메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 118, Issue 12, 2018, Pages 6053-6087

Chemistry Education Research - From Personal Empiricism to Evidence, Theory, and Informed Practice

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHEMISTRY;

EID: 85049132096     PISSN: 00092665     EISSN: 15206890     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00020     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (153)

References (341)
  • 1
    • 33947354107 scopus 로고
    • What Kind of Research Is Essential to Good Teaching?
    • Patrick, W. A. What Kind of Research Is Essential to Good Teaching?. J. Chem. Educ. 1924, 1, 16, 10.1021/ed001p16
    • (1924) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.1 , pp. 16
    • Patrick, W.A.1
  • 3
    • 85049136695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NIH, National Cancer Institute. Randomized Control Trial - National Library of Medicine; (accessed Dec 8)
    • NIH, National Cancer Institute. Randomized Control Trial-National Library of Medicine; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0025811/ (accessed Dec 8, 2017).
    • (2017)
  • 4
    • 85040367565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Replication Crisis and Chemistry Education Research
    • Cooper, M. M. The Replication Crisis and Chemistry Education Research. J. Chem. Educ. 2018, 95, 1-2, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00907
    • (2018) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.95 , pp. 1-2
    • Cooper, M.M.1
  • 5
    • 84884176516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New Guidelines for Chemistry Education Research Manuscripts and Future Directions of the Field
    • Towns, M. H. New Guidelines for Chemistry Education Research Manuscripts and Future Directions of the Field. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1107-1108, 10.1021/ed400476f
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1107-1108
    • Towns, M.H.1
  • 7
    • 84908696172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry Education Research Trends: 2004-2013
    • Teo, T. W.; Goh, M. T.; Yeo, L. W. Chemistry Education Research Trends: 2004-2013. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2014, 15, 470-487, 10.1039/C4RP00104D
    • (2014) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.15 , pp. 470-487
    • Teo, T.W.1    Goh, M.T.2    Yeo, L.W.3
  • 8
    • 84904292988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Review of Research on the Teaching and Learning of Thermodynamics at the University Level
    • Bain, K.; Moon, A.; Mack, M. R.; Towns, M. H. A Review of Research on the Teaching and Learning of Thermodynamics at the University Level. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2014, 15, 320-335, 10.1039/C4RP00011K
    • (2014) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.15 , pp. 320-335
    • Bain, K.1    Moon, A.2    Mack, M.R.3    Towns, M.H.4
  • 9
    • 85016428622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Review of Research on the Teaching and Learning of Chemical Kinetics
    • Bain, K.; Towns, M. H. A Review of Research on the Teaching and Learning of Chemical Kinetics. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2016, 17, 246-262, 10.1039/C5RP00176E
    • (2016) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.17 , pp. 246-262
    • Bain, K.1    Towns, M.H.2
  • 10
    • 84929261071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Tip of the Iceberg in Organic Chemistry Classes: How Do Students Deal with the Invisible?
    • Graulich, N. The Tip of the Iceberg in Organic Chemistry Classes: How Do Students Deal with the Invisible?. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2015, 16, 9-21, 10.1039/C4RP00165F
    • (2015) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.16 , pp. 9-21
    • Graulich, N.1
  • 11
    • 79751513645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Review of Spatial Ability Literature, Its Connection to Chemistry, and Implications for Instruction
    • Harle, M.; Towns, M. A Review of Spatial Ability Literature, Its Connection to Chemistry, and Implications for Instruction. J. Chem. Educ. 2011, 88, 351-360, 10.1021/ed900003n
    • (2011) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.88 , pp. 351-360
    • Harle, M.1    Towns, M.2
  • 12
    • 85023153632 scopus 로고
    • Chapter XIII. Chemical Education
    • Powers, S. Chapter XIII. Chemical Education. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1926, 48, 237-254, 10.1021/ja01419a812
    • (1926) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.48 , pp. 237-254
    • Powers, S.1
  • 13
    • 17244371589 scopus 로고
    • The History of Chemical Education in the United States from 1870 to 1914
    • Hale, H. The History of Chemical Education in the United States from 1870 to 1914. J. Chem. Educ. 1932, 9, 729, 10.1021/ed009p729
    • (1932) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.9 , pp. 729
    • Hale, H.1
  • 14
    • 0038472167 scopus 로고
    • How Chemistry Is Best Taught
    • Mabery, C. F. How Chemistry Is Best Taught. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1893, 15, 463-475, 10.1021/ja02118a006
    • (1893) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.15 , pp. 463-475
    • Mabery, C.F.1
  • 15
    • 0039892202 scopus 로고
    • Is There a Science of Education?
    • Royce, J. Is There a Science of Education?. Educ. Rev. 1891, 1, 15-25
    • (1891) Educ. Rev. , vol.1 , pp. 15-25
    • Royce, J.1
  • 16
    • 0141973813 scopus 로고
    • The Development of Chemistry Teaching: A Changing Response to Changing Demand
    • Johnstone, A. H. The Development of Chemistry Teaching: A Changing Response to Changing Demand. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 701, 10.1021/ed070p701
    • (1993) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.70 , pp. 701
    • Johnstone, A.H.1
  • 17
    • 1842823661 scopus 로고
    • What We Teach Our Freshmen in Chemistry
    • Cornog, J.; Colbert, J. C. What We Teach Our Freshmen in Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 1924, 1, 5, 10.1021/ed001p5
    • (1924) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.1 , pp. 5
    • Cornog, J.1    Colbert, J.C.2
  • 18
    • 84878695534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Assessments to Investigate and Compare the Nature of Learning in Undergraduate Science Courses
    • Momsen, J.; Offerdahl, E.; Kryjevskaia, M.; Montplaisir, L.; Anderson, E.; Grosz, N. Using Assessments to Investigate and Compare the Nature of Learning in Undergraduate Science Courses. CBE-Life Sci. Educ. 2013, 12, 239-249, 10.1187/cbe.12-08-0130
    • (2013) CBE-Life Sci. Educ. , vol.12 , pp. 239-249
    • Momsen, J.1    Offerdahl, E.2    Kryjevskaia, M.3    Montplaisir, L.4    Anderson, E.5    Grosz, N.6
  • 19
    • 22044451898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Influence of Assessment Method on Students' Learning Approaches: Multiple Choice Question Examination versus Assignment Essay
    • Scouller, K. The Influence of Assessment Method on Students' Learning Approaches: Multiple Choice Question Examination versus Assignment Essay. High. Educ. 1998, 35, 453-472, 10.1023/A:1003196224280
    • (1998) High. Educ. , vol.35 , pp. 453-472
    • Scouller, K.1
  • 20
    • 21844488908 scopus 로고
    • Students' Experiences in Studying for Multiple Choice Question Examinations
    • Scouller, K. M.; Prosser, M. Students' Experiences in Studying for Multiple Choice Question Examinations. Stud. High. Educ. 1994, 19, 267-279, 10.1080/03075079412331381870
    • (1994) Stud. High. Educ. , vol.19 , pp. 267-279
    • Scouller, K.M.1    Prosser, M.2
  • 22
    • 34249924268 scopus 로고
    • Approaches to Learning and Perceptions of the Learning Environment
    • Entwistle, N. J. Approaches to Learning and Perceptions of the Learning Environment. High. Educ. 1991, 22, 201-204, 10.1007/BF00132287
    • (1991) High. Educ. , vol.22 , pp. 201-204
    • Entwistle, N.J.1
  • 23
    • 84965599903 scopus 로고
    • The Impact of Classroom Evaluation Practices on Students
    • Crooks, T. J. The Impact of Classroom Evaluation Practices on Students. Rev. Educ. Res. 1988, 58, 438-481, 10.3102/00346543058004438
    • (1988) Rev. Educ. Res. , vol.58 , pp. 438-481
    • Crooks, T.J.1
  • 25
    • 27544486189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Tale of Two Textbooks - History and Influence of Sienko & Plane and Morrison and Boyd Detailed at Symposium
    • Borman, S. A Tale of Two Textbooks-History and Influence of Sienko & Plane and Morrison and Boyd Detailed at Symposium. Chem. Eng. News 2005, 83, 48-51
    • (2005) Chem. Eng. News , vol.83 , pp. 48-51
    • Borman, S.1
  • 27
    • 84455175167 scopus 로고
    • Toward an Epistemology of Physics
    • diSessa, A. A. Toward an Epistemology of Physics. Cogn. Instr. 1993, 10, 105-225, 10.1080/07370008.1985.9649008
    • (1993) Cogn. Instr. , vol.10 , pp. 105-225
    • Disessa, A.A.1
  • 28
    • 84905676697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining Cognitive Development from a Conceptual Change Point of View: The Framework Theory Approach
    • Vosniadou, S. Examining Cognitive Development from a Conceptual Change Point of View: The Framework Theory Approach. Eur. J. Dev. Psychol. 2014, 11, 645-661, 10.1080/17405629.2014.921153
    • (2014) Eur. J. Dev. Psychol. , vol.11 , pp. 645-661
    • Vosniadou, S.1
  • 29
    • 84881108944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual Change from the Framework Theory Side of the Fence
    • Vosniadou, S.; Skopeliti, I. Conceptual Change from the Framework Theory Side of the Fence. Sci. Educ. 2014, 23, 1427-1445, 10.1007/s11191-013-9640-3
    • (2014) Sci. Educ. , vol.23 , pp. 1427-1445
    • Vosniadou, S.1    Skopeliti, I.2
  • 30
    • 84983946018 scopus 로고
    • Accommodation of a Scientific Conception: Toward a Theory of Conceptual Change
    • Posner, G. J.; Strike, K. A.; Hewson, P. W.; Gertzog, W. A. Accommodation of a Scientific Conception: Toward a Theory of Conceptual Change. Sci. Educ. 1982, 66, 211-227, 10.1002/sce.3730660207
    • (1982) Sci. Educ. , vol.66 , pp. 211-227
    • Posner, G.J.1    Strike, K.A.2    Hewson, P.W.3    Gertzog, W.A.4
  • 31
    • 17444380790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commonsense Conceptions of Emergent Processes: Why Some Misconceptions Are Robust
    • Chi, M. T. H. Commonsense Conceptions of Emergent Processes: Why Some Misconceptions Are Robust. J. Learn. Sci. 2005, 14, 161-199, 10.1207/s15327809jls1402-1
    • (2005) J. Learn. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 161-199
    • Chi, M.T.H.1
  • 32
    • 84880545817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Investigation of College Chemistry Students' Understanding of Structure-Property Relationships
    • Cooper, M. M.; Corley, L. M.; Underwood, S. M. An Investigation of College Chemistry Students' Understanding of Structure-Property Relationships. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2013, 50, 699-721, 10.1002/tea.21093
    • (2013) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.50 , pp. 699-721
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Corley, L.M.2    Underwood, S.M.3
  • 33
    • 84938921605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student Understanding of Intermolecular Forces: A Multimodal Study
    • Cooper, M. M.; Williams, L. C.; Underwood, S. M. Student Understanding of Intermolecular Forces: A Multimodal Study. J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92, 1288-1298, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00169
    • (2015) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.92 , pp. 1288-1298
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Williams, L.C.2    Underwood, S.M.3
  • 34
    • 84923651427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' Understandings of Acid Strength: How Meaningful Is Reliability When Measuring Alternative Conceptions?
    • Bretz, S. L.; McClary, L. Students' Understandings of Acid Strength: How Meaningful Is Reliability When Measuring Alternative Conceptions?. J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92, 212-219, 10.1021/ed5005195
    • (2015) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.92 , pp. 212-219
    • Bretz, S.L.1    McClary, L.2
  • 35
    • 84908671659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' Understanding of Alkyl Halide Reactions in Undergraduate Organic Chemistry
    • Cruz-Ramírez de Arellano, D.; Towns, M. H. Students' Understanding of Alkyl Halide Reactions in Undergraduate Organic Chemistry. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2014, 15, 501-515, 10.1039/C3RP00089C
    • (2014) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.15 , pp. 501-515
    • Cruz-Ramírez De Arellano, D.1    Towns, M.H.2
  • 36
    • 84956821198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' Ideas about How and Why Chemical Reactions Happen: Mapping the Conceptual Landscape
    • Yan, F.; Talanquer, V. Students' Ideas about How and Why Chemical Reactions Happen: Mapping the Conceptual Landscape. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2015, 37, 3066-3092, 10.1080/09500693.2015.1121414
    • (2015) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.37 , pp. 3066-3092
    • Yan, F.1    Talanquer, V.2
  • 38
    • 33947351536 scopus 로고
    • College Research
    • Holmes, H. N. College Research. J. Chem. Educ. 1924, 1, 81, 10.1021/ed001p81
    • (1924) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.1 , pp. 81
    • Holmes, H.N.1
  • 39
    • 84990115112 scopus 로고
    • Part III. Curriculum Project Reports: The Science Curriculum Improvement Study-Report to the Piaget Conference
    • Karplus, R. Part III. Curriculum Project Reports: The Science Curriculum Improvement Study-Report to the Piaget Conference. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1964, 2, 236-240, 10.1002/tea.3660020317
    • (1964) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.2 , pp. 236-240
    • Karplus, R.1
  • 40
    • 33947335505 scopus 로고
    • Chemical Phenomena in Elementary School Science
    • Karplus, R. Chemical Phenomena in Elementary School Science. J. Chem. Educ. 1966, 43, 267-269, 10.1021/ed043p267
    • (1966) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.43 , pp. 267-269
    • Karplus, R.1
  • 42
    • 78751698655 scopus 로고
    • Genetic Epistemology
    • Piaget, J.; Duckworth, E. Genetic Epistemology. Am. Behav. Sci. 1970, 13, 459-480, 10.1177/000276427001300320
    • (1970) Am. Behav. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 459-480
    • Piaget, J.1    Duckworth, E.2
  • 43
    • 0004007574 scopus 로고
    • The University Series in Psychology; Van Nostrand and Co. Inc. Princeton, NJ
    • Flavell, J. H. The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget; The University Series in Psychology; Van Nostrand and Co., Inc.: Princeton, NJ, 1964; Vol. 2.
    • (1964) The Developmental Psychology of Jean Piaget , vol.2
    • Flavell, J.H.1
  • 44
    • 0003830240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychology Press: New York
    • Piaget, J. Structuralism; Psychology Press: New York, 2015.
    • (2015) Structuralism
    • Piaget, J.1
  • 47
    • 84954135040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A History of Conceptual Change Research: Threads and Fault Lines
    • Cambridge University Press: New York
    • diSessa, A. A. A History of Conceptual Change Research: Threads and Fault Lines. In The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences; Cambridge University Press: New York, 2014; pp 88-108.
