Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments. Part III: An Introduction to Sample Preparation and Extraction

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 284-312

  Navas, María José ^a   Jiménez Moreno, Ana María ^a   Bueno, Julia Martín ^a   Sáez Plaza, Purificación ^a   Asuero, Agustin G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE   (Spain)

Author keywords

Anthocyanins; sample preparation

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES; ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENT; ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY; IN-VITRO; IN-VIVO; NATURAL COLORS; NATURAL PRODUCTS; NATURALLY OCCURRING; NUTRITIONAL VALUE; PHYTOCHEMICALS; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS; SAMPLE TREATMENT; SECONDARY METABOLITES;

COLOR; FRUITS;

ANTHOCYANINS;

ANTIOXIDANT; NUTRITION; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; PIGMENT; SAMPLE PREPARATION; SECONDARY METABOLITE;

EID: 84865493087     PISSN: 10408347     EISSN: 15476510     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2012.680341     Document Type: Article

References (372)

1. Abascal, K., Ganora, L. and Yarnell, E. 2005. The Effect of Freeze-Drying and Its Implications for Botanical Medicine: A Review. Phytother. Res., 19(8): 655-660.
2. Abdel-Aal, E. S. M., Hucl, P., Shea Miller, S., Patterson, C. A. and Gray, D. 2011. Microstructure and Nutrient Composition of Hairless Canary Seed and Its Potential as a Blending Flour for Food Use. Food Chem., 125(2): 410-416.
3. Aberoumand, A. 2011. A Review Article on Edible Pigments Properties and Sources of Natural Biocolorants in Foodstuff and Food Industry. Word J. Dairy Food Sci., 6(1): 71-78.
4. Agrawal, A. N. D. 2011. Pharmacological Activities of Flavonoids: A Review. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Nanotechnol., 4(2): 1394-1398.
5. Aiyer, H. S., Warri, A. M., Woode, D. R., Hilakivi-Clarke, L. and Clarke, R. 2012. Influence of Berry Polyphenols on Receptor Signaling and Cell-Death Pathways: Implications for Breast Cancer Prevention. J. Agric. Food Chem., 60: 5693-5708.
6. Ajila, C. M., Brar, S. K., Verma, M., Tyagi, R. D., Godbout, S. and Valero, J. R. 2011. Extraction and Analysis of Polyphenols: Recent Trends. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol., 31(3): 227-249.
7. Alvarez-Suarez, J. M., Tulipani, S., Romandini, S., Vidal, A. and Battino, M. 2009. Methodological Aspects about Determination of Phenolic Compounds and in Vitro Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity in the Honey: A Review. Curr. Anal. Chem., 5(4): 293-302.
8. Andersen, O. M. 2008. "Recent Advances in the Field of Anthocyanins-Main Focus on Structure". In Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, Edited by: Daayf, F. and Lattanzio, V. Vol. 1, 167-201. Chichester, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
9. Andersen, O. M. and Francis, G. W. 2004. "Techniques of Pigment Identification". In Plant Pigments and Their Manipulation, Edited by: Davies, K. 293-341. London: Blackwell Publishing.
10. Andersen, O. M. and Jordheim, M. 2006. "The Anthocyanins". In Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Applications, Edited by: Andersen, O. M. and Markham, K. R. 471-551. Boca Raton, Fla.: Taylor and Francis.
11. Andersen, O. M. and Markham, K. R. 2006. Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications, Boca Raton, Fla.: Taylor and Francis.
12. Antal, D. S., Garban, G. and Garban, Z. 2003. The Anthocyanins: Biologically-Active Substances of Food and Pharmaceutical Interest. Ann. Univ. Dunarea de Jos Galati, 6: 106-115.
13. Antolovich, M., Prenzler, P., Robards, K. and Ryan, D. 2000. Sample Preparation in the Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Fruits. Analyst, 125(5): 989-1009.
14. Arnnok, P., Ruangviriyachai, C., Mahachai, R., Techawongstien, S. and Chanthai, S. 2012. Determination of Total Phenolics and Anthocyanin Contents in the Pericarp of Hot Chilli Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Int. Food Res. J., 19(1): 235-243.
15. Asuero, A. G. 1989. A Bilogarithmic Method for the Evaluation of Acidity Constants of Amphoteric Substances from Solubility Measurements. Int. J. Pharm., 52(2): 129-137.
16. Asuero, A. G. 2007. Buffer Capacity of a Polyprotic Acid: First Derivative of the Buffer Capacity and pKa Values of Single and Overlapping Equilibria. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 37(4): 269-301.
17. Asuero, A. G., Jiménez-Trillo, J. L. and Navas, M. J. 1986a. Mathematical Treatment of Absorbance versus pH Graphs of Polybasic Acids. Talanta, 33(11): 929-934.
18. Asuero, A. G., Navas, M. J. and Jiménez-Trillo, J. L. 1986b. Spectrophotometric Methods for the Evaluation of Acidity Constants. I. Numerical Methods for Single Equilibria. Talanta, 33(2): 195-198.
19. Asuero, A. G. and Michalowski, T. 2011. Comprehensive Formulation of Titration Curves for Complex Acid-Base Systems and Its Analytical Implications. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 41(2): 150-186.
20. Augusto, F., Caraseta, E., Silva, R. G. C., Rivellino, S. R., Batista, A. D. and Martendal, E. 2010. New Sorbents for Extraction and Microextraction Techniques. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217(16): 2533-2542.
21. Bakowska-Barczak, A. 2005. Acylated Anthocyanins as Stable, Natural, Food Colorants. A Review. Polish J. Food Nutr. Sci., 14(2): 107-116.
22. Barker, S. A. 2000. Matrix Solid Phase Dispersion: A Review. J. Chromatogr. A, 885(1-2): 115-127.
23. Barnes, J. S. 2010. Analytical characterization of anthocyanins from natural products by reverse-phase liquid chromatography-photodiode array-electrospray ionization-ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry, master of science in chemistry thesis, The University of Texas at Arlington.
24. Barnes, J. S. and Schung, K. A. 2011. Structural Characterization of Cyanidin-3,5-Diglucoside and Pelargonidin-3,5-Diglucoside Anthocyanins: Multidimensional Fragmentation Pathways Using High Performance Liquid Chromatograpy-Electrospray Ionization-Ion Trap-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 308(1): 71-80.
25. Basu, A. and Lyons, T. J. 2012. Strawberries, Blueberries, and Cranberries in the Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Perspectives. J. Agric. Food Chem., 60: 5687-5692.
26. Basu, A., Rhone, M. and Lyons, T. J. 2010. Berries: Emerging Impact on Cardiovascular Health. Nutr. Rev., 68(3): 168-177.
27. Beattie, J., Crozier, A. and Duthie, G. G. 2005. Potential Health Benefits of Berries. Curr. Nutr. Food Sci., 1(1): 71-86.
28. Bedgood, D. R., Bishop, A. G., Prenzler, P. D. and Robards, K. 2005. Analytical Approaches to the Determination of Simple Biophenols in Forest Trees Such as Acer (Maple), Betula (Birch), Coniferus, Eucalyptus, Juniperus (Cedar), Pidea (Spruces) and Quercus (Oak). Analyst, 130(6): 809-823.
29. Bernhoft, A. 2010. Bioactive Compounds in Plants-Benefits and Risks for Man and Animals, Oslo: The Norwegian Academy of Sciences and Letters, Vovus Forlag.
30. Berthod, A. 2007. Countercurrent Chromatography and the Journal of Liquid Chromatography: A Love Story. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 30(9-10): 1447-1463.
31. Biesaga, M. and Pyrzynska, K. 2009. Analytical Procedures for Determination of Quercetin and Its Glycosides in Plant Material. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 39(2): 95-107.
32. Blahova, E. and Brandsteterová, E. 2004. Approaches in Sample Handling before HPLC Analysis of Complex Matrices. Chem. Pap., 58(5): 362-373.
33. Bloor, S. J. 2001. Overview of Methods for Analysis and Identification of Flavonoids. Methods Enzymol., 335: 3-14.
34. Bower, C. 2007. "Post Harvest Handing, Storage, and Treatment of Fresh Market Berries". In Berry Fruit: Value Added Products for Health Promotion, Edited by: Zhao, Y. 262-284. New York: CRC Press. Ch. 9
35. Brunner, G. 2010. Applications of Supercritical Fluids. Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng., 1: 321-342.
36. Bueno, J. M., Ramos-Escudero, F., Sáez-Plaza, P., Muñoz, A. M., Navas, M. J. and Asuero, A. G. 2012a. Analyisis and Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments. Part I: General Considerations Concerning Polyphenols and Flavonoids. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 42(2): 102-125.
37. Bueno, J. M., Saez-Plaza, P., Ramos-Escudero, F., Jimenez, A. M., Fett, R. and Asuero, A. G. 2012b. Analysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments. Part II: Chemical Structure, Color and Intake of Anthocyanins. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 42(2): 126-151.
38. Buldini, P. L., Ricci, L. and Sharma, J. L. 2002. Recent Application of Sample Preparation Techniques in Food Analysis. J. Chromatogr. A, 975(1): 47-70.
39. Calogero, G., Di Marco, G., Caramori, S., Cazzanti, S., Argazzi, R. and Bignozzi, C. A. 2009. Natural Dye Senstizers for Photoelectrochemical Cells. Energy Environ. Sci., 2(11): 1162-1172.
40. Camel, V. 2001. Recent Extraction Techniques for Solid Matrices-Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Microwave-Assisted Extraction: Their Potential and Pitfalls. Analyst, 126(7): 1182-1193.
