BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films and devices: Past, present and future

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Volumn 26, Issue 47, 2014, Pages

  Sando, D ^a   Barthelemy A ^a   Bibes, M ^a  

^a UNITÉ MIXTE DE PHYSIQUE CNRS THALES   (France)

Author keywords

BiFeO3; devices; multiferroics; oxide electronics; strain engineering

Indexed keywords

CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ENERGY HARVESTING; FERROELECTRICITY; OXIDE FILMS;

BIFEO3; DEVICES; MULTIFERROICS; OXIDE ELECTRONICS; STRAIN ENGINEERING;

THIN FILMS;

EID: 84908582423     PISSN: 09538984     EISSN: 1361648X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/47/473201     Document Type: Review

References (313)

1. Smolenskii G and Chupis I 1982 Sov. Phys. - Usp. 25 475
2. Eerenstein W, Mathur N D and Scott J F 2006 Nature 442 759
3. Cheong S-W and Mostovoy M 2007 Nature Mater. 6 13
4. Fiebig M 2005 J. Phys: D. Appl. Phys. 38 R123
5. Béa H, Gajek M, Bibes M and Barthélémy A 2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 434221
6. Bibes M and Barthélémy A 2008 Nature Mater. 7 425
7. Pimenov A, Mukhin A A, Ivanov V Y, Travkin V D, Balbashov A M and Loidl A 2006 Nature Phys. 2 97
8. Seidel J et al 2009 Nature Mater. 8 229
9. Kreisel J, Alexe M and Thomas P A 2012 Nature Mater. 11 260
10. Catalan G and Scott J F 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 2463
11. Royen P and Swars K 1957 Angew. Chem. 69 779
12. Moreau J M, Michel C, Gerson R and James W J 1971 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 32 1315
13. Megaw H and Darlington C 1975 Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 31 161
14. Kiselev S V, Ozerov R P and Zhdanov G S 1963 Sov. Phys. - Dokl. 7 742
15. Sosnowska I, Peterlin-Neumaier T and Steichele E 1982 J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 15 4835
16. Krainik N N, Khuchua N P, Zhdanova V V and Evseev V A 1966 Sov. Phys. Solid State 8 654
17. Teague J R, Gerson R and James W J 1970 Solid State Commun. 8 1073
18. Tabares-Muñoz C 1986 PhD Thesis Université de Genève
19. Lebeugle D, Colson D, Forget A and Viret M 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 022907
20. Shvartsman V V, Kleemann W, Haumont R and Kreisel J 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 172115
21. Tabares-Muñoz C, Rivera J-P, Bezinges A, Monnier A and Schmid H 1985 Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 24 1051
22. Haumont R, Kreisel J and Bouvier P 2006 Phase Transit. 79 1043
23. Palai R, Katiyar R S, Schmid H, Tissot P, Clark S J, Robertson J, Redfern S A T, Catalan G and Scott J F 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 014110
24. Selbach S M, Tybell T, Einarsrud M-A and Grande T 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 3692
25. Haumont R, Bouvier P, Pashkin A, Rabia K, Frank S, Dkhil B, Crichton W A, Kuntscher C A and Kreisel J 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 184110
26. Guennou M, Bouvier P, Chen G S, Dkhil B, Haumont R, Garbarino G and Kreisel J 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 174107
27. Moubah R, Schmerber G, Rousseau O, Colson D and Viret M 2012 Appl. Phys. Express 5 035802
28. Huang H 2010 Nature Photon. 4 134
29. Yang S Y et al 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 062909
30. Choi T, Lee S, Choi Y J, Kiryukhin V and Cheong S-W 2009 Science 324 63
31. Grinberg I et al 2013 Nature 503 509
32. Rivera J-P and Schmid H 1997 Ferroelectrics 204 23
33. Tabares-Muñoz C, Rivera J-P and Schmid H 1984 Ferroelectrics 55 235
34. Schlom D G, Chen L-Q, Eom C-B, Rabe K M, Streiffer S K and Triscone J-M 2007 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37 589
35. Schlom D G, Chen L-Q, Fennie C J, Gopalan V, Muller D A, Pan X, Ramesh R and Uecker R 2014 MRS Bull. 39 118
36. Ricinschi D, Yun K-Y and Okuyama M 2006 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 L97
37. Béa H et al 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 217603
38. Zeches R J et al 2009 Science 326 977
39. Chen Z, You L, Huang C, Qi Y, Wang J, Sritharan T and Chen L 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 252903
40. Mazumdar D, Shelke V, Iliev M, Jesse S, Kumar A, Kalinin S V, Baddorf A P and Gupta A 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2555
