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note
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On the basis of an EST from the Incyte Lifeseq Database that showed death domain homology, we designed a hybridization probe and used it to isolate the DR5 cDNA (Apo2, DNA27868) by screening human cDNA libraries. We isolated three cDNA clones encoding DR5: two from pancreas and one from kidney. The overlapping coding region was identical except for codon 410; this position encoded a leucine (TTG) in both pancreatic clones and a methionine (ATG) in the kidney clone.
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1842325759
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We identified the 5′ region of DcR1 initially by sequence homology with TNFR1, from a collection of secreted proteins in a signal sequence trap analysis (19). Using a hybridization probe based on this sequence, we isolated cDNA clones encoding full-length DcR1 (Apo2DcR, DNA33085) by screening a human fetal lung library.
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19
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1842292902
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K. Baker and A. Gurney, unpublished data
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K. Baker and A. Gurney, unpublished data.
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1842327564
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note
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cDNA encoding the ECD of DR5 or DcR1 (amino acids 1 to 184 or 1 to 241, respectively) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and fused at the COOH-terminus to a FLAG epitope tag (Sigma) within pRK5.
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22
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1842288739
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note
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10 sequence, expression in Escherichia coli, and purification by Ni affinity chromatography as described (9). A different form of recombinant soluble TRAIL (amino acids 95 to 281) (8) has similar activity.
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23
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R. M. Pitti and A. Ashkenazi, unpublished data
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S. A. Marsters and A. Ashkenazi, unpublished data.
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J. P. Sheridan and A. Ashkenazi, unpublished data.
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28
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1842409132
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note
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DR5 and DcR1 immunoadhesins were generated by fusing each receptor ECD to the hinge and Fc regions of human immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) as described (29). DR4 and TNFR1 immunoadhesins were described previously (11, 30).
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31
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1842366862
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note
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6 cells) for HeLa cells; in cotransfections, the total amount of plasmid DNA was kept constant with vector DNA.
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36
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1842330439
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note
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Transient transfection of 293 cells by pRK5 itself resulted in sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis relative to untransfected cells. The levels of background apoptosis in 293 cells as measured by morphology, directly in the culture dish (Fig. 4), were lower than the levels measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis after harvest and staining of the cells with annexin V (9).
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37
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1842368638
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125I-TRAIL binding (25), consistent with the 39% sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis of cells treated similarly with PI-PLC (Fig. 4B).
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38
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1842291132
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note
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We thank C. Clark for comments; D. Goeddel for CrmA and FADD-DN plasmids; V. Dixit for DR4 and DFW-IgG plasmids; A. Rosenthal for PI-PLC; P. Juhrani, P. Ng, and M. Vasser for DNA synthesis; J. Lee and A. Gray for cDNA libraries; C. Watanabe for sequence analysis; M. Hamner for DNA sequencing; J. Tropea and W. Henzel for protein sequencing; S. Leung, J. Swartz, C. Blackie, and R. Pai for generating TRAIL; and the Genentech signal sequence trap team for help in cloning and expression.
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