41. Cao, G. H., Muccitelli, H. U., Sánchez-Moreno, C. and Prior, R. L. 2001. Anthocyanins Are Absorbed in Glycated Forms in Elderly Women: A Pharmacokinetic Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 73(5): 920-926.
42. Cao, S. R. and Pan, S. Y. 2006. Review of Anthocyanins from Blood Orange. Food Sci., 27(9): 278-281.
43. Cao, X., Zhang, Y., Zhang, F., Wang, Y., Yi, J. and Liao, X. 2011. Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Enzimes, Phenolic Compounds, Anthocyanins, Polymeric Color and Color of Strawberry Pulps. J. Sci. Food Agric., 91(5): 877-885.
44. Capriotti, A. L., Cavalieri, C., Giansanti, P., Gubbiotti, R., Samperi, R. and Lagana, A. 2010. Recent Developents in Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion Extraction. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217(6): 2521-2532.
45. Carabias-Martinez, A., Rodriguez-Gonzalo, E., Revilla-Ruiz, P. and Hernandez-Mendez, J. 2005. Pressurized Liquid Extraction in the Analysis of Food and Biological Samples. J. Chromatogr. A, 1089(1-2): 1-17.
46. Castañeda-Ovando, A., Pacheco-Hernández, M. L., Páez-Hernández, M. E., Rodríguez, J. E. and Galán-Vidal, C. A. 2009. Chemical Studies of Anthocyanins: A Review. Food Chem., 113(4): 859-871.
47. Cavalcanti, R. N., Santos, D. T. and Meireles, M. A. A. 2011. Non-thermal Stabilization Mechanisms of Anthocyanins in Model and Food Systems-An Overview. Food Res. Int., 44(2): 499-509.
48. Chen, Y., Guo, Z., Wang, X. and Qiu, C. 2008. Sample Preparation. J. Chromatogr. A, 1184(1-2): 191-219.
49. Chrzasci, K. I. 2009. Analysis of Biologically Active Stilbene Derivatives. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 39(2): 70-80.
50. Cimpoiu, C. 2006. Analysis of Some Natural Antioxidants by Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 29(7-8): 1125-1142.
51. Cisowska, A., Wojnicz, D. and Hendrich, A. B. 2011. Anthocyanins as Antimicrobial Agents of Natural Origin. Nat. Prod. Commun., 6(1): 149-156.
52. Clifford, M. N. 2000. Anthocyanins-Nature, Occurrence and Dietary Burden. J. Sci. Food Agric., 80(7): 1063-1072.
53. Cobzac, S. C. and Gocan, S. 2011. Sample Preparation for High Performance Liquid Chromatography: Recent Progress. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 34(13): 1157-1267.
54. Cooper-Driver, G. A. 2001. Contributions of Jeffrey Harborne and Co-workers to the Study of Anthocyanins. Phytochemistry, 56(3): 229-236.
55. Corradini, E., Foglia, P., Giansanti, P., Gubbiotti, R., Samperi, R. and Laganà, A. 2011. Flavonoids: Chemical Properties and Analytical Methodologies of Identification and Quantitation in Foods and Plants. Nat. Prod. Res., 25(5): 469-495.
56. Corrales, M., Fernández-García, A., Butz, P. and Tauscher, B. 2009. Extraction of Anthocyanins from Grape Skins Assisted by High Hydrostatic Pressure. J. Food Eng., 90(4): 415-421.
57. Côté, J., Caillet, S., Doyon, G., Sylvain, J. F. and Lacroix, M. 2010a. Analyzing Cranberry Bioactive Compounds. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 50(9): 872-888.
58. Côté, J., Caillet, S., Doyon, G., Sylvain, J. F. and Lacroix, M. 2010b. Bioactive Compounds in Cranberries and Their Biological Properties. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 50(7): 666-679.
59. Cushnie, T. P. T. and Lamb, A. J. 2005. Antimicrobial Activity of Flavonoids. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents, 26(5): 343-356.
60. Dai, J. and Mumper, R. J. 2010. Plant Phenolics: Extraction, Analysis and Their Antioxidant and Anticancer Properties. Molecules, 15(12): 7313-7352.
61. Darani, K. K. and Mozafari, M. R. 2009. Supercritical Fluids Technology in Bioprocess Industries: A Review. J. Biochem. Technol., 2(1): 144-152.
62. de Castro, M. D. L. and García-Ayuso, L. E. 1998. Soxhlet Extraction of Solid Materials: An Outdated Technique with a Promising Innovative Future. Anal. Chim. Acta, 369(1-2): 1-10.
63. de Castro, D. L. and Priego-Capote, F. 2010. Soxhlet Extraction: Past and Present Panacea. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217(16): 2383-2389.
64. de Quirós, A. R. B., López-Hernández, J. and Lage-Yusty, M. A. 2008. Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Malvidin-3-O-glucoside and Malvidin 3,5-O-diglucoside in Wine Samples by Direct Injection. Open Food Sci. J., 2: 68-71.
65. Dean, L. L., Leavens, J. B. and Boyd, L. C. 2010. "Processing Effects on the Flavor and Quality of Blueberries". In Flavors in Noncarbonated Beverages, ACS Symposium Series, Edited by: da Costa, N. C. and Cannon, R. J. Vol. 1036, 129-141. Washington, D.C.: ACS. Ch. 10
66. Degenhardt, A. and Winterhalter, P. 2001. "HSCCC-A Powerful Tool for the Preparative Isolation of Bioactive Compounds". In Biologically-Active Phytochemicals in Food, Edited by: Pfannhauser, W., Fenwick, G.R. and Khokhar, S. 143-146. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
67. Del Valle, J. M., de la Fuente, J. C. and Cardarelli, D. A. 2005. Contributions to supercritical extraction of vegetable substrates in Latin America. J. Food Eng., 67(1-2): 35-57.
68. Delgado-Vargas, F., Jimenez, A. R. and Paredes-López, D. 2000. Natural Pigments: Carotenoides, Anthocyanins and Betalains-Characteristics, Biosynthesis, Processing and Stability. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 40(3): 173-289.
69. Di, D. L., Zheng, Y. Y., Chen, X. F., Huang, X. Y. and Feng, S. L. 2011. Advances in Application of High-Speed Counter Current Chromatography in Separation and Purification of Flavonoids. Chin. J. Anal. Chem., 39(2): 269-275.
70. 2 Extraction and Purification of Compounds with Antioxidant Activity. J. Agric. Food Chem., 54(7): 2441-2469.
71. Dimitrios, B. 2006. Sources of Natural Phenolic Antioxidants. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 17(9): 505-512.
72. Djordjevic, B., Savikin, K., Zdunic, G., Jankovic, T., Vulic, T., Oparnika, C. and Radivojevic, D. 2010. Biochemical Properties of Red Currant Varieties in Relation to Storage. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 65: 326-332.
73. Dowham, A. and Collins, P. 2000. Colouring Our Foods in the Last and Next Millennium. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 35(1): 5-22.
74. Downey, M. O., Dokoozlian, N. K. and Krstic, M. P. 2006. Cultural Practice and Environmental Impacts on the Flavonoid Composition of Grapes aWine: A Review of Recent Research. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 57(3): 257-268.
75. Du, Q. 2011. The Features of Rapid Counter-Current Chromatographic Separations. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 34(18): 2074-2084.
76. Dumont, E., Georges, M., Fulchic, R., Vanhoenacker, G., David, F. and Sandra, P. 2010. Determination of Various Wine Constituents Using Direct Injection, Automated Off-Line Solid Phase Extraction, and Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Combination with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Focus Food Anal., 21(3): 13-16.
77. Escarpa, A. and González, M. C. 2001. An Overview of Analytical Chemistry of Phenolic Compounds in Foods. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 31(2): 57-139.
78. Escribano-Bailón, M. and Santos-Buelga, C. 2003. "Polyphenol Extraction from Foods". In Methods in Polyphenol Analysis, Edited by: Santos-Buelga, C. and Williamson, G. 1-16. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry. Ch.1
79. Escribano-Bailón, M., Santos-Buelga, C. and Rivas-Gonzalo, J. C. 2004. Anthocyanins in Cereals. Review. J. Chromatogr. A, 1054(1-2): 129-141.
80. Escudero, M. 2011. Oliva Oil Aroma Evaluation by Gas Chromatographic Method: A Critical Review. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 41(1): 70-80.
81. Eskilsson, C. S. and Björklund, E. 2000. Analytical-Scale Microwave-Assisted Extraction. J. Chromatogr. A, 902(1): 227-250.
82. Estevez, L., Otero, N. and Mosquera, R. A. 2010. A Computational Study on the Acidity Dependence on Radical-Scavenging Mechanisms of Anthocyanidins. J. Phys. Chem. B, 114(29): 9706-9712.
83. Fanali, F. C., D'Orazio, G., Lirangi, M., Dacha, M., Dugo, P. and Mondello, L. 2011. Analysis of Anthocyanins in Commercial Fruit Juices by Using Nano-Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV-vis Detector. J. Sep. Sci., 34(2): 150-159.
84. Ferretti, G., Bacchetti, T., Belleggia, A. and Neri, D. 2010. Cherry Antioxidants: From Farm to Table. Molecules, 15(10): 6993-7005.
85. Flamini, R., Agnolin, F., Seraglia, R., Rosso, M. D., Panighel, A., Marchi, F. D., Vedova, A. D. and Traldi, P. A. 2012. Fast and Selective Method for Anthocyanin Profiling of Red Wines by Direct-Infusion Pneumatic Spray Mass Spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 26(3): 355-362.
