메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 12, Issue , 2016, Pages

Autophagy and mitochondria in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Author keywords

Adipose tissue; Beta cells; Diabetes; Macroautophagy; Mitophagy; Muscle

Indexed keywords

ADIPOSE TISSUE; AUTOPHAGY; CELL FUNCTION; DIABETIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS; HUMAN; MITOCHONDRION; MITOPHAGY; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PANCREAS ISLET BETA CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SKELETAL MUSCLE; ANIMAL; INSULIN RESISTANCE; METABOLISM; PATHOLOGY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 84981548122     PISSN: 15733998     EISSN: 18756417     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/1573399812666160217122530     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (144)

References (252)
  • 1
    • 84968822322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 6th edn: International Diabetes Federation, [cited 2015]. 6th
    • International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th edn: International Diabetes Federation; 2013 [cited 2015]. 6th: Available from: http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas
    • (2013) IDF Diabetes Atlas
  • 3
    • 39749147110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of disease:Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes
    • Muoio DM, Newgard CB. Mechanisms of disease:Molecular and metabolic mechanisms of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2008;9(3):193-205
    • (2008) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 193-205
    • Muoio, D.M.1    Newgard, C.B.2
  • 4
    • 79957969004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy
    • Duncan JG. Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011;1813(7):1351-9
    • (2011) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1813 , Issue.7 , pp. 1351-1359
    • Duncan, J.G.1
  • 5
    • 84862233042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damaged mitochondrial DNA replication system and the development of diabetic retinopathy
    • Tewari S, Santos JM, Kowluru RA. Damaged mitochondrial DNA replication system and the development of diabetic retinopathy. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2012;17(3):492-504
    • (2012) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 492-504
    • Tewari, S.1    Santos, J.M.2    Kowluru, R.A.3
  • 6
    • 84897380527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy: The beginning and end to diabetic nephropathy?
    • Higgins GC, Coughlan MT. Mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy: the beginning and end to diabetic nephropathy? Br J Pharmacol. 2014;171(8):1917-42
    • (2014) Br J Pharmacol , vol.171 , Issue.8 , pp. 1917-1942
    • Higgins, G.C.1    Coughlan, M.T.2
  • 7
    • 85043221259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance: An update
    • Montgomery MK, Turner N. Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance: an update. Endocr Connect. 2015;4(1):R1-R15
    • (2015) Endocr Connect , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. RR1-R15
    • Montgomery, M.K.1    Turner, N.2
  • 9
    • 84901410479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria as signaling organelles
    • Chandel NS. Mitochondria as signaling organelles. BMC Biol. 2014;12:34
    • (2014) BMC Biol , vol.12 , pp. 34
    • Chandel, N.S.1
  • 10
    • 0034235229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The internal structure of mitochondria
    • Frey TG, Mannella CA. The internal structure of mitochondria. Trends Biochem Sci. 2000;25(7):319-24
    • (2000) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.25 , Issue.7 , pp. 319-324
    • Frey, T.G.1    Mannella, C.A.2
  • 11
    • 84889242417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dynamics mitochondrial fission and fusion in human diseases
    • Archer SL. Mitochondrial dynamics mitochondrial fission and fusion in human diseases. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(23):2236-51
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.369 , Issue.23 , pp. 2236-2251
    • Archer, S.L.1
  • 12
    • 38549110110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy
    • Twig G, Elorza A, Molina AJ, et al. Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy. EMBO J. 2008;27(2):433-46
    • (2008) EMBO J , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 433-446
    • Twig, G.1    Elorza, A.2    Molina, A.J.3
  • 14
    • 84892569830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of autophagy: Morphology, mechanism, and regulation
    • Parzych KR, Klionsky DJ. An overview of autophagy: morphology, mechanism, and regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2014;20(3):460-73
    • (2014) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 460-473
    • Parzych, K.R.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 15
    • 78149475088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of mammalian autophagy in physiology and pathophysiology
    • Ravikumar B, Sarkar S, Davies JE, et al. Regulation of mammalian autophagy in physiology and pathophysiology. Physiol Rev. 2010;90(4):1383-435
    • (2010) Physiol Rev , vol.90 , Issue.4 , pp. 1383-1435
    • Ravikumar, B.1    Sarkar, S.2    Davies, J.E.3
  • 16
    • 77951221542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the Atg1/ULK1 complex in autophagy regulation
    • Mizushima N. The role of the Atg1/ULK1 complex in autophagy regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2010;22(2):132-9
    • (2010) Curr Opin Cell Biol , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-139
    • Mizushima, N.1
  • 17
    • 84865592978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino acids and mTORC1: From lysosomes to disease
    • Efeyan A, Zoncu R, Sabatini DM. Amino acids and mTORC1: from lysosomes to disease. Trends Mol Med. 2012;18(9):524-33
    • (2012) Trends Mol Med , vol.18 , Issue.9 , pp. 524-533
    • Efeyan, A.1    Zoncu, R.2    Sabatini, D.M.3
  • 18
    • 79251587803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of ULK1 (HATG1) by AMP-activated protein kinase connects energy sensing to mitophagy
    • Egan DF, Shackelford DB, Mihaylova MM, et al. Phosphorylation of ULK1 (hATG1) by AMP-activated protein kinase connects energy sensing to mitophagy. Science. 2011;331(6016):456-61
    • (2011) Science , vol.331 , Issue.6016 , pp. 456-461
    • Egan, D.F.1    Shackelford, D.B.2    Mihaylova, M.M.3
  • 19
    • 79551598347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1
    • Kim J, Kundu M, Viollet B, Guan KL. AMPK and mTOR regulate autophagy through direct phosphorylation of Ulk1. Nat Cell Biol. 2011;13(2):132-41
    • (2011) Nat Cell Biol , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 132-141
    • Kim, J.1    Kundu, M.2    Viollet, B.3    Guan, K.L.4
  • 20
    • 84880331368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ULK1 induces autophagy by phosphorylating Beclin-1 and activating VPS34 lipid kinase
    • Russell RC, Tian Y, Yuan H, et al. ULK1 induces autophagy by phosphorylating Beclin-1 and activating VPS34 lipid kinase. Nat Cell Biol. 2013;15(7):741-50
    • (2013) Nat Cell Biol , vol.15 , Issue.7 , pp. 741-750
    • Russell, R.C.1    Tian, Y.2    Yuan, H.3
  • 21
    • 44949237240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 regulates starvation-induced autophagy
    • Wei Y, Pattingre S, Sinha S, Bassik M, Levine B. JNK1-mediated phosphorylation of Bcl-2 regulates starvation-induced autophagy. Mol Cell. 2008;30(6):678-88
    • (2008) Mol Cell , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 678-688
    • Wei, Y.1    Pattingre, S.2    Sinha, S.3    Bassik, M.4    Levine, B.5
  • 22
    • 79960878784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atg8: An autophagy-related ubiquitin-like protein family
    • Shpilka T, Weidberg H, Pietrokovski S, Elazar Z. Atg8: an autophagy-related ubiquitin-like protein family. Genome Biol. 2011;12(7):226
    • (2011) Genome Biol , vol.12 , Issue.7 , pp. 226
    • Shpilka, T.1    Weidberg, H.2    Pietrokovski, S.3    Elazar, Z.4
  • 23
    • 84867229697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A transcriptional variant of the LC3A gene is involved in autophagy and frequently inactivated in human cancers
    • Bai H, Inoue J, Kawano T, Inazawa J. A transcriptional variant of the LC3A gene is involved in autophagy and frequently inactivated in human cancers. Oncogene. 2012;31(40):4397-408
    • (2012) Oncogene , vol.31 , Issue.40 , pp. 4397-4408
    • Bai, H.1    Inoue, J.2    Kawano, T.3    Inazawa, J.4
  • 24
    • 84898002410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LC3B is indispensable for selective autophagy of p62 but not basal autophagy
    • Maruyama Y, Sou YS, Kageyama S, et al. LC3B is indispensable for selective autophagy of p62 but not basal autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;446(1):309-15
    • (2014) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.446 , Issue.1 , pp. 309-315
    • Maruyama, Y.1    Sou, Y.S.2    Kageyama, S.3
  • 25
    • 0034329418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing
    • Kabeya Y, Mizushima N, Ueno T, et al. LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing. EMBO J. 2000;19(21):5720-8
    • (2000) EMBO J , vol.19 , Issue.21 , pp. 5720-5728
    • Kabeya, Y.1    Mizushima, N.2    Ueno, T.3
  • 26
    • 21044455137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impairment of starvationinduced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice
    • Komatsu M, Waguri S, Ueno T, et al. Impairment of starvationinduced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice. J Cell Biol. 2005;169(3):425-34
    • (2005) J Cell Biol , vol.169 , Issue.3 , pp. 425-434
    • Komatsu, M.1    Waguri, S.2    Ueno, T.3
  • 28
    • 43949143804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Atg16L complex specifies the site of LC3 lipidation for membrane biogenesis in autophagy
    • Fujita N, Itoh T, Omori H, Fukuda M, Noda T, Yoshimori T. The Atg16L complex specifies the site of LC3 lipidation for membrane biogenesis in autophagy. Mol Biol Cell. 2008;19(5):2092-100
    • (2008) Mol Biol Cell , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 2092-2100
    • Fujita, N.1    Itoh, T.2    Omori, H.3    Fukuda, M.4    Noda, T.5    Yoshimori, T.6
  • 29
    • 84862295360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
    • Klionsky DJ, Abdalla FC, Abeliovich H, et al. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy. Autophagy. 2012;8(4):445-544
    • (2012) Autophagy , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 445-544
    • Klionsky, D.J.1    Abdalla, F.C.2    Abeliovich, H.3
  • 30
    • 84892859905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between autophagy receptors and ubiquitin-like proteins form the molecular basis for selective autophagy
    • Rogov V, Dötsch V, Johansen T, Kirkin V. Interactions between autophagy receptors and ubiquitin-like proteins form the molecular basis for selective autophagy. Mol Cell. 2014;53(2):167-78
    • (2014) Mol Cell , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-178
    • Rogov, V.1    Dötsch, V.2    Johansen, T.3    Kirkin, V.4
  • 31
    • 58149314211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy
    • Narendra D, Tanaka A, Suen DF, Youle RJ. Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy. J Cell Biol. 2008;183(5):795-803
    • (2008) J Cell Biol , vol.183 , Issue.5 , pp. 795-803
    • Narendra, D.1    Tanaka, A.2    Suen, D.F.3    Youle, R.J.4
  • 32
    • 77951181836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PINK1 stabilized by mitochondrial depolarization recruits Parkin to damaged mitochondria and activates latent Parkin for mitophagy
    • Matsuda N, Sato S, Shiba K, et al. PINK1 stabilized by mitochondrial depolarization recruits Parkin to damaged mitochondria and activates latent Parkin for mitophagy. J Cell Biol. 2010;189(2):211-21
    • (2010) J Cell Biol , vol.189 , Issue.2 , pp. 211-221
    • Matsuda, N.1    Sato, S.2    Shiba, K.3
  • 33
    • 84890957474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dimeric PINK1-containing complex on depolarized mitochondria stimulates Parkin recruitment
    • Okatsu K, Uno M, Koyano F, et al. A dimeric PINK1-containing complex on depolarized mitochondria stimulates Parkin recruitment. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(51):36372-84
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , Issue.51 , pp. 36372-36384
    • Okatsu, K.1    Uno, M.2    Koyano, F.3
  • 34
    • 84899113035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HSP72 is a mitochondrial stress sensor critical for Parkin action, oxidative metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle
    • Drew BG, Ribas V, Le JA, et al. HSP72 is a mitochondrial stress sensor critical for Parkin action, oxidative metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2014;63(5):1488-505
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 1488-1505
    • Drew, B.G.1    Ribas, V.2    Le, J.A.3
  • 35
    • 84881260124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkin-catalyzed ubiquitinester transfer is triggered by PINK1-dependent phosphorylation
    • Iguchi M, Kujuro Y, Okatsu K, et al. Parkin-catalyzed ubiquitinester transfer is triggered by PINK1-dependent phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(30):22019-32
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , Issue.30 , pp. 22019-22032
    • Iguchi, M.1    Kujuro, Y.2    Okatsu, K.3
  • 36
    • 84901751574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin
    • Koyano F, Okatsu K, Kosako H, et al. Ubiquitin is phosphorylated by PINK1 to activate parkin. Nature. 2014;510(7503):162-6
    • (2014) Nature , vol.510 , Issue.7503 , pp. 162-166
    • Koyano, F.1    Okatsu, K.2    Kosako, H.3
  • 37
    • 84866072587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PINK1 autophosphorylation upon membrane potential dissipation is essential for Parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondria
    • Okatsu K, Oka T, Iguchi M, et al. PINK1 autophosphorylation upon membrane potential dissipation is essential for Parkin recruitment to damaged mitochondria. Nat Commun. 2012;3:1016
    • (2012) Nat Commun , vol.3 , pp. 1016
    • Okatsu, K.1    Oka, T.2    Iguchi, M.3
  • 38
    • 78649463381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2 are ubiquitinated in a PINK1/parkin-dependent manner upon induction of mitophagy
    • Gegg ME, Cooper JM, Chau KY, Rojo M, Schapira AH, Taanman JW. Mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2 are ubiquitinated in a PINK1/parkin-dependent manner upon induction of mitophagy. Hum Mol Genet. 2010;19(24):4861-70
    • (2010) Hum Mol Genet , vol.19 , Issue.24 , pp. 4861-4870
    • Gegg, M.E.1    Cooper, J.M.2    Chau, K.Y.3    Rojo, M.4    Schapira, A.H.5    Taanman, J.W.6
  • 39
    • 75949130828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is dependent on VDAC1 and p62/SQSTM1
    • Geisler S, Holmström KM, Skujat D, et al. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy is dependent on VDAC1 and p62/SQSTM1. Nat Cell Biol. 2010;12(2):119-31
    • (2010) Nat Cell Biol , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-131
    • Geisler, S.1    Holmström, K.M.2    Skujat, D.3
  • 40
    • 78650729600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteasome and p97 mediate mitophagy and degradation of mitofusins induced by Parkin
    • Tanaka A, Cleland MM, Xu S, et al. Proteasome and p97 mediate mitophagy and degradation of mitofusins induced by Parkin. J Cell Biol. 2010;191(7):1367-80
    • (2010) J Cell Biol , vol.191 , Issue.7 , pp. 1367-1380
    • Tanaka, A.1    Cleland, M.M.2    Xu, S.3