    • (2014) The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences , pp. 88-108
    • Disessa, A.A.1
  • 48
    • 84990100752 scopus 로고
    • The Science Curriculum Improvement Study
    • Karplus, R. The Science Curriculum Improvement Study. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1964, 2, 293-303, 10.1002/tea.3660020406
    • (1964) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.2 , pp. 293-303
    • Karplus, R.1
  • 49
    • 0038080808 scopus 로고
    • The Philosophy of Jean Piaget and Its Usefulness to Teachers of Chemistry
    • Craig, B. S. The Philosophy of Jean Piaget and Its Usefulness to Teachers of Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 1972, 49, 807, 10.1021/ed049p807
    • (1972) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.49 , pp. 807
    • Craig, B.S.1
  • 50
    • 0001000513 scopus 로고
    • Constructivism: A Theory of Knowledge
    • Bodner, G. M. Constructivism: A Theory of Knowledge. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 873, 10.1021/ed063p873
    • (1986) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.63 , pp. 873
    • Bodner, G.M.1
  • 51
    • 0036625299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Framing Constructivism in Practice as the Negotiation of Dilemmas: An Analysis of the Conceptual, Pedagogical, Cultural, and Political Challenges Facing Teachers
    • Windschitl, M. Framing Constructivism in Practice as the Negotiation of Dilemmas: An Analysis of the Conceptual, Pedagogical, Cultural, and Political Challenges Facing Teachers. Rev. Educ. Res. 2002, 72, 131-175, 10.3102/00346543072002131
    • (2002) Rev. Educ. Res. , vol.72 , pp. 131-175
    • Windschitl, M.1
  • 53
    • 0001469808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Workshop Chemistry Project: Peer-Led Team-Learning
    • Gosser, D. K.; Roth, V. The Workshop Chemistry Project: Peer-Led Team-Learning. J. Chem. Educ. 1998, 75, 185-187, 10.1021/ed075p185
    • (1998) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.75 , pp. 185-187
    • Gosser, D.K.1    Roth, V.2
  • 54
    • 84991239723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small Groups, Significant Impact: A Review of Peer-Led Team Learning Research with Implications for STEM Education Researchers and Faculty
    • Wilson, S. B.; Varma-Nelson, P. Small Groups, Significant Impact: A Review of Peer-Led Team Learning Research with Implications for STEM Education Researchers and Faculty. J. Chem. Educ. 2016, 93, 1686-1702, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00862
    • (2016) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.93 , pp. 1686-1702
    • Wilson, S.B.1    Varma-Nelson, P.2
  • 56
    • 0346400746 scopus 로고
    • Making Chemistry Learning More Meaningful
    • Ebenezer, J. V. Making Chemistry Learning More Meaningful. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 464-467, 10.1021/ed069p464
    • (1992) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.69 , pp. 464-467
    • Ebenezer, J.V.1
  • 59
    • 0035419249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novak's Theory of Education: Human Constructivism and Meaningful Learning
    • Bretz, S. L. Novak's Theory of Education: Human Constructivism and Meaningful Learning. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1107-1115, 10.1021/ed078p1107.6
    • (2001) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.78 , pp. 1107-1115
    • Bretz, S.L.1
  • 62
    • 0011660294 scopus 로고
    • Piaget for Chemists. Explaining What "good" Students Cannot Understand
    • Herron, J. D. Piaget for Chemists. Explaining What "Good" Students Cannot Understand. J. Chem. Educ. 1975, 52, 146-150, 10.1021/ed052p146
    • (1975) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.52 , pp. 146-150
    • Herron, J.D.1
  • 63
    • 0346594319 scopus 로고
    • Macro- and Microchemistry
    • Johnstone, A. H. Macro- and Microchemistry. Sch. Sci. Rev. 1982, 64, 377-379
    • (1982) Sch. Sci. Rev. , vol.64 , pp. 377-379
    • Johnstone, A.H.1
  • 64
    • 0036683323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting Understanding of Chemical Bonding and Spontaneity through Student Explanation and Integration of Ideas
    • Teichert, M. A.; Stacy, A. M. Promoting Understanding of Chemical Bonding and Spontaneity through Student Explanation and Integration of Ideas. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2002, 39, 464-496, 10.1002/tea.10033
    • (2002) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.39 , pp. 464-496
    • Teichert, M.A.1    Stacy, A.M.2
  • 65
    • 84991125102 scopus 로고
    • Why Is Science Difficult to Learn? Things Are Seldom What They Seem
    • Johnstone, A. H. Why Is Science Difficult to Learn? Things Are Seldom What They Seem. J. Comput. Assist. Learn. 1991, 7, 75-83, 10.1111/j.1365-2729.1991.tb00230.x
    • (1991) J. Comput. Assist. Learn. , vol.7 , pp. 75-83
    • Johnstone, A.H.1
  • 66
    • 84876165120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the Chemistry Triplet: Drawing upon the Nature of Chemical Knowledge and the Psychology of Learning to Inform Chemistry Education
    • Taber, K. S. Revisiting the Chemistry Triplet: Drawing upon the Nature of Chemical Knowledge and the Psychology of Learning to Inform Chemistry Education. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2013, 14, 156-168, 10.1039/C3RP00012E
    • (2013) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.14 , pp. 156-168
    • Taber, K.S.1
  • 67
    • 78651479934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macro, Submicro, and Symbolic: The Many Faces of the Chemistry "triplet"
    • Talanquer, V. Macro, Submicro, and Symbolic: The Many Faces of the Chemistry "Triplet". Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2011, 33, 179-195, 10.1080/09500690903386435
    • (2011) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.33 , pp. 179-195
    • Talanquer, V.1
  • 68
    • 0010154665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving Teaching and Learning through Chemistry Education Research: A Look to the Future
    • Gabel, D. Improving Teaching and Learning through Chemistry Education Research: A Look to the Future. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 548-554, 10.1021/ed076p548
    • (1999) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.76 , pp. 548-554
    • Gabel, D.1
  • 71
    • 0142153190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working Memory: Looking Back and Looking Forward
    • Baddeley, A. Working Memory: Looking Back and Looking Forward. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4, 829-839, 10.1038/nrn1201
    • (2003) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.4 , pp. 829-839
    • Baddeley, A.1
  • 72
    • 39749093168 scopus 로고
    • The Magical Number Seven, plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information
    • Miller, G. A. The Magical Number Seven, plus or Minus Two: Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information. Psychol. Rev. 1956, 63, 81-97, 10.1037/h0043158
    • (1956) Psychol. Rev. , vol.63 , pp. 81-97
    • Miller, G.A.1
  • 74
    • 4544248322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant Capacity in an Immediate Serial-Recall Task: A Logical Sequel to Miller (1956)
    • Cowan, N.; Chen, Z.; Rouder, J. N. Constant Capacity in an Immediate Serial-Recall Task: A Logical Sequel to Miller (1956). Psychol. Sci. 2004, 15, 634-640, 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00732.x
    • (2004) Psychol. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 634-640
    • Cowan, N.1    Chen, Z.2    Rouder, J.N.3
  • 75
    • 84855899455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What's Magic about Magic Numbers? Chunking and Data Compression in Short-Term Memory
    • Mathy, F.; Feldman, J. What's Magic about Magic Numbers? Chunking and Data Compression in Short-Term Memory. Cognition 2012, 122, 346-362, 10.1016/j.cognition.2011.11.003
    • (2012) Cognition , vol.122 , pp. 346-362
    • Mathy, F.1    Feldman, J.2
  • 76
    • 0001141431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry Teaching - Science or Alchemy?
    • Johnstone, A. H. Chemistry Teaching-Science or Alchemy?. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 262-268, 10.1021/ed074p262
    • (1997) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.74 , pp. 262-268
    • Johnstone, A.H.1
  • 77
    • 33646380861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical Education Research in Glasgow in Perspective
    • Johnstone, A. H. Chemical Education Research in Glasgow in Perspective. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2006, 7, 49-63, 10.1039/B5RP90021B
    • (2006) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.7 , pp. 49-63
    • Johnstone, A.H.1
  • 78
    • 77950172441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You Can't Get There from Here
    • Johnstone, A. H. You Can't Get There from Here. J. Chem. Educ. 2010, 87, 22-29, 10.1021/ed800026d
    • (2010) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.87 , pp. 22-29
    • Johnstone, A.H.1
  • 79
    • 0000031681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multimedia and Understanding: Expert and Novice Responses to Different Representations of Chemical Phenomena
    • Kozma, R.; Russell, J. Multimedia and Understanding: Expert and Novice Responses to Different Representations of Chemical Phenomena. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1997, 34, 949-968, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199711)34:9<949::AID-TEA7>3.0.CO;2-U
    • (1997) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.34 , pp. 949-968
    • Kozma, R.1    Russell, J.2
  • 80
    • 0001067535 scopus 로고
    • Cognitive Structures of Good and Poor Novice Problem Solvers in Physics
    • de Jong, T.; Ferguson-Hessler, M. G. M. Cognitive Structures of Good and Poor Novice Problem Solvers in Physics. J. Educ. Psychol. 1986, 78, 279-288, 10.1037/0022-0663.78.4.279
    • (1986) J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.78 , pp. 279-288
    • De Jong, T.1    Ferguson-Hessler, M.G.M.2
  • 83
    • 84983920942 scopus 로고
    • Junior High School Pupils' Understanding of the Particulate Nature of Matter: An Interview Study
    • Novick, S.; Nussbaum, J. Junior High School Pupils' Understanding of the Particulate Nature of Matter: An Interview Study. Sci. Educ. 1978, 62, 273-281, 10.1002/sce.3730620303
    • (1978) Sci. Educ. , vol.62 , pp. 273-281
    • Novick, S.1    Nussbaum, J.2
  • 84
    • 84984014327 scopus 로고
    • Pupils' Understanding of the Particulate Nature of Matter: A Cross-Age Study
    • Novick, S.; Nussbaum, J. Pupils' Understanding of the Particulate Nature of Matter: A Cross-Age Study. Sci. Educ. 1981, 65, 187-196, 10.1002/sce.3730650209
    • (1981) Sci. Educ. , vol.65 , pp. 187-196
    • Novick, S.1    Nussbaum, J.2
  • 85
    • 0038858158 scopus 로고
    • Conceptions of First-year University Students of the Constituents of Matter and the Notions of Acids and Bases
    • Cros, D.; Maurin, M.; Amouroux, R.; Chastrette, M.; Leber, J.; Fayol, M. Conceptions of First-year University Students of the Constituents of Matter and the Notions of Acids and Bases. Eur. J. Sci. Educ. 1986, 8, 305-313, 10.1080/0140528860080307
    • (1986) Eur. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.8 , pp. 305-313
    • Cros, D.1    Maurin, M.2    Amouroux, R.3    Chastrette, M.4    Leber, J.5    Fayol, M.6
  • 86
    • 0348218669 scopus 로고
    • Conceptions of Second Year University Students of Some Fundamental Notions in Chemistry
    • Cros, D.; Chastrette, M.; Fayol, M. Conceptions of Second Year University Students of Some Fundamental Notions in Chemistry. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 1988, 10, 331-336, 10.1080/0950069880100308
    • (1988) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.10 , pp. 331-336
    • Cros, D.1    Chastrette, M.2    Fayol, M.3
  • 87
    • 84950433530 scopus 로고
    • Development and Use of Diagnostic Tests to Evaluate Students' Misconceptions in Science
    • Treagust, D. F. Development and Use of Diagnostic Tests to Evaluate Students' Misconceptions in Science. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 1988, 10, 159-169, 10.1080/0950069880100204
    • (1988) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.10 , pp. 159-169
    • Treagust, D.F.1
  • 88
    • 0038917203 scopus 로고
    • Parallels between Adolescents' Conception of Gases and the History of Chemistry
    • Mas, C. J. F.; Perez, J. H.; Harris, H. H. Parallels between Adolescents' Conception of Gases and the History of Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 616-618, 10.1021/ed064p616
    • (1987) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.64 , pp. 616-618
    • Mas, C.J.F.1    Perez, J.H.2    Harris, H.H.3
  • 89
    • 84950452895 scopus 로고
    • Children's Conception of Gas
    • Stavy, R. Children's Conception of Gas. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 1988, 10, 553-560, 10.1080/0950069880100508
    • (1988) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.10 , pp. 553-560
    • Stavy, R.1
  • 90
    • 84987217305 scopus 로고
    • Student Understanding of Chemical Equation Balancing
    • Yarroch, W. L. Student Understanding of Chemical Equation Balancing. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1985, 22, 449-459, 10.1002/tea.3660220507
    • (1985) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.22 , pp. 449-459
    • Yarroch, W.L.1
  • 91
    • 84987223403 scopus 로고
    • Pupils' Explanations of Some Aspects of Chemical Reactions
    • Andersson, B. Pupils' Explanations of Some Aspects of Chemical Reactions. Sci. Educ. 1986, 70, 549-563, 10.1002/sce.3730700508
    • (1986) Sci. Educ. , vol.70 , pp. 549-563
    • Andersson, B.1
  • 92
    • 33845282813 scopus 로고
    • A New Road to Reactions. Part 4. the Substance and Its Molecules
    • de Vos, W.; Verdonk, A. H. A New Road to Reactions. Part 4. The Substance and Its Molecules. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 692-694, 10.1021/ed064p692
    • (1987) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.64 , pp. 692-694
    • De Vos, W.1    Verdonk, A.H.2
  • 93
    • 0002208062 scopus 로고
    • Physical Phenomena - Chemical Phenomena: Do Pupils Make the Distinction?