86. Fossen, T. and Andersen, O. M. 2006. "Spectroscopic Techniques Applied to Flavonoids". In Flavonoids: Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Applications, Edited by: Andersen, O. M. and Markham, K. R. 37-142. Boca Raton, Fla.: Taylor and Francis.
87. Foucoult, A. P. and Chevolot, L. 1998. Counter-Current Chromatography: Instrumentation, Solvent Selection and Some Recent Applications to Natural Product Purification. J. Chromatogr. A, 808(1-2): 3-22.
88. Francis, F. J. and Markakis, P. C. 1989. Food Colorants: Anthocyanins. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 28(4): 273-314.
89. Freitas, V. de and Mateus, N. 2006. Chemical Transformations of Anthocyanins Yielding a Variety of Colour (Review). Environ. Chem. Lett., 4(3): 175-183.
90. Fu, X., Liao, Y. and Liu, H. 2005. Sample Preparation for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 381(1): 75-77.
91. Galleano, M., Verstraeten, S. V., Oteiza, P. I. and Fraga, C. G. 2010. Antioxidant Actions of Flavonoids: Thermodynamics and Kinetic Analysis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 501(1): 23-30.
92. García-López, M., Canosa, P. and Rodriguez, I. 2008. Trends and Recent Applications of Matrix Solid-Phase Dispersion. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 391(3): 963-974.
93. García-Salas, P., Morales-Soto, A., Segura-Carretero, A. and Fernández-Gutiérrez, A. 2010. Phenolic-Compound-Extraction Systems for Fruit and Vegetable Samples. Molecules, 15(12): 8813-8826.
94. Garzon, G. A. 2008. Las antocianinas como colorantes naturales y compuestos bioactivos: Revision. Acta Biológ. Colombiana, 13(3): 27-36.
95. Ghafoor, K., Al-Juhaimi, F. and Choi, Y. H. 2011. Effects of Grape (Vitis labrusca B.) Peel and Seed Extracts on Phenolics, Antioxidants and Anthocyanins in Grape Juice. Pak. J. Bot., 43(3): 1581-1586.
96. Ghosh, D. and Konishi, T. K. 2007. Anthocyanin and Anthocyanin-Rich Extracts: Role in Diabetes and Eye Function. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr., 16(2): 200-208.
97. Giampieri, F., Tulipani, S., Alvarez-Suarez, J. M., Quiles, J. L., Mezzetti, B. and Battino, M. 2012. The Strawberry: Composition, Nutritional Quality, and Impact on Human Health. Nutrition, 28(1): 9-19.
98. Giergielewicz-Mozajska, H., Dabrowski, L. and Namiesnik, J. 2001. Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) in the Analysis of Environmental Solid Samples-Some Aspects of Theory and Practice. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 31(3): 149-165.
99. Giusti, M. M. and Jing, P. 2008. "Analysis of Anthocyanins". In Food Colorants: Chemical and Functional Properties, Edited by: Socaciu, C. 479-506. Boca Raton, Fla.: Taylor & Francis. Ch. 6.3
100. Giusti, M. M. and Wrolstad, R. E. 2003. Acylated Anthocyanins from Edible Sources and Their Applications in Food Systems. Biochem. Eng. J., 14(3): 217-225.
101. Gollücke, A. P. 2010. Recent Applications of Grape Polyphenols in Foods, Beverages and Supplements. Recent Patents Food Nutr. Agric., 2(2): 105-109.
102. Gonzalez, M. and Gonzalez, V. 2010. Sample Preparation of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Biowastes to Determine Antioxidant Phytochemicals. Anal. Methods, 2(12): 1842-1846.
103. Gupta, V. K., Kumria, R., Garg, M. and Gupta, M. 2010. Recent Updates on Free Radicals Scavenging Flavonoids: An Overview. Asian J. Plant Sci., 9(3): 108-117.
104. Gurib-Fakim, A. 2006. Medicinal Plants: Traditions of Yesterday and Drugs of Tomorrow. Mol. Aspects Med., 27(1): 1-93.
105. Hager, T. J., Howard, L. R. and Prior, R. L. 2008. Processing and Storage Effects on Monomeric Anthocaynins. Percent Polymeric Color, and Antioxidant Capacity of Processed Blackberry Products. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56(3): 689-695.
106. Handa, S. S., Khanuja, S. P. S., Longo, G. and Rakesh, D. D. 2008. Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Trieste, Italy: ICS-UNIDO. United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the International Centre for Science and High Technology
107. Hannum, S. M. 2004. Potential Impact of Strawberries on Human Health: A Review of the Science. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 44(1): 1-17.
108. Harborne, J. B. 1964. Biochemistry of Phenolic Compounds, Edited by: Harborne, J. B. 77London: Academic Press.
109. Harborne, J. B. 1967. The Comparative Biochemistry of the Flavonoids, New York: Academic Press.
110. Harborne, J. B. 1994. Foreword. Phytochemistry, 37(1): 1
111. Harborne, J. B. and Grayer, R. J. 1988. "The Anthocyanins". In The Flavonoids, Edited by: Harborne, J. B. New York: Chapman & Hall.
112. Harnly, J. M., Bhagwat, S. and Lin, L. Z. 2007. Profiling Methods for the Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Foods and Dietary Supplements. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 389(1): 47-61.
113. Hartmanova, L. 2010. Fast Profiling of an Anthocyanin in Wine by Desorption Nano-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217(25): 4223-4228.
114. He, J. and Giusti, M. 2010. Anthocyanins: Natural Colorants with Health-Promoting Properties. Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol., 1(1): 163-187.
115. He, J., Carvalho, A. R. F., Mateus, N. and De Freitas, V. 2010. Spectral Features and Stability of Oligomeric Pyranoanthocyanin-Flavanol Pigments Isolated from Red Wines. J. Food Agric. Chem., 58(6): 9249-9258.
116. Hernández-Borges, J., Borges-Miguel, T. M., Rodríguez-Delgado, M. A. and Cifuentes, A. 2007. Sample Treatment Prior to Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1153(1-2): 214-226.
117. Herrador, M. A., Jiménez, A. M. and Asuero, A. G. 1987. Spectrophotometric Determination of Zinc in Potable Waters and Insuline with Methylglyoxal Bis(4-phenyl-3-thiosemicarbazone). Analyst, 112(9): 1237-1246.
118. Herrero, M., Cifuentes, A. and Ibañez, I. 2006. Sub- and Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Functional Ingredients from Different Natural Sources: Plants, Food-By-Products, Algae and Microalgae: A Review. Food Chem., 98(1): 136-148.
119. Herrero, M., Mendiola, J. A., Cifuentes, A. and Ibañez, E. 2010. Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Recent Advances and Applications. J. Chromatogr. A, 1217(16): 2495-2511.
120. Hollman, P. C. H., Cassidy, A., Comte, B., Heinonen, M., Richelle, M., Richling, E., Serafini, M., Scalbert, A., Sies, M. and Vidri, S. 2011. The Biological Relevance of Direct Antioxidant Effects of Polyphenols for Cardiovascular Health in Humans Is Not Established. J. Nutr., 141(5): 989S-1009S.
121. Horbowicz, M., Kosson, R., Grzensink, A. and Debski, H. 2008. Anthocyanin of Fruits and Vegetables-Their Occurrence, Analysis and Role in Human Nutrition. Vegetable Crops Res. Bull., 68: 5-22.
122. Hostettmann, K. and Wolfender, J. L. 1999. Rapid Determination of Plant Glycoisdes by LC/MS and LC/NMR. Stud. Plant Sci., 6(C): 233-260.
123. Hou, D. X. 2003. Potential Mechanisms of Cancer Chemoprevention by Anthocyanins. Curr. Mol. Med., 3(2): 149-159.
124. Howard, L. R., Prior, R. L., Lyanage, R. and Lay, J. O. 2012. Processing and Storage Effect on Berry Polyphenols: Challenges and Implications for Bioactive Properties. J. Agric. Food. Chem., doi: 10.1021/Jf2046575
125. Huang, W. Y., Cai, Y. Z. and Zhang, Y. 2010. Natural Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Herbs and Dietary Plants: Potential Use for Cancer Prevention. Nutr. Cancer, 62(1): 1-20.
126. Huck, C. W., Buchmeiser, M. R. and Bonn, G. K. 2002. Fast Analysis of Flavonoids in Plant Extracts by Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Absorbance Detection on Poly(carboxylic acid)-Coated Silica and Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometric Detection. J. Chromatogr. A, 943(1): 33-38.
127. Huie, C. W. 2002. A Review of Modern-Sample Preparation Techniques for the Extraction and Analysis of Medicinal Plants. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 373(1-2): 23-30.
128. Hummer, K. E. 2010. Rubus Pharmacology: Antiquity to the Present. HortScience, 45(11): 1587-1591.
129. Hyötyläinen, T. 2009. Critical Evaluation of Sample Pretreatment Samples. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 393(3): 797-807.
130. Ibañez, E., Herreo, M., Martin-Alvarez, P. J., Señoran, F. J., Reglero, G. and Cifuentes, A. 2006. "Accelerated Solvent Extraction: A New Procedure to Obtain Functional Ingredients from Natural Sources". In Modern Extraction Techniques, 65-78. Washington, D.C.: ACS Symposium Series 929; ACS. Ch. 5
131. Ignat, I., Volf, I. and Popa, V. I. 2011. A Critical Review of Methods for Characterisation of Polyphenolic Compounds in Fruits and Vegetables. Food Chem., 126(4): 1821-1835.
132. Irina, I. and Mohamed, G. 2012. "Biological Activities and Effects of Food Processing on Flavonoids as Phenolic Antioxidants". In Advances in Applied Biotechnology, Edited by: Petre, M. 101-124. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech.