41. Christen H M, Nam J H, Kim H S, Hatt A J and Spaldin N A 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 144107
42. Qi X, Wei M, Lin Y, Jia Q, Zhi D, Dho J, Blamire M G and MacManus-Driscoll J L 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 071913
43. Béa H, Bibes M, Zhu X-H, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Petit S, Kreisel J and Barthélémy A 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 072901
44. Ryu S, Kim J-Y, Shin Y-H, Park B-G, Son J Y and Jang H M 2009 Chem. Mater. 21 5050
45. Yang J C et al 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 247606
46. Lee J H, Chu K, Ünal A A, Valencia S, Kronast F, Kowarik S, Seidel J and Yang C-H 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 140101
47. Xu G, Hiraka H, Shirane G, Li J, Wang J and Viehland D 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 182905
48. Toupet H, Le Marrec F, Lichtensteiger C, Dkhil B and Karkut M G 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 140101(R)
49. Liu H, Yao K, Yang P, Du Y, He Q, Gu Y, Li X, Wang S, Zhou X and Wang J 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 064108
50. Chen Z, Qi Y, You L, Yang P, Huang C W, Wang J, Sritharan T and Chen L 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 054114
51. Xu G, Li J and Viehland D 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 222901
52. Yan L, Cao H, Li J and Viehland D 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 132901
53. Li J, Wang J, Wuttig M, Ramesh R, Wang N, Ruette B, Pyatakov A P, Zvezdin A K and Viehland D 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 5261
54. Bai F, Wang J, Wuttig M, Li J, Wang N, Pyatakov A P, Zvezdin A K, Cross L E and Viehland D 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 032511
55. Singh M K, Jang H M, Ryu S and Jo M-H 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 042907
56. Ihlefeld J F et al 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 071922
57. Zhang J X, Li Y L, Wang Y, Liu Z K, Chen L Q, Chu Y H, Zavaliche F and Ramesh R 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 114105
58. Kan D and Takeuchi I 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 014104
59. Singh S K, Kim Y K, Funakubo H and Ishiwara H 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 162904
60. Rana D S, Takahashi K, Mavani K R, Kawayama I, Murakami H, Tonouchi M, Yanagida T, Tanaka H and Kawai T 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 060405
61. Kim D H, Lee H N, Biegalski M D and Christen H M 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 012911
62. Liu H, Yang P, Yao K and Wang J 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 012901
63. Daumont C J M, Farokhipoor S, Ferri A, Wojdeł J C, Íñiguez J, Kooi B J and Noheda B 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 144115
64. Fewster P F 1997 Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 22 69
65. Shimada T, Arisue K and Kitamura T 2012 Phys. Lett. A 376 3368
66. Saito K, Ulyanenkov A, Grossmann V, Ress H, Bruegemann L, Ohta H, Kurosawa T, Ueki S and Funakubo H 2006 Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 45 7311
67. Yang Y, Schlepütz C M, Adamo C, Schlom D G and Clarke R 2013 APL Mater. 1 052102
68. Rondinelli J M and Spaldin N A 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 113402
69. Ueno R, Okaura S, Funakubo H and Saito K 2005 Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 44 L1231
70. Béa H, Bibes M, Petit S, Kreisel J and Barthélémy A 2007 Phil. Mag. Lett. 87 165
71. Chu Y H et al 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 252906
72. Jang H W et al 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 817
73. Pennycook S J, Zhou H, Chisholm M F, Borisevich A Y, Varela M, Gazquez J, Pennycook T J and Narayan J 2013 Acta Mater. 61 2725
74. Infante I C et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 057601
75. Sando D et al 2013 Nature Mater. 12 641
76. Chen Z et al 2011 Adv. Funct. Mater. 21 133
77. Woodward P M 1997 Acta Crystallogr. Sect. B 53 44
78. Uecker R, Velickov B, Klimm D, Bertram R, Bernhagen M, Rabe M, Albrecht M, Fornari R and Schlom D G 2008 J. Cryst. Growth 310 2649
79. Gesing T M, Uecker R and Buhl J-C 2009 Z. Kristallogr. 224 365
