Apoptosis and its clinical impact

Head and Neck

Volumn 23, Issue 5, 2001, Pages 409-425

  Watkin, Kenneth L ^a   Gallagher, Tanya M ^a   Logemann, Jeri A ^b   Rademaker, Alfred W ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Apaf 1; Apoptosis; Bcl 2; Caspase; Fas; FasL; FLIP; IAP; Mitochondria; Review; TRAIL

Indexed keywords

CASPASE; CASPASE INHIBITOR; FAS LIGAND; PROTEIN BCL 2;

APOPTOSIS; CELL SURFACE; GENE THERAPY; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; MITOCHONDRION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

APOPTOSIS; GENE THERAPY; GENES, REGULATOR; HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; ONCOGENES; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0035049060     PISSN: 10433074     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hed.1052     Document Type: Review

References (297)

1. Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics
2. Cell death in development
3. Programmed cell death in animal development
4. Nineteenth century research on naturally occurring cell death and related phenomena
5. Programmed cell death. IV. The influence of drugs on the breakdown of the intersegmental muscles of silkmoths
6. Programmed cell death. V. Cytolytic enzymes in relation to the breakdown of the intersegmental muscles of silkmoths
7. Genetic control of programmed cell death in the nematode C. elegans
8. Mechanisms and functions of cell death
9. Caenorhabditis elegans CED-9 protein is a bifunctional cell-death inhibitor
10. The C. elegans protein EGL-1 is required for programmed cell death and interacts with the Bcl-2-like protein CED-9
11. Advances in apoptosis research
12. A 14;18 and an 8;14 chromosome translocation in a cell line derived from an acute B-cell leukemia
13. Oncogenic potential of bcl-2 demonstrated by gene transfer
14. C. elegans cell survival gene ced-9 encodes a functional homolog of the mammalian proto-oncogene bcl-2
15. Double identity for proteins of the Bcl-2 family
16. BCL-2 family members and the mitochondria in apoptosis
17. Structure of Bcl-xL-Bak peptide complex: Recognition between regulators of apoptosis
18. Bcl-x(L) forms an ion channel in synthetic lipid membranes
19. Inhibition of Bax channel-forming activity by Bcl-2
20. Cytochrome c release from mitochondria: All or nothing
21. Caspase-9, Bcl-xL, and Apaf-1 form a ternary complex
22. Bcl-XL interacts with Apaf-1 and inhibits Apaf-1-dependent caspase-9 activation
23. Apoptotic protease activating factor 1 (Apaf-1)-independent cell death suppression by Bcl-2
24. Proapoptotic apoptosis protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1) has a cytoplasmic localization distinct from bcl-2 or bcl-x(L)
25. Bcl-2 family members do not inhibit apoptosis by binding the caspase activator Apaf-1
26. Suicidal tendencies: Apoptotic cell death by caspase family proteinases
27. A novel heterodimeric cysteine protease is required for interleukin-1 beta processing in monocytes
28. The C. elegans cell death gene ced-3 encodes a protein similar to mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme
29. Caspases - Intracellular signaling by proteolysis
30. Caspase structure, proteolytic substrates, and function during apoptotic cell death
31. A combinatorial approach defines specificities of members of the caspase family and granzyme B. Functional relationships established for key mediators of apoptosis
32. A combinatorial approach for determining protease specificities: Application to interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)
33. The role of caspases in development, immunity, and apoptotic signal transduction: Lessons from knockout mice
34. Viral FLICE-inhibitory proteins (FLIPs) prevent apoptosis induced by death receptors
35. Inhibition of fas death signals by FLIPs
36. Suppression of apoptosis in mammalian cells by NAIP and a related family of IAP genes
37. A novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, expressed in cancer and lymphoma
38. Inhibition of apoptosis by survivin predicts shorter survival rates in colorectal cancer
39. A novel anti-apoptosis gene: Re-expression of survivin messenger RNA as a prognosis marker in non-small-cell lung cancers
40. IAPs block apoptotic events induced by caspase-8 and cytochrome c by direct inhibition of distinct caspases
41. Cathepsins as effector proteases in hepatocyte apoptosis
42. Structure and physiological function of calpains
43. Caspase and calpain substrates: Roles in synaptic plasticity and cell death
44. Ubiquitin protein ligase activity of IAPs and their degradation in proteasomes in response to apoptotic stimuli