    • Stavridou, H.; Solomonidou, C. Physical Phenomena - chemical Phenomena: Do Pupils Make the Distinction?. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 1989, 11, 83-92, 10.1080/0950069890110108
    • (1989) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.11 , pp. 83-92
    • Stavridou, H.1    Solomonidou, C.2
  • 94
    • 0040043078 scopus 로고
    • A New Road to Reactions: Part III. Teaching the Heat Effect of Reactions
    • de Vos, W.; Verdonk, A. H. A New Road to Reactions: Part III. Teaching the Heat Effect of Reactions. J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 972-974, 10.1021/ed063p972
    • (1986) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.63 , pp. 972-974
    • De Vos, W.1    Verdonk, A.H.2
  • 95
    • 84983946010 scopus 로고
    • On the Concept "chemical Equilibrium": The Associative Framework
    • Gussarsky, E.; Gorodetsky, M. On the Concept "Chemical Equilibrium": The Associative Framework. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1990, 27, 197-204, 10.1002/tea.3660270303
    • (1990) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.27 , pp. 197-204
    • Gussarsky, E.1    Gorodetsky, M.2
  • 96
    • 84950456656 scopus 로고
    • Students' Alternative Conceptions in Chemistry: A Review of Research and Implications for Teaching and Learning
    • Garnett, P. J.; Garnett, P. J.; Hackling, M. W. Students' Alternative Conceptions in Chemistry: A Review of Research and Implications for Teaching and Learning. Stud. Sci. Educ. 1995, 25, 69-96, 10.1080/03057269508560050
    • (1995) Stud. Sci. Educ. , vol.25 , pp. 69-96
    • Garnett, P.J.1    Garnett, P.J.2    Hackling, M.W.3
  • 97
    • 0036605823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Inventory for Alternate Conceptions among First-Semester General Chemistry Students
    • Mulford, D. R.; Robinson, W. R. An Inventory for Alternate Conceptions among First-Semester General Chemistry Students. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 739-744, 10.1021/ed079p739
    • (2002) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.79 , pp. 739-744
    • Mulford, D.R.1    Robinson, W.R.2
  • 98
    • 27744497730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry Textbook Approaches to Chemical Equilibrium and Student Alternative Conceptions
    • Pedrosa, M. A.; Dias, M. H. Chemistry Textbook Approaches to Chemical Equilibrium and Student Alternative Conceptions. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2000, 1, 227-236, 10.1039/A9RP90024A
    • (2000) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.1 , pp. 227-236
    • Pedrosa, M.A.1    Dias, M.H.2
  • 99
    • 0039738331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective Teachers' Ideas about the Relationships between Concepts Describing the Composition of Matter
    • Pozo, R. M. D. Prospective Teachers' Ideas about the Relationships between Concepts Describing the Composition of Matter. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2001, 23, 353-371, 10.1080/09500690121334
    • (2001) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.23 , pp. 353-371
    • Pozo, R.M.D.1
  • 100
    • 0041078917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Report of Undergraduates' Bonding Misconceptions
    • Nicoll, G. A Report of Undergraduates' Bonding Misconceptions. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2001, 23, 707-730, 10.1080/09500690010025012
    • (2001) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.23 , pp. 707-730
    • Nicoll, G.1
  • 101
    • 0036605594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by Prospective Teachers in Electrochemistry: Half-Cell Potential, Cell Potential, and Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibrium in Galvanic Cells
    • Özkaya, A. R. Conceptual Difficulties Experienced by Prospective Teachers in Electrochemistry: Half-Cell Potential, Cell Potential, and Chemical and Electrochemical Equilibrium in Galvanic Cells. J. Chem. Educ. 2002, 79, 735-738, 10.1021/ed079p735
    • (2002) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.79 , pp. 735-738
    • Özkaya, A.R.1
  • 102
    • 0141888368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arguments, Contradictions, Resistances, and Conceptual Change in Students' Understanding of Atomic Structure
    • Niaz, M.; Aguilera, D.; Maza, A.; Liendo, G. Arguments, Contradictions, Resistances, and Conceptual Change in Students' Understanding of Atomic Structure. Sci. Educ. 2002, 86, 505-525, 10.1002/sce.10035
    • (2002) Sci. Educ. , vol.86 , pp. 505-525
    • Niaz, M.1    Aguilera, D.2    Maza, A.3    Liendo, G.4
  • 103
    • 17744374274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students Difficulties in Understanding of the Conservation of Matter in Open and Closed-System Chemical Reactions
    • Özmen, H.; Ayas, A. Students Difficulties in Understanding of the Conservation of Matter in Open and Closed-System Chemical Reactions. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2003, 4, 279-290, 10.1039/B3RP90017G
    • (2003) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.4 , pp. 279-290
    • Özmen, H.1    Ayas, A.2
  • 104
    • 2042515612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major Sources of Difficulty in Students' Understanding of Basic Inorganic Qualitative Analysis
    • Treagust, D. F.; Tan, K. C. D.; Goh, N. K.; Chia, L. S. Major Sources of Difficulty in Students' Understanding of Basic Inorganic Qualitative Analysis. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 725-732, 10.1021/ed081p725
    • (2004) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.81 , pp. 725-732
    • Treagust, D.F.1    Tan, K.C.D.2    Goh, N.K.3    Chia, L.S.4
  • 105
    • 10844223767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Investigation of Tertiary Students' Understanding of Evaporation, Condensation and Vapour Pressure
    • Gopal, H.; Kleinsmidt, J.; Case, J.; Musonge, P. An Investigation of Tertiary Students' Understanding of Evaporation, Condensation and Vapour Pressure. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2004, 26, 1597-1620, 10.1080/09500690410001673829
    • (2004) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.26 , pp. 1597-1620
    • Gopal, H.1    Kleinsmidt, J.2    Case, J.3    Musonge, P.4
  • 106
    • 33746949812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective Teachers' Misconceptions of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure
    • Canpolat, N.; Pinarbasi, T.; Sözbilir, M. Prospective Teachers' Misconceptions of Vaporization and Vapor Pressure. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 1237-1242, 10.1021/ed083p1237
    • (2006) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.83 , pp. 1237-1242
    • Canpolat, N.1    Pinarbasi, T.2    Sözbilir, M.3
  • 107
    • 33751324393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turkish Undergraduates' Misconceptions of Evaporation, Evaporation Rate, and Vapour Pressure
    • Canpolat, N. Turkish Undergraduates' Misconceptions of Evaporation, Evaporation Rate, and Vapour Pressure. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2006, 28, 1757-1770, 10.1080/09500690600779957
    • (2006) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.28 , pp. 1757-1770
    • Canpolat, N.1
  • 108
    • 34047123230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A National Survey of Students' Conceptions of Chemistry in Taiwan
    • Chiu, M.-H. A National Survey of Students' Conceptions of Chemistry in Taiwan. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2007, 29, 421-452, 10.1080/09500690601072964
    • (2007) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.29 , pp. 421-452
    • Chiu, M.-H.1
  • 109
    • 48749114644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of Students' Alternative Conceptions about Chemical Equilibrium: A Review of Research and the Case of Turkey
    • Özmen, H. Determination of Students' Alternative Conceptions about Chemical Equilibrium: A Review of Research and the Case of Turkey. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2008, 9, 225-233, 10.1039/B812411F
    • (2008) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.9 , pp. 225-233
    • Özmen, H.1
  • 110
    • 77952967502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying Alternative Conceptions of Chemical Kinetics among Secondary School and Undergraduate Students in Turkey
    • Cakmakci, G. Identifying Alternative Conceptions of Chemical Kinetics among Secondary School and Undergraduate Students in Turkey. J. Chem. Educ. 2010, 87, 449-455, 10.1021/ed8001336
    • (2010) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.87 , pp. 449-455
    • Cakmakci, G.1
  • 111
    • 80054118995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncovering Students' Incorrect Ideas about Foundational Concepts for Biochemistry
    • Villafañe, S. M.; Loertscher, J.; Minderhout, V.; Lewis, J. E. Uncovering Students' Incorrect Ideas about Foundational Concepts for Biochemistry. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2011, 12, 210-218, 10.1039/C1RP90026A
    • (2011) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.12 , pp. 210-218
    • Villafañe, S.M.1    Loertscher, J.2    Minderhout, V.3    Lewis, J.E.4
  • 112
    • 84867755426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Student Misconceptions in Writing Balanced Equations for Dissolving Ionic Compounds in Water
    • Naah, B. M.; Sanger, M. J. Student Misconceptions in Writing Balanced Equations for Dissolving Ionic Compounds in Water. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2012, 13, 186-194, 10.1039/C2RP00015F
    • (2012) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.13 , pp. 186-194
    • Naah, B.M.1    Sanger, M.J.2
  • 113
    • 84872576925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hungarian University Students' Misunderstandings in Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics
    • Turányi, T.; Tóth, Z. Hungarian University Students' Misunderstandings in Thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2013, 14, 105-116, 10.1039/C2RP20015E
    • (2013) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.14 , pp. 105-116
    • Turányi, T.1    Tóth, Z.2
  • 114
    • 84882281894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the Alternative Conceptions of Preservice Teachers and High School Students Concerning Atomic Size
    • Eymur, G.; Cetin, P.; Geban, Ö. Analysis of the Alternative Conceptions of Preservice Teachers and High School Students Concerning Atomic Size. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 976-980, 10.1021/ed300027f
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 976-980
    • Eymur, G.1    Cetin, P.2    Geban, Ö.3
  • 115
    • 84878706253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Trouble with Chemical Energy: Why Understanding Bond Energies Requires an Interdisciplinary Systems Approach
    • Cooper, M. M.; Klymkowsky, M. W. The Trouble with Chemical Energy: Why Understanding Bond Energies Requires an Interdisciplinary Systems Approach. CBE Life Sci. Educ 2013, 12, 306-312, 10.1187/cbe.12-10-0170
    • (2013) CBE Life Sci. Educ , vol.12 , pp. 306-312
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Klymkowsky, M.W.2
  • 116
    • 0012448066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' Understandings of Chemical Bonds and the Energetics of Chemical Reactions
    • Boo, H. K. Students' Understandings of Chemical Bonds and the Energetics of Chemical Reactions. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1998, 35, 569-581, 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199805)35:5<569::AID-TEA6>3.0.CO;2-N
    • (1998) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.35 , pp. 569-581
    • Boo, H.K.1
  • 118
  • 119
    • 0003150291 scopus 로고
    • From Things to Processes: A Theory of Conceptual Change for Learning Science Concepts
    • Chi, M. T. H.; Slotta, J. D.; De Leeuw, N. From Things to Processes: A Theory of Conceptual Change for Learning Science Concepts. Learn. Instr. 1994, 4, 27-43, 10.1016/0959-4752(94)90017-5
    • (1994) Learn. Instr. , vol.4 , pp. 27-43
    • Chi, M.T.H.1    Slotta, J.D.2    De Leeuw, N.3
  • 120
    • 0001809524 scopus 로고
    • Explaining the ''at Rest'' Condition of an Object
    • Minstrell, J. Explaining the ''at Rest'' Condition of an Object. Phys. Teach. 1982, 20, 10-14, 10.1119/1.2340924
    • (1982) Phys. Teach. , vol.20 , pp. 10-14
    • Minstrell, J.1
  • 122
    • 84930088579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative Conceptions and P-Prims
    • Springer: Dordrecht
    • diSessa, A. Alternative Conceptions and P-Prims. In Encyclopedia of Science Education; Gunstone, R., Ed.; Springer: Dordrecht, 2015; pp 34-37.
    • (2015) Encyclopedia of Science Education , pp. 34-37
    • Disessa, A.1    Gunstone, R.2
  • 123
    • 42649127503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conceptual Resources for Learning Science: Issues of Transience and Grain-size in Cognition and Cognitive Structure
    • Taber, K. S. Conceptual Resources for Learning Science: Issues of Transience and Grain-size in Cognition and Cognitive Structure. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2008, 30, 1027-1053, 10.1080/09500690701485082
    • (2008) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.30 , pp. 1027-1053
    • Taber, K.S.1
  • 124
    • 77950938427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning Processes in Chemistry: Drawing Upon Cognitive Resources to Learn about the Particulate Structure of Matter
    • Taber, K. S.; García-Franco, A. Learning Processes in Chemistry: Drawing Upon Cognitive Resources to Learn About the Particulate Structure of Matter. J. Learn. Sci. 2010, 19, 99-142, 10.1080/10508400903452868
    • (2010) J. Learn. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 99-142
    • Taber, K.S.1    García-Franco, A.2
  • 125
    • 0000795412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naive Theories of Motion
    • Psychology Press: New York
    • McCloskey, M. Naive Theories of Motion. In Mental Models; Genter, D., Stevens, A. L., Eds.; Psychology Press: New York, 2014; pp 299-322.
    • (2014) Mental Models , pp. 299-322
    • McCloskey, M.1    Genter, D.2    Stevens, A.L.3
  • 128
    • 0002352339 scopus 로고
    • Dual Processes in Reasoning?