80. Folkman C M et al 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 251911
81. Johann F, Morelli A, Biggemann D, Arredondo M and Vrejoiu I 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 094105
82. Liu H L, Lin M K, Cai Y R, Tung C K and Chu Y H 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 181907
83. Holcomb M B et al 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 134406
84. Sichel R J, Grigoriev A, Do D-H, Baek S-H, Jang H-W, Folkman C M, Eom C-B, Cai Z and Evans P G 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 051901
85. Hruszkewycz S O, Folkman C M, Highland M J, Holt M V, Baek S H, Streiffer S K, Baldo P, Eom C B and Fuoss P H 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 232903
86. Kim T H, Baek S H, Jang S Y, Yang S M, Chang S H, Song T K, Yoon J-G, Eom C B, Chung J-S and Noh T W 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 022904
87. Shelke V, Mazumdar D, Srinivasan G and Gupta A 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07D914
88. Chu Y-H et al 2006 Adv. Mater. 18 2307
89. Cazorla C and Íñiguez J 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 214430
90. Ederer C and Spaldin N A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 257601
91. Dupé B, Infante I C, Geneste G, Janolin P-E, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Lisenkov S, Bellaiche L, Ravy S and Dkhil B 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 144128
92. Iliev M N, Abrashev M V, Mazumdar D, Shelke V and Gupta A 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 014107
93. Siemons W, Biegalski M D, Nam J H and Christen H M 2011 Appl. Phys. Express 4 095801
94. Pailloux F et al 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 104106
95. Hatt A J, Spaldin N A and Ederer C 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 054109
96. Wojdeł J C and Íñiguez J 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 037208
97. Chen Z, Luo Z, Qi Y, Yang P, Wu S, Huang C, Wu T, Wang J, Gao C, Sritharan T and Chen L 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 242903
98. Diéguez O, González-Vázquez O E, Wojdeł J C and Íñiguez J 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 094105
99. Liu H-J et al 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 014104
100. Woo C-S et al 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 054417
101. Damodaran A R, Liang C, He Q, Peng C-Y, Chang L, Chu Y-H and Martin L W 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 3170
102. Zhang J X et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 147602
103. Chen Y-C et al 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 3070
104. Kuo H Y, Shu Y C, Chen H Z, Hsueh C J, Wang C H and Chu Y H 2011 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 31 3063
105. Chen Z et al 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 094116
106. Beekman C et al 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 5561
107. Damodaran A R, Lee S, Karthik J, MacLaren S and Martin L W 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 024113
108. Liu H-J, Chen H-J, Liang W-I, Liang C-W, Lee H-Y, Lin S-J and Chu Y-H 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 112 052002
109. Kreisel J, Jadhav P, Chaix-Pluchery O, Varela M, Dix N, Sánchez F and Fontcuberta J 2011 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 23 342202
110. Kim D H and Lim D 2013 J. Korean Phys. Soc. 62 734
111. Dix N, Muralidharan R, Varela M, Fontcuberta J and Sánchez F 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 122905
112. Liu H, Yang P, Yao K, Ong K P, Wu P and Wang J 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 937
113. Liu H, Yang P, Yao K and Wang J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 102902
114. Ren P, Cho S K, Liu P, You L, Zou X, Wang B, Wang J and Wang L 2013 AIP Adv. 3 012110
115. Doig K I, Aguesse F, Axelsson A K, Alford N M, Nawaz S, Palkar V R, Jones S P P, Johnson R D, Synowicki R A and Lloyd-Hughes J 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 094425
116. Liu H, Yang P, Fan Z, Kumar A, Yao K, Ong K P, Zeng K and Wang J 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 220101
117. Ma H, Chen L, Wang J, Ma J and Boey F 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 182902
