Charge transport through molecular switches

Journal of Physics Condensed Matter

Volumn 22, Issue 13, 2010, Pages

  Jan Van Der Molen, Sense ^a   Liljeroth, Peter ^b  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BREAK JUNCTIONS; CATENANES; CHARGE TRANSPORT; DIARYLETHENES; ELECTRONIC COUPLING; LOW-TEMPERATURE SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; MOLECULAR JUNCTION; MOLECULAR SWITCHES; PHOTOCHROMIC SWITCHES; REDOX-ACTIVE; ROTAXANES; SWITCHABILITY; SWITCHABLE; TWO-TERMINAL DEVICES;

OLEFINS; SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPY; SELF ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS;

MOLECULES;

EID: 77949705458     PISSN: 09538984     EISSN: 1361648X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/13/133001     Document Type: Review

References (272)

1. Mann B and Kuhn H 1971 J. Appl. Phys. 42 4398
2. Aviram A and Ratner M A 1974 Chem. Phys. Lett. 29 277
3. Metzger R M 2008 J. Mater. Chem. 18 4364
4. Feringa B L 2001 Molecular Switches (Weinheim: Wiley-VCH)
5. Irie M 2000 Chem. Rev. 100 1685
6. Weibel N, Grunder S and Mayor M 2007 Org. Biomol. Chem. 5 2343
7. Stoddart J F and Colquhoun H M 2008 Tetrahedron 64 8231
8. Alemani M, Peters M V, Hecht S, Rieder K-H, Moresco F and Grill L 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 14446
9. Choi B Y, Kahng S J, Kim S, Kim H, Kim H W, Song Y J, Ihm J and Kuk Y 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 156106
10. Comstock M J, et al. 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 038301
11. Comstock M J, Levy N, Cho J, Berbil-Bautista L, Crommie M F, Poulsen D A and Frechet J M J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 123107
12. Liljeroth P, Repp J and Meyer G 2007 Science 317 1203
13. Repp J, Meyer G, Olsson F E and Persson M 2004 Science 305 493
14. Wu S W, Ogawa N, Nazin G V and Ho W 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 5241
15. Meded V, Bagrets A, Arnold A and Evers F 2009 Small 5 2218
16. Tao N J 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4066
17. Haiss W, van Zalinge H, Higgins S J, Bethell D, Hobenreich H, Schiffrin D J and Nichols R J 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 15294
18. Li Z, Han B, Meszaros G, Pobelov I, Wandlowski T, Blaszczyk A and Mayor M 2006 Faraday Discuss. 131 121
19. Osorio E A, O'Neill K, Wegewijs M, Stuhr-Hansen N, Paaske J, Bjørnholm T and van der Zant H S J 2007 Nano Lett. 7 3336
20. Osorio E A, O'Neill K, Stuhr-Hansen N, Nielsen O F, Bjørnholm T and van der Zant H S J 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 281
21. Li X L, Hihath J, Chen F, Masuda T, Zang L and Tao N J 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 11535
22. Hipps K and Mazur U 2002 Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy (Chichester: Wiley) chapter (Inelastic Electron Tunneling Spectroscopy)
23. Agrat N, Yeyati A L and van Ruitenbeek J M 2003 Phys. Rep. 377 81 and references therein
24. Smit R H M, Noat Y, Untiedt C, Lang N D, van Hemert M C and van Ruitenbeek J M 2002 Nature 419 906
25. Eigler D M, Lutz C P and Rudge W E 1991 Nature 352 600
26. Qiu X H, Nazin G V and Ho W 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 196806
27. Thijssen J M and van der Zant H S J 2008 Phys. Status Solidi 245 1455
28. Olsson F E, Paavilainen S, Persson M, Repp J and Meyer G 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 176803
29. Grunder S, Huber R, Horhoiu V, Gonzalez M T, Schönenberger C, Calame M and Mayor M 2007 J. Org. Chem. 72 8337
30. Dulić D, Kudernac T, Puzys A, Feringa B L and van Wees B J 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 2898