  • 41
    • 79954520907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by Parkin is critical for mitophagy
    • Chan NC, Salazar AM, Pham AH, et al. Broad activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by Parkin is critical for mitophagy. Hum Mol Genet. 2011;20(9):1726-37
    • (2011) Hum Mol Genet , vol.20 , Issue.9 , pp. 1726-1737
    • Chan, N.C.1    Salazar, A.M.2    Pham, A.H.3
  • 42
    • 84873843566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)dependent ubiquitination of endogenous Parkin attenuates mitophagy: Study in human primary fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons
    • Rakovic A, Shurkewitsch K, Seibler P, et al. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)dependent ubiquitination of endogenous Parkin attenuates mitophagy: study in human primary fibroblasts and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(4):2223-37
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , Issue.4 , pp. 2223-2237
    • Rakovic, A.1    Shurkewitsch, K.2    Seibler, P.3
  • 43
    • 78649300971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • P62/SQSTM1 is required for Parkin-induced mitochondrial clustering but not mitophagy; VDAC1 is dispensable for both
    • Narendra D, Kane LA, Hauser DN, Fearnley IM, Youle RJ. p62/SQSTM1 is required for Parkin-induced mitochondrial clustering but not mitophagy; VDAC1 is dispensable for both. Autophagy. 2010;6(8):1090-106
    • (2010) Autophagy , vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp. 1090-1106
    • Narendra, D.1    Kane, L.A.2    Hauser, D.N.3    Fearnley, I.M.4    Youle, R.J.5
  • 44
    • 84908065760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optineurin is an autophagy receptor for damaged mitochondria in parkin-mediated mitophagy that is disrupted by an ALS-linked mutation
    • Wong YC, Holzbaur EL. Optineurin is an autophagy receptor for damaged mitochondria in parkin-mediated mitophagy that is disrupted by an ALS-linked mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(42):E4439-48
    • (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.111 , Issue.42 , pp. E4439-E4448
    • Wong, Y.C.1    Holzbaur, E.L.2
  • 46
    • 74049153002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nix is a selective autophagy receptor for mitochondrial clearance
    • Novak I, Kirkin V, McEwan DG, et al. Nix is a selective autophagy receptor for mitochondrial clearance. EMBO Rep. 2010;11(1):45-51
    • (2010) EMBO Rep , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-51
    • Novak, I.1    Kirkin, V.2    McEwan, D.G.3
  • 48
    • 84862789618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial outer-membrane protein FUNDC1 mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells
    • Liu L, Feng D, Chen G, et al. Mitochondrial outer-membrane protein FUNDC1 mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy in mammalian cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2012;14(2):177-85
    • (2012) Nat Cell Biol , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 177-185
    • Liu, L.1    Feng, D.2    Chen, G.3
  • 49
    • 84885176082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiolipin externalization to the outer mitochondrial membrane acts as an elimination signal for mitophagy in neuronal cells
    • Chu CT, Ji J, Dagda RK, et al. Cardiolipin externalization to the outer mitochondrial membrane acts as an elimination signal for mitophagy in neuronal cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2013;15(10):1197-205
    • (2013) Nat Cell Biol , vol.15 , Issue.10 , pp. 1197-1205
    • Chu, C.T.1    Ji, J.2    Dagda, R.K.3
  • 50
    • 84925485690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMBRA1 is able to induce mitophagy via LC3 binding, regardless of PARKIN and p62/SQSTM1
    • Strappazzon F, Nazio F, Corrado M, et al. AMBRA1 is able to induce mitophagy via LC3 binding, regardless of PARKIN and p62/SQSTM1. Cell Death Differ. 2014
    • (2014) Cell Death Differ
    • Strappazzon, F.1    Nazio, F.2    Corrado, M.3
  • 51
    • 79960407069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkin interacts with Ambra1 to induce mitophagy
    • Van Humbeeck C, Cornelissen T, Hofkens H, et al. Parkin interacts with Ambra1 to induce mitophagy. J Neurosci. 2011;31(28):10249-61
    • (2011) J Neurosci , vol.31 , Issue.28 , pp. 10249-10261
    • Van Humbeeck, C.1    Cornelissen, T.2    Hofkens, H.3
  • 52
    • 65949095803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism
    • Singh R, Kaushik S, Wang Y, et al. Autophagy regulates lipid metabolism. Nature. 2009;458(7242):1131-5
    • (2009) Nature , vol.458 , Issue.7242 , pp. 1131-1135
    • Singh, R.1    Kaushik, S.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 53
    • 79960951346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in hypothalamic AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance
    • Kaushik S, Rodriguez-Navarro JA, Arias E, et al. Autophagy in hypothalamic AgRP neurons regulates food intake and energy balance. Cell Metab. 2011;14(2):173-83
    • (2011) Cell Metab , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-183
    • Kaushik, S.1    Rodriguez-Navarro, J.A.2    Arias, E.3
  • 54
    • 84863229947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of autophagy in hypothalamic POMC neurons impairs lipolysis
    • Kaushik S, Arias E, Kwon H, et al. Loss of autophagy in hypothalamic POMC neurons impairs lipolysis. EMBO Rep. 2012;13(3):258-65
    • (2012) EMBO Rep , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 258-265
    • Kaushik, S.1    Arias, E.2    Kwon, H.3
  • 55
    • 0024237258 scopus 로고
    • Rates and tissue sites of non-insulinand insulin-mediated glucose uptake in humans
    • Baron AD, Brechtel G, Wallace P, Edelman SV. Rates and tissue sites of non-insulinand insulin-mediated glucose uptake in humans. Am J Physiol. 1988;255(6 Pt 1):E769-74
    • (1988) Am J Physiol , vol.255 , Issue.6 , pp. E769-E774
    • Baron, A.D.1    Brechtel, G.2    Wallace, P.3    Edelman, S.V.4
  • 56
    • 84875412120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial deficiency is associated with insulin resistance
    • Goodpaster BH. Mitochondrial deficiency is associated with insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2013;62(4):1032-5
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 1032-1035
    • Goodpaster, B.H.1
  • 57
    • 84875440537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deficiency of mitochondria in muscle does not cause insulin resistance
    • Holloszy JO. “Deficiency” of mitochondria in muscle does not cause insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2013;62(4):1036-40
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 1036-1040
    • Holloszy, J.O.1
  • 58
    • 0033400310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in association with insulin resistance, obesity, and weight loss
    • Kelley DE, Goodpaster B, Wing RR, Simoneau JA. Skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in association with insulin resistance, obesity, and weight loss. Am J Physiol. 1999;277(6 Pt 1):E1130-41
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277 , Issue.6 , pp. E1130-E1141
    • Kelley, D.E.1    Goodpaster, B.2    Wing, R.R.3    Simoneau, J.A.4
  • 59
    • 0036788293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes
    • Kelley DE, He J, Menshikova EV, Ritov VB. Dysfunction of mitochondria in human skeletal muscle in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2002;51(10):2944-50
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.10 , pp. 2944-2950
    • Kelley, D.E.1    He, J.2    Menshikova, E.V.3    Ritov, V.B.4
  • 62
    • 31044433308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced mitochondrial density and increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic parents
    • Morino K, Petersen KF, Dufour S, et al. Reduced mitochondrial density and increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic parents. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(12):3587-93
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , Issue.12 , pp. 3587-3593
    • Morino, K.1    Petersen, K.F.2    Dufour, S.3
  • 63
    • 33847611885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with type 2 diabetes have normal mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle
    • Boushel R, Gnaiger E, Schjerling P, Skovbro M, Kraunsøe R, Dela F. Patients with type 2 diabetes have normal mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. Diabetologia. 2007;50(4):790-6
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 790-796
    • Boushel, R.1    Gnaiger, E.2    Schjerling, P.3    Skovbro, M.4    Kraunsøe, R.5    Dela, F.6
  • 64
    • 34147175161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism are lower in overweight and obese insulin-resistant subjects
    • Heilbronn LK, Gan SK, Turner N, Campbell LV, Chisholm DJ. Markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism are lower in overweight and obese insulin-resistant subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(4):1467-73
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.92 , Issue.4 , pp. 1467-1473
    • Heilbronn, L.K.1    Gan, S.K.2    Turner, N.3    Campbell, L.V.4    Chisholm, D.J.5
  • 65
    • 33847344733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Family history of diabetes links impaired substrate switching and reduced mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle
    • Ukropcova B, Sereda O, de Jonge L, et al. Family history of diabetes links impaired substrate switching and reduced mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2007;56(3):720-7
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 720-727
    • Ukropcova, B.1    Sereda, O.2    De Jonge, L.3
  • 66
    • 79951706196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle mitochondria in insulin resistance: Differences in intermyofibrillar versus subsarcolemmal subpopulations and relationship to metabolic flexibility
    • Chomentowski P, Coen PM, Radiková Z, Goodpaster BH, Toledo FG. Skeletal muscle mitochondria in insulin resistance: differences in intermyofibrillar versus subsarcolemmal subpopulations and relationship to metabolic flexibility. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):494-503
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , Issue.2 , pp. 494-503
    • Chomentowski, P.1    Coen, P.M.2    Radiková, Z.3    Goodpaster, B.H.4    Toledo, F.G.5
  • 67
    • 84887165238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and elevated ceramide but not diacylglycerol content in severe obesity
    • Coen PM, Hames KC, Leachman EM, et al. Reduced skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and elevated ceramide but not diacylglycerol content in severe obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2013;21(11):2362-71
    • (2013) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 2362-2371
    • Coen, P.M.1    Hames, K.C.2    Leachman, E.M.3
  • 68
    • 0038054341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PGC-1alpharesponsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes
    • Mootha VK, Lindgren CM, Eriksson KF, et al. PGC-1alpharesponsive genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation are coordinately downregulated in human diabetes. Nat Genet. 2003;34(3):267-73
    • (2003) Nat Genet , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-273
    • Mootha, V.K.1    Lindgren, C.M.2    Eriksson, K.F.3
  • 69
    • 0037477855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: Potential role of PGC1 and NRF1
    • Patti ME, Butte AJ, Crunkhorn S, et al. Coordinated reduction of genes of oxidative metabolism in humans with insulin resistance and diabetes: Potential role of PGC1 and NRF1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(14):8466-71
    • (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.100 , Issue.14 , pp. 8466-8471
    • Patti, M.E.1    Butte, A.J.2    Crunkhorn, S.3
  • 70
    • 77449155964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteomics analysis of human skeletal muscle reveals novel abnormalities in obesity and type 2 diabetes
    • Hwang H, Bowen BP, Lefort N, et al. Proteomics analysis of human skeletal muscle reveals novel abnormalities in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2010;59(1):33-42
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-42
    • Hwang, H.1    Bowen, B.P.2    Lefort, N.3
  • 71
    • 34249720640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial respiration is decreased in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Mogensen M, Sahlin K, Fernström M, et al. Mitochondrial respiration is decreased in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2007;56(6):1592-9
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 1592-1599
    • Mogensen, M.1    Sahlin, K.2    Fernström, M.3
  • 72
    • 58149346025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower intrinsic ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration underlies in vivo mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle of male type 2 diabetic patients
    • Phielix E, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Mensink M, et al. Lower intrinsic ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration underlies in vivo mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle of male type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes. 2008;57(11):2943-9
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.11 , pp. 2943-2949
    • Phielix, E.1    Schrauwen-Hinderling, V.B.2    Mensink, M.3
  • 73
    • 76149125131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional anatomic differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetes and obesity
    • Rabøl R, Larsen S, Højberg PM, et al. Regional anatomic differences in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(2):857-63
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 857-863
    • Rabøl, R.1    Larsen, S.2    Højberg, P.M.3
  • 74
    • 80052528089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased mitochondrial substrate sensitivity in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Larsen S, Stride N, Hey-Mogensen M, et al. Increased mitochondrial substrate sensitivity in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2011;54(6):1427-36
    • (2011) Diabetologia , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 1427-1436
    • Larsen, S.1    Stride, N.2    Hey-Mogensen, M.3
  • 75
    • 33845514376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and gene transcript profiles in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects at equal levels of low or high insulin and euglycemia
    • Asmann YW, Stump CS, Short KR, et al. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions, mitochondrial DNA copy numbers, and gene transcript profiles in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic subjects at equal levels of low or high insulin and euglycemia. Diabetes. 2006;55(12):3309-19
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , Issue.12 , pp. 3309-3319
    • Asmann, Y.W.1    Stump, C.S.2    Short, K.R.3
  • 76
    • 84942605137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise training on mitochondrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Larsen S, Skaaby S, Helge JW, Dela F. Effects of exercise training on mitochondrial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes. 2014;5(4):482-92
    • (2014) World J Diabetes , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 482-492
    • Larsen, S.1    Skaaby, S.2    Helge, J.W.3    Dela, F.4
  • 77
    • 33749041269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory chain dysfunction in skeletal muscle does not cause insulin resistance