133. Ito, Y. 2005a. Origin and Evolution of the Coil Planet Centrifuge: A Personal Reflection of My 40 Years of CCC Research And Development. Sep. Purif. Rev., 34(2): 131-154.
134. Ito, Y. 2005b. Golden Rules and Pitfalls in Selecting Optimum Conditions for High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 1065(2): 145-168.
135. Jackman, R. L., Yada, R. Y. and Tung, M. A. 1987. A Review: Separation and Chemical Properties of Anthocyanins Used for Their Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis. J. Food Biochem., 11(4): 279-308.
136. Jain, T., Pandey, R. and Shukila, S. S. 2009. Microwave Assisted Extraction for Phytoconstituents: An Overview. Asian J. Res. Chem., 2(1): 19-25.
137. Jakubowska, N., Polkowska, Z., Namiesnik, J. and Przyjazny, A. 2005. Analytical Applications of Membrane Extraction for Biomedical and Environmental Liquid Sample Preparation. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 35: 217-235.
138. Jiang, W. W. and Ren, G. F. 2009. Review on Anti-tumor Effect of Anthocyanin. Food Sci., 30(9): 281-284. (Beijing)
139. Jimenez, C. Del C., Flores, C. S., He, J., Tian, Q., Schwartz, S. J. and Giusti, M. M. 2011. Characterization and Preliminary Bioactivity Determination of Berberis boliviana Lechler Fruit Anthocyanins. Food Chem., 128(3): 717-724.
140. Jing, P. and Giusti, M. M. 2011. "Contribution of Berry Anthocyanins to Their Chemopreventive Properties". In Berries and Cancer Prevention, Edited by: Stoner, G. D. and Seeram, N. P. 3-40. New York: Springer. Ch. 1
141. Jones, W. P. and Kinghorn, A. D. 2005. Natural Product Isolation: Extraction of Plant Secondary Metabolites. Methods Biotechnol., 20: 323-351.
142. Jordheim, M. 2007. Isolation, identification and properties of pyranoanthocyanins and anthocyanin forms, University of Bergen. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Chemistry
143. Joshi, Y. and Goyal, B. 2011. Anthocyanins: A Lead for Anticancer Drugs. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Chem., 1(4): 1119-1126.
144. Kammerer, D. R. and Carle, R. 2007. Current and Emerging Methods for the Recovery, Purification and Fractionation of Polyphenols from Fruit and Vegetable By-Products. Fruit Process., 17(2): 89-94.
145. Kammerer, D. and Carle, R. 2008. Process Strategies for the Recovery and Isolation of Phenolic Compounds from Winery By-Products. Electron. J. Environ. Agric. Food Chem., 7(8): 3226-3230.
146. Kammerer, D. R., Schieber, A. and Carle, R. 2005. Characterization and Recovery of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Pomace: A Review. J. Appl. Bot. Food Qual., 79(3): 189-196.
147. Kartsova, L. A. and Alekseeva, A. V. 2008. Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods for Determining Polyphenol Compounds. J. Anal. Chem., 63(11): 1024-1033.
148. Kataoka, H. 2003. New Trends in Sample Preparation for Clinical and Pharmaceutical Analysis. Trends Anal. Chem., 22(4): 232-244.
149. Kataoka, H. 2010. New Trends in Sample Preparation for Analysis of Plant-Derived Medicines. Curr. Org. Chem., 14(6): 1698-1713.
150. Kaufmann, B. and Christen, P. 2002. Recent Extraction Techniques for Natural Products: Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Pressurized Solvent Extraction. Phytochem. Anal., 13(2): 105-113.
151. Kaume, L., Howard, L. R. and Devareddy, L. 2012. The Blackberry Fruit: A Review of Its Composition and Chemistry, Metabolism and Bioavailability, and Health Effects. J. Agr. Food Chem., 60(23): 5716-5727.
152. Kennedy, J. A., Saucier, C. and Glories, Y. 2006. Grape and Wine Phenolics: History and Perspective. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 57(3): 239-248.
153. Kesarkar, S., Bhandage, A., Deshmukh, S., Shevkar, K. and Abhyankar, M. 2009. Flavonoids: An Overview. J. Pharm. Res., 2(6): 1148-1154.
154. King, J. W. 2006. "Pressurized Water Extraction: Resources and Techniques for Optimizing Analytical Applications". In Modern Extraction Techniques, Edited by: Turner, C. 79-95. Washington, D.C.: ACS Symposium Series 926; ACS. Ch. 6
155. Kivilompolo, M. 2009. Development of sample pretreatment and liquid chromatographic techniques for antioxidative compounds, University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry. Ph.D. Thesis
156. Koel, M. and Kaljurand, M. 2010. Green Analytical Chemistry, Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
157. Kole, P. L., Venkatesh, G., Kotecha, J. and Sheshala, R. 2011. Recent Advances in Sample Preparation Techniques for Effective Bioanalytical Methods. Biomed. Chromatogr., 25(1-2): 199-217.
158. Kong, J. M., Chia, L. S., Goh, N. K., Chia, T. F. and Brouillard, R. 2003. Analysis and Biological Activities of Anthocyanins. Phytochemistry, 64(5): 923-933.
159. Kowalczyk, E., Krzesinski, P., Kura, M., Szmigiel, B. and Blaszcyk, J. 2003. Anthocyanins in Medicine. Pol. J. Pharmacol., 55: 699-702.
160. Kumar, A. and Malik, A. K. 2009. A Review on the Hyphenation of Solid Phase Microextraction with Capillary Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 39(2): 81-88.
161. Kuskoski, E. M., Fett, R. and Asuero, A. G. 2002. Antocianos: Un grupo de pigmentos naturales. Aislamiento, identificación y propiedades. Alimentaria, 339(10): 61-74.
162. Kuskoski, E. M., Vega, J. M., Rios, J. J., Fett, R., Troncoso, A. M. and Asuero, A. G. 2003. Characterization of Anthocyanins from the Fruits of Baguaçu (Eugenia umbelliflora Berg). J. Food Agric. Chem., 51(18): 5450-5454.
163. Kuskoski, E. M., Asuero, A. G., García-Parrilla, M. C., Troncoso, A. M. and Fett, R. 2004. Actividad antioxidante de pigmentos antociánicos. Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. Campinas, 24(4): 691-693.
164. Kuskoski, E. M., Asuero, A., Troncoso, A. M., Mancini-Filho, J. M. and Fett, R. 2005. Aplicación de diversos métodos químicos para determinar actividad antioxidante en pulpa de frutos. Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. Campinas, 25(4): 726-732.
165. Kuskoski, E. M., Asuero, A. G., Morales, M. T. and Fett, R. 2006a. Frutos tropicais silvestres e polpas de frutas congeladas: Actividade antioxidante, polifenóis e antocianinas. Cienc. Rural (Santa María), 36(4): 1283-1287.
166. FL) de pulpas de frutos congelados. Nutrire, 31(1): 53-64.
167. Lang, Q. and Wai, C. M. 2001. Supercritical Fluid Extraction in Herbal and Natural Product Studies: A Practical Review. Talanta, 53(4): 771-782.
168. Laroze, L., Diaz-Reinoso, B., Moure, A., Zuñiga, M. and Dominguez, H. 2010. Extraction of Antioxidants from Several Berries Pressing Wastes Using Conventional and Supercritical Solvents. Eur. Food. Res. Technol., 231(5): 669-677.
169. Lee, H. S. and Hong, V. 1992. Chromatographic Analysis of Anthocyanins. J. Chromatogr. A, 624(1-2): 221-234.
170. Leopoldini, M., Russo, N. and Toscano, M. 2011. The Molecular Basis of Working Mechanism of Natural Polyphenolic Antioxidants. Food Chem., 125(2): 288-306.
171. Letellier, M. and Budzinski, H. 1999. Microwave Assisted Extraction of Organic Compounds. Analusis, 27(3): 259-271.
172. Li, J. and Jiang, Y. 2007. Litchi Flavonoids: Isolation, Identification and Biological Activity. Molecules, 12(4): 745-758.
173. Li, K. M., Rivori, L. P. and Clarke, S. J. 2006. Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) Techniques for Sample Preparation in Clinical and Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Brief Overview. Curr. Pharm. Anal., 2(2): 95-102.
174. Lichon, M. J. 1992. Sample Preparation for Chromatographic Analysis of Food. J. Chromatogr. A, 624(1-2): 3-9.
175. Lila, M. A. 2004. Anthocyanins and Human Health: An in Vitro Investigative Approach. J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 5: 306-313.
176. Lin, L. Z., Harnly, J. M., Pasto-Corrles, M. S. and Luthira, D. L. 2008. The Poliphenolic Profiles of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Food Chem, 107(1): 399-410.
177. Liu, E. H., Qi, L. W., Cao, J., Li, P., Li, C. Y. and Peng, Y. B. 2008. Advances of Modern Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Methods in Separation and Analysis of Flavonoids. Molecules, 13(10): 2521-2544.
178. Lopes, T. J., Quadri, M. G. N. and Quadri, M. B. 2007. Recovery of Anthocyanins from Red Cabbage Using Sandy Porous Medium Enriched with Clay. Appl. Clay Sci., 37(1-2): 97-106.
179. Luthria, D. L. 2006. Significance of Sample Preparation in Developing Analytical Metodologies for Accurate Estimation of Bioactive Compounds in Functional Foods. J. Sci. Food Agric., 86(14): 2266-2272.
180. Luthria, D. L. and Natarajan, S. S. 2009. Influence of Sample Preparation of the Assay of Isoflavones. Planta Med., 75(7): 704-710.