31. Gutlich P, Hauser A and Spiering H 1994 Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 33 2024
32. Salitros I, Madhu N T, Boca R, Pavlik J and Ruben M 2009 Mon. Chem. 140 695
33. Gamez P, Sanchez Costa J, Quesada M and Aromi G 2009 Dalton Trans. 38 7845
34. Osorio E A, Moth-Poulsen K, van der Zant H S J, Paaske J, Hedegrd P, Flensberg K, Bendix J and Bjørnholm T 2010 Nano Lett. 10 105
35. Förster T 1948 Ann. Phys. 437 55
36. de Boer B, Frank M M, Chabal Y J, Jiang W, Garfunkel E and Bao Z 2004 Langmuir 20 1539
37. Stewart D R, Ohlberg D A A, Beck P A, Chen Y, Williams R S, Jeppesen J O, Nielsen K A and Stoddart J F 2004 Nano Lett. 4 133
38. Haick H, Ghabboun J and Cahen D 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 042113
39. Beebe J M and Kushmerick J G 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 083117
40. Datta S 1995 Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
41. Nitzan A and Ratner M A 2003 Science 300 1384
42. Bastard G 1981 Phys. Rev. B 24 5693
43. Moth-Poulsen K and Bjørnholm T 2009 Nat. Nanotechnol. 4 551
44. Landauer R 1957 IBM J. Res. Dev. 1 223
45. Tao N J 2006 Nat. Nanotechnol. 1 173
46. Lindsay S M and Ratner M A 2007 Adv. Mater. 19 23
47. Chen F, Hihath J, Huang Z, Li X and Tao N J 2007 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 58 535
48. Huisman E H, Guédon C M, van Wees B J and van der Molen S J 2009 Nano Lett. 9 3909
49. Kergueris C, Bourgoin J-P, Palacin S, Esteve D, Urbina C, Magoga M and Joachim C 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 12505
50. Niquet Y M, Delerue C, Allan G and Lannoo M 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 165334
51. Delerue C and Lannoo M 2004 Nanostructures; Theory and Modelling (Berlin: Springer)
52. Wu S, Nazin G, Chen X, Qiu X and Ho W 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 236802
53. Liljeroth P, Jdira L, Overgaag K, Grandidier B, Speller S and Vanmaekelbergh D 2006 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8 3845
54. Datta S 2004 Nanotechnology 15 S433
55. Stipe B C, Rezaei M A and Ho W 1998 Science 280 1732
56. Heinrich A J, Lutz C P, Gupta J A and Eigler D M 2002 Science 298 1381
57. Wang W, Lee T, Kretzschmar I and Reed M 2004 Nano Lett. 4 643
58. Kushmerick J G, Lazorcik J, Patterson C H, Shashidhar R, Seferos D S and Bazan G C 2004 Nano Lett. 4 639
59. Kiguchi M, Tal O, Wohlthat S, Pauly F, Krieger M, Djukic D, Cuevas J C and van Ruitenbeek J M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 046801
60. Tal O, Krieger M, Leerink B and van Ruitenbeek J M 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 196804
61. Lorente N, Persson M, Lauhon L J and Ho W 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 2593
62. Viljas J K, Cuevas J C, Pauly F and Häfner M 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 245415
63. Gagliardi A, Solomon G C, Pecchia A, Frauenheim T, Carlo A D, Hush N S and Reimers J R 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 174306
64. Qiu X H, Nazin G V and Ho W 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 206102
65. Ogawa N, Mikaelian G and Ho W 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 166103
66. Seldenthuis J S, van der Zant H S J, Ratner M A and Thijssen J M 2008 ACS Nano 2 1445
67. Wingreen N S, Jacobsen K W and Wilkins J W 1989 Phys. Rev. B 40 11834
68. Sun Z, Swart I, Delerue C, Vanmaekelbergh D and Liljeroth P 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 196401
69. Selzer Y and Allara D L 2006 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 57 593
70. Galperin M, Ratner M A, Nitzan A and Troisi A 2008 Science 319 1056
71. Akkerman H B and de Boer B 2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 013001