118. Huang C W, Chu Y H, Chen Z H, Wang J, Sritharan T, He Q, Ramesh R and Chen L 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 152901
119. Dupé B, Prosandeev S, Geneste G, Dkhil B and Bellaiche L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 237601
120. Yang Y, Ren W, Stengel M, Yan X H and Bellaiche L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 057602
121. Prosandeev S, Kornev I A and Bellaiche L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 117602
122. Yang C-H, Kan D, Takeuchi I, Nagarajan V and Seidel J 2012 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14 15953
123. Wang J et al 2003 Science 299 1719
124. Pertsev N A, Zembilgotov A G and Tagantsev A K 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1988
125. Choi K J et al 2004 Science 306 1005
126. Lebeugle D, Colson D, Forget A, Viret M, Bonville P, Marucco J F and Fusil S 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 024116
127. Ravindran P, Vidya R, Kjekshus A, Fjellvåg H and Eriksson O 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 224412
128. Streiffer S K, Parker C B, Romanov A E, Lefevre M J, Zhao L, Speck J S, Pompe W, Foster C M and Bai G R 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 2742
129. Sapriel J 1975 Phys. Rev. B 12 5128
130. Ganpule C S, Nagarajan V, Hill B K, Roytburd A L, Williams E D, Ramesh R, Alpay S P, Roelofs A, Waser R and Eng L M 2002 J. Appl. Phys. 91 1477
131. Park M, Hong S, Klug J A, Bedzyk M J, Auciello O, No K and Petford-Long A 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 112907
132. Zavaliche F, Das R R, Kim D M, Eom C B, Yang S Y, Shafer P and Ramesh R 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 182912
133. Balke N, Choudhury S, Jesse S, Huijben M, Chu Y H, Baddorf A P, Chen L Q, Ramesh R and Kalinin S V 2009 Nature Nanotechnol. 4 868
134. Baek S H et al 2010 Nature Mater. 9 309
135. Park J W, Baek S H, Wu P, Winchester B, Nelson C T, Pan X Q, Chen L Q, Tybell T and Eom C B 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 212904
136. Pantel D, Chu Y-H, Martin L W, Ramesh R, Hesse D and Alexe M 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 084111
137. Folkman C M, Baek S-H and Eom C-B 2011 J. Mater. Res. 26 2844
138. Das R R et al 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 242904
139. Chu Y-H, Cruz M P, Yang C-H, Martin L W, Yang P-L, Zhang J-X, Lee K, Yu P, Chen L-Q and Ramesh R 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 2662
140. Chen Y B, Katz M B, Pan X Q, Das R R, Kim D M, Baek S H and Eom C B 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 072907
141. Bhatnagar A, Chaudhuri A R, Kim Y H, Hesse D and Alexe M 2013 Nature Commun. 4 2835
142. Guo R, You L, Chen L, Wu D and Wang J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 122902
143. Béa H, Ziegler B, Bibes M, Barthélémy A and Paruch P 2011 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 23 142201
144. Ziegler B, Martens K, Giamarchi T and Paruch P 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 247604
145. Chu Y-H, He Q, Yang C-H, Yu P, Martin L W, Shafer P and Ramesh R 2009 Nano Lett. 9 1726
146. Farokhipoor S and Noheda B 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 127601
147. Maksymovych P, Seidel J, Chu Y H, Wu P, Baddorf A P, Chen L-Q, Kalinin S V and Ramesh R 2011 Nano Lett. 11 1906
148. Seidel J et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 197603
149. Jang H W, Baek S H, Ortiz D, Folkman C M, Eom C B, Chu Y H, Shafer P, Ramesh R, Vaithyanathan V and Schlom D G 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 062910
150. Wu J and Wang J 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 106 104111
151. Sone K, Naganuma H, Miyazaki T, Nakajima T and Okamura S 2010 Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 49 09MB03
152. Tian W, Vaithyanathan V, Schlom D G, Zhan Q, Yang S Y, Chu Y H and Ramesh R 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 172908
153. Rossell M D, Erni R, Prange M P, Idrobo J-C, Luo W, Zeches R J, Pantelides S T and Ramesh R 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 047601
154. Sichuga D and Bellaiche L 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 196102
155. Kartavtseva M S, Gorbenko O Y, Kaul A R and Murzina T V 2010 Thin Solid Films 518 4750