    • Wason, P. C.; Evans, J. S. B. T. Dual Processes in Reasoning?. Cognition 1974, 3, 141-154, 10.1016/0010-0277(74)90017-1
    • (1974) Cognition , vol.3 , pp. 141-154
    • Wason, P.C.1    Evans, J.S.B.T.2
  • 129
    • 84877123378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-Process Theories of Higher Cognition: Advancing the Debate
    • Evans, J. S. B. T.; Stanovich, K. E. Dual-Process Theories of Higher Cognition: Advancing the Debate. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 2013, 8, 223-241, 10.1177/1745691612460685
    • (2013) Perspect. Psychol. Sci. , vol.8 , pp. 223-241
    • Evans, J.S.B.T.1    Stanovich, K.E.2
  • 130
    • 84869117802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laptop Multitasking Hinders Classroom Learning for Both Users and Nearby Peers
    • Sana, F.; Weston, T.; Cepeda, N. J. Laptop Multitasking Hinders Classroom Learning for Both Users and Nearby Peers. Comput. Educ. 2013, 62, 24-31, 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.003
    • (2013) Comput. Educ. , vol.62 , pp. 24-31
    • Sana, F.1    Weston, T.2    Cepeda, N.J.3
  • 131
    • 84865615149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-Class Multitasking and Academic Performance
    • Junco, R. In-Class Multitasking and Academic Performance. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2012, 28, 2236-2243, 10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.031
    • (2012) Comput. Hum. Behav. , vol.28 , pp. 2236-2243
    • Junco, R.1
  • 132
    • 84898940561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Texting as a Distraction to Learning in College Students
    • Dietz, S.; Henrich, C. Texting as a Distraction to Learning in College Students. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2014, 36, 163-167, 10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.045
    • (2014) Comput. Hum. Behav. , vol.36 , pp. 163-167
    • Dietz, S.1    Henrich, C.2
  • 133
    • 84906057686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry Education: Ten Heuristics to Tame
    • Talanquer, V. Chemistry Education: Ten Heuristics To Tame. J. Chem. Educ. 2014, 91, 1091-1097, 10.1021/ed4008765
    • (2014) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.91 , pp. 1091-1097
    • Talanquer, V.1
  • 134
    • 84880572557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Making Predictions about Chemical Reactivity: Assumptions and Heuristics
    • Maeyer, J.; Talanquer, V. Making Predictions about Chemical Reactivity: Assumptions and Heuristics. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2013, 50, 748-767, 10.1002/tea.21092
    • (2013) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.50 , pp. 748-767
    • Maeyer, J.1    Talanquer, V.2
  • 135
    • 59149101047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' Dilemmas in Reaction Stoichiometry Problem Solving: Deducing the Limiting Reagent in Chemical Reactions
    • Chandrasegaran, A. L.; Treagust, D. F.; Waldrip, B. G.; Chandrasegaran, A. Students' Dilemmas in Reaction Stoichiometry Problem Solving: Deducing the Limiting Reagent in Chemical Reactions. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2009, 10, 14-23, 10.1039/B901456J
    • (2009) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.10 , pp. 14-23
    • Chandrasegaran, A.L.1    Treagust, D.F.2    Waldrip, B.G.3    Chandrasegaran, A.4
  • 136
    • 84887589363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Atoms Want
    • Talanquer, V. When Atoms Want. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1419-1424, 10.1021/ed400311x
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1419-1424
    • Talanquer, V.1
  • 137
    • 0038132806 scopus 로고
    • General Chemistry Course Content
    • Spencer, J. N. General Chemistry Course Content. J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 182-186, 10.1021/ed069p182
    • (1992) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.69 , pp. 182-186
    • Spencer, J.N.1
  • 138
    • 84884171720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry, Life, the Universe, and Everything: A New Approach to General Chemistry, and a Model for Curriculum Reform
    • Cooper, M.; Klymkowsky, M. Chemistry, Life, the Universe, and Everything: A New Approach to General Chemistry, and a Model for Curriculum Reform. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1116-1122, 10.1021/ed300456y
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1116-1122
    • Cooper, M.1    Klymkowsky, M.2
  • 142
    • 84887572386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atoms-First Curriculum: A Comparison of Student Success in General Chemistry
    • Esterling, K. M.; Bartels, L. Atoms-First Curriculum: A Comparison of Student Success in General Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1433-1436, 10.1021/ed300725m
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1433-1436
    • Esterling, K.M.1    Bartels, L.2
  • 143
    • 77950179767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Case for Reform of the Undergraduate General Chemistry Curriculum
    • Cooper, M. The Case for Reform of the Undergraduate General Chemistry Curriculum. J. Chem. Educ. 2010, 87, 231-232, 10.1021/ed800096m
    • (2010) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.87 , pp. 231-232
    • Cooper, M.1
  • 144
    • 0346187510 scopus 로고
    • The Forum: New Directions for General Chemistry: Recommendations of the Task Force on the General Chemistry Curriculum
    • Lloyd, B. W.; Spencer, J. N. The Forum: New Directions for General Chemistry: Recommendations of the Task Force on the General Chemistry Curriculum. J. Chem. Educ. 1994, 71, 206-209, 10.1021/ed071p206
    • (1994) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.71 , pp. 206-209
    • Lloyd, B.W.1    Spencer, J.N.2
  • 145
    • 0043177461 scopus 로고
    • Reform in the Chemistry Curriculum
    • Havighurst, R. J. Reform in the Chemistry Curriculum. J. Chem. Educ. 1929, 6, 1126-1129, 10.1021/ed006p1126
    • (1929) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.6 , pp. 1126-1129
    • Havighurst, R.J.1
  • 146
    • 0742320729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the Molecular Vision: Report from a SOCED Invitational Conference
    • Nameroff, T. J.; Busch, D. H. Exploring the Molecular Vision: Report from a SOCED Invitational Conference. J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 177-179, 10.1021/ed081p177
    • (2004) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.81 , pp. 177-179
    • Nameroff, T.J.1    Busch, D.H.2
  • 147
    • 0006733369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Great Ideas of Chemistry
    • Gillespie, R. J. The Great Ideas of Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 1997, 74, 862-864, 10.1021/ed074p862
    • (1997) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.74 , pp. 862-864
    • Gillespie, R.J.1
  • 148
    • 0012073587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry: The Great Ideas
    • Atkins, P. Chemistry: The Great Ideas. Pure Appl. Chem. 1999, 71, 927-929, 10.1351/pac199971060927
    • (1999) Pure Appl. Chem. , vol.71 , pp. 927-929
    • Atkins, P.1
  • 149
  • 150
    • 84860732070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Building the ACS Exams Anchoring Concept Content Map for Undergraduate Chemistry
    • Murphy, K.; Holme, T.; Zenisky, A.; Caruthers, H.; Knaus, K. Building the ACS Exams Anchoring Concept Content Map for Undergraduate Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 715-720, 10.1021/ed300049w
    • (2012) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.89 , pp. 715-720
    • Murphy, K.1    Holme, T.2    Zenisky, A.3    Caruthers, H.4    Knaus, K.5
  • 151
    • 84860779632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ACS Exams Institute Undergraduate Chemistry Anchoring Concepts Content Map I: General Chemistry
    • Holme, T.; Murphy, K. The ACS Exams Institute Undergraduate Chemistry Anchoring Concepts Content Map I: General Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 721-723, 10.1021/ed300050q
    • (2012) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.89 , pp. 721-723
    • Holme, T.1    Murphy, K.2
  • 152
    • 85019062686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Core Ideas and Topics: Building Up or Drilling Down?
    • Cooper, M. M.; Posey, L. A.; Underwood, S. M. Core Ideas and Topics: Building Up or Drilling Down?. J. Chem. Educ. 2017, 94, 541-548, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00900
    • (2017) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.94 , pp. 541-548
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Posey, L.A.2    Underwood, S.M.3
  • 153
    • 85018704383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Research on Problem Solving in Chemistry
    • Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany
    • Bodner, G. M. Research on Problem Solving in Chemistry. In Chemistry Education; García-Martínez, J., Serrano-Torregrosa, E., Eds.; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2015; pp 181-202.
    • (2015) Chemistry Education , pp. 181-202
    • Bodner, G.M.1    García-Martínez, J.2    Serrano-Torregrosa, E.3
  • 158
    • 84983947551 scopus 로고
    • Problem Solving and Chemical Equilibrium: Successful versus Unsuccessful Performance
    • Camacho, M.; Good, R. Problem Solving and Chemical Equilibrium: Successful versus Unsuccessful Performance. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1989, 26, 251-272, 10.1002/tea.3660260306
    • (1989) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.26 , pp. 251-272
    • Camacho, M.1    Good, R.2
  • 159
    • 84983972081 scopus 로고
    • Effects of Cooperative Grouping on Stoichiometric Problem Solving in High School Chemistry
    • Tingle, J. B.; Good, R. Effects of Cooperative Grouping on Stoichiometric Problem Solving in High School Chemistry. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1990, 27, 671-683, 10.1002/tea.3660270707
    • (1990) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.27 , pp. 671-683
    • Tingle, J.B.1    Good, R.2
  • 160
    • 84904129798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating the Effect of Complexity Factors in Stoichiometry Problems Using Logistic Regression and Eye Tracking
    • Tang, H.; Kirk, J.; Pienta, N. J. Investigating the Effect of Complexity Factors in Stoichiometry Problems Using Logistic Regression and Eye Tracking. J. Chem. Educ. 2014, 91, 969-975, 10.1021/ed4004113
    • (2014) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.91 , pp. 969-975
    • Tang, H.1    Kirk, J.2    Pienta, N.J.3
  • 161
    • 79954561196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Valid and Reliable Instrument for Cognitive Complexity Rating Assignment of Chemistry Exam Items
    • Knaus, K.; Murphy, K.; Blecking, A.; Holme, T. A Valid and Reliable Instrument for Cognitive Complexity Rating Assignment of Chemistry Exam Items. J. Chem. Educ. 2011, 88, 554-560, 10.1021/ed900070y
    • (2011) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.88 , pp. 554-560
    • Knaus, K.1    Murphy, K.2    Blecking, A.3    Holme, T.4
  • 162
    • 84885396965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of an Instrument for Measuring the Cognitive Complexity of Organic Chemistry Exam Items
    • Raker, J. R.; Trate, J. M.; Holme, T. A.; Murphy, K. Adaptation of an Instrument for Measuring the Cognitive Complexity of Organic Chemistry Exam Items. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1290-1295, 10.1021/ed400373c
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1290-1295
    • Raker, J.R.1    Trate, J.M.2    Holme, T.A.3    Murphy, K.4
  • 163
    • 84867818736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mental Capacity and Working Memory in Chemistry: Algorithmic versus Open-Ended Problem Solving
    • Clair-Thompson, H. S.; Overton, T.; Bugler, M. Mental Capacity and Working Memory in Chemistry: Algorithmic versus Open-Ended Problem Solving. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2012, 13, 484-489, 10.1039/C2RP20084H
    • (2012) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.13 , pp. 484-489
    • Clair-Thompson, H.S.1    Overton, T.2    Bugler, M.3
  • 166
    • 0000986790 scopus 로고
    • Models and Modeling in Theoretical Chemistry
    • Tomasi, J. Models and Modeling in Theoretical Chemistry. J. Mol. Struct.: THEOCHEM 1988, 179, 273-292, 10.1016/0166-1280(88)80128-3
    • (1988) J. Mol. Struct.: THEOCHEM , vol.179 , pp. 273-292
    • Tomasi, J.1
  • 169
    • 84984059575 scopus 로고
    • Understanding Models and Their Use in Science: Conceptions of Middle and High School Students and Experts
    • Grosslight, L.; Unger, C.; Jay, E.; Smith, C. L. Understanding Models and Their Use in Science: Conceptions of Middle and High School Students and Experts. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1991, 28, 799-822, 10.1002/tea.3660280907
    • (1991) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.28 , pp. 799-822
    • Grosslight, L.1    Unger, C.2    Jay, E.3    Smith, C.L.4
  • 171
    • 9344227852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TAPping into Argumentation: Developments in the Application of Toulmin's Argument Pattern for Studying Science Discourse
    • Erduran, S.; Simon, S.; Osborne, J. TAPping into Argumentation: Developments in the Application of Toulmin's Argument Pattern for Studying Science Discourse. Sci. Educ. 2004, 88, 915-933, 10.1002/sce.20012
    • (2004) Sci. Educ. , vol.88 , pp. 915-933
    • Erduran, S.1    Simon, S.2    Osborne, J.3
  • 172
    • 85018280884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond Rote Learning in Organic Chemistry: The Infusion and Impact of Argumentation in Tertiary Education
    • Pabuccu, A.; Erduran, S. Beyond Rote Learning in Organic Chemistry: The Infusion and Impact of Argumentation in Tertiary Education. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2017, 39, 1154-1172, 10.1080/09500693.2017.1319988
    • (2017) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.39 , pp. 1154-1172
    • Pabuccu, A.1    Erduran, S.2
  • 173
    • 79958111435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific Argument and Explanation: A Necessary Distinction?
    • Osborne, J. F.; Patterson, A. Scientific Argument and Explanation: A Necessary Distinction?. Sci. Educ. 2011, 95, 627-638, 10.1002/sce.20438
    • (2011) Sci. Educ. , vol.95 , pp. 627-638
    • Osborne, J.F.1    Patterson, A.2
  • 174
    • 78649376715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring Dominant Types of Explanations Built by General Chemistry Students
    • Talanquer, V. Exploring Dominant Types of Explanations Built by General Chemistry Students. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2010, 32, 2393-2412, 10.1080/09500690903369662
    • (2010) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.32 , pp. 2393-2412
    • Talanquer, V.1
  • 175
    • 34547403551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Explanations and Teleology in Chemistry Education
    • Talanquer, V. Explanations and Teleology in Chemistry Education. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2007, 29, 853-870, 10.1080/09500690601087632
    • (2007) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.29 , pp. 853-870
    • Talanquer, V.1
  • 176
    • 84991079699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating Students' Reasoning about Acid-Base Reactions
    • Cooper, M. M.; Kouyoumdjian, H.; Underwood, S. M. Investigating Students' Reasoning about Acid-Base Reactions. J. Chem. Educ. 2016, 93, 1703-1712, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00417
    • (2016) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.93 , pp. 1703-1712
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Kouyoumdjian, H.2    Underwood, S.M.3
  • 177
    • 84991266611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing Students' Mechanistic Reasoning about London Dispersion Forces
    • Becker, N.; Noyes, K.; Cooper, M. Characterizing Students' Mechanistic Reasoning about London Dispersion Forces. J. Chem. Educ. 2016, 93, 1713-1724, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00298
    • (2016) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.93 , pp. 1713-1724
    • Becker, N.1    Noyes, K.2    Cooper, M.3
  • 178
    • 0000192139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Review of Laboratory Instruction Styles
    • Domin, D. S. A Review of Laboratory Instruction Styles. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 543-547, 10.1021/ed076p543
    • (1999) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.76 , pp. 543-547
    • Domin, D.S.1
  • 179
    • 67651001526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing the Level of Inquiry in the Undergraduate Laboratory
    • Buck, L. B.; Bretz, S. L.; Towns, M. H. Characterizing the Level of Inquiry in the Undergraduate Laboratory. J. Coll. Sci. Teach. 2008, 38, 52-58
    • (2008) J. Coll. Sci. Teach. , vol.38 , pp. 52-58
    • Buck, L.B.1    Bretz, S.L.2    Towns, M.H.3
  • 181
    • 84882255766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Teaching Metacognitive Learning Strategies on Performance in General Chemistry Courses
    • Cook, E.; Kennedy, E.; McGuire, S. Y. Effect of Teaching Metacognitive Learning Strategies on Performance in General Chemistry Courses. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 961-967, 10.1021/ed300686h
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 961-967
    • Cook, E.1    Kennedy, E.2    McGuire, S.Y.3
  • 182
    • 76149096869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing Learning Objectives and Assessment Plans at a Variety of Institutions: Examples and Case Studies
    • Towns, M. H. Developing Learning Objectives and Assessment Plans at a Variety of Institutions: Examples and Case Studies. J. Chem. Educ. 2010, 87, 91-96, 10.1021/ed8000039
    • (2010) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.87 , pp. 91-96
    • Towns, M.H.1
  • 183
    • 84878038624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Teaching to KNOW to Learning to THINK in Science Education
    • Springer International Handbooks of Education; Springer: Dordrecht
    • Zoller, U.; Nahum, T. L. From Teaching to KNOW to Learning to THINK in Science Education. In Second International Handbook of Science Education; Springer International Handbooks of Education; Springer: Dordrecht, 2012; pp 209-229.