    • Wredenberg A, Freyer C, Sandström ME, et al. Respiratory chain dysfunction in skeletal muscle does not cause insulin resistance. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006;350(1):202-7
    • (2006) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.350 , Issue.1 , pp. 202-207
    • Wredenberg, A.1    Freyer, C.2    Sandström, M.E.3
  • 78
    • 38849199866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction results from oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of diet-induced insulin-resistant mice
    • Bonnard C, Durand A, Peyrol S, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction results from oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of diet-induced insulin-resistant mice. J Clin Invest. 2008;118(2):789-800
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 789-800
    • Bonnard, C.1    Durand, A.2    Peyrol, S.3
  • 79
    • 84891816140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content are normal in young insulinresistant obese humans
    • Fisher-Wellman KH, Weber TM, Cathey BL, et al. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content are normal in young insulinresistant obese humans. Diabetes. 2014;63(1):132-41
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , Issue.1 , pp. 132-141
    • Fisher-Wellman, K.H.1    Weber, T.M.2    Cathey, B.L.3
  • 80
    • 37449020075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial overload and incomplete fatty acid oxidation contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance
    • Koves TR, Ussher JR, Noland RC, et al. Mitochondrial overload and incomplete fatty acid oxidation contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2008;7(1):45-56
    • (2008) Cell Metab , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-56
    • Koves, T.R.1    Ussher, J.R.2    Noland, R.C.3
  • 81
    • 69249113803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carnitine insufficiency caused by aging and overnutrition compromises mitochondrial performance and metabolic control
    • Noland RC, Koves TR, Seiler SE, et al. Carnitine insufficiency caused by aging and overnutrition compromises mitochondrial performance and metabolic control. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(34):22840-52
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , Issue.34 , pp. 22840-22852
    • Noland, R.C.1    Koves, T.R.2    Seiler, S.E.3
  • 82
    • 84872051718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acylcarnitines: Reflecting or inflicting insulin resistance?
    • Schooneman MG, Vaz FM, Houten SM, Soeters MR. Acylcarnitines: reflecting or inflicting insulin resistance? Diabetes. 2013;62(1):1-8
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-8
    • Schooneman, M.G.1    Vaz, F.M.2    Houten, S.M.3    Soeters, M.R.4
  • 83
    • 84930863655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acylcarnitines: Potential implications for skeletal muscle insulin resistance
    • Aguer C, McCoin CS, Knotts TA, et al. Acylcarnitines: potential implications for skeletal muscle insulin resistance. FASEB J. 2015;29(1):336-45
    • (2015) FASEB J , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 336-345
    • Aguer, C.1    McCoin, C.S.2    Knotts, T.A.3
  • 84
    • 80053403320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle triglycerides, diacylglycerols, and ceramides in insulin resistance: Another paradox in endurance-trained athletes?
    • Amati F, Dube JJ, Alvarez-Carnero E, et al. Skeletal muscle triglycerides, diacylglycerols, and ceramides in insulin resistance: another paradox in endurance-trained athletes? Diabetes. 2011;60(10):2588-97
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , Issue.10 , pp. 2588-2597
    • Amati, F.1    Dube, J.J.2    Alvarez-Carnero, E.3
  • 85
    • 84901376570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activating HSP72 in rodent skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial number and oxidative capacity and decreases insulin resistance
    • Henstridge DC, Bruce CR, Drew BG, et al. Activating HSP72 in rodent skeletal muscle increases mitochondrial number and oxidative capacity and decreases insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2014;63(6):1881-94
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , Issue.6 , pp. 1881-1894
    • Henstridge, D.C.1    Bruce, C.R.2    Drew, B.G.3
  • 86
    • 79551470306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress, insulin signaling, and diabetes
    • Rains JL, Jain SK. Oxidative stress, insulin signaling, and diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med. 2011;50(5):567-75
    • (2011) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 567-575
    • Rains, J.L.1    Jain, S.K.2
  • 87
    • 0142150051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species
    • Turrens JF. Mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species. J Physiol. 2003;552(Pt 2):335-44
    • (2003) J Physiol , vol.552 , pp. 335-344
    • Turrens, J.F.1
  • 88
    • 0025732948 scopus 로고
    • Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes
    • Baynes JW. Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes. 1991;40(4):405-12
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 405-412
    • Baynes, J.W.1
  • 89
    • 0037490142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversible glutathionylation of complex I increases mitochondrial superoxide formation
    • Taylor ER, Hurrell F, Shannon RJ, Lin TK, Hirst J, Murphy MP. Reversible glutathionylation of complex I increases mitochondrial superoxide formation. J Biol Chem. 2003;278(22):19603-10
    • (2003) J Biol Chem , vol.278 , Issue.22 , pp. 19603-19610
    • Taylor, E.R.1    Hurrell, F.2    Shannon, R.J.3    Lin, T.K.4    Hirst, J.5    Murphy, M.P.6
  • 90
    • 33847683419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of ROS generation by mitochondria in cells with impaired electron transport chain and mitochondrial DNA damage
    • Indo HP, Davidson M, Yen HC, et al. Evidence of ROS generation by mitochondria in cells with impaired electron transport chain and mitochondrial DNA damage. Mitochondrion. 2007;7(1-2):106-18
    • (2007) Mitochondrion , vol.7 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 106-118
    • Indo, H.P.1    Davidson, M.2    Yen, H.C.3
  • 91
    • 0030009314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BCL-2 expression or antioxidants prevent hyperglycemia-induced formation of intracellular advanced glycation endproducts in bovine endothelial cells
    • Giardino I, Edelstein D, Brownlee M. BCL-2 expression or antioxidants prevent hyperglycemia-induced formation of intracellular advanced glycation endproducts in bovine endothelial cells. J Clin Invest. 1996;97(6):1422-8
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , Issue.6 , pp. 1422-1428
    • Giardino, I.1    Edelstein, D.2    Brownlee, M.3
  • 92
    • 0030856714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III by cell-permeable ceramide
    • Gudz TI, Tserng KY, Hoppel CL. Direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III by cell-permeable ceramide. J Biol Chem. 1997;272(39):24154-8
    • (1997) J Biol Chem , vol.272 , Issue.39 , pp. 24154-24158
    • Gudz, T.I.1    Tserng, K.Y.2    Hoppel, C.L.3
  • 93
    • 0344758310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arachidonic acid interaction with the mitochondrial electron transport chain promotes reactive oxygen species generation
    • Cocco T, Di Paola M, Papa S, Lorusso M. Arachidonic acid interaction with the mitochondrial electron transport chain promotes reactive oxygen species generation. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;27(1-2):51-9
    • (1999) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.27 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 51-59
    • Cocco, T.1    Di Paola, M.2    Papa, S.3    Lorusso, M.4
  • 94
    • 18844417373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of palmitate on the mitochondrial NADH:Ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) as related to the active-de-active enzyme transition
    • Loskovich MV, Grivennikova VG, Cecchini G, Vinogradov AD. Inhibitory effect of palmitate on the mitochondrial NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) as related to the active-de-active enzyme transition. Biochem J. 2005;387(Pt 3):677-83
    • (2005) Biochem J , vol.387 , pp. 677-683
    • Loskovich, M.V.1    Grivennikova, V.G.2    Cecchini, G.3    Vinogradov, A.D.4
  • 95
    • 34547098640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatty acids decrease mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species at the reverse electron transport but increase it at the forward transport
    • Schönfeld P, Wojtczak L. Fatty acids decrease mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species at the reverse electron transport but increase it at the forward transport. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007;1767(8):1032-40
    • (2007) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1767 , Issue.8 , pp. 1032-1040
    • Schönfeld, P.1    Wojtczak, L.2
  • 96
    • 53149138585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deleterious action of FA metabolites on ATP synthesis: Possible link between lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance
    • Abdul-Ghani MA, Muller FL, Liu Y, et al. Deleterious action of FA metabolites on ATP synthesis: possible link between lipotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2008;295(3):E678-85
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.295 , Issue.3 , pp. E678-E685
    • Abdul-Ghani, M.A.1    Muller, F.L.2    Liu, Y.3
  • 97
    • 52949084673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of shortand medium-chain organic acids, acylcarnitines, and acyl-CoAs on mitochondrial energy metabolism
    • Sauer SW, Okun JG, Hoffmann GF, Koelker S, Morath MA. Impact of shortand medium-chain organic acids, acylcarnitines, and acyl-CoAs on mitochondrial energy metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008;1777(10):1276-82
    • (2008) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1777 , Issue.10 , pp. 1276-1282
    • Sauer, S.W.1    Okun, J.G.2    Hoffmann, G.F.3    Koelker, S.4    Morath, M.A.5
  • 98
    • 48749100078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmitate increases superoxide production through mitochondrial electron transport chain and NADPH oxidase activity in skeletal muscle cells
    • Lambertucci RH, Hirabara SM, Silveira Ldos R, Levada-Pires AC, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC. Palmitate increases superoxide production through mitochondrial electron transport chain and NADPH oxidase activity in skeletal muscle cells. J Cell Physiol. 2008;216(3):796-804
    • (2008) J Cell Physiol , vol.216 , Issue.3 , pp. 796-804
    • Lambertucci, R.H.1    Hirabara, S.M.2    Silveira Ldos, R.3    Levada-Pires, A.C.4    Curi, R.5    Pithon-Curi, T.C.6
  • 99
    • 77949322975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electron transport chain-dependent and -independent mechanisms of mitochondrial H2O2 emission during long-chain fatty acid oxidation
    • Seifert EL, Estey C, Xuan JY, Harper ME. Electron transport chain-dependent and -independent mechanisms of mitochondrial H2O2 emission during long-chain fatty acid oxidation. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(8):5748-58
    • (2010) J Biol Chem , vol.285 , Issue.8 , pp. 5748-5758
    • Seifert, E.L.1    Estey, C.2    Xuan, J.Y.3    Harper, M.E.4
  • 100
    • 84887866253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting metabolic effects of mediumversus long-chain fatty acids in skeletal muscle
    • Montgomery MK, Osborne B, Brown SH, et al. Contrasting metabolic effects of mediumversus long-chain fatty acids in skeletal muscle. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(12):3322-33
    • (2013) J Lipid Res , vol.54 , Issue.12 , pp. 3322-3333
    • Montgomery, M.K.1    Osborne, B.2    Brown, S.H.3
  • 101
    • 33645860825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance
    • Houstis N, Rosen ED, Lander ES. Reactive oxygen species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance. Nature. 2006;440(7086):944-8
    • (2006) Nature , vol.440 , Issue.7086 , pp. 944-948
    • Houstis, N.1    Rosen, E.D.2    Lander, E.S.3
  • 102
    • 70449552861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance is a cellular antioxidant defense mechanism
    • Hoehn KL, Salmon AB, Hohnen-Behrens C, et al. Insulin resistance is a cellular antioxidant defense mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(42):17787-92
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , Issue.42 , pp. 17787-17792
    • Hoehn, K.L.1    Salmon, A.B.2    Hohnen-Behrens, C.3
  • 103
    • 67650815430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial H2O2 emission and cellular redox state link excess fat intake to insulin resistance in both rodents and humans
    • Anderson EJ, Lustig ME, Boyle KE, et al. Mitochondrial H2O2 emission and cellular redox state link excess fat intake to insulin resistance in both rodents and humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(3):573-81
    • (2009) J Clin Invest , vol.119 , Issue.3 , pp. 573-581
    • Anderson, E.J.1    Lustig, M.E.2    Boyle, K.E.3
  • 104
    • 77957589754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased reactive oxygen species production and lower abundance of complex I subunits and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B protein despite normal mitochondrial respiration in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle
    • Lefort N, Glancy B, Bowen B, et al. Increased reactive oxygen species production and lower abundance of complex I subunits and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B protein despite normal mitochondrial respiration in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2010;59(10):2444-52
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , Issue.10 , pp. 2444-2452
    • Lefort, N.1    Glancy, B.2    Bowen, B.3
  • 105
    • 69249112283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress in skeletal muscle impairs mitochondrial respiration and limits exercise capacity in type 2 diabetic mice
    • Yokota T, Kinugawa S, Hirabayashi K, et al. Oxidative stress in skeletal muscle impairs mitochondrial respiration and limits exercise capacity in type 2 diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2009;297(3):H1069-77
    • (2009) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.297 , Issue.3 , pp. H1069-H1077
    • Yokota, T.1    Kinugawa, S.2    Hirabayashi, K.3
  • 106
    • 78649497300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted expression of catalase to mitochondria prevents age-associated reductions in mitochondrial function and insulin resistance
    • Lee HY, Choi CS, Birkenfeld AL, et al. Targeted expression of catalase to mitochondria prevents age-associated reductions in mitochondrial function and insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 2010;12(6):668-74
    • (2010) Cell Metab , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 668-674
    • Lee, H.Y.1    Choi, C.S.2    Birkenfeld, A.L.3
  • 107
    • 79952163577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial alterations in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice
    • Bravard A, Bonnard C, Durand A, et al. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial alterations in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011;300(3):E581-91
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.300 , Issue.3 , pp. E581-E591
    • Bravard, A.1    Bonnard, C.2    Durand, A.3
  • 108
    • 0034770292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted disruption of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against obesity-linked insulin resistance in muscle