156. Daumont C et al 2012 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24 162202
157. Ederer C and Spaldin N A 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 060401
158. Jang H et al 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 107602
159. Zhang J X, Schlom D G, Chen L Q and Eom C B 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 122904
160. Vanderbilt D and Cohen M H 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 094108
161. Fu H and Cohen R E 2000 Nature 403 281
162. Bellaiche L, García A and Vanderbilt D 2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 060103
163. Noheda B, Cox D E, Shirane G, Park S-E, Cross L E and Zhong Z 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 3891
164. Bai F, Wang N, Li J, Viehland D, Gehring P M, Xu G and Shirane G 2004 J. Appl. Phys. 96 1620
165. Bark C W, Ryu S, Koo Y M, Jang H M and Youn H S 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 022902
166. Fujino S, Murakami M, Anbusathaiah V, Lim S-H, Nagarajan V, Fennie C J, Wuttig M, Salamanca-Riba L and Takeuchi I 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 202904
167. Yang S Y et al 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 102903
168. Park S-E and Shrout T R 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 82 1804
169. Damjanovic D 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 062906
170. Polcawich R G, Pulskamp J S, Bedair S, Smith G, Kaul R, Kroninger C, Wetzel E, Chandrahalim H and Bhave S A 2010 p 2193 2010 IEEE Sensors (IEEE)
171. Kan D, Cheng C J, Nagarajan V and Takeuchi I 2013 Functional Metal Oxides: New Science and Novel Applications ed S Ogale et al (Weinheim, Germany: Wiley)
172. Cheng C-J, Kan D, Lim S-H, McKenzie W R, Munroe P R, Salamanca-Riba L G, Withers R L, Takeuchi I and Nagarajan V 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 014109
173. Kan D, Pálová L, Anbusathaiah V, Cheng C J, Fujino S, Nagarajan V, Rabe K M and Takeuchi I 2010 Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 1108
174. Cheng C-J, Kan D, Anbusathaiah V, Takeuchi I and Nagarajan V 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 212905
175. Kan D, Cheng C-J, Nagarajan V and Takeuchi I 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 110 014106
176. Kan D, Anbusathaiah V and Takeuchi I 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 1765
177. Baettig P, Ederer C and Spaldin N A 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 214105
178. Neaton J B, Ederer C, Waghmare U V, Spaldin N A and Rabe K M 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 014113
179. Zhang J X, Xiang B, He Q, Seidel J, Zeches R J, Yu P, Yang S Y, Wang C H, Chu Y-H, Martin L W, Minor A M and Ramesh R 2011 Nature Nanotechnol. 6 98
180. Scott J F 2010 ChemPhysChem 11 341
181. Vasudevan R K, Okatan M B, Liu Y Y, Jesse S, Yang J-C, Liang W-I, Chu Y-H, Li J Y, Kalinin S V and Nagarajan V 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 020402
182. Vasudevan R K, Liu Y, Li J, Liang W-I, Kumar A, Jesse S, Chen Y-C, Chu Y-H, Nagarajan V and Kalinin S V 2011 Nano Lett. 11 3346
183. Ramazanoglu M, Ratcliff W II, Choi Y J, Lee S, Cheong S-W and Kiryukhin V 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 174434
184. Sosnowska I, Loewenhaupt M, David W I F and Ibberson R M 1992 Physica B 180 and 181 117
185. Johnson R D, Barone P, Bombardi A, Bean R J, Picozzi S, Radaelli P G, Oh Y S, Cheong S-W and Chapon L C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 217206
186. Sosnowska I and Przeniosło R 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 144404
187. Ramazanoglu M, Laver M, Ratcliff W II, Watson S M, Chen W C, Jackson A, Kothapalli K, Lee S, Cheong S-W and Kiryukhin V 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 207206
188. Popov Y F, Zvezdin A K, Vorob'ev G P, Kadomtseva A M, Murashov V A and Rakov D N 1993 JETP Lett. 57 69
189. Tokunaga M, Azuma M and Shimakawa Y 2010 J. Phys. Soc. Japan 79 064713
190. Kadomtseva A M, Popov Y F, Vorob'ev G P and Zvezdin A K 1995 Physica B 211 327
191. Chen P, Günaydin-Şen Ö, Ren W J, Qin Z, Brinzari T V, McGill S, Cheong S-W and Musfeldt J L 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 014407
192. Sosnowska I, Schäfer W, Kockelmann W, Andersen K H and Troyanchuk I O 2002 Appl. Phys. A 74 S1040
