-77
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 1673-1677
    • Yuan, M.1    Konstantopoulos, N.2    Lee, J.3    Hansen, L.4    Li, Z.W.5
  • 156
    • 78650917112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF-α antagonism with etanercept decreases glucose and increases the proportion of high molecular weight adiponectin in obese subjects with features of the metabolic syndrome
    • Stanley TL, Zanni MV, Johnsen S, Rasheed S, Makimura H, et al. 2011. TNF-α antagonism with etanercept decreases glucose and increases the proportion of high molecular weight adiponectin in obese subjects with features of the metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96:E146-50
    • (2011) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.96 , pp. E146-E150
    • Stanley, T.L.1    Zanni, M.V.2    Johnsen, S.3    Rasheed, S.4    Makimura, H.5
  • 157
    • 79959426992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs and diabetes risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis
    • SolomonDH, Massarotti E, Garg R, Liu J,Canning C, Schneeweiss S. 2011. Association between diseasemodifying antirheumatic drugs and diabetes risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. JAMA 305:2525-31
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.305 , pp. 2525-2531
    • Solomon, D.H.1    Massarotti, E.2    Garg, R.3    Liu, J.4    Canning, C.5    Schneeweiss, S.6
  • 158
    • 42449091550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects from high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia
    • Sauter NS, Schulthess FT, Galasso R, Castellani LW, Maedler K. 2008. The antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects from high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia. Endocrinology 149:2208-18
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , pp. 2208-2218
    • Sauter, N.S.1    Schulthess, F.T.2    Galasso, R.3    Castellani, L.W.4    Maedler, K.5
  • 159
    • 52949129811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment with an Interleukin 1 beta antibody improves glycemic control in diet-induced obesity
    • Osborn O, Brownell SE, Sanchez-Alavez M, Salomon D, Gram H, Bartfai T. 2008. Treatment with an Interleukin 1 beta antibody improves glycemic control in diet-induced obesity. Cytokine 44:141-48
    • (2008) Cytokine , vol.44 , pp. 141-148
    • Osborn, O.1    Brownell, S.E.2    Sanchez-Alavez, M.3    Salomon, D.4    Gram, H.5    Bartfai, T.6
  • 161
    • 3142782772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced leptin sensitivity and attenuation of diet-induced obesity in mice with haploinsufficiency of Socs3
    • Howard JK, Cave BJ, Oksanen LJ, Tzameli I, Bjorbaek C, Flier JS. 2004. Enhanced leptin sensitivity and attenuation of diet-induced obesity in mice with haploinsufficiency of Socs3. Nat. Med. 10:734-38
    • (2004) Nat. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 734-738
    • Howard, J.K.1    Cave, B.J.2    Oksanen, L.J.3    Tzameli, I.4    Bjorbaek, C.5    Flier, J.S.6
  • 162
    • 33750153292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuation of leptin and insulin signaling by SOCS proteins
    • Howard JK, Flier JS. 2006. Attenuation of leptin and insulin signaling by SOCS proteins. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 17:365-71
    • (2006) Trends Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.17 , pp. 365-371
    • Howard, J.K.1    Flier, J.S.2
  • 164
    • 76149090834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the hypothalamic-pituitarythyroid axis in metabolic regulation by JNK1
    • SabioG, Cavanagh-Kyros J, Barrett T, Jung DY, Ko HJ, et al. 2010. Role of the hypothalamic-pituitarythyroid axis in metabolic regulation by JNK1. Genes Dev. 24:256-64
    • (2010) Genes Dev. , vol.24 , pp. 256-264
    • Sabio, G.1    Cavanagh-Kyros, J.2    Barrett, T.3    Jung, D.Y.4    Ko, H.J.5
  • 165
    • 0037153158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance
    • Hirosumi J, Tuncman G, Chang L, Gorgun CZ, Uysal KT, et al. 2002. A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance. Nature 420:333-36
    • (2002) Nature , vol.420 , pp. 333-336
    • Hirosumi, J.1    Tuncman, G.2    Chang, L.3    Gorgun, C.Z.4    Uysal, K.T.5
  • 166
    • 35548943962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JNK1 in hematopoietically derived cells contributes to diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance without affecting obesity
    • Solinas G, Vilcu C, Neels JG, Bandyopadhyay GK, Luo JL, et al. 2007. JNK1 in hematopoietically derived cells contributes to diet-induced inflammation and insulin resistance without affecting obesity. Cell Metab. 6:386-97
    • (2007) Cell Metab. , vol.6 , pp. 386-397
    • Solinas, G.1    Vilcu, C.2    Neels, J.G.3    Bandyopadhyay, G.K.4    Luo, J.L.5
  • 167
    • 3142723983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Socs3 deficiency in the brain elevates leptin sensitivity and confers resistance to diet-induced obesity
    • Mori H, Hanada R, Hanada T, Aki D, Mashima R, et al. 2004. Socs3 deficiency in the brain elevates leptin sensitivity and confers resistance to diet-induced obesity. Nat. Med. 10:739-43
    • (2004) Nat. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 739-743
    • Mori, H.1    Hanada, R.2    Hanada, T.3    Aki, D.4    Mashima, R.5
  • 168
    • 84861918690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of hypothalamic inflammation reverses diet-induced insulin resistance in the liver
    • Milanski M, Arruda AP, Coope A, Ignacio-Souza LM, Nunez CE, et al. 2012. Inhibition of hypothalamic inflammation reverses diet-induced insulin resistance in the liver. Diabetes 61:1455-62
    • (2012) Diabetes , vol.61 , pp. 1455-1462
    • Milanski, M.1    Arruda, A.P.2    Coope, A.3    Ignacio-Souza, L.M.4    Nunez, C.E.5
  • 170
    • 84877734347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-β, NF-κB andGnRH
    • Zhang G, Li J, Purkayastha S, Tang Y, Zhang H, et al. 2013. Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-β, NF-κB andGnRH. Nature 497:211-16
    • (2013) Nature , vol.497 , pp. 211-216
    • Zhang, G.1    Li, J.2    Purkayastha, S.3    Tang, Y.4    Zhang, H.5
  • 171
    • 84895422067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia inducemotor neuron death via the classical NF-κB pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Frakes AE, Ferraiuolo L,Haidet-Phillips AM, Schmelzer L, Braun L, et al. 2014. Microglia inducemotor neuron death via the classical NF-κB pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuron 81:1009-23
    • (2014) Neuron , vol.81 , pp. 1009-1023
    • Frakes, A.E.1    Ferraiuolo, L.2    Haidet-Phillips, A.M.3    Schmelzer, L.4    Braun, L.5
  • 172
    • 84894574217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia promote learningdependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor
    • Parkhurst CN, Yang G, Ninan I, Savas JN, Yates JR 3rd, et al. 2013. Microglia promote learningdependent synapse formation through brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Cell 155:1596-609
    • (2013) Cell , vol.155 , pp. 1596-1609
    • Parkhurst, C.N.1    Yang, G.2    Ninan, I.3    Savas, J.N.4    Yates, J.R.5
  • 173
    • 84886953273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new type of microgliagene targeting shows TAK1 to be pivotal in CNS autoimmune inflammation
    • Goldmann T, Wieghofer P, Muller PF, Wolf Y, Varol D, et al. 2013. A new type of microgliagene targeting shows TAK1 to be pivotal in CNS autoimmune inflammation. Nat. Neurosci. 16:1618-26
    • (2013) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 1618-1626
    • Goldmann, T.1    Wieghofer, P.2    Muller, P.F.3    Wolf, Y.4    Varol, D.5
  • 174
    • 79955990631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucan particles for selective delivery of siRNA to phagocytic cells in mice