72. Kröger J, Néel N and Limot L 2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 223001
73. Prokopuk N and Son K-A 2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 374116
74. Binnig G, Rohrer H, Gerber C and Weibel E 1982 Phys. Rev. Lett. 49 57
75. Binnig G and Rohrer H 1987 Rev. Mod. Phys. 59 615
76. Nazin G, Qiu X and Ho W 2003 Science 302 77
77. Lu X, Grobis M, Khoo K, Louie S and Crommie M 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 096802
78. Repp J, Meyer G, Stojkovic S M, Gourdon A and Joachim C 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 026803
79. Moore A M and Weiss P S 2008 Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 1 857
80. Zandvliet H J W and van Houselt A 2009 Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2 37
81. Crommie M F, Lutz C P and Eigler D M 1993 Nature 363 524
82. Manoharan H C, Lutz C P and Eigler D M 2000 Nature 403 512
83. Tersoff J and Hamann D R 1985 Phys. Rev. B 31 805
84. Selloni A, Carnevali P, Tosatti E and Chen C D 1985 Phys. Rev. B 31 2602
85. Lang N D 1986 Phys. Rev. B 34 5947
86. Hamers R J 1989 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 40 531
87. Hofer W A, Foster A S and Shluger A L. 2003 Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 1287
88. Simic-Milosevic V, Mehlhorn M, Rieder K-H, Meyer J and Morgenstern K 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 116102
89. Qiu X, Nazin G and Ho W 2003 Science 299 542
90. Repp J and Meyer G 2006 Appl. Phys. A 85 399
91. Heinrich A J, Gupta J, Lutz C and Eigler D 2004 Science 306 466
92. Hirjibehedin C, Lutz C and Heinrich A J 2006 Science 312 1021
93. Repp J, Meyer G, Paavilainen S, Olsson F E and Persson M 2006 Science 312 1196
94. Poirier G E 1997 Chem. Rev. 97 1117
95. Schönenberger C, Jorritsma J, Sondag-Huethorst J A M and Fokkink L G J 1995 J. Phys. Chem. 99 3259
96. Love J C, Estroff L A, Kriebel J K, Nuzzo R G and Whitesides G M 2005 Chem. Rev. 105 1103
97. Bumm L A, Arnold J J, Cygan M T, Dunbar T D, Burgin T P, Jones L, Allara D L, Tour J M and Weiss P S 1996 Science 271 1705
98. Moth-Poulsen K, Patrone L, Stuhr-Hansen N, Christensen J B, Bourgoin J-P and Bjørnholm T 2005 Nano Lett. 5 783
99. Donhauser Z J, et al. 2001 Science 292 2303
100. Lewis P A, Inman C E, Yao Y X, Tour J M, Hutchison J E and Weiss P S 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 12214
101. Ramachandran G K, Hopson T J, Rawlett A M, Nagahara L A, Primak A and Lindsay S M 2003 Science 300 1413
102. Wassel R A, Fuierer R R, Kim N and Gorman C B 2003 Nano Lett. 3 1617
103. Yasuda S, Nakamura T, Matsumoto M and Shigekawa H 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 16430
104. van der Molen S J, van der Vegte H, Kudernac T, Amin I, Feringa B L and van Wees B J 2006 Nanotechnology 17 310
105. Katsonis N, Kudernac T, Walko M, van der Molen S J, van Wees B J and Feringa B L 2006 Adv. Mater. 18 1397
106. Battaglini N, Klein H, Hortholary C, Coudret C, Maurel F and Dumas P 2007 Ultramicroscopy 107 958
107. Moreland J and Ekin J W 1985 J. Appl. Phys. 58 3888
108. Muller C J, van Ruitenbeek J M and de Jongh L J 1992 Physica C 191 485
109. Scheer E, Agrat N, Cuevas J C, Yeyati A L, Ludoph B, Martín-Rodero A, Bollinger G R, van Ruitenbeek J M and Urbina C 1998 Nature 394 154
110. Grüter L, Gonzlez M T, Huber R, Calame M and Schönenberger C 2005 Small 1 1067
111. Vrouwe S A G, van der Giessen E, van der Molen S J, Dulić D, Trouwborst M L and van Wees B J 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 035313
112. Trouwborst M L, Huisman E H, Bakker F L, van der Molen S J and van Wees B J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 175502