193. Sosnowska I, Schäfer W and Troyanchuk I O 2000 Physica B 276 576
194. Ke X, Zhang P P, Baek S H, Zarestky J, Tian W and Eom C B 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 134448
195. Ratcliff W II, Yamani Z, Anbusathaiah V, Gao T R, Kienzle P A, Cao H and Takeuchi I 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 140405
196. Juraszek J, Zivotsky O, Chiron H, Vaudolon C and Teillet J 2009 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80 043905
197. Béa H et al 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 072508
198. Eerenstein W, Morrison F D, Dho J, Blamire M G, Scott J F and Mathur N D 2005 Science 307 1203
199. Martin L W, Chu Y-H, Holcomb M B, Huijben M, Yu P, Han S, Lee D, Wang S X and Ramesh R 2008 Nano Lett. 8 2050
200. Lubk A, Gemming S and Spaldin N A 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 104110
201. Borisevich A Y et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 087204
202. Béa H, Bibes M, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Jacquet E, Rode K, Bencok P and Barthélémy A 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 020101
203. Zhao T et al 2006 Nature Mater. 5 823
204. Siemons W, Beekman C, MacDougall G J, Zarestky J L, Nagler S E and Christen H M 2014 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 47 034011
205. Infante I C et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 237601
206. MacDougall G J, Christen H M, Siemons W, Biegalski M D, Zarestky J L, Liang S, Dagotto E and Nagler S E 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 100406
207. Ko K-T et al 2011 Nature Commun. 2 567
208. Escorihuela-Sayalero C, Diéguez O and Íñiguez J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 247202
209. Allibe J et al 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 182902
210. Kumar A et al 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 121915
211. Ihlefeld J F et al 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 142908
212. Hauser A J, Zhang J, Mier L, Ricciardo R A, Woodward P M, Gustafson T L, Brillson L J and Yang F Y 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 222901
213. Železný V, Chvostová D, Pajasová L, Vrejoiu I and Alexe M 2010 Appl. Phys. A 100 1217
214. Clark S J and Robertson J 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 132903
215. Tompkins H G and Irene E A 2005 Handbook of Ellipsometry (New York: William Andrew)
216. Chen P, Podraza N J, Xu X S, Melville A, Vlahos E, Gopalan V, Ramesh R, Schlom D G and Musfeldt J L 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 131907
217. Pisarev R V, Moskvin A S, Kalashnikova A M and Rasing T 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 235128
218. Moskvin A S and Pisarev R V 2010 Low Temp. Phys. 36 489
219. Basu S R, Martin L W, Chu Y H, Gajek M, Ramesh R, Rai R C, Xu X and Musfeldt J L 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 091905
220. Himcinschi C, Vrejoiu I, Friedrich M, Nikulina E, Ding L, Cobet C, Esser N, Alexe M, Rafaja D and Zahn D R T 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 123524
221. Ju S and Cai T-Y 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 231906
222. Zhang J, Rutkowski M, Martin L W, Conry T, Ramesh R, Ihlefeld J F, Melville A, Schlom D G and Brillson L J 2009 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 27 2012
223. Sando D et al 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 195106
224. Seidel J, Fu D, Yang S-Y, Alarcón-Lladó E, Wu J, Ramesh R and Ager J W III 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 126805
225. Yang S et al 2010 Nature Nanotechnol. 5 143
226. Young S M, Zheng F and Rappe A M 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 236601
227. Ji W, Yao K and Liang Y C 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 1763
228. Haislmaier R C, Podraza N J, Denev S, Melville A, Schlom D G and Gopalan V 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 031906
229. Berger R F, Fennie C J and Neaton J B 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 146804
230. Fan Z, Wang J, Sullivan M B, Huan A, Singh D J and Ong K P 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 4631
231. Dong H, Liu H and Wang S 2013 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 46 135102