45. Novel targets for therapeutic intervention against ischemic brain injury
46. Signal transduction - Akt signaling - Linking membrane events to life and death decisions
47. Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery
48. Signal transduction through lipid second messengers
49. Activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) by the adapter protein Daxx
50. Death associated proteins (DAPs): From gene identification to the analysis of their apoptotic and tumor suppressive functions
51. Molecular characterization of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor
52. The caspase-3 precursor has a cytosolic and mitochondrial distribution: Implications for apoptotic signaling
53. Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition
54. Identification of DIABLO, a mammalian protein that promotes apoptosis by binding to and antagonizing IAP proteins
55. Mitochondrial release of caspase-2 and -9 during the apoptotic process
56. Pro-caspase-8 is predominantly localized in mitochondria and released into cytoplasm upon apoptotic stimulation
57. SM-20: A novel mitochondrial protein that causes caspase-dependent cell death in nerve growth factor-dependent neurons
58. Bcl-xL regulates the membrane potential and volume homeostasis of mitochondria
59. Mitochondrial permeability transition is a central coordinating event of apoptosis
60. Cytochrome c and dATP-dependent formation of Apaf-1/caspase-9 complex initiates an apoptotic protease cascade
61. Apaf-1, a human protein homologous to C. elegans CED-4, participates in cytochrome c-dependent activation of caspase-3
62. An APAF-1, cytochrome c multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activates procaspase-9
63. Heat-shock protein 70 inhibits apoptosis by preventing recruitment of procaspase-9 to the Apaf-1 apoptosome
64. Negative regulation of cytochrome c-mediated oligomerization of apaf-1 and activation of procaspase-9 by heat shock protein 90
65. Aven, a novel inhibitor of caspase activation, binds Bcl-xL and Apaf-1
66. Molecular determinants of the caspase-promoting activity of Smac/DIABLO and its role in the death receptor pathway
67. Cytochrome c deficiency causes embryonic lethality and attenuates stress-induced apoptosis
68. Cytochrome c - Cant live with it - Cant live without it
69. p28 Bap31, a Bcl-2/Bcl-XL- and procaspase-8-associated protein in the endoplasmic reticulum
70. Caspase-12 mediates endoplasmic-reticulum-specific apoptosis and cytotoxicity by amyloid-beta
71. Caspase-2 is localized at the Golgi complex and cleaves golgin-160 during apoptosis
72. Cell death induction by receptors of the TNF family: Towards a molecular understanding
73. A cell-killing monoclonal antibody (anti-Fas) to a cell surface antigen co-downregulated with the receptor of tumor necrosis factor
74. The polypeptide encoded by the cDNA for human cell surface antigen Fas can mediate apoptosis
75. The Fas death factor
76. Death receptors: Signaling and modulation
77. Transducers of life and death - TNF receptor superfamily and associated proteins
78. Cell nucleus and DNA fragmentation are not required for apoptosis
79. Autocrine T-cell suicide mediated by APO-1/(Fas/CD95)
80. Dominant interfering Fas gene mutations impair apoptosis in a human autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
81. Molecular cloning and expression of the Fas ligand, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family
82. Apoptosis by death factor
83. Membrane Fas ligand kills human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and soluble Fas ligand blocks the killing
84. Downregulation of Fas ligand by shedding
85. Identification and characterization of a new member of the TNF family that induces apoptosis
86. Cell death - TRAIL and its receptors
87. TRAIL receptors 1 (DR4) and 2 (DR5) signal FADD-dependent apoptosis and activate NF-kB
88. Control of TRAIL-induced apoptosis by a family of signaling and decoy receptors
89. Signal transduction by DR3, a death domain-containing receptor related to TNFR-1 and CD95
90. Identification of a ligand for the death-domain-containing receptor Apo3
91. Identification and functional characterization of DR6, a novel death domain-containing TNF receptor
92. TAJ, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family, activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway and mediates caspase-independent cell death
93. A license to kill
94. Apoptotic pathways: The roads to ruin
95. Cleavage of BID by caspase 8 mediates the mitochondrial damage in the Fas pathway of apoptosis