    • (2012) Second International Handbook of Science Education , pp. 209-229
    • Zoller, U.1    Nahum, T.L.2
  • 184
    • 0011555531 scopus 로고
    • The Fostering of Question-Asking Capability: A Meaningful Aspect of Problem-Solving in Chemistry
    • Zoller, U. The Fostering of Question-Asking Capability: A Meaningful Aspect of Problem-Solving in Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 510-512, 10.1021/ed064p510
    • (1987) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.64 , pp. 510-512
    • Zoller, U.1
  • 185
    • 0000136872 scopus 로고
    • Are Lecture and Learning Compatible? Maybe for LOCS: Unlikely for HOCS
    • Zoller, U. Are Lecture and Learning Compatible? Maybe for LOCS: Unlikely for HOCS. J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 195-197, 10.1021/ed070p195
    • (1993) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.70 , pp. 195-197
    • Zoller, U.1
  • 186
    • 0346739128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Algorithmic, LOCS and HOCS (Chemistry) Exam Questions: Performance and Attitudes of College Students
    • Zoller, U. Algorithmic, LOCS and HOCS (Chemistry) Exam Questions: Performance and Attitudes of College Students. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2002, 24, 185-203, 10.1080/09500690110049060
    • (2002) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.24 , pp. 185-203
    • Zoller, U.1
  • 188
    • 84893415250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking Chemistry: A Learning Progression on Chemical Thinking
    • Sevian, H.; Talanquer, V. Rethinking Chemistry: A Learning Progression on Chemical Thinking. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2014, 15, 10-23, 10.1039/C3RP00111C
    • (2014) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.15 , pp. 10-23
    • Sevian, H.1    Talanquer, V.2
  • 190
    • 0037850979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment and Quality Control in Chemistry Education
    • Holme, T. Assessment and Quality Control in Chemistry Education. J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80, 594-596, 10.1021/ed080p594
    • (2003) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.80 , pp. 594-596
    • Holme, T.1
  • 191
    • 85049151687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACS Examinations Institute. A Short History, ACS Exams; (accessed Aug 17)
    • ACS Examinations Institute. A Short History, ACS Exams; https://uwm.edu/acs-exams/about-us/history/ (accessed Aug 17, 2017).
    • (2017)
  • 192
    • 84946943863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Historical Investigation into Item Formats of ACS Exams and Their Relationships to Science Practices
    • Brandriet, A.; Reed, J. J.; Holme, T. A Historical Investigation into Item Formats of ACS Exams and Their Relationships to Science Practices. J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92, 1798-1806, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00459
    • (2015) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.92 , pp. 1798-1806
    • Brandriet, A.1    Reed, J.J.2    Holme, T.3
  • 193
    • 84887578768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Historical Analysis of the Curriculum of Organic Chemistry Using ACS Exams as Artifacts
    • Raker, J. R.; Holme, T. A. A Historical Analysis of the Curriculum of Organic Chemistry Using ACS Exams as Artifacts. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1437-1442, 10.1021/ed400327b
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1437-1442
    • Raker, J.R.1    Holme, T.A.2
  • 194
    • 84880033434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying Differential Performance in General Chemistry: Differential Item Functioning Analysis of ACS General Chemistry Trial Tests
    • Kendhammer, L.; Holme, T.; Murphy, K. Identifying Differential Performance in General Chemistry: Differential Item Functioning Analysis of ACS General Chemistry Trial Tests. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 846-853, 10.1021/ed4000298
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 846-853
    • Kendhammer, L.1    Holme, T.2    Murphy, K.3
  • 196
    • 0003045228 scopus 로고
    • Concept Learning versus Problem Solving: Is There a Difference?
    • Nurrenbern, S. C.; Pickering, M. Concept Learning versus Problem Solving: Is There a Difference?. J. Chem. Educ. 1987, 64, 508-510, 10.1021/ed064p508
    • (1987) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.64 , pp. 508-510
    • Nurrenbern, S.C.1    Pickering, M.2
  • 197
    • 84941098663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining Conceptual Understanding in General Chemistry
    • Holme, T. A.; Luxford, C. J.; Brandriet, A. Defining Conceptual Understanding in General Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92, 1477-1483, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00218
    • (2015) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.92 , pp. 1477-1483
    • Holme, T.A.1    Luxford, C.J.2    Brandriet, A.3
  • 198
    • 33751502795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternative Perspectives on the Transfer of Learning: History, Issues, and Challenges for Future Research
    • Lobato, J. Alternative Perspectives on the Transfer of Learning: History, Issues, and Challenges for Future Research. J. Learn. Sci. 2006, 15, 431-449, 10.1207/s15327809jls1504-1
    • (2006) J. Learn. Sci. , vol.15 , pp. 431-449
    • Lobato, J.1
  • 200
    • 0347297757 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic Assessment of Students' Science Knowledge
    • Treagust, D. F. Diagnostic Assessment of Students' Science Knowledge. Learn. Sci. Sch. Res. Reforming Pract. 1995, 1, 327-436
    • (1995) Learn. Sci. Sch. Res. Reforming Pract. , vol.1 , pp. 327-436
    • Treagust, D.F.1
  • 202
    • 84906061687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Development of the Redox Concept Inventory as a Measure of Students' Symbolic and Particulate Redox Understandings and Confidence
    • Brandriet, A. R.; Bretz, S. L. The Development of the Redox Concept Inventory as a Measure of Students' Symbolic and Particulate Redox Understandings and Confidence. J. Chem. Educ. 2014, 91, 1132-1144, 10.1021/ed500051n
    • (2014) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.91 , pp. 1132-1144
    • Brandriet, A.R.1    Bretz, S.L.2
  • 203
    • 84897761272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the Bonding Representations Inventory to Identify Student Misconceptions about Covalent and Ionic Bonding Representations
    • Luxford, C. J.; Bretz, S. L. Development of the Bonding Representations Inventory To Identify Student Misconceptions about Covalent and Ionic Bonding Representations. J. Chem. Educ. 2014, 91, 312-320, 10.1021/ed400700q
    • (2014) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.91 , pp. 312-320
    • Luxford, C.J.1    Bretz, S.L.2
  • 204
    • 84864022418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the Enzyme-substrate Interactions Concept Inventory
    • Bretz, S. L.; Linenberger, K. J. Development of the Enzyme-substrate Interactions Concept Inventory. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. 2012, 40, 229-233, 10.1002/bmb.20622
    • (2012) Biochem. Mol. Biol. Educ. , vol.40 , pp. 229-233
    • Bretz, S.L.1    Linenberger, K.J.2
  • 205
    • 84964596265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Quantum Chemistry Concept Inventory for Physical Chemistry Classes
    • Dick-Perez, M.; Luxford, C. J.; Windus, T. L.; Holme, T. A Quantum Chemistry Concept Inventory for Physical Chemistry Classes. J. Chem. Educ. 2016, 93, 605-612, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00781
    • (2016) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.93 , pp. 605-612
    • Dick-Perez, M.1    Luxford, C.J.2    Windus, T.L.3    Holme, T.4
  • 206
    • 84904363095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric Analysis of the Thermochemistry Concept Inventory
    • Wren, D.; Barbera, J. Psychometric Analysis of the Thermochemistry Concept Inventory. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2014, 15, 380-390, 10.1039/C3RP00170A
    • (2014) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.15 , pp. 380-390
    • Wren, D.1    Barbera, J.2
  • 207
    • 84890499724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gathering Evidence for Validity during the Design, Development, and Qualitative Evaluation of Thermochemistry Concept Inventory Items
    • Wren, D.; Barbera, J. Gathering Evidence for Validity during the Design, Development, and Qualitative Evaluation of Thermochemistry Concept Inventory Items. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1590-1601, 10.1021/ed400384g
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1590-1601
    • Wren, D.1    Barbera, J.2
  • 208
    • 33744948727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misconceptions about the Particulate Nature of Matter. Using Animations to Close the Gender Gap
    • Yezierski, E. J.; Birk, J. P. Misconceptions about the Particulate Nature of Matter. Using Animations To Close the Gender Gap. J. Chem. Educ. 2006, 83, 954-960, 10.1021/ed083p954
    • (2006) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.83 , pp. 954-960
    • Yezierski, E.J.1    Birk, J.P.2
  • 209
    • 0004247762 scopus 로고
    • Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY
    • Novak, J. D. A Theory of Education; Cornell University Press: Ithaca, NY, 1977.
    • (1977) A Theory of Education
    • Novak, J.D.1
  • 211
    • 0042584772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nature, Sources, and Development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Science Teaching
    • Science & Technology Education Library; Springer: Dordrecht
    • Magnusson, S.; Krajcik, J.; Borko, H. Nature, Sources, and Development of Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Science Teaching. In Examining Pedagogical Content Knowledge; Gess-Newsome, J., Lederman, N. G., Eds.; Science & Technology Education Library; Springer: Dordrecht, 1999; pp 95-132.
    • (1999) Examining Pedagogical Content Knowledge , pp. 95-132
    • Magnusson, S.1    Krajcik, J.2    Borko, H.3    Gess-Newsome, J.4    Lederman, N.G.5
  • 213
    • 85018335164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Question Types Reveal Student Thinking: An Experimental Comparison of Multiple-True-False and Free-Response Formats
    • Hubbard, J. K.; Potts, M. A.; Couch, B. A. How Question Types Reveal Student Thinking: An Experimental Comparison of Multiple-True-False and Free-Response Formats. CBE-Life Sci. Educ. 2017, 16, ar26, 10.1187/cbe.16-12-0339
    • (2017) CBE-Life Sci. Educ. , vol.16 , pp. ar26
    • Hubbard, J.K.1    Potts, M.A.2    Couch, B.A.3
  • 215
    • 0030545625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misconceptions or P-Prims: How May Alternative Perspectives of Cognitive Structure Influence Instructional Perceptions and Intentions?
    • Hammer, D. Misconceptions or P-Prims: How May Alternative Perspectives of Cognitive Structure Influence Instructional Perceptions and Intentions?. J. Learn. Sci. 1996, 5, 97-127, 10.1207/s15327809jls0502-1
    • (1996) J. Learn. Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 97-127
    • Hammer, D.1
  • 216
    • 85038243880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concept Inventories: Predicting the Wrong Answer May Boost Performance
    • Talanquer, V. Concept Inventories: Predicting the Wrong Answer May Boost Performance. J. Chem. Educ. 2017, 94, 1805-1810, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00427
    • (2017) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.94 , pp. 1805-1810
    • Talanquer, V.1
  • 217
    • 84944737077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Analytic Framework for Evaluating the Validity of Concept Inventory Claims
    • Jorion, N.; Gane, B. D.; James, K.; Schroeder, L.; DiBello, L. V.; Pellegrino, J. W. An Analytic Framework for Evaluating the Validity of Concept Inventory Claims. J. Eng. Educ. 2015, 104, 454-496, 10.1002/jee.20104
    • (2015) J. Eng. Educ. , vol.104 , pp. 454-496
    • Jorion, N.1    Gane, B.D.2    James, K.3    Schroeder, L.4    Dibello, L.V.5    Pellegrino, J.W.6
  • 218
    • 0032330948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive-Engagement versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses
    • Hake, R. R. Interactive-Engagement versus Traditional Methods: A Six-Thousand-Student Survey of Mechanics Test Data for Introductory Physics Courses. Am. J. Phys. 1998, 66, 64-74, 10.1119/1.18809
    • (1998) Am. J. Phys. , vol.66 , pp. 64-74
    • Hake, R.R.1
  • 219
    • 84993729340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of Assessment in a Learning Culture
    • Shepard, L. A. The Role of Assessment in a Learning Culture. Educ. Res. 2000, 29, 4-14, 10.3102/0013189X029007004
    • (2000) Educ. Res. , vol.29 , pp. 4-14
    • Shepard, L.A.1
  • 221
  • 224
    • 85038217597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice What We Preach: Assessing "critical Thinking" in Organic Chemistry
    • Stowe, R.; Cooper, M. M. Practice What We Preach: Assessing "Critical Thinking" in Organic Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2017, 94, 1852-1859, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00335
    • (2017) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.94 , pp. 1852-1859
    • Stowe, R.1    Cooper, M.M.2
  • 225
    • 85142006240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developing Assessments for A Learning Progression on Carbon-Transforming Processes in Socio-Ecological Systems
    • SensePublishers: Rotterdam
    • Jin, H.; Anderson, C. W. Developing Assessments For A Learning Progression on Carbon-Transforming Processes in Socio-Ecological Systems. In Learning Progressions in Science; SensePublishers: Rotterdam, 2012; pp 151-181.