181. Maier, T., Fromm, M., Schiever, A., Kammerer, D. R. and Carle, R. 2009. Process and Storage Stability of Anthocyanins and Non-Anthocyanins Phenolics in Pectin and Gelatin Gels Enriched with Grape Pomace Extracts. Eur. Food Res. Technol., 229(6): 949-960.
182. Majewska, M., Krosowiak, K., Raj, A. and Smigielski, K. 2008. Solid Phase Extraction in Food Analysis. Sci. Bull. Tech. Univ. Lodz, 72: 5-13.
183. Majors, R. E. 1999. An Overview of Sample Preparation Methods for Solids. LC-GC, 17: S8-S13.
184. Majors, R. E. 2003. Trends in Sample Preparation. LC-GC Eur., 16(2): 2-8.
185. Majors, R. E. 2007. Advanced Topics in Solid-Phase Extraction: Chemistries. LC-GC North Am., 25(1): 12
186. Mandal, V., Mohan, Y. and Hemalatha, S. 2007. Microwave Assisted Extraction-An Innovative and Promising Extraction Tool for Medicinal Plant Research. Pharmacogn. Rev., 1(1): 7-18.
187. Maróstica Junior, M. R. M., Leite, A. V. and Dragano, N. R. V. 2010. Superciritcal Fluid Extraction and Stabilization of Phenolic Compounds from Natural Sources-Review. Open Chem. Eng. J., 4: 51-60.
188. Marr, R. and Gamse, T. 2000. Use of Supercritical Fluids for Different Processes Including New Developments-A Review. Chem. Eng. Process., 39: 19-28.
189. Marston, A. and Hostettmann, K. 1991. Modern Separation Methods. Nat. Prod. Rep., 8(4): 391-413.
190. Marston, A. and Hostettmann, K. 2006a. Developments in the Application of Counter-Current Chromatography to Plant Analysis. J. Chromatogr. A, 1112(1-2): 181-194.
191. Marston, A. and Hostettmann, K. 2006b. "Separation and Quantitication of Flavonoids". In Flavonoids Chemistry, Biochemistry and Applications, Edited by: Andersen, O. M. and Markham, K. R. 1-36. Boca Raton, Fla: Taylor and Francis.
192. Marston, A. and Hostettmann, K. 2009. Natural Product Analysis over the Last Decades. Planta Med., 75(7): 672-682.
193. Marszall, M. P. and Kaliszan, R. 2007. Applications of Ionic Liquids in Liquid Chromatography. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 37(2): 127-140.
194. Mateus, N. 2009. A quimica dos sabores do vinho-Os polyphenols. Rev. Real Acad. Gallega Cienc., 28: 5-22.
195. Mazza, G. 2007. Anthocyanins and Heart Health. Annal. Istit. Superiori Sanita, 43(4): 369-375.
196. Mazza, G. and Brouillard, R. 1987. Recent Developments in the Stabilization of Anthocyanin in Food Products. Food Chem., 25(3): 207-225.
197. Mazza, G. and Francis, F. J. 1995. Anthocyanins in Grapes and Grape Products. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 35(4): 341-371.
198. Mazza, G. J. and Kay, C. D. 2008. "Bioactivity, Absorption and Metabolism of Anthocyanins". In Recent Advances in Polyphenol Research, Edited by: Daayf, F. and Lattancio, V. Vol. 1, 228-316. Chichester: Blackwell. Ch. 10
199. Mazza, G., Cacace, J. E. and Kay, D. C. 2004. Methods of Analysis for Anthocyanins in Plants and Biological Fluids. J. AOAC Int., 87(1): 129-145.
200. McCune, L. M., Kubota, C., Stendell-Hollis, N. R. and Thomson, C. A. 2011. Cherries and Health: A Review. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 51(1): 1-12.
201. McGhie, T. K. and Walton, M. C. 2007. The Bioavailability and Absorption of Anthocyanins: Towards a Better Understanding. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 51(6): 702-713.
202. McKay, D. L. and Blumberg, J. B. 2007. Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Nutr. Rev., 65(11): 490-502.
203. Medić-Šaric, M., Rastija, V., Bojić, M. and Maleš, Z. 2009. From Functional Food to Medicinal Product: Systematic Approach in Analysis of Polyphenolics from Propolis and Wine. Nutr. J., 8(33): 1-18.
204. Melo, M. J., Pina, F. and Andary, C. 2009. "Anthocyanins: Nature's Glamorous Palete". In Handbook of Natural Colorants, Edited by: Bechtold, T and Mussak, R. 134-150. Chichester, UK: Wiley.
205. Mendiola, J. A., Herrero, M., Cifuentes, A. and Ibañez, E. R. 2007. Use of Compressed Fluids for Sample Preparation: Foods Applications. J. Chromatogr. A, 1152(1-2): 234-246.
206. Meulenberg, E. P. 2009. Phenolics: Occurrence and Immunochemical Detection in Environment and Food. Molecules, 14(1): 439-473.
207. Michalczyk, M., Macura, R. and Matuszak, I. 2009. The Effect of Air-Drying, Freeze-Drying and Storage on the Quality and Antioxidant Activity of Some Selected Berries. J. Food Process. Preserv., 33(1): 11-21.
208. Miguel, M. G. 2011. Anthocyanins: Antioxidant and/or Anti-inflammatory Activities. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci., 1(6): 7-15.
209. Miller, M. G. and Shukitt-Hale, B. 2012. Berry Fruit Enhances Beneficial Signaling in the Brain. J. Agric. Food Chem., 60(23): 5709-5715.
210. Mohanachandran, P. S., Sindhumol, P. G. and Kiran, T. S. 2010. Enhancement of Solubility and Dissolution Rate: An Overview. Int. J. Compr. Pharm., 1(4): 1-10.
211. Morales-Muñoz, S., Luque-García, J. C. and de Castro, M. D. L. 2003. Approaches for Accelerating Sample Preparation in Environmental Analysis. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(4): 391-421.
212. Morand, C., Manach, C., Donovan, J. and Remesy, C. 2001. Preparation and Characterization of Flavonoid Metabolites Present in Biological Samples. Methods Enzymol., 335: 115-125.
213. Mortensen, A. 2006. Carotenoids and Other Pigments as Natural Colorants. Pure Appl. Chem., 78(8): 1477-1491.
214. Motohashi, N., Nagashima, H. and Parkanyi, C. 2000. Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Analysis of Pesticide Residues in Miscellaneous Samples. J. Biophys. Biochem. Methods, 43(1-3): 313-328.
215. Mullen, W., Larcombe, S., Arnold, K., Welchman, H. and Crozier, A. 2010. Use of Accurate Mass Full/Scan Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Anthocyanins in Berries and Berry-Fed Tissues. J. Agric. Food Chem., 58(7): 3910-3915.
216. Mullet, W. M. 2007. Determination of Drugs in Biological Fluids by Direct Injection of Samples for Liquid-Chromatographic Analysis. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 70(2): 263-273.
217. Musialik, M., Kuzmicz, R., Pawlowski, T. S. and Litwinienko, G. 2009. Acidity of Hydroxyl Groups: An Overlooked Influence on Antiradical Properties of Flavonoids. J. Org. Chem., 74(7): 2699-2709.
218. Mustafa, A. and Turner, C. 2011. Pressurized Liquid Extraction as a Green Approach in Food and Herbal Extraction. Anal. Chim. Acta, 703(1): 8-18.
219. Naczk, M. and Shahidi, F. 2004. Extraction and Analysis of Phenolics in Foods. J. Chromatogr. A, 1054(1-2): 95-111.
220. Naczk, M. and Shahidi, F. 2006. Phenolics in Cereals, Fruits and Vegetables: Occurrence, Extraction and Analysis. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 41(5): 1523-1542.
221. Namiesnik, J. and Górecki, T. 2000. Sample Preparation for Chromatographic Analysis of Plant Material. J. Planar Chromatogr., 13(6): 404-413.
222. Neto, C. C. 2007. Cranberry and Blueberry: Evidence for Protective Effects against Cancer and Vascular Diseases. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 51(6): 652-664.
223. Novakova, L. and Vlckova, H. 2009. A Review of Current Trends and Advances in Modern Bio-Analytical Methods: Chromatography and Sample Preparation. Anal. Chim. Acta, 656(1-2): 8-35.
224. Nyiredy, S. 2004. Separation Strategies of Plant Constituents-Current Status. J. Chromatogr. B, 812(1-2): 35-51.
225. Oancea, S. and Oprean, L. 2011. Anthocyanins, from Biosynthesis in Plants to Human Health Benefits. Acta Univ. Cibiniensis Ser. E Food Technol., 15(1): 3-16.
226. Ong, E. S. 2004. Extraction Methods and Chemical Standardization of Botanicals and Herbal Preparations. J. Chromatogr. B, 812(1-2): 22-33.
227. Ong, E. S., Cheong, J. S. H. and Goh, D. 2006. Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Bioactive or Marker Compounds in Botanical and Medicinal Plant Materials. J. Chromatogr. A, 1112(1-2): 92-102.
228. Pan, Y. and Lu, Y. 2007. Recent Progress in Countercurrent Chromatography. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 30(5-7): 649-679.
229. Panagiotopolou, P. M. and Tsimidou, M. 2002. Solid Phase Extraction: Applications to the Chromatographic Analysis of Vegetable Oils and Facts. Grasas Aceites, 53(1): 84-95.
230. Pappas, E. and Schaich, K. M. 2009. Phytochemicals of Cranberries and Cranberry Products: Characterization, Potential, Health Effects, and Processing Stability. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 49(9): 741-781.