232. Rout D, Han S H, Moon K-S, Kim H G, Cheon C Il and Kang S-J L 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 122509
233. Palai R, Schmid H, Scott J F and Katiyar R S 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 064110
234. Singh M K and Katiyar R S 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07D916
235. Ramirez M O et al 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 161905
236. Xu X S et al 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 134425
237. Seidel J et al 2012 Nature Commun. 3 799
238. Tsymbal E Y, Gruverman A, Garcia V, Bibes M and Barthélémy A 2012 MRS Bull. 37 138
239. Pantel D and Alexe M 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 134105
240. Chen Z, He L, Zhang F, Jiang J, Meng J, Zhao B and Jiang A 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 184106
241. Catalan G, Seidel J, Ramesh R and Scott J 2012 Rev. Mod. Phys. 84 119
242. Ahn C H et al 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 1185
243. Coey J M D, Viret M and von Molnár S 1999 Adv. Phys. 48 167
244. Caspi E, Avdeev M, Short S, Jorgensen J, Lobanov M, Zeng Z, Greenblatt M, Thiyagarajan P, Botez C and Stephens P 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 104402
245. Xiang P-H, Yamada H, Akoh H and Sawa A 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 112 113703
246. Yamada H et al 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 2834
247. Takahashi K S, Matthey D, Jaccard D, Triscone J-M, Shibuya K, Ohnishi T and Lippmaa M 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 1722
248. Takahashi K S, Gabay M, Jaccard D, Shibuya K, Ohnishi T, Lippmaa M and Triscone J-M 2006 Nature 441 195
249. Wu S M, Cybart S A, Yu P, Rossell M D, Zhang J X, Ramesh R and Dynes R C 2010 Nature Mater. 9 756
250. Wu S M, Cybart S A, Yi D, Parker J M, Ramesh R and Dynes R C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 067202
251. Ahn C H, Gariglio S, Paruch P, Tybell T, Antognazza L and Triscone J-M 1999 Science 284 1152
252. Wu J and Wang J 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 094107
253. Jiang A Q, Wang C, Jin K J, Liu X B, Scott J F, Hwang C S, Tang T A, Lu H Bin and Yang G Z 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 1277
254. Kim T H et al 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 4962
255. Hong S, Choi T, Jeon J H, Kim Y, Lee H, Joo H-Y, Hwang I, Kim J-S, Kang S-O, Kalinin S V and Park B H 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 2339
256. Yuan G-L and Wang J 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 252904
257. Lee D, Baek S H, Kim T H, Yoon J-G, Folkman C M, Eom C B and Noh T W 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 125305
258. Zhuravlev M, Sabirianov R, Jaswal S and Tsymbal E 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 246802
259. Kohlstedt H, Pertsev N, Rodríguez Contreras J and Waser R 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 125341
260. Garcia V, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Enouz-Vedrenne S, Mathur N D, Barthélémy A and Bibes M 2009 Nature 460 81
261. Gruverman A et al 2009 Nano Lett. 9 3539
262. Maksymovych P, Jesse S, Yu P, Ramesh R, Baddorf A P and Kalinin S V 2009 Science 324 1421
263. Hambe M, Petraru A, Pertsev N A, Munroe P, Nagarajan V and Kohlstedt H 2010 Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 2436
264. Yamada H et al 2013 ACS Nano 6 5385
265. Chua L 1971 IEEE Trans. Circuit Theory 18 507
266. Strukov D B, Snider G S, Stewart D R and Williams R S 2008 Nature 453 80
267. Yang J J, Strukov D B and Stewart D R 2012 Nature Nanotechnol. 8 13
268. You T et al 2014 Adv. Funct. Mater. 24 3357-65
269. Chanthbouala A et al 2012 Nature Mater. 11 860
270. Boyn S et al 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 052909
271. Chiu Y-P et al 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 1530
272. Diéguez O, Aguado-Puente P, Junquera J and Íñiguez J 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 024102
273. Guyonnet J, Gaponenko I, Gariglio S and Paruch P 2011 Adv. Mater. 23 5377
274. Sluka T, Tagantsev A K, Bednyakov P and Setter N 2013 Nature Commun. 4 1806
275. Schröder M, Haußmann A, Thiessen A, Soergel E, Woike T and Eng L M 2012 Adv. Funct. Mater. 22 3936