    • Tesz GJ, Aouadi M, Prot M, Nicoloro SM, Boutet E, et al. 2011. Glucan particles for selective delivery of siRNA to phagocytic cells in mice. Biochem. J. 436:351-62
    • (2011) Biochem. J. , vol.436 , pp. 351-362
    • Tesz, G.J.1    Aouadi, M.2    Prot, M.3    Nicoloro, S.M.4    Boutet, E.5
  • 175
    • 84877841706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene silencing in adipose tissue macrophages regulates whole-body metabolism in obese mice
    • Aouadi M, Tencerova M, Vangala P, Yawe JC, Nicoloro SM, et al. 2013. Gene silencing in adipose tissue macrophages regulates whole-body metabolism in obese mice. PNAS 110:8278-83
    • (2013) PNAS , vol.110 , pp. 8278-8283
    • Aouadi, M.1    Tencerova, M.2    Vangala, P.3    Yawe, J.C.4    Nicoloro, S.M.5
  • 177
    • 0035005143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Migratory activity and functional changes of green fluorescent effector cells before and during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
    • Flugel A, Berkowicz T, Ritter T, Labeur M, Jenne DE, et al. 2001. Migratory activity and functional changes of green fluorescent effector cells before and during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Immunity 14:547-60
    • (2001) Immunity , vol.14 , pp. 547-560
    • Flugel, A.1    Berkowicz, T.2    Ritter, T.3    Labeur, M.4    Jenne, D.E.5
  • 178
    • 35548986304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
    • Hanisch UK, Kettenmann H. 2007. Microglia: active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain. Nat. Neurosci. 10:1387-94
    • (2007) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1387-1394
    • Hanisch, U.K.1    Kettenmann, H.2
  • 179
    • 84888867859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with increased immune cell entry into the central nervous system
    • Buckman LB, Hasty AH, Flaherty DK, Buckman CT, Thompson MM, et al. 2014. Obesity induced by a high-fat diet is associated with increased immune cell entry into the central nervous system. Brain Behav. Immun. 35:33-42
    • (2014) Brain Behav. Immun. , vol.35 , pp. 33-42
    • Buckman, L.B.1    Hasty, A.H.2    Flaherty, D.K.3    Buckman, C.T.4    Thompson, M.M.5
  • 180
    • 36448994709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life
    • Ajami B, Bennett JL, Krieger C, Tetzlaff W, Rossi FM. 2007. Local self-renewal can sustain CNS microglia maintenance and function throughout adult life. Nat. Neurosci. 10:1538-43
    • (2007) Nat. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 1538-1543
    • Ajami, B.1    Bennett, J.L.2    Krieger, C.3    Tetzlaff, W.4    Rossi, F.M.5
  • 181
    • 0032830639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in X-linked MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein2
    • Amir RE, Van den Veyver IB,Wan M, Tran CQ, Francke U, Zoghbi HY 1999. Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in X-linked MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein2. Nat. Genet. 23:185-88
    • (1999) Nat. Genet. , vol.23 , pp. 185-188
    • Amir, R.E.1    Van Den Veyver, I.B.2    Wan, M.3    Tran, C.Q.4    Francke, U.5    Zoghbi, H.Y.6
  • 182
    • 0035192456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 cause Rett syndrome
    • Van den Veyver IB, Zoghbi HY. 2001. Mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 cause Rett syndrome. Brain Dev. 23(Suppl. 1):147-51
    • (2001) Brain Dev. , vol.23 , pp. 147-151
    • Van Den Veyver, I.B.1    Zoghbi, H.Y.2
  • 183
  • 184
    • 84859454582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wild-type microglia arrest pathology in a mouse model of Rett syndrome
    • Derecki NC, Cronk JC, Lu Z, Xu E, Abbott SB, et al. 2012. Wild-type microglia arrest pathology in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Nature 484:105-9
    • (2012) Nature , vol.484 , pp. 105-109
    • Derecki, N.C.1    Cronk, J.C.2    Lu, Z.3    Xu, E.4    Abbott, S.B.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.