    • Perreault M, Marette A. Targeted disruption of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against obesity-linked insulin resistance in muscle. Nat Med. 2001;7(10):1138-43
    • (2001) Nat Med , vol.7 , Issue.10 , pp. 1138-1143
    • Perreault, M.1    Marette, A.2
  • 109
    • 1342304048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NAD(P)H oxidase homolog Nox4 modulates insulin-stimulated generation of H2O2 and plays an integral role in insulin signal transduction
    • Mahadev K, Motoshima H, Wu X, et al. The NAD(P)H oxidase homolog Nox4 modulates insulin-stimulated generation of H2O2 and plays an integral role in insulin signal transduction. Mol Cell Biol. 2004;24(5):1844-54
    • (2004) Mol Cell Biol , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 1844-1854
    • Mahadev, K.1    Motoshima, H.2    Wu, X.3
  • 110
    • 15944378147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • S-nitrosation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, and protein kinase B/Akt: A novel mechanism of insulin resistance
    • Carvalho-Filho MA, Ueno M, Hirabara SM, et al. S-nitrosation of the insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate 1, and protein kinase B/Akt: a novel mechanism of insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2005;54(4):959-67
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , Issue.4 , pp. 959-967
    • Carvalho-Filho, M.A.1    Ueno, M.2    Hirabara, S.M.3
  • 111
    • 17144413748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inducible nitric-oxide synthase and NO donor induce insulin receptor substrate-1 degradation in skeletal muscle cells
    • Sugita H, Fujimoto M, Yasukawa T, et al. Inducible nitric-oxide synthase and NO donor induce insulin receptor substrate-1 degradation in skeletal muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(14):14203-11
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , Issue.14 , pp. 14203-14211
    • Sugita, H.1    Fujimoto, M.2    Yasukawa, T.3
  • 112
    • 34250811414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of autophagy in mitochondria maintenance: Characterization of mitochondrial functions in autophagy-deficient S. Cerevisiae strains
    • Zhang Y, Qi H, Taylor R, Xu W, Liu LF, Jin S. The role of autophagy in mitochondria maintenance: characterization of mitochondrial functions in autophagy-deficient S. cerevisiae strains. Autophagy. 2007;3(4):337-46
    • (2007) Autophagy , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 337-346
    • Zhang, Y.1    Qi, H.2    Taylor, R.3    Xu, W.4    Liu, L.F.5    Jin, S.6
  • 113
    • 67649399288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of PINK1 function promotes mitophagy through effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission
    • Dagda RK, Cherra SJ, 3rd, Kulich SM, Tandon A, Park D, Chu CT. Loss of PINK1 function promotes mitophagy through effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(20):13843-55
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , Issue.20 , pp. 13843-13855
    • Dagda, R.K.1    Cherra, S.J.2    Kulich, S.M.3    Tandon, A.4    Park, D.5    Chu, C.T.6
  • 114
    • 62449110463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of autophagy results in reactive oxygen species-dependent amplification of RLR signaling
    • Tal MC, Sasai M, Lee HK, Yordy B, Shadel GS, Iwasaki A. Absence of autophagy results in reactive oxygen species-dependent amplification of RLR signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(8):2770-5
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , Issue.8 , pp. 2770-2775
    • Tal, M.C.1    Sasai, M.2    Lee, H.K.3    Yordy, B.4    Shadel, G.S.5    Iwasaki, A.6
  • 115
    • 77952409809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress mediate the physiological impairment induced by the disruption of autophagy
    • Wu JJ, Quijano C, Chen E, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress mediate the physiological impairment induced by the disruption of autophagy. Aging (Albany NY). 2009;1(4):425-37
    • (2009) Aging (Albany NY) , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 425-437
    • Wu, J.J.1    Quijano, C.2    Chen, E.3
  • 116
    • 84856244072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitophagy plays an essential role in reducing mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and mutation of mitochondrial DNA by maintaining mitochondrial quantity and quality in yeast
    • Kurihara Y, Kanki T, Aoki Y, et al. Mitophagy plays an essential role in reducing mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species and mutation of mitochondrial DNA by maintaining mitochondrial quantity and quality in yeast. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(5):3265-72
    • (2012) J Biol Chem , vol.287 , Issue.5 , pp. 3265-3272
    • Kurihara, Y.1    Kanki, T.2    Aoki, Y.3
  • 117
    • 78650890352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of autophagy by ROS: Physiology and pathology
    • Scherz-Shouval R, Elazar Z. Regulation of autophagy by ROS: physiology and pathology. Trends Biochem Sci. 2011;36(1):30-8
    • (2011) Trends Biochem Sci , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-38
    • Scherz-Shouval, R.1    Elazar, Z.2
  • 118
    • 84925535117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress and autophagy: The clash between damage and metabolic needs
    • Filomeni G, De Zio D, Cecconi F. Oxidative stress and autophagy: the clash between damage and metabolic needs. Cell Death Differ. 2014
    • (2014) Cell Death Differ
    • Filomeni, G.1    De Zio, D.2    Cecconi, F.3
  • 119
    • 84908681880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress activates AMPK in cultured cells primarily by increasing cellular AMP and/or ADP
    • Auciello FR, Ross FA, Ikematsu N, Hardie DG. Oxidative stress activates AMPK in cultured cells primarily by increasing cellular AMP and/or ADP. FEBS Lett. 2014;588(18):3361-6
    • (2014) FEBS Lett , vol.588 , Issue.18 , pp. 3361-3366
    • Auciello, F.R.1    Ross, F.A.2    Ikematsu, N.3    Hardie, D.G.4
  • 120
    • 34247186472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4
    • Scherz-Shouval R, Shvets E, Fass E, Shorer H, Gil L, Elazar Z. Reactive oxygen species are essential for autophagy and specifically regulate the activity of Atg4. EMBO J. 2007;26(7):1749-60
    • (2007) EMBO J , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 1749-1760
    • Scherz-Shouval, R.1    Shvets, E.2    Fass, E.3    Shorer, H.4    Gil, L.5    Elazar, Z.6
  • 121
    • 84867740975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitophagy is triggered by mild oxidative stress in a mitochondrial fission dependent manner
    • Frank M, Duvezin-Caubet S, Koob S, et al. Mitophagy is triggered by mild oxidative stress in a mitochondrial fission dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2012;1823(12):2297-310
    • (2012) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1823 , Issue.12 , pp. 2297-2310
    • Frank, M.1    Duvezin-Caubet, S.2    Koob, S.3
  • 122
    • 84867273800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ROS-induced mitochondrial depolarization initiates PARK2/PARKIN-dependent mitochondrial degradation by autophagy
    • Wang Y, Nartiss Y, Steipe B, McQuibban GA, Kim PK. ROS-induced mitochondrial depolarization initiates PARK2/PARKIN-dependent mitochondrial degradation by autophagy. Autophagy. 2012;8(10):1462-76
    • (2012) Autophagy , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 1462-1476
    • Wang, Y.1    Nartiss, Y.2    Steipe, B.3    McQuibban, G.A.4    Kim, P.K.5
  • 123
    • 70449927247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass
    • Masiero E, Agatea L, Mammucari C, et al. Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass. Cell Metab. 2009;10(6):507-15
    • (2009) Cell Metab , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 507-515
    • Masiero, E.1    Agatea, L.2    Mammucari, C.3
  • 124
    • 40349096251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • HSP72 protects against obesity-induced insulin resistance
    • Chung J, Nguyen AK, Henstridge DC, et al. HSP72 protects against obesity-induced insulin resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(5):1739-44
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.105 , Issue.5 , pp. 1739-1744
    • Chung, J.1    Nguyen, A.K.2    Henstridge, D.C.3
  • 125
    • 80052389174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkin is a lipidresponsive regulator of fat uptake in mice and mutant human cells
    • Kim KY, Stevens MV, Akter MH, et al. Parkin is a lipidresponsive regulator of fat uptake in mice and mutant human cells. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(9):3701-12
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , Issue.9 , pp. 3701-3712
    • Kim, K.Y.1    Stevens, M.V.2    Akter, M.H.3
  • 126
    • 84863393597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exercise-induced BCL2regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis
    • He C, Bassik MC, Moresi V, et al. Exercise-induced BCL2regulated autophagy is required for muscle glucose homeostasis. Nature. 2012;481(7382):511-5
    • (2012) Nature , vol.481 , Issue.7382 , pp. 511-515
    • He, C.1    Bassik, M.C.2    Moresi, V.3
  • 127
    • 0032765396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase activation causes GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle
    • Kurth-Kraczek EJ, Hirshman MF, Goodyear LJ, Winder WW. 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase activation causes GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 1999;48(8):1667-71
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , Issue.8 , pp. 1667-1671
    • Kurth-Kraczek, E.J.1    Hirshman, M.F.2    Goodyear, L.J.3    Winder, W.W.4
  • 128
    • 0024410065 scopus 로고
    • Skeletal muscle in the diabetic mouse: Histochemical and morphometric analysis
    • Klueber KM, Feczko JD, Schmidt G, Watkins JB, 3rd. Skeletal muscle in the diabetic mouse: histochemical and morphometric analysis. Anat Rec. 1989;225(1):41-5
    • (1989) Anat Rec , vol.225 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-45
    • Klueber, K.M.1    Feczko, J.D.2    Schmidt, G.3    Watkins, J.B.4
  • 129
    • 78649502788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle: Clinical observations and physiological mechanisms
    • Krause MP, Riddell MC, Hawke TJ. Effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle: clinical observations and physiological mechanisms. Pediatr Diabetes. 2011;12(4 Pt 1):345-64
    • (2011) Pediatr Diabetes , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-364
    • Krause, M.P.1    Riddell, M.C.2    Hawke, T.J.3
  • 130
    • 33748286777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased muscle strength and quality in older adults with type 2 diabetes: The health, aging, and body composition study
    • Park SW, Goodpaster BH, Strotmeyer ES, et al. Decreased muscle strength and quality in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the health, aging, and body composition study. Diabetes. 2006;55(6):1813-8
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , Issue.6 , pp. 1813-1818
    • Park, S.W.1    Goodpaster, B.H.2    Strotmeyer, E.S.3
  • 131
    • 34249905601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated loss of skeletal muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes: The health, aging, and body composition study
    • Park SW, Goodpaster BH, Strotmeyer ES, et al. Accelerated loss of skeletal muscle strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes: the health, aging, and body composition study. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(6):1507-12
    • (2007) Diabetes Care , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 1507-1512
    • Park, S.W.1    Goodpaster, B.H.2    Strotmeyer, E.S.3
  • 132
    • 84891694035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic myopathy: Impact of diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle progenitor cells
    • D’Souza DM, Al-Sajee D, Hawke TJ. Diabetic myopathy: impact of diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle progenitor cells. Front Physiol. 2013;4:379
    • (2013) Front Physiol , vol.4 , pp. 379
    • D’Souza, D.M.1    Al-Sajee, D.2    Hawke, T.J.3
  • 133
    • 0029861468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscle wasting in insulinopenic rats results from activation of the ATP-dependent, ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway by a mechanism including gene transcription
    • Price SR, Bailey JL, Wang X, et al. Muscle wasting in insulinopenic rats results from activation of the ATP-dependent, ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway by a mechanism including gene transcription. J Clin Invest. 1996;98(8):1703-8
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , Issue.8 , pp. 1703-1708
    • Price, S.R.1    Bailey, J.L.2    Wang, X.3
  • 134
    • 84899732178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy-regulating TP53INP2 mediates muscle wasting and is repressed in diabetes
    • Sala D, Ivanova S, Plana N, et al. Autophagy-regulating TP53INP2 mediates muscle wasting and is repressed in diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(5):1914-27
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , Issue.5 , pp. 1914-1927
    • Sala, D.1    Ivanova, S.2    Plana, N.3
  • 135
    • 84885290802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: Statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations
    • Finegold JA, Asaria P, Francis DP. Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(2):934-45
    • (2013) Int J Cardiol , vol.168 , Issue.2 , pp. 934-945
    • Finegold, J.A.1    Asaria, P.2    Francis, D.P.3
  • 136
    • 0034999667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: Close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia
    • Weyer C, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, et al. Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(5):1930-5
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 1930-1935
    • Weyer, C.1    Funahashi, T.2    Tanaka, S.3
  • 137
    • 0035936764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and the regulation of energy balance
    • Spiegelman BM, Flier JS. Obesity and the regulation of energy balance. Cell. 2001;104(4):531-43
    • (2001) Cell , vol.104 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-543
    • Spiegelman, B.M.1    Flier, J.S.2
  • 138
    • 64349105205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans
    • Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, et al. Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(15):1509-17
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.15 , pp. 1509-1517
    • Cypess, A.M.1    Lehman, S.2    Williams, G.3
  • 139
    • 34547631960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans
    • Nedergaard J, Bengtsson T, Cannon B. Unexpected evidence for active brown adipose tissue in adult humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293(2):E444-52
    • (2007) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.293 , Issue.2 , pp. E444-E452
    • Nedergaard, J.1    Bengtsson, T.2    Cannon, B.3
  • 140
    • 64349123664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults
    • Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J, et al. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(15):1518-25
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.15 , pp. 1518-1525
    • Virtanen, K.A.1    Lidell, M.E.2    Orava, J.3
  • 141
    • 0344738018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conversion from white to brown adipocytes: A strategy for the control of fat mass?