96. Bid, a Bcl2 interacting protein, mediates cytochrome c release from mitochondria in response to activation of cell surface death receptors
97. BAR: An apoptosis regulator at the intersection of caspases and Bcl-2 family proteins
98. Two CD95 (APO-1/Fas) signaling pathways
99. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression
100. Suppression of human colorectal carcinoma cell growth by wild-type p53
101. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division
102. New horizons: Gene therapy for cancer
103. A chemical inhibitor of p53 that protects mice from the side effects of cancer therapy
104. Pidd, a new death-domain-containing protein, is induced by p53 and promotes apoptosis
105. FIST/HIPK3. A Fas/fadd-interacting serine/threonine kinase that induces fadd phosphorylation and inhibits fas-mediated jun nh(2)-terminal kinase activation
106. A matter of life and cell death
107. Hypoxia-mediated apoptosis from angiogenesis inhibition underlies tumor control by recombinant interleukin 12
108. Antiangiogenic scheduling of chemotherapy improves efficacy against experimental drug-resistant cancer
109. From bench to clinic with apoptosis-based therapeutic agents
110. Mining the genome for drugs
111. Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease
112. Somatic frameshift mutations in the BAX gene in colon cancers of the microsatellite mutator phenotype
113. Prognostic significance of apoptosis regulators in breast cancer
114. Reduction of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the liver by in vivo adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 gene
115. Genetic modification of liver grafts with an adenoviral vector encoding the Bcl-2 gene improves organ preservation
116. Bcl-2: Prolonging life in a transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
117. Bcl-xs gene therapy induces apoptosis of human mammary tumors in nude mice
118. Targeting can cell death with a bcl-XS adenovirus
119. Induction of apoptosis in lung-cancer cells following bcl-xL anti-sense treatment
120. Antisense strategies to inhibit restenosis
121. Cell permeable Bcl-2 binding peptides: A chemical approach to apoptosis induction in tumor cells
122. Bax:Bcl-2 ratio modulation by bryostatin 1 and novel antitubulin agents is important for susceptibility to drug induced apoptosis in the human early pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Reh
123. Alteration of the Bcl-2/Bax status of head and neck cancer cell lines by chemotherapeutic agents
124. Apoptosis and drug response
125. Caspase-3 is required for DNA fragmentation and morphological changes associated with apoptosis
126. Retroviral delivery and tetracycline-dependent expression of IL-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) in a rat glioma model provides controlled induction of apoptotic death in tumor cells
127. Cancer gene therapy using a pro-apoptotic gene, caspase-3
128. Attenuation of ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by a caspase inhibitor
129. Effect of caspase inhibitors on myocardial infarct size and myocyte DNA fragmentation in the ischemia-reperfused rat heart
130. Inhibition of interleukin 1beta converting enzyme family proteases reduces ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal damage
131. Protective effect of a caspase inhibitor in models for cerebral ischemia in vitro and in vivo
132. Attenuation of transient focal cerebral ischemic injury in transgenic mice expressing a mutant ICE inhibitory protein
133. Neuroprotection by a caspase inhibitor in acute bacterial meningitis
134. Inhibition of ICE slows ALS in mice
135. Functional role of caspase-1 and caspase-3 in an ALS transgenic mouse model
136. Killing HIV-infected cells by transduction with an HIV protease-activated caspase-3 protein
137. BH4 domain of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members closes voltage-dependent anion channel and inhibits apoptotic mitochondrial changes and cell death
138. In vivo protein transduction: Intracellular delivery of biologically active proteins, compounds and DNA
139. In vivo protein transduction: Delivery of a biologically active protein into the mouse
140. Neuroprotection by the inhibition of apoptosis
141. Attenuation of ischemia-induced cellular and behavioral deficits by X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein overexpression in the rat hippocampus
142. Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of inhibitors of apoptosis protein delays apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons
143. Tumor content of the antiapoptosis molecule survivin and recurrence of bladder cancer