113. Rubio-Bollinger G, Joyez P and Agrat N 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 116803
114. Untiedt C, Caturla M J, Calvo M R, Palacios J J, Segers R C and van Ruitenbeek J M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 206801
115. Reed M A, Zhou C, Muller C J, Burgin T P and Tour J M 1997 Science 278 252
116. Reichert J, Ochs R, Beckmann D, Weber H B, Mayor M and Löhneysen H v 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 176804
117. Dulić D, van der Molen S J, Kudernac T, Jonkman H T, de Jong J J D, Bowden T N, van Esch J, Feringa B L and van Wees B J 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 207402
118. Lörtscher E, Ciszek J W, Tour J and Riel H 2006 Small 2 973
119. Böhler T, Edtbauer A and Scheer E 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 125432
120. Suzuki M, Fujii S and Fujihira M 2006 Japan. J. Appl. Phys. 45 2041
121. Gonzalez M T, Wu S, Huber R, van der Molen S J, Schönenberger C and Calame M 2006 Nano Lett. 6 2238
122. Tsutsui M, Shoji K, Morimoto K, Taniguchi M and Kawai T 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 223110
123. Tsutsui M, Shoji K, Taniguchi M and Kawai T 2008 Nano Lett. 8 345
124. Huisman E H, Trouwborst M L, Bakker F L, de Boer B, van Wees B J and van der Molen S J 2008 Nano Lett. 8 3381
125. Martin C A, Ding D, van der Zant H S J and van Ruitenbeek J M 2008 New J. Phys. 10 065008
126. Thijssen W H A, Djukic D, Otte A F, Bremmer R H and van Ruitenbeek J M 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 226806
127. Tal O, Kiguchi M, Thijssen W H A, Djukic D, Untiedt C, Smit R H M and van Ruitenbeek J M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 085427
128. Xu B and Tao N J 2003 Science 301 1221
129. Huang J, Li Q, Ren H, Su H, Shi Q W and Yang J 2007 J. Chem. Phys. 127 13225
130. Xu B Q, Zhang P M, Li X L and Tao N J 2004 Nano Lett. 4 1105
131. Xu B, Xiao X and Tao N J 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 16164
132. Xia J L, Diez-Perez I and Tao N J 2008 Nano Lett. 8 1960
133. Hihath J, Arroyo C R, Rubio-Bollinger G, Tao N J and Agrat N 2008 Nano Lett. 8 1673
134. Li X, He J, Hihath J, Xu B, Lindsay S M and Tao N J 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2135
135. He J, et al. 2005 Nanotechnology 16 695
136. Li C, Mishchenko A, Li Z, Pobelov I, Wandlowski T, Li X Q, Wrthner F, Bagrets A and Evers F 2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 374122
137. Mészros G, Li C, Pobelov I and Wandlowski T 2007 Nanotechnology 18 424004
138. Venkataraman L, Klare J E, Tam I W, Nuckolls C, Hybertsen M S and Steigerwald M L 2006 Nano Lett. 6 458
139. Hybertsen M S, Venkataraman L, Klare J E, Whalley A C, Steigerwald M L and Nuckolls C 2008 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 20 374115
140. Haiss W, Nichols R J, van Zalinge H, Higgins S J, Bethell D and Schiffrin D J 2004 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 6 4330
141. Haiss W, van Zalinge H, Bethell D, Ulstrup J, Schiffrin D J and Nichols R J 2006 Faraday Discuss. 131 253
142. Kockmann D, Poelsema B and Zandvliet H J W 2009 Nano Lett. 9 1147
143. Temirov R, Lassise A, Anders F B and Tautz F S 2008 Nanotechnology 19 065401
144. Lafferentz L, Ample F, Yu H, Hecht S, Joachim C and Grill L 2009 Science 323 1193
145. Park H, Lim A K L, Alivisatos A P, Park J and McEuen P L 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 301
146. Sorbello R 1997 Solid State Physics vol 51 (New York: Academic) pp159-231
147. van der Molen S J, Welling M S and Griessen R 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3882
148. van der Zant H S J, et al. 2006 Faraday Discuss. 131 347