    • Tiraby C, Langin D. Conversion from white to brown adipocytes: a strategy for the control of fat mass? Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2003;14(10):439-41
    • (2003) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 439-441
    • Tiraby, C.1    Langin, D.2
  • 142
    • 70449448312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy regulates adipose mass and differentiation in mice
    • Singh R, Xiang Y, Wang Y, et al. Autophagy regulates adipose mass and differentiation in mice. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(11):3329-39
    • (2009) J Clin Invest , vol.119 , Issue.11 , pp. 3329-3339
    • Singh, R.1    Xiang, Y.2    Wang, Y.3
  • 143
    • 84864287504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human
    • Wu J, Bostrom P, Sparks LM, et al. Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of thermogenic fat cell in mouse and human. Cell. 2012;150(2):366-76
    • (2012) Cell , vol.150 , Issue.2 , pp. 366-376
    • Wu, J.1    Bostrom, P.2    Sparks, L.M.3
  • 144
    • 77950226740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation of epididymally derived white adipocyte cultures reveals a population of thermogenically competent, UCP1-containing adipocytes molecularly distinct from classic brown adipocytes
    • Petrovic N, Walden TB, Shabalina IG, Timmons JA, Cannon B, Nedergaard J. Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation of epididymally derived white adipocyte cultures reveals a population of thermogenically competent, UCP1-containing adipocytes molecularly distinct from classic brown adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 2010;285(10):7153-64
    • (2010) J Biol Chem , vol.285 , Issue.10 , pp. 7153-7164
    • Petrovic, N.1    Walden, T.B.2    Shabalina, I.G.3    Timmons, J.A.4    Cannon, B.5    Nedergaard, J.6
  • 145
    • 73949124173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose-specific deletion of autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7) in mice reveals a role in adipogenesis
    • Zhang Y, Goldman S, Baerga R, Zhao Y, Komatsu M, Jin S. Adipose-specific deletion of autophagy-related gene 7 (atg7) in mice reveals a role in adipogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009;106(47):19860-5
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.106 , Issue.47 , pp. 19860-19865
    • Zhang, Y.1    Goldman, S.2    Baerga, R.3    Zhao, Y.4    Komatsu, M.5    Jin, S.6
  • 146
    • 35348874911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental origin of fat: Tracking obesity to its source
    • Gesta S, Tseng YH, Kahn CR. Developmental origin of fat: tracking obesity to its source. Cell. 2007;131(2):242-56
    • (2007) Cell , vol.131 , Issue.2 , pp. 242-256
    • Gesta, S.1    Tseng, Y.H.2    Kahn, C.R.3
  • 147
    • 33748942837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional control of adipocyte formation
    • Farmer SR. Transcriptional control of adipocyte formation. Cell Metab. 2006;4(4):263-73
    • (2006) Cell Metab , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-273
    • Farmer, S.R.1
  • 149
    • 0037304599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial biogenesis and remodeling during adipogenesis and in response to the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone
    • Wilson-Fritch L, Burkart A, Bell G, et al. Mitochondrial biogenesis and remodeling during adipogenesis and in response to the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone. Mol Cell Biol. 2003;23(3):1085-94
    • (2003) Mol Cell Biol , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 1085-1094
    • Wilson-Fritch, L.1    Burkart, A.2    Bell, G.3
  • 150
    • 75149123563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and adipogenesis: Implications in obesity and type II diabetes
    • Goldman S, Zhang Y, Jin S. Autophagy and adipogenesis: implications in obesity and type II diabetes. Autophagy. 2010;6(1):179-81
    • (2010) Autophagy , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 179-181
    • Goldman, S.1    Zhang, Y.2    Jin, S.3
  • 151
    • 0036317748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased fatty acid reesterification by PEPCK overexpression in adipose tissue leads to obesity without insulin resistance
    • Franckhauser S, Munoz S, Pujol A, et al. Increased fatty acid reesterification by PEPCK overexpression in adipose tissue leads to obesity without insulin resistance. Diabetes. 2002;51(3):624-30
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 624-630
    • Franckhauser, S.1    Munoz, S.2    Pujol, A.3
  • 152
    • 79954583401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagic degradation of mitochondria in white adipose tissue differentiation
    • Goldman SJ, Zhang Y, Jin S. Autophagic degradation of mitochondria in white adipose tissue differentiation. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2011;14(10):1971-8
    • (2011) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.14 , Issue.10 , pp. 1971-1978
    • Goldman, S.J.1    Zhang, Y.2    Jin, S.3
  • 153
    • 73449117508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted deletion of autophagy-related 5 (Atg5) impairs adipogenesis in a cellular model and in mice
    • Baerga R, Zhang Y, Chen PH, Goldman S, Jin S. Targeted deletion of autophagy-related 5 (atg5) impairs adipogenesis in a cellular model and in mice. Autophagy. 2009;5(8):1118-30
    • (2009) Autophagy , vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp. 1118-1130
    • Baerga, R.1    Zhang, Y.2    Chen, P.H.3    Goldman, S.4    Jin, S.5
  • 154
    • 84908654487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy inhibition in early but not in later stages prevents 3T3-L1 differentiation: Effect on mitochondrial remodeling
    • Skop V, Cahova M, Dankova H, et al. Autophagy inhibition in early but not in later stages prevents 3T3-L1 differentiation: Effect on mitochondrial remodeling. Differentiation. 2014;87(5):220-9
    • (2014) Differentiation , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 220-229
    • Skop, V.1    Cahova, M.2    Dankova, H.3
  • 155
    • 84890812887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct functions of Ulk1 and Ulk2 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipocytes
    • Ro SH, Jung CH, Hahn WS, et al. Distinct functions of Ulk1 and Ulk2 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipocytes. Autophagy. 2013;9(12):2103-14
    • (2013) Autophagy , vol.9 , Issue.12 , pp. 2103-2114
    • Ro, S.H.1    Jung, C.H.2    Hahn, W.S.3
  • 156
    • 54849431380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose-specific knockout of raptor results in lean mice with enhanced mitochondrial respiration
    • Polak P, Cybulski N, Feige JN, Auwerx J, Ruegg MA, Hall MN. Adipose-specific knockout of raptor results in lean mice with enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Cell Metab. 2008;8(5):399-410
    • (2008) Cell Metab , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 399-410
    • Polak, P.1    Cybulski, N.2    Feige, J.N.3    Auwerx, J.4    Ruegg, M.A.5    Hall, M.N.6
  • 157
    • 0034181368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin inhibits human adipocyte differentiation in primary culture
    • Bell A, Grunder L, Sorisky A. Rapamycin inhibits human adipocyte differentiation in primary culture. Obes Res. 2000;8(3):249-54
    • (2000) Obes Res , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-254
    • Bell, A.1    Grunder, L.2    Sorisky, A.3
  • 158
    • 0028885873 scopus 로고
    • Rapamycin inhibits clonal expansion and adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells
    • Yeh WC, Bierer BE, McKnight SL. Rapamycin inhibits clonal expansion and adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995;92(24):11086-90
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , Issue.24 , pp. 11086-11090
    • Yeh, W.C.1    Bierer, B.E.2    McKnight, S.L.3
  • 159
    • 77954251401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attenuated mTOR signaling and enhanced autophagy in adipocytes from obese patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Ost A, Svensson K, Ruishalme I, et al. Attenuated mTOR signaling and enhanced autophagy in adipocytes from obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Med. 2010;16(7-8):235-46
    • (2010) Mol Med , vol.16 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 235-246
    • Ost, A.1    Svensson, K.2    Ruishalme, I.3
  • 160
    • 79951690345 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered autophagy in human adipose tissues in obesity
    • Kovsan J, Bluher M, Tarnovscki T, et al. Altered autophagy in human adipose tissues in obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(2):E268-77
    • (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.96 , Issue.2 , pp. E268-E277
    • Kovsan, J.1    Bluher, M.2    Tarnovscki, T.3
  • 161
    • 34447257725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
    • Wasko MC, Hubert HB, Lingala VB, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and risk of diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA. 2007;298(2):187-93
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-193
    • Wasko, M.C.1    Hubert, H.B.2    Lingala, V.B.3
  • 162
    • 18644376240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion and beta-cell mass
    • Ahren B. Type 2 diabetes, insulin secretion and beta-cell mass. Curr Mol Med. 2005;5(3):275-86
    • (2005) Curr Mol Med , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-286
    • Ahren, B.1
  • 163
    • 67349150186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in human type 2 diabetes pancreatic beta cells
    • Masini M, Bugliani M, Lupi R, et al. Autophagy in human type 2 diabetes pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia. 2009;52(6):1083-6
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , Issue.6 , pp. 1083-1086
    • Masini, M.1    Bugliani, M.2    Lupi, R.3
  • 164
    • 70350343033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy regulates pancreatic beta cell death in response to Pdx1 deficiency and nutrient deprivation
    • Fujimoto K, Hanson PT, Tran H, et al. Autophagy regulates pancreatic beta cell death in response to Pdx1 deficiency and nutrient deprivation. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(40):27664-73
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , Issue.40 , pp. 27664-27673
    • Fujimoto, K.1    Hanson, P.T.2    Tran, H.3
  • 165
    • 52749093177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is important in islet homeostasis and compensatory increase of beta cell mass in response to high-fat diet
    • Ebato C, Uchida T, Arakawa M, et al. Autophagy is important in islet homeostasis and compensatory increase of beta cell mass in response to high-fat diet. Cell Metab. 2008;8(4):325-32
    • (2008) Cell Metab , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 325-332
    • Ebato, C.1    Uchida, T.2    Arakawa, M.3
  • 166
    • 52749094770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of autophagy diminishes pancreatic beta cell mass and function with resultant hyperglycemia
    • Jung HS, Chung KW, Won Kim J, et al. Loss of autophagy diminishes pancreatic beta cell mass and function with resultant hyperglycemia. Cell Metab. 2008;8(4):318-24
    • (2008) Cell Metab , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 318-324
    • Jung, H.S.1    Chung, K.W.2    Won Kim, J.3
  • 167
    • 84856764175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy deficiency in beta cells leads to compromised unfolded protein response and progression from obesity to diabetes in mice
    • Quan W, Hur KY, Lim Y, et al. Autophagy deficiency in beta cells leads to compromised unfolded protein response and progression from obesity to diabetes in mice. Diabetologia. 2012;55(2):392-403
    • (2012) Diabetologia , vol.55 , Issue.2 , pp. 392-403
    • Quan, W.1    Hur, K.Y.2    Lim, Y.3
  • 168
    • 84906672871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pancreatic beta-cell failure mediated by mTORC1 hyperactivity and autophagic impairment
    • Bartolomé A, Kimura-Koyanagi M, Asahara S, et al. Pancreatic beta-cell failure mediated by mTORC1 hyperactivity and autophagic impairment. Diabetes. 2014;63(9):2996-3008
    • (2014) Diabetes , vol.63 , Issue.9 , pp. 2996-3008
    • Bartolomé, A.1    Kimura-Koyanagi, M.2    Asahara, S.3
  • 169
    • 4544220704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of S6K1 protects against ageand diet-induced obesity while enhancing insulin sensitivity
    • Um SH, Frigerio F, Watanabe M, et al. Absence of S6K1 protects against ageand diet-induced obesity while enhancing insulin sensitivity. Nature. 2004;431(7005):200-5
    • (2004) Nature , vol.431 , Issue.7005 , pp. 200-205
    • Um, S.H.1    Frigerio, F.2    Watanabe, M.3
  • 170
    • 42349086872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biphasic response of pancreatic beta-cell mass to ablation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 in mice
    • Shigeyama Y, Kobayashi T, Kido Y, et al. Biphasic response of pancreatic beta-cell mass to ablation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 in mice. Mol Cell Biol. 2008;28(9):2971-9