276. Meier D, Seidel J, Cano A, Delaney K, Kumagai Y, Mostovoy M, Spaldin N A, Ramesh R and Fiebig M 2012 Nature Mater. 11 284
277. Seidel J 2012 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 3 2905
278. Binek C and Doudin B 2005 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17 L39
279. Borisov P, Hochstrat A, Chen X, Kleemann W and Binek C 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 117203
280. Lee S, Ratcliff W, Cheong S and Kiryukhin V 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 192906
281. Lebeugle D, Colson D, Forget A, Viret M, Bataille A M and Gukasov A 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 227602
282. Dho J, Qi X, Kim H, MacManus-Driscoll J L and Blamire M G 2006 Adv. Mater. 18 1445
283. Béa H et al 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 242114
284. Béa H, Bibes M, Ott F, Dupé B, Zhu X-H, Petit S, Fusil S, Deranlot C, Bouzehouane K and Barthélémy A 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 017204
285. Malozemoff A P 1987 Phys. Rev. B 35 3679
286. Heron J T, Trassin M, Ashraf K, Gajek M, He Q, Yang S Y, Nikonov D E, Chu Y-H, Salahuddin S and Ramesh R 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 217202
287. Chu Y-H et al 2008 Nature Mater. 7 478
288. Zhang X, Wang Y H, Zhang D L, Zhang G Q, Yang H L, Miao J, Xu X G and Jiang Y 2011 IEEE Trans. Magn. 47 3139
289. Allibe J, Infante I C, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Jacquet E, Deranlot C, Bibes M and Barthélémy A 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 182503
290. Allibe J, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Daumont C, Sando D, Jacquet E, Deranlot C, Bibes M and Barthélémy A 2012 Nano Lett. 12 1141
291. Yu P et al 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 027201
292. Calderón M J, Liang S, Yu R, Salafranca J, Dong S, Yunoki S, Brey L, Moreo A and Dagotto E 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 024422
293. Béa H, Bibes M, Herranz G, Zhu X-H, Fusil S, Bouzehouane K, Jacquet E, Deranlot C and Barthélémy A 2008 IEEE Trans. Magn. 44 1941
294. Teresa J M De, Barthélémy A, Fert A, Contour J P, Montaigne F and Seneor P 1999 Science 286 507
295. Bibes M, Bowen M, Barthélémy A, Anane A, Bouzehouane K, Carrétéro C, Jacquet E, Contour J-P and Durand O 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 3269
296. Garcia V, Bibes M, Maurice J-L, Jacquet E, Bouzehouane K, Contour J-P and Barthélémy A 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 212501
297. Garcia V et al 2010 Science 327 1106
298. Valencia S et al 2011 Nature Mater. 10 753
299. Chu S H, Singh D J, Wang J, Li E-P and Ong K P 2012 Laser Photon. Rev. 6 684
300. Wessels B W 2007 Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 37 659
301. Guo R, You L, Zhou Y, Lim Z S, Zou X, Chen L, Ramesh R and Wang J 2013 Nature Commun. 4 1990
302. Kundys B, Viret M, Colson D and Kundys D O 2010 Nature Mater. 9 803
303. Kundys B, Viret M, Meny C, Da Costa V, Colson D and Doudin B 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 092301
304. Kundys B, Meny C, Gibbs M R J, Da Costa V, Viret M, Acosta M, Colson D and Doudin B 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 262411
305. Diéguez O and Íñiguez J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 057601
306. Fridkin V M 1979 Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences vol 9 (Berlin: Springer)
307. Maruyama K, Kondo M, Singh S K and Ishiwara H 2007 Fujitsu Sci. Tech. J. 43 502
308. Crassous A et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 247002
309. Rovillain P, Sousa R De, Gallais Y, Sacuto A, Méasson M, Colson D, Forget A, Bibes M, Barthélémy A and Cazayous M 2010 Nature Mater. 9 975
310. Hopkins P E, Adamo C, Ye L, Huey B D, Lee S R, Schlom D G and Ihlefeld J F 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 121903
311. Giencke J E, Folkman C M, Baek S-H and Eom C-B 2014 Curr. Opin. Solid State Mater. Sci. 18 39
312. Biegalski M D, Kim D H, Choudhury S, Chen L Q, Christen H M and Dörr K 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 142902
313. Siemons W, MacDougall G J, Aczel A A, Zarestky J L, Biegalski M D, Liang S, Dagotto E, Nagler S E and Christen H M 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 212901