231. Paredes-López, O., Cervantes-Ceja, M. L., Vigna-Pérez, M. and Hernández-Pérez, T. 2010. Berries: Improving Human Health and Healthy Aging, and Promoting Quality Life-A Review. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 65(3): 299-308.
232. Pascual-Teresa, S. and Sánchez-Ballesta, M. T. 2008. Anthocyanins: From Plant to Health. Phytochem. Rev., 7(2): 281-299.
233. Pascual-Teresa, S. de, Moreno, D. A. and García-Viguera, C. 2010. Flavanols and Anthocyanins in Cardiovascular Health, a Review of Current Evidence. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11(4): 1679-1703.
234. Patras, A., Brunton, N. P., O'Donnel, C. and Tiwari, B. K. 2010. Effect of Thermal Processing on Anthocyanin Stability in Foods; Mechanisms and Kinetics Of Degradation. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 21(1): 3-11.
235. Pavlovic, D. M., Babic, S., Horvat, A. J. M. and Kastelan-Macan, M. 2007. Sample Preparation in Analysis of Pharmaceuticals. Trends Anal. Chem., 26(11): 1062-1075.
236. Pawliszyn, J. 2003. Sample Preparation: Quo Vadis?. Anal. Chem., 75(11): 2543-2558.
237. Pereira, C. G. and Meireles, A. A. 2010. Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds: Fundamentals, Applications and Economic Perspectives. Food Bioprocess Technol., 3(3): 340-372.
238. Pereira, D. M., Valentao, P., Pereira, J. A. and Andrade, P. B. 2009. Phenolics: From Chemistry to Biology. Molecules, 14(6): 2202-2211.
239. Perez-Gregorio, M. R., Gonzalez-Barrero, G. and Rial-Otero, R. 2011. Changes in Antioxidant Flavonoids during Freeze-Drying of Red Onions and Subsequent Storage. Food Control, 22(7): 1108-1113.
240. Perron, N. R. and Brumaghim, J. L. 2009. A Review of Antioxidant Mechanisms of Polyphenol Compounds Related to Iron Binding. Cell Biochem. Biophys., 53(2): 75-100.
241. Petti, S. and Sculby, C. 2009. Polyphemos, Oral Health and Disease: A Review. J. Dent., 37(6): 413-423.
242. Pfeiffer, P. and Hegedus, A. 2011. Review of the Molecular Genetics of Flavonoids Biosynthesis in Fruits. Acta Aliment., 40: 150-163.
243. Piett, P. and Mauri, P. 2001. Analysis of Flavonoids in Medicinal Plants. Methods Enzymol., 335: 26-45.
244. Pina, F., Petrov, V. and Laia, C. A. T. 2012a. Photochromism of Flavylium Systems. An Overview of a Versatile Multistate System. Dyes Pigm., 92(2): 877-889.
245. Pina, F., Melo, M. J., Laia, C. A. T., Parola, A. J. and Lima, J. C. 2012b. Chemistry and Applications of Flavylium Compounds: A Handful of Colour. Chem. Soc. Rev., 41(2): 869-908.
246. Piovan, A. and Filippini, R. 2007. Anthocyanins in Catharanthus roseus in Vivo and in Vitro: A Review. Phytochem. Rev., 6(2-3): 235-242.
247. Pohl, P., Sergiel, I. and Stecka, H. 2009. Determination and Fractionation of Metals in Honey. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 39(4): 276-288.
248. Poole, C. F. 2003. New Trends in Solid-Phase Extraction. Trends Anal. Chem., 22(6): 362-373.
249. Prior, R. L. and Wu, X. 2006. Anthocyanins: Structural Characteristics That Result in Unique Metabolic Patterns and Biological Activities. Free Radic. Res., 40(10): 1014-1028.
250. Pyrzynska, K. and Pekal, A. 2011. Flavonoids as Analytical Reagents. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 41(4): 335-345.
251. Quina, F. H., Moreira, P. F., Vautier-Giongo, C., Rettori, D., Rodrigues, R. F., Freitas, A. A., Silva, P. F. and Maçanita, A. L. 2009. Photochemistry of Anthocyanins and Their Biological Role in Plant Tissues. Pure Appl. Chem., 81(9): 1687-1694.
252. Ramos, L., Kristenson, E. M. and Brinkman, U. A. T. 2002. Current Use of Pressurized Liquid Extraction and Subcritical Water Extraction in Environmental Analysis. J. Chromatogr. A, 975(1): 3-29.
253. Rao, A. V. and Snyder, D. M. 2010. Raspberries and Human Health: A Review. J. Food Agric. Chem., 58(7): 3871-3883.
254. Rawa-Adkonis, M., Wolska, L. and Namiesnik, J. 2003. Modern Techniques of Extraction of Organic Analytes from Environmental Matrices. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 33(3): 199-248.
255. Reed, J. 2002. Cranberry Flavonoids, Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Health. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 42(3): 301-316.
256. Reighard, T. S. and Olesik, S. V. 1996. Bridging the Gap between Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Liquid Extraction Techniques: Alternative Approaches to the Extraction of Solid and Liquid Environmental Matrices. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 26(2-3): 61-99.
257. Requena, T., Monagas, M., Pozo-Bayón, M. A., Martín-Alvarez, P. J., Bartolomé, B., del Campo, R., Avila, M., Martínez-Cesta, M. C., Pelaez, C. and Moreno-Arribas, M. V. 2010. Perspectives of the Potential Implications of Wine Polyphenols on Human Oral and Gut Microbiota. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 21(7): 332-344.
258. Reverchon, E. and de Marco, I. 2006. Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Fractionation of Natural Matter. J. Supercrit. Fluids, 38(2): 146-166.
259. Ridgway, K., Lalljie, S. P. D. and Smith, R. M. 2007. Sample Preparation Techniques of Trace Residues and Contaminants in Foods. J. Chromatogr. A, 1153(1-2): 36-53.
260. Rijke, E. de. 2005. Trace-level determination of flavonoids and their conjugates. Application to plants of the Leguminosae family, Amsterdam: Wrije University. Ph.D. Dissertation
261. Rijke, E. de, Out, P., Niessen, W. M. A., Ariese, F., Gooier, C. and Brinkman, U. A. 2006. Th. Analytical Separation and Detection Methods for Flavonoids. J. Chromatogr. A, 1112(1-2): 31-63.
262. Rinaldo, D., Mbéguie-A-Mbéguie, D. and Fils-Lycaon, B. 2010. Advances on Polyphenols and Their Metabolism in Sub-Tropical and Tropical Fruits. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 21(12): 599-606.
263. Rivas-Gonzalo, J. 2003. "Analysis of Anthocyanins". In Methods in Polyphenol Analysis, Edited by: Santos-Buelga, C. and Williamson, G. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.
264. Robards, K. 2003. Strategies for the Determination of Bioactive Phenols in Plants, Fruits and Vegetables. J. Chromatogr. A, 1000(1-2): 657-691.
265. Robards, K. and Antolovich, M. 1997. Analytical Chemistry of Fruit Bioflavonoids-A Review. Analyst, 122(2): R11-R34.
266. Rodríguez-Medina, I. C., Segura-Carretero, A. and Fernández-Gutíerrez, A. 2009. Use of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection Coupled to Electrospray-Qq-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Direct Characterization of the Phenolic Fraction in Organic Commercial Juices. J. Chromatogr. A, 1216(23): 4736-4744.
267. Rodriguez-Saona, L. and Wrolstad, R. E. 2001. Extraction, Isolation and Purification of Anthocyanins. Curr. Protoc. Food Anal. Chem.,: F1.1-F1.11.
268. Romanik, G., Gilgenast, E., Przyazny, A. and Kaminski, M. 2007. Techniques of Preparing Plant Material for Chromatographic Separation and Analysis. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods, 70(2): 253-261.
269. Rostagno, M. A. and Manchon, N. 2010. Trends in Sample Preparation for the Determination of Phytochemicals in Natural Products. The Column, 6(12): 3-6.
270. Rostagno, M. A., D'Arrigo, M. and Martinez, J. A. 2010. Combinatory and Hyphenated Sample Preparation for the Determination of Bioactive Compounds in Foods. Trends Anal. Chem., 29(6): 553-561.
271. Routray, W. and Orsat, V. 2011a. Blueberries and Their Anthocaynins: Factors Affecting Biosynthesis and Properties. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 10(6): 303-320.
272. Routray, W. and Orsat, V. 2011b. Microwave Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids: A Review. Food Bioprocess Technol., 5(2): 409-424.
273. Ruel, G. and Couillard, C. 2007. Evidences of the Cardioprotective Potential of Fruits: The Case of Cranberries. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 51(6): 692-701.
274. Rymbai, H., Sharma, R. R. and Srivastav, M. S. 2011. Biocolorants and Its Implications in Health and Food Industry-A Review. Int. J. Pharmtech Res., 3(4): 2228-2244.
275. Sacchi, K. L., Bisson, L. F. and Adams, D. O. 2005. A Review on the Effect of Winemaking Techniques on Phenolic Extraction in Red Wines. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 56(3): 197-206.
276. Sandhar, H. K., Kumar, B., Prasher, S., Tiwari, P., Salhan, M. and Sharma, P. A. 2011. Review of Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Flavonoids. Int. Pharm. Sci., 1(1): 25-41.
277. Santana, C. M., Ferrera, Z. S., Padron, M. E. T. and Rodríguez, J. J. S. 2009. Methodologies for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Environmental Samples: New Approaches. Molecules, 14(1): 298-320.