    • (2008) Mol Cell Biol , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 2971-2979
    • Shigeyama, Y.1    Kobayashi, T.2    Kido, Y.3
  • 171
    • 58149463600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective role of autophagy in palmitate-induced INS-1 beta-cell death
    • Choi SE, Lee SM, Lee YJ, et al. Protective role of autophagy in palmitate-induced INS-1 beta-cell death. Endocrinology. 2009;150(1):126-34
    • (2009) Endocrinology , vol.150 , Issue.1 , pp. 126-134
    • Choi, S.E.1    Lee, S.M.2    Lee, Y.J.3
  • 172
    • 77958484950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acids stimulate autophagy in pancreatic beta-cells via JNK pathway
    • Komiya K, Uchida T, Ueno T, et al. Free fatty acids stimulate autophagy in pancreatic beta-cells via JNK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;401(4):561-7
    • (2010) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.401 , Issue.4 , pp. 561-567
    • Komiya, K.1    Uchida, T.2    Ueno, T.3
  • 173
    • 84860478719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Palmitate activates autophagy in INS-1E beta-cells and in isolated rat and human pancreatic islets
    • Martino L, Masini M, Novelli M, et al. Palmitate activates autophagy in INS-1E beta-cells and in isolated rat and human pancreatic islets. PLoS One. 2012;7(5):e36188
    • (2012) Plos One , vol.7 , Issue.5
    • Martino, L.1    Masini, M.2    Novelli, M.3
  • 176
    • 77449154126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular and metabolic evidence for mitochondrial defects associated with beta-cell dysfunction in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes
    • Lu H, Koshkin V, Allister EM, Gyulkhandanyan AV, Wheeler MB. Molecular and metabolic evidence for mitochondrial defects associated with beta-cell dysfunction in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2010;59(2):448-59
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 448-459
    • Lu, H.1    Koshkin, V.2    Allister, E.M.3    Gyulkhandanyan, A.V.4    Wheeler, M.B.5
  • 177
    • 84903196141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diabetes susceptibility gene Clec16a regulates mitophagy
    • Soleimanpour SA, Gupta A, Bakay M, et al. The diabetes susceptibility gene Clec16a regulates mitophagy. Cell. 2014;157(7):1577-90
    • (2014) Cell , vol.157 , Issue.7 , pp. 1577-1590
    • Soleimanpour, S.A.1    Gupta, A.2    Bakay, M.3
  • 178
    • 0037125997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for glutathione peroxidase in protecting pancreatic beta cells against oxidative stress in a model of glucose toxicity
    • Tanaka Y, Tran PO, Harmon J, Robertson RP. A role for glutathione peroxidase in protecting pancreatic beta cells against oxidative stress in a model of glucose toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002;99(19):12363-8
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.99 , Issue.19 , pp. 12363-12368
    • Tanaka, Y.1    Tran, P.O.2    Harmon, J.3    Robertson, R.P.4
  • 179
    • 36649027086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acidinduced reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: Evidence for a role of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo
    • Oprescu AI, Bikopoulos G, Naassan A, et al. Free fatty acidinduced reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion: evidence for a role of oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Diabetes. 2007;56(12):2927-37
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , Issue.12 , pp. 2927-2937
    • Oprescu, A.I.1    Bikopoulos, G.2    Naassan, A.3
  • 180
    • 69949132408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient oxidative stress damages mitochondrial machinery inducing persistent beta-cell dysfunction
    • Li N, Brun T, Cnop M, Cunha DA, Eizirik DL, Maechler P. Transient oxidative stress damages mitochondrial machinery inducing persistent beta-cell dysfunction. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(35):23602-12
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , Issue.35 , pp. 23602-23612
    • Li, N.1    Brun, T.2    Cnop, M.3    Cunha, D.A.4    Eizirik, D.L.5    Maechler, P.6
  • 181
    • 0346340042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling protein 2 causes pancreatic beta cell dysfunction
    • Krauss S, Zhang CY, Scorrano L, et al. Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling protein 2 causes pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. J Clin Invest. 2003;112(12):1831-42
    • (2003) J Clin Invest , vol.112 , Issue.12 , pp. 1831-1842
    • Krauss, S.1    Zhang, C.Y.2    Scorrano, L.3
  • 182
    • 10944265062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acid-induced beta-cell defects are dependent on uncoupling protein 2 expression
    • Joseph JW, Koshkin V, Saleh MC, et al. Free fatty acid-induced beta-cell defects are dependent on uncoupling protein 2 expression. J Biol Chem. 2004;279(49):51049-56
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , Issue.49 , pp. 51049-51056
    • Joseph, J.W.1    Koshkin, V.2    Saleh, M.C.3
  • 183
    • 15744379018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidative stress-mediated, post-translational loss of MafA protein as a contributing mechanism to loss of insulin gene expression in glucotoxic beta cells
    • Harmon JS, Stein R, Robertson RP. Oxidative stress-mediated, post-translational loss of MafA protein as a contributing mechanism to loss of insulin gene expression in glucotoxic beta cells. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(12):11107-13
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , Issue.12 , pp. 11107-11113
    • Harmon, J.S.1    Stein, R.2    Robertson, R.P.3
  • 184
    • 84896824550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of p53 preserves Parkin-mediated mitophagy and pancreatic beta-cell function in diabetes
    • Hoshino A, Ariyoshi M, Okawa Y, et al. Inhibition of p53 preserves Parkin-mediated mitophagy and pancreatic beta-cell function in diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(8):3116-21
    • (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.111 , Issue.8 , pp. 3116-3121
    • Hoshino, A.1    Ariyoshi, M.2    Okawa, Y.3
  • 185
    • 84904767484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipotoxic endoplasmic reticulum stress, beta cell failure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Biden TJ, Boslem E, Chu KY, Sue N. Lipotoxic endoplasmic reticulum stress, beta cell failure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014;25(8):389-98
    • (2014) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 389-398
    • Biden, T.J.1    Boslem, E.2    Chu, K.Y.3    Sue, N.4
  • 186
    • 78751490442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-cell dysfunctional ERAD/ubiquitin/proteasome system in type 2 diabetes mediated by islet amyloid polypeptide-induced UCH-L1 deficiency
    • Costes S, Huang CJ, Gurlo T, et al. beta-cell dysfunctional ERAD/ubiquitin/proteasome system in type 2 diabetes mediated by islet amyloid polypeptide-induced UCH-L1 deficiency. Diabetes. 2011;60(1):227-38
    • (2011) Diabetes , vol.60 , Issue.1 , pp. 227-238
    • Costes, S.1    Huang, C.J.2    Gurlo, T.3
  • 187
    • 33749579383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers autophagy
    • Yorimitsu T, Nair U, Yang Z, Klionsky DJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers autophagy. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(40):30299-304
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , Issue.40 , pp. 30299-30304
    • Yorimitsu, T.1    Nair, U.2    Yang, Z.3    Klionsky, D.J.4
  • 188
    • 33845459165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is activated for cell survival after endoplasmic reticulum stress
    • Ogata M, Hino S, Saito A, et al. Autophagy is activated for cell survival after endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biol. 2006;26(24):9220-31
    • (2006) Mol Cell Biol , vol.26 , Issue.24 , pp. 9220-9231
    • Ogata, M.1    Hino, S.2    Saito, A.3
  • 189
    • 33846211417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ER stress (PERK/eIF2alpha phosphorylation) mediates the polyglutamine-induced LC3 conversion, an essential step for autophagy formation
    • Kouroku Y, Fujita E, Tanida I, et al. ER stress (PERK/eIF2alpha phosphorylation) mediates the polyglutamine-induced LC3 conversion, an essential step for autophagy formation. Cell Death Differ. 2007;14(2):230-9
    • (2007) Cell Death Differ , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 230-239
    • Kouroku, Y.1    Fujita, E.2    Tanida, I.3
  • 190
    • 34247113888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two endoplasmic reticulumassociated degradation (ERAD) systems for the novel variant of the mutant dysferlin: Ubiquitin/proteasome ERAD(I) and autophagy/lysosome ERAD(II)
    • Fujita E, Kouroku Y, Isoai A, et al. Two endoplasmic reticulumassociated degradation (ERAD) systems for the novel variant of the mutant dysferlin: ubiquitin/proteasome ERAD(I) and autophagy/lysosome ERAD(II). Hum Mol Genet. 2007;16(6):618-29
    • (2007) Hum Mol Genet , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 618-629
    • Fujita, E.1    Kouroku, Y.2    Isoai, A.3
  • 191
    • 33645216184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular inclusions containing mutant alpha1-antitrypsin Z are propagated in the absence of autophagic activity
    • Kamimoto T, Shoji S, Hidvegi T, et al. Intracellular inclusions containing mutant alpha1-antitrypsin Z are propagated in the absence of autophagic activity. J Biol Chem. 2006;281(7):4467-76
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , Issue.7 , pp. 4467-4476
    • Kamimoto, T.1    Shoji, S.2    Hidvegi, T.3
  • 192
    • 66349112572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagic elimination of misfolded procollagen aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum as a means of cell protection
    • Ishida Y, Yamamoto A, Kitamura A, et al. Autophagic elimination of misfolded procollagen aggregates in the endoplasmic reticulum as a means of cell protection. Mol Biol Cell. 2009;20(11):2744-54
    • (2009) Mol Biol Cell , vol.20 , Issue.11 , pp. 2744-2754
    • Ishida, Y.1    Yamamoto, A.2    Kitamura, A.3
  • 193
    • 84897986050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality control autophagy degrades soluble ERAD-resistant conformers of the misfolded membrane protein GnRHR
    • Houck SA, Ren HY, Madden VJ, et al. Quality control autophagy degrades soluble ERAD-resistant conformers of the misfolded membrane protein GnRHR. Mol Cell. 2014;54(1):166-79
    • (2014) Mol Cell , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 166-179
    • Houck, S.A.1    Ren, H.Y.2    Madden, V.J.3
  • 194
    • 0039829851 scopus 로고
    • Glucose stimulates proinsulin biosynthesis by a dose-dependent recruitment of pancreatic beta cells
    • Schuit FC, In’t Veld PA, Pipeleers DG. Glucose stimulates proinsulin biosynthesis by a dose-dependent recruitment of pancreatic beta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988;85(11):3865-9
    • (1988) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.85 , Issue.11 , pp. 3865-3869
    • Schuit, F.C.1    In’T Veld, P.A.2    Pipeleers, D.G.3
  • 195
    • 84908348924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of ERp57/GRP58 is protective against pancreatic beta cell death caused by autophagic failure
    • Yamamoto E, Uchida T, Abe H, et al. Increased expression of ERp57/GRP58 is protective against pancreatic beta cell death caused by autophagic failure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2014;453(1):19-24
    • (2014) Biochem Biophys Res Commun , vol.453 , Issue.1 , pp. 19-24
    • Yamamoto, E.1    Uchida, T.2    Abe, H.3
  • 196
    • 5644231992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes
    • Ozcan U, Cao Q, Yilmaz E, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress links obesity, insulin action, and type 2 diabetes. Science. 2004;306(5695):457-61
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , Issue.5695 , pp. 457-461
    • Ozcan, U.1    Cao, Q.2    Yilmaz, E.3
  • 197
    • 33847677975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to beta cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes
    • Laybutt DR, Preston AM, Akerfeldt MC, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributes to beta cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2007;50(4):752-63
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 752-763
    • Laybutt, D.R.1    Preston, A.M.2    Akerfeldt, M.C.3
  • 198
    • 34547638958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High expression rates of human islet amyloid polypeptide induce endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated beta-cell apoptosis, a characteristic of humans with type 2 but not type 1 diabetes
    • Huang CJ, Lin CY, Haataja L, et al. High expression rates of human islet amyloid polypeptide induce endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated beta-cell apoptosis, a characteristic of humans with type 2 but not type 1 diabetes. Diabetes. 2007;56(8):2016-27