    • (2012) Learning Progressions in Science , pp. 151-181
    • Jin, H.1    Anderson, C.W.2
  • 226
    • 79953136183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validating Measurement of Knowledge Integration in Science Using Multiple-Choice and Explanation Items
    • Lee, H.-S.; Liu, O. L.; Linn, M. C. Validating Measurement of Knowledge Integration in Science Using Multiple-Choice and Explanation Items. Appl. Meas. Educ. 2011, 24, 115-136, 10.1080/08957347.2011.554604
    • (2011) Appl. Meas. Educ. , vol.24 , pp. 115-136
    • Lee, H.-S.1    Liu, O.L.2    Linn, M.C.3
  • 227
    • 61349169511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping Student Understanding in Chemistry: The Perspectives of Chemists
    • Claesgens, J.; Scalise, K.; Wilson, M.; Stacy, A. Mapping Student Understanding in Chemistry: The Perspectives of Chemists. Sci. Educ. 2009, 93, 56-85, 10.1002/sce.20292
    • (2009) Sci. Educ. , vol.93 , pp. 56-85
    • Claesgens, J.1    Scalise, K.2    Wilson, M.3    Stacy, A.4
  • 228
    • 85037624143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engaging Students in Analyzing and Interpreting Data to Construct Mathematical Models: An Analysis of Students' Reasoning in a Method of Initial Rates Task
    • Becker, N. M.; Rupp, C. A.; Brandriet, A. Engaging Students in Analyzing and Interpreting Data to Construct Mathematical Models: An Analysis of Students' Reasoning in a Method of Initial Rates Task. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2017, 18, 798-810, 10.1039/C6RP00205F
    • (2017) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.18 , pp. 798-810
    • Becker, N.M.1    Rupp, C.A.2    Brandriet, A.3
  • 229
    • 84949035995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are Noncovalent Interactions an Achilles Heel in Chemistry Education? A Comparison of Instructional Approaches
    • Williams, L. C.; Underwood, S. M.; Klymkowsky, M. W.; Cooper, M. M. Are Noncovalent Interactions an Achilles Heel in Chemistry Education? A Comparison of Instructional Approaches. J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92, 1979-1987, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00619
    • (2015) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.92 , pp. 1979-1987
    • Williams, L.C.1    Underwood, S.M.2    Klymkowsky, M.W.3    Cooper, M.M.4
  • 230
    • 84865992067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple-Choice Exams: An Obstacle for Higher-Level Thinking in Introductory Science Classes
    • Stanger-Hall, K. F. Multiple-Choice Exams: An Obstacle for Higher-Level Thinking in Introductory Science Classes. CBE-Life Sci. Educ. 2012, 11, 294-306, 10.1187/cbe.11-11-0100
    • (2012) CBE-Life Sci. Educ. , vol.11 , pp. 294-306
    • Stanger-Hall, K.F.1
  • 231
    • 84952095535 scopus 로고
    • Essay versus Multiple-Choice Type Classroom Exams: The Student's Perspective
    • Zeidner, M. Essay versus Multiple-Choice Type Classroom Exams: The Student's Perspective. J. Educ. Res. 1987, 80, 352-358, 10.1080/00220671.1987.10885782
    • (1987) J. Educ. Res. , vol.80 , pp. 352-358
    • Zeidner, M.1
  • 232
    • 33846563409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Most Published Research Findings Are False
    • Ioannidis, J. P. A. Why Most Published Research Findings Are False. PLOS Med. 2005, 2, e124, 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124
    • (2005) PLOS Med. , vol.2 , pp. e124
    • Ioannidis, J.P.A.1
  • 233
    • 34548613880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CHEMX: An Instrument to Assess Students' Cognitive Expectations for Learning Chemistry
    • Grove, N.; Bretz, S. L. CHEMX: An Instrument To Assess Students' Cognitive Expectations for Learning Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 1524-1529, 10.1021/ed084p1524
    • (2007) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.84 , pp. 1524-1529
    • Grove, N.1    Bretz, S.L.2
  • 234
    • 54549125668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attitude toward Chemistry: A Semantic Differential Instrument for Assessing Curriculum Impacts
    • Bauer, C. F. Attitude toward Chemistry: A Semantic Differential Instrument for Assessing Curriculum Impacts. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 1440-1445, 10.1021/ed085p1440
    • (2008) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.85 , pp. 1440-1445
    • Bauer, C.F.1
  • 235
    • 79954525972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refinement of a Chemistry Attitude Measure for College Students
    • Xu, X.; Lewis, J. E. Refinement of a Chemistry Attitude Measure for College Students. J. Chem. Educ. 2011, 88, 561-568, 10.1021/ed900071q
    • (2011) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.88 , pp. 561-568
    • Xu, X.1    Lewis, J.E.2
  • 236
    • 84897663020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Science Identity of College Students: Exploring the Intersection of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity
    • Hazari, Z.; Sadler, P. M.; Sonnert, G. The Science Identity of College Students: Exploring the Intersection of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity. J. Coll. Sci. Teach. 2013, 42, 82-91
    • (2013) J. Coll. Sci. Teach. , vol.42 , pp. 82-91
    • Hazari, Z.1    Sadler, P.M.2    Sonnert, G.3
  • 237
    • 84949056131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of an Assessment Tool to Measure Students' Meaningful Learning in the Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory
    • Galloway, K. R.; Bretz, S. L. Development of an Assessment Tool to Measure Students' Meaningful Learning in the Undergraduate Chemistry Laboratory. J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92, 1149-1158, 10.1021/ed500881y
    • (2015) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.92 , pp. 1149-1158
    • Galloway, K.R.1    Bretz, S.L.2
  • 238
    • 59549099977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Metacognitive Skillfulness in Chemistry Problem Solving
    • Cooper, M. M.; Sandi-Urena, S. Design and Validation of an Instrument To Assess Metacognitive Skillfulness in Chemistry Problem Solving. J. Chem. Educ. 2009, 86, 240-245, 10.1021/ed086p240
    • (2009) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.86 , pp. 240-245
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Sandi-Urena, S.2
  • 239
    • 85026570472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive Motivation and Emotion in Education: Research and Principles for Instructional Design
    • Linnenbrink-Garcia, L.; Patall, E. A.; Pekrun, R. Adaptive Motivation and Emotion in Education: Research and Principles for Instructional Design. Policy Insights Behav. Brain Sci. 2016, 3, 228-236, 10.1177/2372732216644450
    • (2016) Policy Insights Behav. Brain Sci. , vol.3 , pp. 228-236
    • Linnenbrink-Garcia, L.1    Patall, E.A.2    Pekrun, R.3
  • 240
    • 0035420083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Many Forms of Constructivism
    • Bodner, G.; Klobuchar, M.; Geelan, D. The Many Forms of Constructivism. J. Chem. Educ. 2001, 78, 1107-1133, 10.1021/ed078p1107.4
    • (2001) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.78 , pp. 1107-1133
    • Bodner, G.1    Klobuchar, M.2    Geelan, D.3
  • 241
    • 0040911540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Quantitative Literature Review of Cooperative Learning Effects on High School and College Chemistry Achievement
    • Bowen, C. W. A Quantitative Literature Review of Cooperative Learning Effects on High School and College Chemistry Achievement. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 116-119, 10.1021/ed077p116
    • (2000) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.77 , pp. 116-119
    • Bowen, C.W.1
  • 243
    • 0033238835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Small-Group Learning on Undergraduates in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology: A Meta-Analysis
    • Springer, L.; Stanne, M. E.; Donovan, S. S. Effects of Small-Group Learning on Undergraduates in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology: A Meta-Analysis. Rev. Educ. Res. 1999, 69, 21-51, 10.3102/00346543069001021
    • (1999) Rev. Educ. Res. , vol.69 , pp. 21-51
    • Springer, L.1    Stanne, M.E.2    Donovan, S.S.3
  • 245
    • 0038132813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Rensselaer Studio General Chemistry Course
    • Apple, T.; Cutler, A. The Rensselaer Studio General Chemistry Course. J. Chem. Educ. 1999, 76, 462-463, 10.1021/ed076p462
    • (1999) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.76 , pp. 462-463
    • Apple, T.1    Cutler, A.2
  • 246
    • 0000130954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Time for Telling
    • Schwartz, D. L.; Bransford, J. D. A Time For Telling. Cogn. Instr. 1998, 16, 475-5223, 10.1207/s1532690xci1604-4
    • (1998) Cogn. Instr. , vol.16 , pp. 475-5223
    • Schwartz, D.L.1    Bransford, J.D.2
  • 247
    • 47249136464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peer-Led Team Learning in General Chemistry: Implementation and Evaluation
    • Hockings, S. C.; DeAngelis, K. J.; Frey, R. F. Peer-Led Team Learning in General Chemistry: Implementation and Evaluation. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 990-996, 10.1021/ed085p990
    • (2008) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.85 , pp. 990-996
    • Hockings, S.C.1    Deangelis, K.J.2    Frey, R.F.3
  • 248
    • 79957643204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retention and Reform: An Evaluation of Peer-Led Team Learning
    • Lewis, S. E. Retention and Reform: An Evaluation of Peer-Led Team Learning. J. Chem. Educ. 2011, 88, 703-707, 10.1021/ed100689m
    • (2011) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.88 , pp. 703-707
    • Lewis, S.E.1
  • 249
    • 84863703111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Transition Program for Underprepared Students in General Chemistry: Diagnosis, Implementation, and Evaluation
    • Shields, S. P.; Hogrebe, M. C.; Spees, W. M.; Handlin, L. B.; Noelken, G. P.; Riley, J. M.; Frey, R. F. A Transition Program for Underprepared Students in General Chemistry: Diagnosis, Implementation, and Evaluation. J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 995-1000, 10.1021/ed100410j
    • (2012) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.89 , pp. 995-1000
    • Shields, S.P.1    Hogrebe, M.C.2    Spees, W.M.3    Handlin, L.B.4    Noelken, G.P.5    Riley, J.M.6    Frey, R.F.7
  • 250
    • 58149233906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why Peer Discussion Improves Student Performance on In-Class Concept Questions
    • Smith, M. K.; Wood, W. B.; Adams, W. K.; Wieman, C.; Knight, J. K.; Guild, N.; Su, T. T. Why Peer Discussion Improves Student Performance on In-Class Concept Questions. Science 2009, 323, 122-124, 10.1126/science.1165919
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 122-124
    • Smith, M.K.1    Wood, W.B.2    Adams, W.K.3    Wieman, C.4    Knight, J.K.5    Guild, N.6    Su, T.T.7
  • 251
    • 0036729750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of a Peer-Led Team Learning Instructional Approach in an Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Course
    • Tien, L. T.; Roth, V.; Kampmeier, J. a. Implementation of a Peer-Led Team Learning Instructional Approach in an Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Course. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2002, 39, 606-632, 10.1002/tea.10038
    • (2002) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.39 , pp. 606-632
    • Tien, L.T.1    Roth, V.2
  • 253
    • 84923638921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) on Student Achievement, Attitude, and Self-Concept in College General Chemistry in Randomized and Quasi Experimental Designs
    • Chan, J. Y. K.; Bauer, C. F. Effect of Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) on Student Achievement, Attitude, and Self-Concept in College General Chemistry in Randomized and Quasi Experimental Designs. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2015, 52, 319-346, 10.1002/tea.21197
    • (2015) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.52 , pp. 319-346
    • Chan, J.Y.K.1    Bauer, C.F.2
  • 254
    • 85031087883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL®) Marginally Effects Student Achievement Measures but Substantially Increases the Odds of Passing a Course
    • Walker, L.; Warfa, A.-R. M. Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL®) Marginally Effects Student Achievement Measures but Substantially Increases the Odds of Passing a Course. PLoS One 2017, 12, e0186203, 10.1371/journal.pone.0186203
    • (2017) PLoS One , vol.12 , pp. e0186203
    • Walker, L.1    Warfa, A.-R.M.2
  • 255
    • 0002549116 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of Research of Cooperative Learning
    • Slavin, R. E. Synthesis of Research of Cooperative Learning. Educ. Leadership 1991, 48, 71-82
    • (1991) Educ. Leadership , vol.48 , pp. 71-82
    • Slavin, R.E.1
  • 256
    • 77951444850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning
    • Johnson, D. W.; Johnson, R. T. An Educational Psychology Success Story: Social Interdependence Theory and Cooperative Learning. Educ. Res. 2009, 38, 365-379, 10.3102/0013189X09339057
    • (2009) Educ. Res. , vol.38 , pp. 365-379
    • Johnson, D.W.1    Johnson, R.T.2
  • 258
    • 45749143268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Assessment of the Effect of Collaborative Groups on Students' Problem-Solving Strategies and Abilities
    • Cooper, M. M.; Cox, C. T.; Nammouz, M.; Case, E.; Stevens, R. An Assessment of the Effect of Collaborative Groups on Students' Problem-Solving Strategies and Abilities. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 866-872, 10.1021/ed085p866
    • (2008) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.85 , pp. 866-872
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Cox, C.T.2    Nammouz, M.3    Case, E.4    Stevens, R.5
  • 260
    • 80051484098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collaborative Learning in Engineering Students: Gender and Achievement
    • Stump, G. S.; Hilpert, J. C.; Husman, J.; Chung, W.; Kim, W. Collaborative Learning in Engineering Students: Gender and Achievement. J. Eng. Educ. 2011, 100, 475-497, 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2011.tb00023.x
    • (2011) J. Eng. Educ. , vol.100 , pp. 475-497
    • Stump, G.S.1    Hilpert, J.C.2    Husman, J.3    Chung, W.4    Kim, W.5
  • 261
    • 84855336422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adapting a Methodology from Mathematics Education Research to Chemistry Education Research: Documenting Collective Activity
    • Cole, R.; Becker, N.; Towns, M.; Sweeney, G.; Wawro, M.; Rasmussen, C. Adapting a Methodology from Mathematics Education Research to Chemistry Education Research: Documenting Collective Activity. Int. J. Sci. Math. Educ. 2012, 10, 193-211, 10.1007/s10763-011-9284-1
    • (2012) Int. J. Sci. Math. Educ. , vol.10 , pp. 193-211
    • Cole, R.1    Becker, N.2    Towns, M.3    Sweeney, G.4    Wawro, M.5    Rasmussen, C.6
  • 262
    • 84872589223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reasoning Using Particulate Nature of Matter: An Example of a Sociochemical Norm in a University-Level Physical Chemistry Class
    • Becker, N.; Rasmussen, C.; Sweeney, G.; Wawro, M.; Towns, M.; Cole, R. Reasoning Using Particulate Nature of Matter: An Example of a Sociochemical Norm in a University-Level Physical Chemistry Class. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2013, 14, 81-94, 10.1039/C2RP20085F
    • (2013) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.14 , pp. 81-94
    • Becker, N.1    Rasmussen, C.2    Sweeney, G.3    Wawro, M.4    Towns, M.5    Cole, R.6
  • 263
    • 84887420353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argumentation and Participation Patterns in General Chemistry Peer-Led Sessions
    • Kulatunga, U.; Moog, R. S.; Lewis, J. E. Argumentation and Participation Patterns in General Chemistry Peer-Led Sessions. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2013, 50, 1207-1231, 10.1002/tea.21107
    • (2013) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.50 , pp. 1207-1231
    • Kulatunga, U.1    Moog, R.S.2    Lewis, J.E.3
  • 264
    • 0013066896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Role of Metacognition in Learning Chemistry
    • Rickey, D.; Stacy, A. M. The Role of Metacognition in Learning Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2000, 77, 915-920, 10.1021/ed077p915
    • (2000) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.77 , pp. 915-920
    • Rickey, D.1    Stacy, A.M.2
  • 266
    • 84882255766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Teaching Metacognitive Learning Strategies on Performance in General Chemistry Courses
    • Cook, E.; Kennedy, E.; McGuire, S. Y. Effect of Teaching Metacognitive Learning Strategies on Performance in General Chemistry Courses. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 961-967, 10.1021/ed300686h
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 961-967
    • Cook, E.1    Kennedy, E.2    McGuire, S.Y.3
  • 267
    • 79951713717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of Metacognition Use and Awareness by Means of a Collaborative Intervention
    • Sandi-Urena, S.; Cooper, M. M.; Stevens, R. H. Enhancement of Metacognition Use and Awareness by Means of a Collaborative Intervention. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2011, 33, 323-340, 10.1080/09500690903452922
    • (2011) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.33 , pp. 323-340
    • Sandi-Urena, S.1    Cooper, M.M.2    Stevens, R.H.3
  • 268
    • 84860741335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Cooperative Problem-Based Lab Instruction on Metacognition and Problem-Solving Skills
    • Sandi-Urena, S.; Cooper, M.; Stevens, R. Effect of Cooperative Problem-Based Lab Instruction on Metacognition and Problem-Solving Skills. J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 700-706, 10.1021/ed1011844
    • (2012) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.89 , pp. 700-706
    • Sandi-Urena, S.1    Cooper, M.2    Stevens, R.3
  • 269
    • 85012880460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-Class Versus At-Home Quizzes: Which Is Better? A Flipped Learning Study in a Two-Site Synchronously Broadcast Organic Chemistry Course
    • Christiansen, M. A.; Lambert, A. M.; Nadelson, L. S.; Dupree, K. M.; Kingsford, T. A. In-Class Versus At-Home Quizzes: Which Is Better? A Flipped Learning Study in a Two-Site Synchronously Broadcast Organic Chemistry Course. J. Chem. Educ. 2017, 94, 157-163, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00370
    • (2017) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.94 , pp. 157-163
    • Christiansen, M.A.1    Lambert, A.M.2    Nadelson, L.S.3    Dupree, K.M.4    Kingsford, T.A.5
  • 270
    • 85016421708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flipped Classroom Modules for Large Enrollment General Chemistry Courses: A Low Barrier Approach to Increase Active Learning and Improve Student Grades
    • Eichler, J. F.; Peeples, J. Flipped Classroom Modules for Large Enrollment General Chemistry Courses: A Low Barrier Approach to Increase Active Learning and Improve Student Grades. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2016, 17, 197-208, 10.1039/C5RP00159E
    • (2016) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.17 , pp. 197-208
    • Eichler, J.F.1    Peeples, J.2
  • 271
    • 84929260937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Flipped Classroom for Teaching Organic Chemistry in Small Classes: Is It Effective?