149. Park H, Park J, Lim A K L, Anderson E H, Alivisatos A P and McEuen P L 2000 Nature 407 57
150. Liang W, Shores M P, Bockrath M, Long J R and Park H 2002 Nature 417 725
151. Park J, et al. 2002 Nature 417 722
152. Lambert M F, Goffman M F and Hesto J P B P 2003 Nanotechnology 14 772
153. Trouwborst M L, van der Molen S J and van Wees B J 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 114316
154. Wu Z M, Steinacher M, Huber R, Calame M, van der Molen S J and Schönenberger C 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 053118
155. Houck A A, Labaziewicz J, Chan E K, Folk J A and Chuang I L 2005 Nano Lett. 5 1685
156. Heersche H B, de Groot Z, Folk J A, Kouwenhoven L P, van der Zant H S J, Houck A A, Labaziewicz J and Chuang I L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 017205
157. Esen G and Fuhrer M S 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 263101
158. Strachan D R, Smith D E, Johnston D E, Park T-H, Therien M J, Bonnell D A and Johnson A T 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 043109
159. Taychatanapat T, Bolotin K I, Kuemmeth F and Ralph D C 2007 Nano Lett. 7 652
160. Morpurgo A F, Marcus C M and Robinson D B 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 2084
161. Kervennic Y-V, Thijssen J M, Vanmaekelbergh D, Dabirian R, Jenneskens L W, van Walree C A and van der Zant H S J 2006 Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 45 2540
162. Kubatkin S, Danilov A, Hjort M, Cornil J, Brédas J-L, Stuhr-Hansen N, Hedegrd P and Bjørnholm T 2003 Nature 425 698
163. Guo X, et al. 2006 Science 311 356
164. Whalley A C, Steigerwald M L, Guo X and Nuckolls C 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 12590
165. Long D P, Patterson C H, Moore M H, Seferos D S, Bazan G C and Kushmerick J G 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 153105
166. Andres R P, Bielefeld J D, Henderson J I, Janes D B, Kolagunta V R, Kubiak C P, Mahoney W J and Osifchin R G 1996 Science 273 1690
167. Dadosh T, Gordin Y, Krahne R, Khivrich I, Mahalu D, Frydman V, Sperling J, Yacoby A and Bar-Joseph I 2005 Nature 436 677
168. Bernard L, Calame M, van der Molen S J, Liao J and Schönenberger C 2007 Nanotechnology 18 235202
169. Hassenkam T, Moth-Poulsen K, Stuhr-Hansen N, Norgaard K, Kabir M S and Bjørnholm T 2004 Nano Lett. 4 19
170. Xu C, et al. 2006 Nanotechnology 17 3333
171. Liao J, Bernard L, Langer M, Schönenberger C and Calame M 2006 Adv. Mater. 18 2444
172. Bernard L, Kamdzhilov Y, Calame M, van der Molen S J, Liao J and Schönenberger C 2007 J. Phys. Chem. C 111 18445
173. Robinson D B, Funamura J R, Talin A A and Anderson R J 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 083119
174. Ikeda M, Tanifuji N, Yamaguchi H, Irie M and Matsuda K 2007 Chem. Commun. 1355-7
175. Matsuda K, Yamaguchi H, Sakano T, Ikeda M, Tanifuji N and Irie M 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 17005
176. Liao J, Mangold M A, Grunder S, Mayor M, Schönenberger C and Calame M 2008 New J. Phys. 10 065019
177. van der Molen S J, Liao J, Kudernac T, Agustsson J S, Bernard L, Calame M, van Wees B J, Feringa B L and Schönenberger C 2009 Nano Lett. 9 76
178. Brust M, Schiffrin D J, Bethell D and Kiely C J 1995 Adv. Mater. 7 795
179. Xia Y and Whitesides G M 1998 Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 37 550
180. Loo Y-L, Lang D V, Rogers J A and Hsu J W P 2003 Nano Lett. 3 913
181. Slowinski K, Chamberlain R V, Miller C J and Majda M 1997 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 119 11910
182. Rampi M A, Schueller O J A and Whitesides G M 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 1781