144. Expression of the apoptosis inhibitor, survivin, in nonmelanoma skin cancer and gene targeting in a keratinocyte cell line
145. The fight of viruses against apoptosis
146. Blocking apoptosis prevents blindness in Drosophila retinal degeneration mutants
147. Autoimmunity as a consequence of retrovirus-mediated expression of C-FLIP in lymphocytes
148. Inhibition of death receptor signaling by FLICE-inhibitory protein as a mechanism for immune escape of tumors
149. The inhibitor of death receptor signaling, FLICE-inhibitory protein defines a new class of tumor progression factors
150. Immune escape of tumors in vivo by expression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein
151. Cell death attenuation by 'Usurpin', a mammalian DED-caspase homologue that precludes caspase-8 recruitment and activation by the CD-95 (Fas, APO-1) receptor complex
152. The inhibition of apoptosis in myositis and in normal muscle cells
153. Expression of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein in human coronary arteries and in a rat vascular injury model
154. Inherited human caspase 10 mutations underlie defective lymphocyte and dendritic cell apoptosis in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type II
155. TRAIL receptor-2 signals apoptosis through FADD and caspase-8
156. Inhibitor of apoptosis protein hILP undergoes caspase-mediated cleavage during T lymphocyte apoptosis
157. Conversion of Bcl-2 to a Bax-like death effector by caspases
158. Mitochondrial diseases in man and mouse
159. Mitochondrial control of cell death
160. Posttreatment with the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A in transient focal ischemia
161. Cyclosporin A binding to mitochondrial cyclophilin inhibits the permeability transition pore and protects hearts from ischaemia/reperfusion injury
162. Coenzyme Q10 administration increases brain mitochondrial concentrations and exerts neuroprotective effects
163. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on the mediator cascade of sepsis
164. Apoptosis in heart failure: Release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and activation of caspase-3 in human cardiomyopathy
165. Involvement of caspases in proteolytic cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloidbeta precursor protein and amyloidogenic A beta peptide formation
166. Mechanisms of apoptosis avoidance in cancer
167. Mitochondrial permeability transition is altered in early stages of carcinogenesis of 2-acetylaminofluorene
168. Facile detection of mitochondrial DNA mutations in tumors and bodily fluids
169. Somatic mutations of the mitochondrial genome in human colorectal tumours
170. Gene microarray identification of redox and mitochondrial elements that control resistance or sensitivity to apoptosis
171. Safety and antitumor activity of recombinant soluble Apo2 ligand
172. Selectivity of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of cancer cells and synergy with drugs: The trail to non-toxic cancer therapeutics
173. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand's antitumor activity in vivo is enhanced by the chemotherapeutic agent CPT-11
174. Gene therapy of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis by in vivo administration of plasmid DNA coding for Fas ligand
175. Induction of apoptosis in the rheumatoid synovium by Fas ligand gene transfer
176. Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by CD95 (Apo-1/Fas)-ligand gene transfer
177. Treatment of experimental glioma by administration of adenoviral vectors expressing Fas ligand
178. Induction of apoptosis by cancer chemotherapy
179. Fas/Fas ligand on the road: An apoptotic pathway common to AIDS, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation and transplantation
180. Fas ligand-induced apoptosis as a mechanism of immune privilege
181. A role for CD95 ligand in preventing graft rejection
182. Fas ligand gene transfer to renal allografts in rats: Effects on allograft survival
183. Prolonged survival of rat liver allografts transfected with Fas ligand-expressing plasmid
184. Immune response and myoblasts that express Fas ligand
185. Fas ligand expression in islets of Langerhans does not confer immune privilege and instead targets them for rapid destruction
186. Proinflammatory consequences of transgenic fas ligand expression in the heart
187. Melanoma cell expression of Fas(Apo-1/CD95) ligand: Implications for tumor immune escape
188. Fas ligand is expressed on human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and it promotes apoptosis of T lymphocytes