278. Sarker, S. D., Latif, Z. and Gray, A. I. 2005. Natural Products Isolation: An Overview. Methods Biotechnol., 20: 1-25.
279. Schoefs, B. 2004. Determination of Pigments in Vegetables. J. Chromatogr. A, 1054(1-2): 217-226.
280. Schoefs, B. 2005. Plant Pigments: Properties, Analysis, Degradation. Adv. Food Nutr. Res., 49: 41-91.
281. Schreckinger, M. E., Lotton, J., Lila, M. A. and de Mejia, E. G. 2010. Berries from South America: A Comprehensive Review of Chemistry, Health Potential, and Commercialization. J. Med. Food, 13(2): 233-246.
282. Scotter, M. 2010 March. Review and Evaluation of Available Methods of Extraction and Analysis for Approved Natural Colours in Food and Drink, London: Food Standard Agency. Report Number FD10/02
283. Scotter, M. J. 2011a. Emerging and Persistent Issues with Artificial Food Colour: Natural Colour Additivies as Alternatives to Synthetic Colour in Food and Drink. Qual. Assurance Saf. Crops Foods, 3(1): 28-39.
284. Scotter, M. J. 2011b. Methods for the Determination of European Union-Permitted Added Natural Colours in Foods: A Review. Food Addit. Colorants Part A, 28: 527-596.
285. Seeram, N. P. 2008a. Berry Fruits: Composition Elements, Biochemical Activities, and the Impact of Their Intake on Human Health, Performance and Disease. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56(3): 627-629.
286. Seeram, N. P. 2008b. Berry Fruits for Cancer Prevention: Current Status and Future Prospects. J. Agric. Food Chem., 56: 630-635.
287. Seeram, N. P. 2010. Recent Trends and Advances in Berry Health Benefits Research. J. Agric. Food Chem., 58(7): 3869-3870.
288. Seger, C. and Sturm, S. 2007. Analytical Aspects of Plant Metabolite Profiling Platforms: Current Standing and Future Aims. J. Proteome Res., 6(2): 480-487.
289. Sekhon, B. S. 2010. Supercritical Fluid Technology: An Overview of Pharmaceutical Applications. Int. J. Pharmtech Res., 2(1): 810-826.
290. Serra, A., Macià, A., Romero, M. P., Piñol, C. and Motilva, M. J. 2011. Rapid Methods to Determine Procyanidins, Anthocyanins, Theobromine and Caffeine in Rat Tissues by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci., 879(19): 1519-1528.
291. Sethi, N., Anand, A., Sharma, A., Chandrul, K. K., Jain, G. and Srinivasa, K. S. 2009. High speed Counter Current Chromatography: A Support-Free LC Technique. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci., 1: 8-15.
292. Shahidi, F. and Naczk, M. 2011. "Analysis of Polyphenols in Foods". In Methods of Analysis of Food Components and Additives, 2nd ed., Edited by: Otles, S. 253-308. Boca Raton, Fla.: Taylor and Francis. Ch. 11
293. Shi, J., Nawaz, H., Pohorli, J., Mittal, G., Kakuda, Y. and Kiang, Y. 2005. Extraction of Polyphenolics from Plant Material for Functional Foods-Engineering and Technology. Food Rev. Int., 21(1): 139-166.
294. 2. J. Med. Plant Res., 5(3): 300-308.
295. Shipp, J. and Abdel-Aal, El. S. M. 2010. Food Applications and Physiological Effects of Anthocyanins as Functional Food Ingredients. Open Food Sci. J., 4: 7-12.
296. Shohaib, T., Shafique, M., Dhanya, N. and Divakar, M. C. 2011. Importance of Flavonoids in Therapeutics. Hygeia J. Drugs Med., 3(1): 1-18.
297. Sies, H. 2010. Polyphenols and Health: Update and Perspectives. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 501(1): 2-5.
298. Siriwoharn, T., Wrolstad, R. E., Finn, C. E. and Pereira, C. B. 2004. Influence of Cultivar, Maturity, and Sampling on Blackberry (Rubus L. Hybrids) Anthocyanins, Polyphenolics, and Antioxidant Properties. J. Agroc. Food Chem., 52(26): 8021-8030.
299. Sisa, M., Bonnet, S. L., Ferreira, D. and Van DerWesthuizen, J. H. 2010. Photochemistry of Flavonoids. Molecules, 15(8): 5196-5245.
300. Smith, R. M. 2002. Extractions with Superheated Water. J. Chromatogr. A, 975(1): 31-46.
301. Song, W., Wang, H. J., Bucheli, P., Zhang, P. F., Wei, D. Z. and Lu, Y. H. 2009. Phytochemical Profiles of Different Mulberry (Morus sp.) Species from China. J. Agric. Food Chem., 57(19): 9133-9140.
302. Soto, M. L., Moure, A., Domínguez, H. and Parajó, J. C. 2011. Recovery, Concentration and Purification of Phenolic Compounds by Adsorption: A Review. J. Food Eng., 105(1): 1-27.
303. Stalikas, C. D. 2007. Extraction, Separation and Detection Methods for Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids. J. Sep. Sci., 30(18): 3268-3295.
304. Steyn, W. J., Wand, S. J. E., Holcroft, D. M. and Jacobs, G. 2002. Anthocyanins in Vegetative Tissues: A Proposed Unified Function in Photoprotection. New Phytol., 155: 349-361.
305. Sticher, O. 2008. Natural Products Isolation. Nat. Prod. Rep., 25(3): 517-554.
306. Stobiecki, M. and Kachlicki, P. 2006. "Isolation and Identification of Flavonoids". In The Science of Flavonoids, Edited by: Grotewold, E. 47-69. New York: Springer.
307. Stoj, A., Targonski, Z. and Malik, A. 2006. Use of Anthocyanin Analysis for Detection of Berry Juice Adulterations. Acta Sci. Pol. Technol. Aliment., 5(1): 73-85.
308. Su, Z. 2012. Anthocyanins and Flavonoids of Vaccinium L. Pharm. Crops, 3: 7-37.
309. Sun, X., Yang, X. and Wang, E. 2005. Chromatographic and Electrophoretic Procedures for Analyzing Plant Pigments of Pharmacologically Interests. Anal. Chim. Acta, 547(2): 153-157.
310. Sun-Waterhouse, D. 2011. The Development of Fruit-Based Functional Foods Targeting the Health and Wellness Market: A Review. Int. J. Food Sci. Technol., 46(5): 899-920.
311. Sutherland, I. A. 2007. Recent Progress on the Industrial Scale-Up of Counter-Current Chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A, 1151(1-2): 6-13.
312. Sutherland, I. A., Brown, L., Forbes, S., Games, G., Hawes, D., Hostettmann, K., Mckerrell, E. H., Marston, A., Wheatley, D. and Wood, P. 1998. Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC) and Its Versatile Application as an Industrial Purification & Production Processes. J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol., 21(3): 279-298.
313. Szajdek, A. and Borowska, E. J. 2008. Bioactive Compounds and Health-Promoting Properties of Berry Fruits: A Review. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 63(4): 147-156.
314. Takeoka, G. and Dao, L. 2002. "Anthocyanins". In Methods of Analysis for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Edited by: Horst, W. J. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press.
315. Tanaka, Y., Sadaki, N. and Ohmiya, A. 2008. Biosynthesis of Plant Pigments: Anthocyanins, Betalains and Carotenoids. Plant J., 54(4): 733-749.
316. Tatke, P. and Jaiswal, Y. 2011. On Overview of Microwave Assisted Extraction and Its Applications in Herbal Drug Research. Res. J. Med. Plants, 5(1): 21-31.
317. Temelli, F. and Seifried, B. 2011. "Bioseparation of Nutraceuticals Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide". In Food Engineering Interfaces, 353-392. New York: Springer. Part 2
318. Teo, C. C., Tan, S. N., Yong, J. W. H., Hew, C. S. and Ong, E. S. 2010. Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE). J. Chromatogr. A, 1217(16): 2484-2494.
319. Thorngate, J. H. 2006. Methods for Analyzing Phenolics in Research. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 57(3): 269-279.
320. Tiwari, P., Kumar, B., Kaur, M., Kaur, G. and Kaur, H. 2011. Phytochemical Screening and Extraction: A Review. Int. Pharm. Sci., 1: 98-106.
321. Traka, M. H. and Mithen, R. F. 2011. Plant Science and Human Nutrition: Challenges in Assessing Health-Promoting Properties of Phytochemicals. Plant Cell, 23(7): 2497
322. Treutter, D. 2010. Managing Phenol Contents in Crop Plants by Phytochemical Farming and Breeding-Visions and Constraints. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11(3): 807-857.
323. Tripoli, E., La Guardia, M. L., Giammanco, S., Majo, D. D. and Giammanco, M. 2007. Citrus Flavonoids: Molecular Structure, Biological Activity and Nutritional Properties: A Review. Food Chem., 104(2): 466-479.
324. Tsao, R. 2010. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Dietary Polyphenols. Nutrients, 2: 1231-1246.
325. Tsao, R. and Deng, Z. 2004. Separation Procedures for Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Phytochemicals. J. Chromatogr. B, 812(1-2): 85-99.
326. Tsao, R. and McCallum, J. 2009. "Chemistry of Flavonoids". In Fruit and Vegetable Phytochemicals: Chemistry, Nutritional Value and Stability, Edited by: de la Rosa, L. A., Alvarez-Parrilla, E. and Gonzalez-Aguilar, G. 131-153. Ames, IA: Blackwell Publishing. Ch. 5
327. Tsuda, T. 2012. Dietary Anthocyanin-Rich Plants: Biochemical Basis and Recent Progress in Health Benefits Studies. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 56(1): 159-170.