    • Fautch, J. M. The Flipped Classroom for Teaching Organic Chemistry in Small Classes: Is It Effective?. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2015, 16, 179-186, 10.1039/C4RP00230J
    • (2015) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.16 , pp. 179-186
    • Fautch, J.M.1
  • 272
    • 84968735813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and Evaluation of Flipped Chemistry Courses: Organic & Spectroscopy, Large and Small, First to Third Year, English and French
    • Flynn, A. B. Structure and Evaluation of Flipped Chemistry Courses: Organic & Spectroscopy, Large and Small, First to Third Year, English and French. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2015, 16, 198-211, 10.1039/C4RP00224E
    • (2015) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.16 , pp. 198-211
    • Flynn, A.B.1
  • 273
    • 84941044010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ConfChem Conference on Flipped Classroom: Time-Saving Resources Aligned with Cognitive Science to Help Instructors
    • Hartman, J. R.; Dahm, D. J.; Nelson, E. A. ConfChem Conference on Flipped Classroom: Time-Saving Resources Aligned with Cognitive Science To Help Instructors. J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92, 1568-1569, 10.1021/ed5009156
    • (2015) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.92 , pp. 1568-1569
    • Hartman, J.R.1    Dahm, D.J.2    Nelson, E.A.3
  • 274
    • 84954349730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Examining the Effectiveness of a Semi-Self-Paced Flipped Learning Format in a College General Chemistry Sequence
    • Hibbard, L.; Sung, S.; Wells, B. Examining the Effectiveness of a Semi-Self-Paced Flipped Learning Format in a College General Chemistry Sequence. J. Chem. Educ. 2016, 93, 24-30, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.5b00592
    • (2016) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.93 , pp. 24-30
    • Hibbard, L.1    Sung, S.2    Wells, B.3
  • 275
    • 48749119167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Review of Literature Reports of Clickers Applicable to College Chemistry Classrooms
    • MacArthur, J. R.; Jones, L. L. A Review of Literature Reports of Clickers Applicable to College Chemistry Classrooms. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2008, 9, 187-195, 10.1039/B812407H
    • (2008) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.9 , pp. 187-195
    • Macarthur, J.R.1    Jones, L.L.2
  • 276
    • 85049141542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It is important to emphasize that, throughout this section, "models" refers to physical or virtual representations of atoms and molecules, not simplifications based on scientific principles that serve to predict or explain phenomena
    • It is important to emphasize that, throughout this section, "models" refers to physical or virtual representations of atoms and molecules, not simplifications based on scientific principles that serve to predict or explain phenomena.
  • 277
    • 84974851721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting Representational Competence with Molecular Models in Organic Chemistry
    • Stull, A. T.; Gainer, M.; Padalkar, S.; Hegarty, M. Promoting Representational Competence with Molecular Models in Organic Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2016, 93, 994-1001, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00194
    • (2016) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.93 , pp. 994-1001
    • Stull, A.T.1    Gainer, M.2    Padalkar, S.3    Hegarty, M.4
  • 278
    • 84880305061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usability of Concrete and Virtual Models in Chemistry Instruction
    • Stull, A. T.; Barrett, T.; Hegarty, M. Usability of Concrete and Virtual Models in Chemistry Instruction. Comput. Hum. Behav. 2013, 29, 2546-2556, 10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.012
    • (2013) Comput. Hum. Behav. , vol.29 , pp. 2546-2556
    • Stull, A.T.1    Barrett, T.2    Hegarty, M.3
  • 279
    • 84867514105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representational Translation with Concrete Models in Organic Chemistry
    • Stull, A. T.; Hegarty, M.; Dixon, B.; Stieff, M. Representational Translation with Concrete Models in Organic Chemistry. Cogn. Instr. 2012, 30, 404-434, 10.1080/07370008.2012.719956
    • (2012) Cogn. Instr. , vol.30 , pp. 404-434
    • Stull, A.T.1    Hegarty, M.2    Dixon, B.3    Stieff, M.4
  • 280
    • 84930378258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models as Feedback: Developing Representational Competence in Chemistry
    • Padalkar, S.; Hegarty, M. Models as Feedback: Developing Representational Competence in Chemistry. J. Educ. Psychol. 2015, 107, 451-467, 10.1037/a0037516
    • (2015) J. Educ. Psychol. , vol.107 , pp. 451-467
    • Padalkar, S.1    Hegarty, M.2
  • 281
    • 84873691934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying Student Use of Ball-and-Stick Images versus Electrostatic Potential Map Images via Eye Tracking
    • Williamson, V. M.; Hegarty, M.; Deslongchamps, G.; Williamson, K. C.; Shultz, M. J. Identifying Student Use of Ball-and-Stick Images versus Electrostatic Potential Map Images via Eye Tracking. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 159-164, 10.1021/ed200259j
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 159-164
    • Williamson, V.M.1    Hegarty, M.2    Deslongchamps, G.3    Williamson, K.C.4    Shultz, M.J.5
  • 283
    • 84890531717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Multimedia-Based Learning and Molecular Visualization Change the Landscape of Chemical Education Research
    • Jones, L. L. How Multimedia-Based Learning and Molecular Visualization Change the Landscape of Chemical Education Research. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1571-1576, 10.1021/ed4001206
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1571-1576
    • Jones, L.L.1
  • 284
    • 84949545960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visualization: The Key to Understanding Chemistry Concepts
    • Oxford University Press: Oxford, U.K. Vol
    • Jones, L. L.; Kelly, R. M. Visualization: The Key to Understanding Chemistry Concepts. In Sputnik to Smartphones: A Half-Century of Chemistry Education; Orna, M. V., Ed.; Oxford University Press: Oxford, U.K., 2015; Vol. 1208, pp 121-140.
    • (2015) Sputnik to Smartphones: A Half-Century of Chemistry Education , vol.1208 , pp. 121-140
    • Jones, L.L.1    Kelly, R.M.2    Orna, M.V.3
  • 285
    • 84989085821 scopus 로고
    • The Effects of Computer Animation on the Particulate Mental Models of College Chemistry Students
    • Williamson, V. M.; Abraham, M. R. The Effects of Computer Animation on the Particulate Mental Models of College Chemistry Students. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1995, 32, 521-534, 10.1002/tea.3660320508
    • (1995) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.32 , pp. 521-534
    • Williamson, V.M.1    Abraham, M.R.2
  • 287
    • 84873559677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using Multimedia to Visualize the Molecular World: Educational Theory into Practice
    • Eds; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ
    • Tasker, R. Using Multimedia to Visualize the Molecular World: Educational Theory into Practice. Chemists' Guide to Effective Teaching; Pienta, N. J., Cooper, M. M., Greenbowe, T. J., Eds; Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2005; pp 195-211.
    • (2005) Chemists' Guide to Effective Teaching , pp. 195-211
    • Tasker, R.1    Pienta, N.J.2    Cooper, M.M.3    Greenbowe, T.J.4
  • 288
    • 84890681139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How Does Viewing One Computer Animation Affect Students' Interpretations of Another Animation Depicting the Same Oxidation-reduction Reaction?
    • Rosenthal, D. P.; Sanger, M. J. How Does Viewing One Computer Animation Affect Students' Interpretations of Another Animation Depicting the Same Oxidation-reduction Reaction?. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2013, 14, 286-296, 10.1039/C3RP00006K
    • (2013) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.14 , pp. 286-296
    • Rosenthal, D.P.1    Sanger, M.J.2
  • 289
    • 2442489750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring Visuospatial Thinking in Chemistry Learning
    • Wu, H.-K.; Shah, P. Exploring Visuospatial Thinking in Chemistry Learning. Sci. Educ. 2004, 88, 465-492, 10.1002/sce.10126
    • (2004) Sci. Educ. , vol.88 , pp. 465-492
    • Wu, H.-K.1    Shah, P.2
  • 290
    • 85049148837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • VisChem. Visualising the Chemical world; (accessed Aug 18)
    • VisChem. Visualising the Chemical world; http://vischem.com.au/ (accessed Aug 18, 2017).
    • (2017)
  • 291
    • 39049142573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating Students' Ability to Transfer Ideas Learned from Molecular Animations of the Dissolution Process
    • Kelly, R. M.; Jones, L. L. Investigating Students' Ability To Transfer Ideas Learned from Molecular Animations of the Dissolution Process. J. Chem. Educ. 2008, 85, 303-309, 10.1021/ed085p303
    • (2008) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.85 , pp. 303-309
    • Kelly, R.M.1    Jones, L.L.2
  • 292
    • 35348831855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring How Different Features of Animations of Sodium Chloride Dissolution Affect Students' Explanations
    • Kelly, R. M.; Jones, L. L. Exploring How Different Features of Animations of Sodium Chloride Dissolution Affect Students' Explanations. J. Sci. Educ. Technol. 2007, 16, 413-429, 10.1007/s10956-007-9065-3
    • (2007) J. Sci. Educ. Technol. , vol.16 , pp. 413-429
    • Kelly, R.M.1    Jones, L.L.2
  • 293
    • 85006380921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular-Level Visualisation for Educational Purposes
    • The Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, Vol
    • Tasker, R. Molecular-Level Visualisation for Educational Purposes. In Chemical Modelling; Springborg, M., Joswig, J.-O., Eds.; The Royal Society of Chemistry: Cambridge, 2017; Vol. 17, pp 261-282.
    • (2017) Chemical Modelling , vol.17 , pp. 261-282
    • Tasker, R.1    Springborg, M.2    Joswig, J.-O.3
  • 294
    • 85033555302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drawing for Promoting Learning and Engagement with Dynamic Visualizations
    • Springer: Cham
    • Stieff, M. Drawing for Promoting Learning and Engagement with Dynamic Visualizations. In Learning from Dynamic Visualization; Lowe, R., Ploetzner, R., Eds.; Springer: Cham, 2017; pp 333-356.
    • (2017) Learning from Dynamic Visualization , pp. 333-356
    • Stieff, M.1    Lowe, R.2    Ploetzner, R.3
  • 295
    • 2542444775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Purdue Visualization of Rotations Test
    • Bodner, G. M.; Guay, R. B. The Purdue Visualization of Rotations Test. Chem. Educ. 1997, 2, 1-17, 10.1007/s00897970138a
    • (1997) Chem. Educ. , vol.2 , pp. 1-17
    • Bodner, G.M.1    Guay, R.B.2
  • 296
    • 84983931928 scopus 로고
    • Spatial Ability and Its Role in Organic Chemistry: A Study of Four Organic Courses
    • Pribyl, J. R.; Bodner, G. M. Spatial Ability and Its Role in Organic Chemistry: A Study of Four Organic Courses. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 1987, 24, 229-240, 10.1002/tea.3660240304
    • (1987) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.24 , pp. 229-240
    • Pribyl, J.R.1    Bodner, G.M.2
  • 297
    • 84904109933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors Contributing to Problem-Solving Performance in First-Semester Organic Chemistry
    • Lopez, E. J.; Shavelson, R. J.; Nandagopal, K.; Szu, E.; Penn, J. Factors Contributing to Problem-Solving Performance in First-Semester Organic Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2014, 91, 976-981, 10.1021/ed400696c
    • (2014) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.91 , pp. 976-981
    • Lopez, E.J.1    Shavelson, R.J.2    Nandagopal, K.3    Szu, E.4    Penn, J.5
  • 298
    • 84873645194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex Differences in the Mental Rotation of Chemistry Representations
    • Stieff, M. Sex Differences in the Mental Rotation of Chemistry Representations. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 165-170, 10.1021/ed300499t
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 165-170
    • Stieff, M.1
  • 299
    • 80052178836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drawing to Learn in Science
    • Ainsworth, S.; Prain, V.; Tytler, R. Drawing to Learn in Science. Science 2011, 333, 1096-1097, 10.1126/science.1204153
    • (2011) Science , vol.333 , pp. 1096-1097
    • Ainsworth, S.1    Prain, V.2    Tytler, R.3
  • 300
    • 33846102970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a MORE Laboratory Module in Prompting Students to Revise Their Molecular-Level Ideas about Solutions
    • Tien, L. T.; Teichert, M. A.; Rickey, D. Effectiveness of a MORE Laboratory Module in Prompting Students To Revise Their Molecular-Level Ideas about Solutions. J. Chem. Educ. 2007, 84, 175-181, 10.1021/ed084p175
    • (2007) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.84 , pp. 175-181
    • Tien, L.T.1    Teichert, M.A.2    Rickey, D.3
  • 301
    • 77955872523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lost in Lewis Structures: An Investigation of Student Difficulties in Developing Representational Competence
    • Cooper, M. M.; Grove, N.; Underwood, S. M.; Klymkowsky, M. W. Lost in Lewis Structures: An Investigation of Student Difficulties in Developing Representational Competence. J. Chem. Educ. 2010, 87, 869-874, 10.1021/ed900004y
    • (2010) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.87 , pp. 869-874
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Grove, N.2    Underwood, S.M.3    Klymkowsky, M.W.4
  • 302
    • 85028721369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language of Mechanisms: Exam Analysis Reveals Students' Strengths, Strategies, and Errors When Using the Electron-Pushing Formalism (Curved Arrows) in New Reactions
    • Flynn, A. B.; Featherstone, R. B. Language of Mechanisms: Exam Analysis Reveals Students' Strengths, Strategies, and Errors When Using the Electron-Pushing Formalism (Curved Arrows) in New Reactions. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2017, 18, 64-77, 10.1039/C6RP00126B
    • (2017) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.18 , pp. 64-77
    • Flynn, A.B.1    Featherstone, R.B.2
  • 303
    • 84862171054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decorating with Arrows: Toward the Development of Representational Competence in Organic Chemistry
    • Grove, N. P.; Cooper, M. M.; Rush, K. M. Decorating with Arrows: Toward the Development of Representational Competence in Organic Chemistry. J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 844-849, 10.1021/ed2003934
    • (2012) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.89 , pp. 844-849
    • Grove, N.P.1    Cooper, M.M.2    Rush, K.M.3
  • 304
    • 85022213083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sketching the Invisible to Predict the Visible: From Drawing to Modeling in Chemistry
    • Cooper, M. M.; Stieff, M.; DeSutter, D. Sketching the Invisible to Predict the Visible: From Drawing to Modeling in Chemistry. Top. Cogn. Sci. 2017, 9, 902-920, 10.1111/tops.12285
    • (2017) Top. Cogn. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 902-920
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Stieff, M.2    Desutter, D.3
  • 305
    • 70350717339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active-Constructive-Interactive: A Conceptual Framework for Differentiating Learning Activities
    • Chi, M. T. H. Active-Constructive-Interactive: A Conceptual Framework for Differentiating Learning Activities. Top. Cogn. Sci. 2009, 1, 73-105, 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2008.01005.x
    • (2009) Top. Cogn. Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 73-105
    • Chi, M.T.H.1
  • 306
    • 46349110311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of Context on Students' Molecular-Level Ideas
    • Teichert, M. A.; Tien, L. T.; Anthony, S.; Rickey, D. Effects of Context on Students' Molecular-Level Ideas. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2008, 30, 1095-1114, 10.1080/09500690701355301
    • (2008) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.30 , pp. 1095-1114
    • Teichert, M.A.1    Tien, L.T.2    Anthony, S.3    Rickey, D.4
  • 307
    • 85016392690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When Do Students Recognize Relationships between Molecular Structure and Properties? A Longitudinal Comparison of the Impact of Traditional and Transformed Curricula
    • Underwood, S. M.; Reyes-Gastelum, D.; Cooper, M. M. When Do Students Recognize Relationships between Molecular Structure and Properties? A Longitudinal Comparison of the Impact of Traditional and Transformed Curricula. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2016, 17, 365-380, 10.1039/C5RP00217F
    • (2016) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.17 , pp. 365-380
    • Underwood, S.M.1    Reyes-Gastelum, D.2    Cooper, M.M.3
  • 308
    • 24144473979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • It Gets Me to the Product": How Students Propose Organic Mechanisms
    • Bhattacharyya, G.; Bodner, G. M. It Gets Me to the Product": How Students Propose Organic Mechanisms. J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 1402-1407, 10.1021/ed082p1402
    • (2005) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.82 , pp. 1402-1407
    • Bhattacharyya, G.1    Bodner, G.M.2
  • 309
    • 84862181834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does Mechanistic Thinking Improve Student Success in Organic Chemistry?