189. Fas ligand expression by astrocytoma in vivo: Maintaining immune privilege in the brain?
190. Role of Fas ligand (CD95L) in immune escape: The tumor cell strikes back
191. Not so fas: Re-evaluating the mechanisms of immune privilege and tumor escape
192. Uncoupling IL-2 signals that regulate T cell proliferation, survival, and Fas-mediated activation-induced cell death
193. Tumor-induced apoptosis of T cells: Amplification by mitochondrial cascade
194. Lymphocyte apoptosis induced by Fas ligand-expressing ovarian carcinoma cells. Implications for altered expression of T cell receptor in tumor-associated lymphocytes
195. Tumor-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes: Elucidation of intracellular apoptotic events
196. Caspase-mediated degradation of T-cell receptor zeta-chain
197. Absent or low expression of the zeta chain in T cells at the tumor site correlates with poor survival in patients with oral carcinoma
198. Supraomohyoid neck dissection: Rationale, indications, and surgical technique
199. The immunopharmacology of head and neck cancer: An update
200. The role of interleukin-2 in combination adenovirus gene therapy for head and neck cancer
201. Intensive recombinant interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon therapy in patients with advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma
202. Transduction of interleukin-2 antiapoptotic and proliferative signals via Akt protein kinase
203. Stat3: A STAT family member activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in response to epidermal growth factor and interleukin-6
204. Polypeptide signaling to the nucleus through tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak and Stat proteins
205. Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling abrogates apoptosis in squamous cell carcinogenesis in vivo
206. STAT signaling in head and neck cancer
207. Defective TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in STAT1-null cells due to low constitutive levels of caspases
208. Fetal anemia and apoptosis of red cell progenitors in Stat5a-/-5b-/-mice: A direct role for Stat5 in Bcl-X(L) induction
209. STATs as activators of apoptosis
210. Constitutive activation of Stat3 signaling confers resistance to apoptosis in human U266 myeloma cells
211. Tumor antigen phenotype, biologic staging, and prognosis in head and neck squamous carcinoma
212. Overexpression of the A9 antigen/alpha 6 beta 4 integrin in head and neck cancer
213. Activation of phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase by the alpha 6 beta 4 integrin promotes carcinoma invasion
214. p53 inhibits alpha 6 beta 4 integrin survival signaling by promoting the caspase 3-dependent cleavage of AKT/PKB
215. The PI 3-Kinase/Akt signaling pathway delivers an anti-apoptotic signal
216. Regulation of cell death protease caspase-9 by phosphorylation
217. Caspase-9 regulates cisplatin-induced apoptosis in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells
218. Gene therapy for head and neck cancer
219. p53-dependent apoptosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anti-cancer agents
220. Activation of a CrmA-insensitive, p35-sensitive pathway in ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis
221. p53 mediated sensitization of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck to radiotherapy
222. Adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy has greater efficacy when combined with chemotherapy against human head and neck, ovarian, prostate, and breast cancer
223. Cumulative prognostic value of p53 mutations and bcl-2 protein expression in head-and-neck cancer treated by radiotherapy
224. Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
225. p53 mutations and p53, Waf-1, Bax and Bcl-2 expression in field cancerization of the head and neck
226. Apoptosis-promoting gene (bax) transfer potentiates sensitivity of squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin in vitro and in vivo
227. Clustering of breakpoints on chromosome 11 in human B-cell neoplasms with the t(11;14) chromosome translocation
228. Involvement of the bcl-2 gene in human follicular lymphoma
229. Bcl-x, a bcl-2-related gene that functions as a dominant regulator of apoptotic cell death
230. Bcl-w, a novel member of the bcl-2 family, promotes cell survival
231. Immunohistochemical analysis of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 proteins in normal and neoplastic lymph nodes
232. Characterization of A1, a novel hemopoietic-specific early-response gene with sequence similarity to bcl-2
233. A novel Bcl-2 related gene, Bfl-1, is overexpressed in stomach cancer and preferentially expressed in bone marrow
234. Boo, a novel negative regulator of cell death, interacts with Apaf-1
235. Diva, a Bcl-2 homologue that binds directly to Apaf-1 and induces BH3-independent cell death
236. A Bcl-2-related gene is activated in avian cells transformed by the Rous sarcoma virus
237. Mtd, a novel Bcl-2 family member activates apoptosis in the absence of heterodimerization with Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL
238. Bok is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein with restricted expression in reproductive tissues and heterodimerizes with selective anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members
239. Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death
240. Induction of apoptosis by the Bcl-2 homologue Bak
241. Bcl-G: A novel pro-apoptotic member of the bcl-2 family
242. BH3-only proteins - Essential initiators of apoptotic cell death
243. Bad, a heterodimeric partner for Bcl-XL and Bcl-2, displaces Bax and promotes cell death
244. BID: A novel BH3 domain-only death agonist
245. Bim: A novel member of the Bcl-2 family that promotes apoptosis