328. Tulipani, S., Mezzetti, B. and Battino, M. 2009. Impact of Strawberries on Human Health: Insight into Marginally Discussed Bioactive Compounds for the Mediterranean Diet. Public Health Nutr., 12(9A): 1656-1662.
329. Tura, D. and Robards, K. 2002. Sample Handling Strategies for the Determination of Biophenols in Food and Plants. J. Chromatogr. A, 975(1): 71-93.
330. Turner, C. 2006. "Overview of Modern Extraction Techniques for Food and Agricultural Samples". In Modern Extraction Techniques, 3-19. Washington, D.C.: ACS Symposium Series 926; ACS. Ch. 1
331. Vacek, J., Klejdus, B., Lojkova, L. and Kuban, V. 2008. Current Trends in Isolation, Separation, Determination and Identification of Isoflavones: A Review. J. Sep. Sci., 31(11): 2054-2067.
332. Vacek, J., Ulrichova, J., Klejdus, B. and Simanek, V. 2010. Analytical Methods and Strategies in the Study of Plant Polyphenols in Clinical Samples. Anal. Methods, 2(6): 604-613.
333. Valls, J., Millan, S., Marti, M. P., Borrasm, E. and Arola, L. 2009. Advanced Separation Method of Food Anthocyanins, Isoflavones and Flavonols. J. Chromatogr. A, 1216(43): 7143-7172.
334. Veitch, N. C. and Grayer, R. J. 2008. Flavonoids and Their Glycosides, Including Anthocyanins. Nat. Prod. Rep., 25(3): 555-611.
335. Veitch, N. C. and Grayer, R. J. 2011. Flavonoids and Their Glycosides, Including Anthocyanins. Nat. Prod. Rep., 28(10): 1626-1695.
336. Villiers, A. de, Vanhoenacker, G., Majeck, P. and Sandra, P. 2004. Determination of Anthocyanins in Wine by Direct Injection Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection-Mass Spectrometry and Classification of Wines Using Discriminant Analysis. J. Chromatogr. A, 1054(1-2): 195-204.
337. Villiers, A. de, Alberts, P., Tredoux, A. G. J. and Nieuwoudt, H. H. 2012. Analytical Techniques for Wine Analysis: An African Perspective; A Review. Anal. Chim. Acta, 730: 2-23.
338. Viuda-Martos, M., Fernández-López, J. and Pérez-Alvarez, J. A. 2010. Pomegranate and Its Many Functional Components as Related to Human Health: A Review. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 9(6): 635-654.
339. Walker, V. and Mills, G. A. 2002. Solid Phase Extraction in Clinical Biochemistry. Ann. Clin. Biochem., 39(5): 464-477.
340. Wallace, T. C. 2010. Analysis of procyanidins and anthocyanins in food products using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, The Ohio State University. PhD Thesis, Graduate Program in Food Science and Technology
341. Wallace, T. C. 2011. Anthocyanins in Cardiovascular Disease. Adv. Nutr., 2: 1-7.
342. Wang, L. 2011. "Advances in Extraction of Plant Products in Nutraceutical Processing". In Handbook of Nutraceuticals, Volume II, Scale-up, Processing and Automation, Edited by: Pathak, Y. 15-52. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. Ch. 2
343. Wang, L. and Weller, C. L. 2006. Recent Advances In Extraction Of Nutraceuticals From Plants. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 17(6): 300-312.
344. Wang, L. S. and Stoner, G. D. 2008. Anthocyanins and Their Role in Cancer Prevention. Cancer Lett., 269(2): 281-290.
345. Wang, Y. and Ho, C. T. 2009. Polyphenolic Chemistry of Tea and Coffee: A Century of Progress. J. Agric. Food Chem., 57(18): 8109-8114.
346. Welch, C. R., Wu, Q. and Simon, J. E. 2008. Recent Advances in Anthocyanins Analysis and Characterization. Curr. Anal. Chem., 4(2): 75-101.
347. Wijngaard, H., Hossain, M. B., Rai, D. K. and Brunton, N. 2012. Techniques to Extract Bioactive Compounds from Food By-Products of Plant Origin. Food Res. Int., 46(2): 505-513.
348. Williams, C. A. and Grayer, R. J. 2004. Anthocyanins and Other Flavonoids. Nat. Prod. Rep., 21(4): 539-573.
349. Williams, J. R., Clifford, A. A. and Al-Saidi, S. H. R. 2002. Supercritical Fluids and Their Applications in Biotechnology and Related Areas. Mol. Biotechnol., 22(3): 263-283.
350. Winterhalter, P. 2007. Application of Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC) to the Analysis of Natural Pigments. Trends Food Sci. Technol., 18(10): 507-513.
351. Winterhalter, P. 2009. Application of Countercurrent Chromatography for Wine Research and Wine Analysis. Am. J. Enol. Viticult., 60(2): 123-129.
352. Winterhalter, P., Esatbeyoghu, T. and Wilkens, A. 2010. "Preparative Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Berries". In Flavor and Health Benefits of Small Fruits, Vol. 1035, 267-279. Washington, D.C.: ACS. ACS Symposium Series Ch. 17
353. Wrolstad, R. E. 2004. Anthocyanin Pigments-Bioactivity and Coloring Properties. J. Food Sci., 69(5): C419-C425.
354. Wrolstad, R. E., Durst, R. W., Giusti, M. and Rodriguez-Saona, L. E. 2002. "Analysis of Anthocyanins in Nutraceuticals". In Quality Management of Nutraceuticals, Edited by: Ho, C. T and Zheng, Q. Y. 42-62. Washington, D.C.: ACS. ACS Symposium Series 803 Ch. 4
355. Wrolstad, R. E., Acree, T. E., Decker, E. A., Penner, M. H., Reid, D. S., Schwartz, S. J., Shoemaker, C. F., Smith, D. and Sporns, P. 2005. Handbook of Food Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 2, Pigments, Colorants, Flavors, Texture, and Bioactive Food Components, Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience.
356. Wu, R. 2008. Effects of refrigeration storage and processing technologies in the bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacities of blackberries (Marion and Evergreen), Oregon State University. Masters Thesis
357. Wu, X. and Prior, R. 2008. Anthocyanins: Analysis and Distribution in Selected Medical Plants. Chem. Lett., 12(1): 9-22.
358. Xia, E. Q., Deng, G. F., Guo, Y. J. and Li, H. B. 2010. Biological Activities of Polyphenols from Grapes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 11(2): 642-646.
359. Xie, R., Zheng, L., He, S., Zheng, Y., Yi, S. and Deng, L. 2011. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Fruit Tree Crops: Genes and Their Regulation. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 10(86): 19890-19897.
360. Xu, Y. and Du, Q. 2006. Review on Isolation, Identification and Bioactivities of Anthocyanins. Food Fermentation Ind., 32(3): 67-72.
361. Yang, M., Koo, S. I., Song, W. O. and Chun, O. K. 2011. Food Matrix Affecting Anthocyanin Bioavailability: Review. Curr. Med. Chem., 18(2): 291-300.
362. Yao, L. H., Jiang, Y. M., Shi, J., Tomás-Barberán, F. A., Datta, N., Singanusong, R. and Chen, S. S. 2004. Flavonoids in Food and Their Health Benefits. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 59(3): 113-122.
363. Yao, S., Cao, Y., Jia, C. M., Wang, Y., Song, H., Yao, S., Cao, Y., Jia, C. M., Wang, Y. and Song, H. 2012. Developments of Instruments and Methods Related with High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography and Their Applications in Research of Natural Medicines. Centr. Eur. J. Chem., 10(3): 417-432.
364. Yin, L., Li, Y., Lu, B., Jin, Y. and Peng, J. 2010. Trends in Countercurrent Chromatography: Applications to Natural Products Purification. Sep. Purif. Rev., 39: 33-62.
365. Yoshida, K., Mori, M. and Kondo, T. 2009. Blue Flower Colour Development by Anthocyanins: From Chemical Structure to Cell Physiology. Nat. Prod. Rep., 26(7): 884-915.
366. Zafra-Stone, S., Yasmin, T., Bagchi, M., Chatterjee, A., Vinson, J. A. and Bagchi, D. 2007. Berry Anthocyanin as Novel Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease Prevention. Mol. Nutr. Food Res., 51(6): 675-683.
367. Zainol, M. K. M., Abdul-Hamid, A., Bakar, F. A. and Dek, S. P. 2009. Effect of Different Drying Methods on the Degradation of Selected Flavonoids in Centella asiatica. Int. Food Res. J., 16(4): 531-537.
368. Zhang, Z. and Wang, J. J. Study on the Biological Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Anthocyanin in Plants: A Review. 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering iCBBE 2010; IEEE: Piscataway, N.J., art. no. 55164112010
369. Zima, J., Svancara, I., Barek, J. and Vytras, K. 2009. Recent Advances in Electroanalysis of Organic Compounds at Carbon Paste Electrodes. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 39(3): 204-227.
370. Zlotorzynski, A. 1995. The Application of Microwave Radiation to Analytical and Environmental Chemistry. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 25(1): 43-76.
371. Zougagh, M., Valcarcel, M. and Rios, A. 2004. Supercritical Fluid Extraction: A Critical Review of Its Analytical Usefulness. TrAC, Trends Anal. Chem., 23(5): 399-405.
372. Zwir-Ferenc, A. and Bizink, M. 2006. Solid-Phase Extraction Tech niques-Trends, Opportunities and Applications. Pol. J. Environ. Studies, 15(5): 677-690.