    • (2007) Diabetes , vol.56 , Issue.8 , pp. 2016-2027
    • Huang, C.J.1    Lin, C.Y.2    Haataja, L.3
  • 199
    • 35848963392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endoplasmic reticulum in pancreatic beta cells of type 2 diabetes patients
    • Marchetti P, Bugliani M, Lupi R, et al. The endoplasmic reticulum in pancreatic beta cells of type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetologia. 2007;50(12):2486-94
    • (2007) Diabetologia , vol.50 , Issue.12 , pp. 2486-2494
    • Marchetti, P.1    Bugliani, M.2    Lupi, R.3
  • 200
    • 49649084031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation and execution of lipotoxic ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells
    • Cunha DA, Hekerman P, Ladrière L, et al. Initiation and execution of lipotoxic ER stress in pancreatic beta-cells. J Cell Sci. 2008;121(Pt 14):2308-18
    • (2008) J Cell Sci , vol.121 , pp. 2308-2318
    • Cunha, D.A.1    Hekerman, P.2    Ladrière, L.3
  • 201
    • 79952836464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A lipidomic screen of palmitate-treated MIN6 beta-cells links sphingolipid metabolites with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and impaired protein trafficking
    • Boslem E, MacIntosh G, Preston AM, et al. A lipidomic screen of palmitate-treated MIN6 beta-cells links sphingolipid metabolites with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and impaired protein trafficking. Biochem J. 2011;435(1):267-76
    • (2011) Biochem J , vol.435 , Issue.1 , pp. 267-276
    • Boslem, E.1    Macintosh, G.2    Preston, A.M.3
  • 202
    • 84884182501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alteration of endoplasmic reticulum lipid rafts contributes to lipotoxicity in pancreatic betacells
    • Boslem E, Weir JM, MacIntosh G, et al. Alteration of endoplasmic reticulum lipid rafts contributes to lipotoxicity in pancreatic betacells. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(37):26569-82
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , Issue.37 , pp. 26569-26582
    • Boslem, E.1    Weir, J.M.2    Macintosh, G.3
  • 203
    • 70349871409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi protein trafficking contributes to ER stress in lipotoxic mouse beta cells by promoting protein overload
    • Preston AM, Gurisik E, Bartley C, Laybutt DR, Biden TJ. Reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi protein trafficking contributes to ER stress in lipotoxic mouse beta cells by promoting protein overload. Diabetologia. 2009;52(11):2369-73
    • (2009) Diabetologia , vol.52 , Issue.11 , pp. 2369-2373
    • Preston, A.M.1    Gurisik, E.2    Bartley, C.3    Laybutt, D.R.4    Biden, T.J.5
  • 204
    • 19944432792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokines downregulate the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum pump Ca2+ ATPase 2b and deplete endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, leading to induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic beta-cells
    • Cardozo AK, Ortis F, Storling J, et al. Cytokines downregulate the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum pump Ca2+ ATPase 2b and deplete endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+, leading to induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes. 2005;54(2):452-61
    • (2005) Diabetes , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 452-461
    • Cardozo, A.K.1    Ortis, F.2    Storling, J.3
  • 205
    • 79957689114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ER stress is implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells
    • Lee JW, Kim WH, Yeo J, Jung MH. ER stress is implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction-induced apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells. Mol Cells. 2010;30(6):545-9
    • (2010) Mol Cells , vol.30 , Issue.6 , pp. 545-549
    • Lee, J.W.1    Kim, W.H.2    Yeo, J.3    Jung, M.H.4
  • 206
    • 43549100675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes, and the toxic oligomer hypothesis
    • Haataja L, Gurlo T, Huang CJ, Butler PC. Islet amyloid in type 2 diabetes, and the toxic oligomer hypothesis. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(3):303-16
    • (2008) Endocr Rev , vol.29 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-316
    • Haataja, L.1    Gurlo, T.2    Huang, C.J.3    Butler, P.C.4
  • 207
    • 0023222388 scopus 로고
    • Islet amyloid in type 2 human diabetes mellitus and adult diabetic cats contains a novel putative polypeptide hormone
    • Westermark P, Wernstedt C, O’Brien TD, Hayden DW, Johnson KH. Islet amyloid in type 2 human diabetes mellitus and adult diabetic cats contains a novel putative polypeptide hormone. Am J Pathol. 1987;127(3):414-7
    • (1987) Am J Pathol , vol.127 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-417
    • Westermark, P.1    Wernstedt, C.2    O’Brien, T.D.3    Hayden, D.W.4    Johnson, K.H.5
  • 208
    • 76149102617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for proteotoxicity in beta cells in type 2 diabetes: Toxic islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers form intracellularly in the secretory pathway
    • Gurlo T, Ryazantsev S, Huang CJ, et al. Evidence for proteotoxicity in beta cells in type 2 diabetes: toxic islet amyloid polypeptide oligomers form intracellularly in the secretory pathway. Am J Pathol. 2010;176(2):861-9
    • (2010) Am J Pathol , vol.176 , Issue.2 , pp. 861-869
    • Gurlo, T.1    Ryazantsev, S.2    Huang, C.J.3
  • 209
    • 84905492806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloidogenic peptide oligomer accumulation in autophagy-deficient beta cells induces diabetes
    • Kim J, Cheon H, Jeong YT, et al. Amyloidogenic peptide oligomer accumulation in autophagy-deficient beta cells induces diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(8):3311-24
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , Issue.8 , pp. 3311-3324
    • Kim, J.1    Cheon, H.2    Jeong, Y.T.3
  • 210
    • 84905460026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy defends pancreatic beta cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced toxicity
    • Rivera JF, Costes S, Gurlo T, Glabe CG, Butler PC. Autophagy defends pancreatic beta cells from human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced toxicity. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(8):3489-500
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , Issue.8 , pp. 3489-3500
    • Rivera, J.F.1    Costes, S.2    Gurlo, T.3    Glabe, C.G.4    Butler, P.C.5
  • 211
    • 84905460021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human IAPP-induced pancreatic beta cell toxicity and its regulation by autophagy
    • Shigihara N, Fukunaka A, Hara A, et al. Human IAPP-induced pancreatic beta cell toxicity and its regulation by autophagy. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(8):3634-44
    • (2014) J Clin Invest , vol.124 , Issue.8 , pp. 3634-3644
    • Shigihara, N.1    Fukunaka, A.2    Hara, A.3
  • 212
    • 0033048453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of islet amyloid polypeptide toxicity is membrane disruption by intermediate-sized toxic amyloid particles
    • Janson J, Ashley RH, Harrison D, McIntyre S, Butler PC. The mechanism of islet amyloid polypeptide toxicity is membrane disruption by intermediate-sized toxic amyloid particles. Diabetes. 1999;48(3):491-8
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , Issue.3 , pp. 491-498
    • Janson, J.1    Ashley, R.H.2    Harrison, D.3    McIntyre, S.4    Butler, P.C.5
  • 213
    • 34548368589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulated autophagy controls hormone content in secretory-deficient pancreatic endocrine betacells
    • Marsh BJ, Soden C, Alarcón C, et al. Regulated autophagy controls hormone content in secretory-deficient pancreatic endocrine betacells. Mol Endocrinol. 2007;21(9):2255-69
    • (2007) Mol Endocrinol , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 2255-2269
    • Marsh, B.J.1    Soden, C.2    Alarcón, C.3
  • 214
    • 84870873590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy plays a protective role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pancreatic beta cell death
    • Bartolomé A, Guillén C, Benito M. Autophagy plays a protective role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated pancreatic beta cell death. Autophagy. 2012;8(12):1757-68
    • (2012) Autophagy , vol.8 , Issue.12 , pp. 1757-1768
    • Bartolomé, A.1    Guillén, C.2    Benito, M.3
  • 215
    • 84875416620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of autophagy improves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced diabetes
    • Bachar-Wikstrom E, Wikstrom JD, Ariav Y, et al. Stimulation of autophagy improves endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced diabetes. Diabetes. 2013;62(4):1227-37
    • (2013) Diabetes , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 1227-1237
    • Bachar-Wikstrom, E.1    Wikstrom, J.D.2    Ariav, Y.3
  • 216
    • 75149194772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes: From molecular mechanisms to functional significance and therapeutic opportunities
    • Sivitz WI, Yorek MA. Mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetes: from molecular mechanisms to functional significance and therapeutic opportunities. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2010;12(4):537-77
    • (2010) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 537-577
    • Sivitz, W.I.1    Yorek, M.A.2
  • 217
    • 84864282827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell oxidant stress delivery and cell dysfunction onset in type 2 diabetes
    • Kassab A, Piwowar A. Cell oxidant stress delivery and cell dysfunction onset in type 2 diabetes. Biochimie. 2012;94(9):1837-48
    • (2012) Biochimie , vol.94 , Issue.9 , pp. 1837-1848
    • Kassab, A.1    Piwowar, A.2
  • 218
    • 78650848689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus
    • Gonzalez CD, Lee MS, Marchetti P, et al. The emerging role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Autophagy. 2011;7(1):2-11
    • (2011) Autophagy , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 2-11
    • Gonzalez, C.D.1    Lee, M.S.2    Marchetti, P.3
  • 219
    • 71449091240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic autophagy is suppressed in the presence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: Inhibition of FoxO1-dependent expression of key autophagy genes by insulin
    • Liu HY, Han J, Cao SY, et al. Hepatic autophagy is suppressed in the presence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: inhibition of FoxO1-dependent expression of key autophagy genes by insulin. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(45):31484-92
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , Issue.45 , pp. 31484-31492
    • Liu, H.Y.1    Han, J.2    Cao, S.Y.3
  • 220
    • 34547624687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A human scFv antibody against TRAIL receptor 2 induces autophagic cell death in both TRAILsensitive and TRAIL-resistant cancer cells
    • Park KJ, Lee SH, Kim TI, et al. A human scFv antibody against TRAIL receptor 2 induces autophagic cell death in both TRAILsensitive and TRAIL-resistant cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2007;67(15):7327-34
    • (2007) Cancer Res , vol.67 , Issue.15 , pp. 7327-7334
    • Park, K.J.1    Lee, S.H.2    Kim, T.I.3
  • 221
    • 33645276928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projecting the number of patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States to the year 2015
    • Gilbertson DT, Liu J, Xue JL, et al. Projecting the number of patients with end-stage renal disease in the United States to the year 2015. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005;16(12):3736-41
    • (2005) J am Soc Nephrol , vol.16 , Issue.12 , pp. 3736-3741
    • Gilbertson, D.T.1    Liu, J.2    Xue, J.L.3
  • 222
    • 79959487586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal trends in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in the United States
    • de Boer IH, Rue TC, Hall YN, Heagerty PJ, Weiss NS, Himmelfarb J. Temporal trends in the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease in the United States. JAMA. 2011;305(24):2532-9
    • (2011) JAMA , vol.305 , Issue.24 , pp. 2532-2539
    • De Boer, I.H.1    Rue, T.C.2    Hall, Y.N.3    Heagerty, P.J.4    Weiss, N.S.5    Himmelfarb, J.6
  • 223
    • 79959936188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: Systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2.7 million participants
    • Danaei G, Finucane MM, Lu Y, et al. National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2.7 million participants. Lancet. 2011;378(9785):31-40
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , Issue.9785 , pp. 31-40
    • Danaei, G.1    Finucane, M.M.2    Lu, Y.3
  • 225
    • 0022559183 scopus 로고
    • ATP and the regulation of renal cell function
    • Soltoff SP. ATP and the regulation of renal cell function. Annu Rev Physiol. 1986;48:9-31