    • Grove, N. P.; Cooper, M. M.; Cox, E. L. Does Mechanistic Thinking Improve Student Success in Organic Chemistry?. J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 850-853, 10.1021/ed200394d
    • (2012) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.89 , pp. 850-853
    • Grove, N.P.1    Cooper, M.M.2    Cox, E.L.3
  • 310
    • 84908665067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trials and Tribulations: Student Approaches and Difficulties with Proposing Mechanisms Using the Electron-Pushing Formalism
    • Bhattacharyya, G. Trials and Tribulations: Student Approaches and Difficulties with Proposing Mechanisms Using the Electron-Pushing Formalism. Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 2014, 15, 594-609, 10.1039/C3RP00127J
    • (2014) Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. , vol.15 , pp. 594-609
    • Bhattacharyya, G.1
  • 311
    • 84885405022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From Source to Sink: Mechanistic Reasoning Using the Electron-Pushing Formalism
    • Bhattacharyya, G. From Source to Sink: Mechanistic Reasoning Using the Electron-Pushing Formalism. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1282-1289, 10.1021/ed300765k
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1282-1289
    • Bhattacharyya, G.1
  • 313
    • 85049138760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of Evidence Series; (accessed Sep 14)
    • Online Learning: Does It Help Low-Income and Underprepared Students?; Assessment of Evidence Series; http://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/publications/online-learning-low-income-underprepared.html (accessed Sep 14, 2017).
    • (2017) Online Learning: Does It Help Low-Income and Underprepared Students?
  • 314
    • 85049140444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (accessed Sep 14)
    • MOOCs: Expectations and Reality; https://library.educause.edu/resources/2014/5/moocs-expectations-and-reality (accessed Sep 14, 2017).
    • (2017) MOOCs: Expectations and Reality
  • 315
    • 79961183551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Effectiveness of Distance Education across Virginia's Community Colleges: Evidence from Introductory College-Level Math and English Courses
    • Xu, D.; Jaggars, S. S. The Effectiveness of Distance Education across Virginia's Community Colleges: Evidence from Introductory College-Level Math and English Courses. Educ. Eval. Policy Anal. 2011, 33, 360-377, 10.3102/0162373711413814
    • (2011) Educ. Eval. Policy Anal. , vol.33 , pp. 360-377
    • Xu, D.1    Jaggars, S.S.2
  • 317
    • 84904767498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replicating Peer-Led Team Learning in Cyberspace: Research, Opportunities, and Challenges
    • Smith, J.; Wilson, S. B.; Banks, J.; Zhu, L.; Varma-Nelson, P. Replicating Peer-Led Team Learning in Cyberspace: Research, Opportunities, and Challenges. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2014, 51, 714-740, 10.1002/tea.21163
    • (2014) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.51 , pp. 714-740
    • Smith, J.1    Wilson, S.B.2    Banks, J.3    Zhu, L.4    Varma-Nelson, P.5
  • 318
    • 84887567305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive Open Online Courses in Chemistry: A Comparative Overview of Platforms and Features
    • Leontyev, A.; Baranov, D. Massive Open Online Courses in Chemistry: A Comparative Overview of Platforms and Features. J. Chem. Educ. 2013, 90, 1533-1539, 10.1021/ed400283x
    • (2013) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.90 , pp. 1533-1539
    • Leontyev, A.1    Baranov, D.2
  • 321
    • 0003934972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 nd ed. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development: Alexandria, VA
    • Wiggins, G. P.; McTighe, J. Understanding by Design, 2 nd ed.; Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development: Alexandria, VA, 2005.
    • (2005) Understanding by Design
    • Wiggins, G.P.1    McTighe, J.2
  • 322
    • 84935412703 scopus 로고
    • Design Experiments: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges in Creating Complex Interventions in Classroom Settings
    • Brown, A. L. Design Experiments: Theoretical and Methodological Challenges in Creating Complex Interventions in Classroom Settings. J. Learn. Sci. 1992, 2, 141-178, 10.1207/s15327809jls0202-2
    • (1992) J. Learn. Sci. , vol.2 , pp. 141-178
    • Brown, A.L.1
  • 323
    • 1042302991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design-Based Research: Putting a Stake in the Ground
    • Barab, S.; Squire, K. Design-Based Research: Putting a Stake in the Ground. J. Learn. Sci. 2004, 13, 1-14, 10.1207/s15327809jls1301-1
    • (2004) J. Learn. Sci. , vol.13 , pp. 1-14
    • Barab, S.1    Squire, K.2
  • 325
    • 68149173123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning Progressions: Aligning Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment
    • Duncan, R. G.; Hmelo-Silver, C. E. Learning Progressions: Aligning Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment. J. Res. Sci. Teach. 2009, 46, 606-609, 10.1002/tea.20316
    • (2009) J. Res. Sci. Teach. , vol.46 , pp. 606-609
    • Duncan, R.G.1    Hmelo-Silver, C.E.2
  • 326
    • 84867440899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and Assessment of a Molecular Structure and Properties Learning Progression
    • Cooper, M. M.; Underwood, S. M.; Hilley, C. Z.; Klymkowsky, M. W. Development and Assessment of a Molecular Structure and Properties Learning Progression. J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 1351-1357, 10.1021/ed300083a
    • (2012) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.89 , pp. 1351-1357
    • Cooper, M.M.1    Underwood, S.M.2    Hilley, C.Z.3    Klymkowsky, M.W.4
  • 327
    • 85038218069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reforming a Large Foundational Course: Successes and Challenges
    • Talanquer, V.; Pollard, J. Reforming a Large Foundational Course: Successes and Challenges. J. Chem. Educ. 2017, 94, 1844-1851, 10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00397
    • (2017) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.94 , pp. 1844-1851
    • Talanquer, V.1    Pollard, J.2
  • 328
    • 13144249278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pupil's and Parents' Views of the School Science Curriculum
    • Osborne, J.; Collins, S. Pupil's and Parents' Views of the School Science Curriculum. Sch. Sci. Rev. 2000, 82, 23-31
    • (2000) Sch. Sci. Rev. , vol.82 , pp. 23-31
    • Osborne, J.1    Collins, S.2
  • 329
    • 3943064884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Logical Positivism as a Tool to Analyse the Problem of Chemistry's Lack of Relevance in Secondary School Chemical Education
    • Van Aalsvoort, J. Logical Positivism as a Tool to Analyse the Problem of Chemistry's Lack of Relevance in Secondary School Chemical Education. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2004, 26, 1151-1168, 10.1080/0950069042000205369
    • (2004) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.26 , pp. 1151-1168
    • Van Aalsvoort, J.1
  • 330
    • 70349984015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Promoting Scientific Literacy Using a Sociocritical and Problem-Oriented Approach to Chemistry Teaching: Concept, Examples, Experiences
    • Marks, R.; Eilks, I. Promoting Scientific Literacy Using a Sociocritical and Problem-Oriented Approach to Chemistry Teaching: Concept, Examples, Experiences. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Educ. 2009, 4, 231-245
    • (2009) Int. J. Environ. Sci. Educ. , vol.4 , pp. 231-245
    • Marks, R.1    Eilks, I.2
  • 331
    • 84882257100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Meaning of 'Relevance'in Science Education and Its Implications for the Science Curriculum
    • Stuckey, M.; Hofstein, A.; Mamlok-Naaman, R.; Eilks, I. The Meaning of 'Relevance'in Science Education and Its Implications for the Science Curriculum. Stud. Sci. Educ. 2013, 49, 1-34, 10.1080/03057267.2013.802463
    • (2013) Stud. Sci. Educ. , vol.49 , pp. 1-34
    • Stuckey, M.1    Hofstein, A.2    Mamlok-Naaman, R.3    Eilks, I.4
  • 333
    • 79957465943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concept Development and Transfer in Context-Based Science Education
    • Gilbert, J. K.; Bulte, A. M. W.; Pilot, A. Concept Development and Transfer in Context-Based Science Education. Int. J. Sci. Educ. 2011, 33, 817-837, 10.1080/09500693.2010.493185
    • (2011) Int. J. Sci. Educ. , vol.33 , pp. 817-837
    • Gilbert, J.K.1    Bulte, A.M.W.2    Pilot, A.3
  • 335
    • 37349040102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of Research on Children's Learning for Standards and Assessment: A Proposed Learning Progression for Matter and the Atomic-Molecular Theory
    • Smith, C. L.; Wiser, M.; Anderson, C. W.; Krajcik, J. Implications of Research on Children's Learning for Standards and Assessment: A Proposed Learning Progression for Matter and the Atomic-Molecular Theory. Meas. Interdiscip. Res. Perspect. 2006, 4, 1-98, 10.1080/15366367.2006.9678570
    • (2006) Meas. Interdiscip. Res. Perspect. , vol.4 , pp. 1-98
    • Smith, C.L.1    Wiser, M.2    Anderson, C.W.3    Krajcik, J.4
  • 336
    • 84863842914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Importance, Cautions and Future of Learning Progression Research
    • Sense Publishers: Rotterdam
    • Krajcik, J. S. The Importance, Cautions and Future of Learning Progression Research. In Learning Progressions in Science; Alonzo, A. C., Gotwals, A. W., Eds.; Sense Publishers: Rotterdam, 2012; pp 27-36.
    • (2012) Learning Progressions in Science , pp. 27-36
    • Krajcik, J.S.1    Alonzo, A.C.2    Gotwals, A.W.3
  • 337
    • 85036590862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What Are Critical Features of Science Curriculum Materials That Impact Student and Teacher Outcomes?
    • Roblin, N. P.; Schunn, C.; McKenney, S. What Are Critical Features of Science Curriculum Materials That Impact Student and Teacher Outcomes?. Sci. Educ. 2018, 102, 260-282, 10.1002/sce.21328
    • (2018) Sci. Educ. , vol.102 , pp. 260-282
    • Roblin, N.P.1    Schunn, C.2    McKenney, S.3
  • 338
    • 84922464800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cottrell Scholars Collaborative New Faculty Workshop: Professional Development for New Chemistry Faculty and Initial Assessment of Its Efficacy
    • Baker, L. A.; Chakraverty, D.; Columbus, L.; Feig, A. L.; Jenks, W. S.; Pilarz, M.; Stains, M.; Waterman, R.; Wesemann, J. L. Cottrell Scholars Collaborative New Faculty Workshop: Professional Development for New Chemistry Faculty and Initial Assessment of Its Efficacy. J. Chem. Educ. 2014, 91, 1874-1881, 10.1021/ed500547n
    • (2014) J. Chem. Educ. , vol.91 , pp. 1874-1881
    • Baker, L.A.1    Chakraverty, D.2    Columbus, L.3    Feig, A.L.4    Jenks, W.S.5    Pilarz, M.6    Stains, M.7    Waterman, R.8    Wesemann, J.L.9
  • 339
    • 77956637743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedagogical Practices and Instructional Change of Physics Faculty
    • Dancy, M.; Henderson, C. Pedagogical Practices and Instructional Change of Physics Faculty. Am. J. Phys. 2010, 78, 1056-1063, 10.1119/1.3446763
    • (2010) Am. J. Phys. , vol.78 , pp. 1056-1063
    • Dancy, M.1    Henderson, C.2
  • 340
    • 79960167961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What We Say Is Not What We Do: Effective Evaluation of Faculty Professional Development Programs
    • Ebert-May, D.; Derting, T. L.; Hodder, J.; Momsen, J. L.; Long, T. M.; Jardeleza, S. E. What We Say Is Not What We Do: Effective Evaluation of Faculty Professional Development Programs. BioScience 2011, 61, 550-558, 10.1525/bio.2011.61.7.9
    • (2011) BioScience , vol.61 , pp. 550-558
    • Ebert-May, D.1    Derting, T.L.2    Hodder, J.3    Momsen, J.L.4    Long, T.M.5    Jardeleza, S.E.6
  • 341
    • 63049131626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data-Driven Education Research
    • Cooper, M. M. Data-Driven Education Research. Science 2007, 317, 1171, 10.1126/science.317.5842.1171
    • (2007) Science , vol.317 , pp. 1171
    • Cooper, M.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.