246. BOD (Bcl-2-related ovarian death gene) is an ovarian BH3 domain-containing proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein capable of dimerization with diverse antiapoptotic Bcl-2 members
247. Bik, a novel death-inducing protein shares a distinct sequence motif with Bcl-2 family proteins and interacts with viral and cellular survival-promoting proteins
248. Induction of apoptosis by human Nbk/Bik, a BH3-containing protein that interacts with E1B 19K
249. Harakiri, a novel regulator of cell death, encodes a protein that activates apoptosis and interacts selectively with survival-promoting proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L)
250. Molecular cloning of a novel polypeptide, DP5, induced during programmed neuronal death
251. Blk, a BH3-containing mouse protein that interacts with Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, is a potent death agonist
252. Nix and Nip3 form a subfamily of pro-apoptotic mitochondrial proteins
253. Adenovirus E1B-19K/BCL-2 interacting protein BNIP3 contains a BH3 domain and a mitochondrial targeting sequence
254. Adenovirus E1B 19 kDa and Bcl-2 proteins interact with a common set of cellular proteins
255. Noxa, a BH3-only member of the Bcl-2 family and candidate mediator of p53-induced apoptosis
256. MAP-1: A novel proapoptotic protein containing a BH3-like motif that associates with Bax through its Bcl-2 homology domains
257. Identification and characterization of ICH-2, a novel member of the interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme family of cysteine proteases
258. Molecular cloning and pro-apoptotic activity of ICErelII and ICErelIII, members of the ICE/CED-3 family of cysteine proteases
259. Ich-1, an Ice/ced3-related gene, encodes both positive and negative regulators of programmed cell death
260. CPP32, a novel human apoptotic protein with homology to Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein Ced-3 and mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme
261. Identification and mapping of Casp7, a cysteine protease resembling CPP32 beta, interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, and CED-3
262. Mch2, a new member of the apoptotic Ced-3/Ice cysteine protease gene family
263. FLICE, a novel FADD-homologous ICE/CED-3-like protease, is recruited to the CD95 (Fas/APO-1) death-inducing signaling complex
264. ICE-LAP6, a novel member of the ICE/Ced-3 gene family, is activated by the cytotoxic T cell protease granzyme B
265. Fas-associated death domain protein interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme 2 (FLICE2), an ICE/Ced-3 homologue, is proximally involved in CD95- and p55-mediated death signaling
266. Murine caspase-11, an ICE-interacting protease, is essential for the activation of ICE
267. ERICE, a novel FLICE-activatable caspase
268. Caspase-14 is a novel developmentally regulated protease
269. A caspase-9 variant missing the catalytic site is an endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis
270. Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP
271. ICEBERG: A novel inhibitor of interleukin-1beta generation
272. Inhibition of human caspases by peptide-based and macromolecular inhibitors
273. X-linked IAP is a direct inhibitor of cell-death proteases
274. The c-IAP-1 and c-IAP-2 proteins are direct inhibitors of specific caspases
275. The gene for neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein is partially deleted in individuals with spinal muscular atrophy
276. A giant ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme related to IAP apoptosis inhibitors
277. ML-IAP, a novel inhibitor of apoptosis that is preferentially expressed in human melanomas
278. Livin, a novel inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP) family member
279. A human IAP-family gene, apollon, expressed in human brain cancer cells
280. Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: Requirement for dATP and cytochrome c
281. Molecular characterization of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor
282. Expression and functional analysis of Apaf-1 isoforms. Extra Wd-40 repeat is required for cytochrome c binding and regulated activation of procaspase-9
283. Molecular cloning and characterization of DEFCAP-L and -S, two isoforms of a novel member of the mammalian Ced-4 family of apoptosis proteins
284. Cytochrome c release and apoptosis induced by mitochondrial targeting of nuclear orphan receptor TR3
285. Effect of tumour necrosis factor on cultured human melanoma cells
286. Characterization of receptors for human tumour necrosis factor and their regulation by gamma-interferon
287. TWEAK, a new secreted ligand in the tumor necrosis factor family that weakly induces apoptosis
288. The receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL
289. TRAIL-R2: A novel apoptosis-mediated receptor for TRAIL
290. Identification and characterization of a novel cytokine, THANK, a TNF homologue that activates apoptosis, nuclear factor-kappaB, and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
291. Mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor is a death receptor for granzyme B during cytotoxic T cell-induced apoptosis
292. A family of serine esterases in lytic granules of cytolytic T lymphocytes
293. A naturally occurring soluble isoform of murine Fas generated by alternative splicing
294. Cloning and characterization of TRAIL-R3, a novel member of the emerging TRAIL receptor family
295. The novel receptor TRAIL-R4 induced NF-kB and protects against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis, yet retains an incomplete death domain
296. Genomic amplification of a decoy receptor for Fas ligand in lung and colon cancer
297. Osteoprotegerin is a receptor for the cytotoxic ligand TRAIL