    • (1986) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.48 , pp. 9-31
    • Soltoff, S.P.1
  • 226
    • 77649119983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disparate effects on renal and oxidative parameters following RAGE deletion, AGE accumulation inhibition, or dietary AGE control in experimental diabetic nephropathy
    • Tan AL, Sourris KC, Harcourt BE, et al. Disparate effects on renal and oxidative parameters following RAGE deletion, AGE accumulation inhibition, or dietary AGE control in experimental diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010;298(3):F763-70
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Renal Physiol , vol.298 , Issue.3 , pp. F763-F770
    • Tan, A.L.1    Sourris, K.C.2    Harcourt, B.E.3
  • 227
    • 84866142024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging role of autophagy in kidney function, diseases and aging
    • Huber TB, Edelstein CL, Hartleben B, et al. Emerging role of autophagy in kidney function, diseases and aging. Autophagy. 2012;8(7):1009-31
    • (2012) Autophagy , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 1009-1031
    • Huber, T.B.1    Edelstein, C.L.2    Hartleben, B.3
  • 228
    • 84855996286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy guards against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury
    • Takahashi A, Kimura T, Takabatake Y, et al. Autophagy guards against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Am J Pathol. 2012;180(2):517-25
    • (2012) Am J Pathol , vol.180 , Issue.2 , pp. 517-525
    • Takahashi, A.1    Kimura, T.2    Takabatake, Y.3
  • 229
    • 79955626606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy protects the proximal tubule from degeneration and acute ischemic injury
    • Kimura T, Takabatake Y, Takahashi A, et al. Autophagy protects the proximal tubule from degeneration and acute ischemic injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(5):902-13
    • (2011) J am Soc Nephrol , vol.22 , Issue.5 , pp. 902-913
    • Kimura, T.1    Takabatake, Y.2    Takahashi, A.3
  • 230
    • 84880420913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracts of Koelreuteria henryi Dummer induce apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, thus enhancing anticancer effects
    • Chiang YY, Wang SL, Yang CL, et al. Extracts of Koelreuteria henryi Dummer induce apoptosis and autophagy by inhibiting dihydrodiol dehydrogenase, thus enhancing anticancer effects. Int J Mol Med. 2013;32(3):577-84
    • (2013) Int J Mol Med , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 577-584
    • Chiang, Y.Y.1    Wang, S.L.2    Yang, C.L.3
  • 231
    • 84860222537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of physiologic actions of LRRK2: Focus on autophagy
    • Ferree A, Guillily M, Li H, et al. Regulation of physiologic actions of LRRK2: focus on autophagy. Neurodegener Dis. 2012;10(1-4):238-41
    • (2012) Neurodegener Dis , vol.10 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 238-241
    • Ferree, A.1    Guillily, M.2    Li, H.3
  • 232
    • 80053128750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insights into insulin resistance in the diabetic heart
    • Gray S, Kim JK. New insights into insulin resistance in the diabetic heart. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2011;22(10):394-403
    • (2011) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 394-403
    • Gray, S.1    Kim, J.K.2
  • 233
    • 84886251068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An overview of the crosstalk between inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation during diabetic cardiomyopathy
    • Palomer X, Salvado L, Barroso E, Vazquez-Carrera M. An overview of the crosstalk between inflammatory processes and metabolic dysregulation during diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168(4):3160-72
    • (2013) Int J Cardiol , vol.168 , Issue.4 , pp. 3160-3172
    • Palomer, X.1    Salvado, L.2    Barroso, E.3    Vazquez-Carrera, M.4
  • 234
    • 34347352169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic cardiomyopathy revisited
    • Boudina S, Abel ED. Diabetic cardiomyopathy revisited. Circulation. 2007;115(25):3213-23
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.115 , Issue.25 , pp. 3213-3223
    • Boudina, S.1    Abel, E.D.2
  • 235
    • 84906070274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial contractile dysfunction is associated with impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics in type 2 diabetic but not in obese patients
    • Montaigne D, Marechal X, Coisne A, et al. Myocardial contractile dysfunction is associated with impaired mitochondrial function and dynamics in type 2 diabetic but not in obese patients. Circulation. 2014;130(7):554-64
    • (2014) Circulation , vol.130 , Issue.7 , pp. 554-564
    • Montaigne, D.1    Marechal, X.2    Coisne, A.3
  • 236
    • 84883795643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Damage to left anterior temporal cortex predicts impairment of complex syntactic processing: A lesion-symptom mapping study
    • Magnusdottir S, Fillmore P, den Ouden DB, et al. Damage to left anterior temporal cortex predicts impairment of complex syntactic processing: a lesion-symptom mapping study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2013;34(10):2715-23
    • (2013) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 2715-2723
    • Magnusdottir, S.1    Fillmore, P.2    Den Ouden, D.B.3
  • 237
    • 84872981312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitoplasticity: Adaptation biology of the mitochondrion to the cellular redox state in physiology and carcinogenesis
    • Jose C, Melser S, Benard G, Rossignol R. Mitoplasticity: adaptation biology of the mitochondrion to the cellular redox state in physiology and carcinogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2013;18(7):808-49
    • (2013) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.18 , Issue.7 , pp. 808-849
    • Jose, C.1    Melser, S.2    Benard, G.3    Rossignol, R.4
  • 238
    • 46749156297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial fission mediates high glucose-induced cell death through elevated production of reactive oxygen species
    • Yu T, Sheu SS, Robotham JL, Yoon Y. Mitochondrial fission mediates high glucose-induced cell death through elevated production of reactive oxygen species. Cardiovasc Res. 2008;79(2):341-51
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Res , vol.79 , Issue.2 , pp. 341-351
    • Yu, T.1    Sheu, S.S.2    Robotham, J.L.3    Yoon, Y.4
  • 239
    • 79961021186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered mitochondrial dynamics contributes to endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus
    • Shenouda SM, Widlansky ME, Chen K, et al. Altered mitochondrial dynamics contributes to endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Circulation. 2011;124(4):444-53
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.124 , Issue.4 , pp. 444-453
    • Shenouda, S.M.1    Widlansky, M.E.2    Chen, K.3
  • 240
    • 27644467802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in cardiac myocyte homeostasis, aging, and pathology
    • Terman A, Brunk UT. Autophagy in cardiac myocyte homeostasis, aging, and pathology. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;68(3):355-65
    • (2005) Cardiovasc Res , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 355-365
    • Terman, A.1    Brunk, U.T.2
  • 241
    • 77955342581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of autophagy in the heart induces age-related cardiomyopathy
    • Taneike M, Yamaguchi O, Nakai A, et al. Inhibition of autophagy in the heart induces age-related cardiomyopathy. Autophagy. 2010;6(5):600-6
    • (2010) Autophagy , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 600-606
    • Taneike, M.1    Yamaguchi, O.2    Nakai, A.3
  • 242
    • 34249714158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of autophagy in cardiomyocytes in the basal state and in response to hemodynamic stress
    • Nakai A, Yamaguchi O, Takeda T, et al. The role of autophagy in cardiomyocytes in the basal state and in response to hemodynamic stress. Nat Med. 2007;13(5):619-24
    • (2007) Nat Med , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 619-624
    • Nakai, A.1    Yamaguchi, O.2    Takeda, T.3
  • 243
    • 82855181981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired mitophagy at the heart of injury
    • Gottlieb RA, Mentzer RM, Jr., Linton PJ. Impaired mitophagy at the heart of injury. Autophagy. 2011;7(12):1573-4
    • (2011) Autophagy , vol.7 , Issue.12 , pp. 1573-1574
    • Gottlieb, R.A.1    Mentzer, R.M.2    Linton, P.J.3
  • 244
    • 84874315293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Akt2 knockout preserves cardiac function in high-fat diet-induced obesity by rescuing cardiac autophagosome maturation
    • Xu X, Hua Y, Nair S, Zhang Y, Ren J. Akt2 knockout preserves cardiac function in high-fat diet-induced obesity by rescuing cardiac autophagosome maturation. J Mol Cell Biol. 2013;5(1):61-3
    • (2013) J Mol Cell Biol , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-63
    • Xu, X.1    Hua, Y.2    Nair, S.3    Zhang, Y.4    Ren, J.5
  • 245
    • 0035929337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin antagonizes AMP-activated protein kinase activation by ischemia or anoxia in rat hearts, without affecting total adenine nucleotides
    • Beauloye C, Marsin AS, Bertrand L, et al. Insulin antagonizes AMP-activated protein kinase activation by ischemia or anoxia in rat hearts, without affecting total adenine nucleotides. FEBS Lett. 2001;505(3):348-52
    • (2001) FEBS Lett , vol.505 , Issue.3 , pp. 348-352
    • Beauloye, C.1    Marsin, A.S.2    Bertrand, L.3
  • 246
    • 84880065357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diminished autophagy limits cardiac injury in mouse models of type 1 diabetes
    • Xu X, Kobayashi S, Chen K, et al. Diminished autophagy limits cardiac injury in mouse models of type 1 diabetes. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(25):18077-92
    • (2013) J Biol Chem , vol.288 , Issue.25 , pp. 18077-18092
    • Xu, X.1    Kobayashi, S.2    Chen, K.3
  • 247
    • 0141954941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retina: Oxidative stress and diabetes
    • van Reyk DM, Gillies MC, Davies MJ. The retina: oxidative stress and diabetes. Redox Rep. 2003;8(4):187-92
    • (2003) Redox Rep , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 187-192
    • Van Reyk, D.M.1    Gillies, M.C.2    Davies, M.J.3
  • 248
    • 20744460199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactive carbonyls and polyunsaturated fatty acids produce a hydroxyl radical-like species: A potential pathway for oxidative damage of retinal proteins in diabetes
    • Pennathur S, Ido Y, Heller JI, et al. Reactive carbonyls and polyunsaturated fatty acids produce a hydroxyl radical-like species: a potential pathway for oxidative damage of retinal proteins in diabetes. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(24):22706-14
    • (2005) J Biol Chem , vol.280 , Issue.24 , pp. 22706-22714
    • Pennathur, S.1    Ido, Y.2    Heller, J.I.3
  • 249
    • 66349132882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy, exosomes and drusen formation in age-related macular degeneration
    • Wang AL, Lukas TJ, Yuan M, Du N, Tso MO, Neufeld AH. Autophagy, exosomes and drusen formation in age-related macular degeneration. Autophagy. 2009;5(4):563-4
    • (2009) Autophagy , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 563-564
    • Wang, A.L.1    Lukas, T.J.2    Yuan, M.3    Du, N.4    Tso, M.O.5    Neufeld, A.H.6
  • 250
    • 77952829285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy--hot topic in AMD
    • Kaarniranta K. Autophagy--hot topic in AMD. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88(4):387-8
    • (2010) Acta Ophthalmol , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 387-388
    • Kaarniranta, K.1
  • 251
    • 84877819153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balance between autophagic pathways preserves retinal homeostasis
    • Rodríguez-Muela N, Koga H, García-Ledo L, et al. Balance between autophagic pathways preserves retinal homeostasis. Aging Cell. 2013;12(3):478-88
    • (2013) Aging Cell , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 478-488
    • Rodríguez-Muela, N.1    Koga, H.2    García-Ledo, L.3
  • 252
    • 84859779965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TXNIP links innate host defense mechanisms to oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal Muller glia under chronic hyperglycemia: Implications for diabetic retinopathy
    • 438238
    • Devi TS, Lee I, Huttemann M, Kumar A, Nantwi KD, Singh LP. TXNIP links innate host defense mechanisms to oxidative stress and inflammation in retinal Muller glia under chronic hyperglycemia: implications for diabetic retinopathy. Exp Diabetes Res. 2012;2012:438238.
    • (2012) Exp Diabetes Res , vol.2012
    • Devi, T.S.1    Lee, I.2    Huttemann, M.3    Kumar, A.4    Nantwi, K.D.5    Singh, L.P.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.