183. Haag R, Rampi M A, Holmlin R E and Whitesides G M 1999 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 121 7895
184. Tran E, Duati M, Ferri V, Müllen K, Zharnikov M, Whitesides G M and Rampi M A 2006 Adv. Mater. 18 1323
185. Kushmerick J G, Holt D B, Yang J C, Naciri J, Moore M H and Shashidhar R 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 086802
186. Kushmerick J G, Holt D B, Pollack S K, Ratner M A, Yang J C, Schull T L, Naciri J, Moore M H and Shashidhar R 2002 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 10654
187. Collier C P, Wong E W, Belohradsk M, Raymo F M, Stoddart J F, Kuekes P J, Williams R S and Heath J R 1999 Science 285 391
188. Luo Y, et al. 2002 ChemPhysChem 3 519
189. Green J E, et al. 2007 Nature 445 414
190. Akkerman H B, Blom P W M, de Leeuw D M and de Boer B 2006 Nature 441 69
191. Kronemeijer A J, Akkerman H B, Kudernac T, van Wees B J, Feringa B L, Blom P W M and de Boer B 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 1467
192. Milani F, Grave C, Ferri V, Samori P and Rampi M A 2007 ChemPhysChem 8 515
193. Eigler D M and Schweizer E K 1990 Nature 344 524
194. Stroscio J A and Eigler D M 1991 Science 254 1319
195. Moresco F, Meyer G, Rieder K-H, Tang H, Gourdon A and Joachim C 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 672
196. Chen J, Reed M A, Rawlett A M and Tour J M 1999 Science 286 1550
197. Lewis P A, Inman C E, Maya F, Tour J M, Hutchison J E and Weiss P S 2005 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 17421
198. Moore A M, Dameron A A, Mantooth B A, Smith R K, Fuchs D J, Ciszek J W, Maya F, Yao Y X, Tour J M and Weiss P S 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 1959
199. Moore A M, Mantooth B A, Donhauser Z J, Yao Y X, Tour J M and Weiss P S 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 10352
200. Hallback A-S, Poelsema B and Zandvliet H J W 2007 ChemPhysChem 8 661
201. Blum A S, Kushmerick J G, Long D P, Patterson C H, Yang J C, Henderson J C, Yao Y, Tour J M, Shashidhar R and Ratna B R 2005 Nat. Mater. 4 167
202. Quek S Y, Kamenetska M, Steigerwald M L, Choi H J, Louie S G, Hybertsen M S, Neaton J B and Venkataraman L 2009 Nat. Nanotechnol. 4 230
203. Trouwborst M L, Huisman E H, van der Molen S J and van Wees B J 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 081407
204. Halbritter A, Makk P, Csonka S and Mihaly G 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 075402
205. Danilov A V, Hedegrd P, Golubev D S, Bjørnholm T and Kubatkin S E. 2008 Nano Lett. 8 2393
206. Risse T, Shaikhutdinov S, Nilius N, Sterrer M and Freund H-J 2008 Acc. Chem. Res. 41 949
207. Seo K, Konchenko A V, Lee J, Bang G S and Lee H 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 2553
208. Gittins D I, Bethell D, Schiffrin D J and Nichols R J 2000 Nature 408 67
209. Xiao X Y, Nagahara L A, Rawlett A M and Tao N J 2005 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 9235
210. Xu B Q, Xiao X Y, Yang X M, Zang L and Tao N J 2005 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 2386
211. Haiss W, et al. 2007 J. Phys. Chem. B 111 6703
212. Albrecht T, Moth-Poulsen K, Christensen J B, Hjelm J, Bjørnholm T and Ulstrup J 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 6574
213. Leary E, Higgins S J, van Zalinge H, Haiss W, Nichols R J, Nygaard S, Jeppesen J O and Ulstrup J 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 12204
214. Li Z, Pobelov I, Han B, Wandlowski T, Blaszczyk A and Mayor M 2007 Nanotechnology 18 044018
215. Pobelov I V, Li Z and Wandlowski T 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 16045
216. Tsoi S, Griva I, Trammell S A, Blum A S, Schnur J M and Lebedev N 2008 ACS Nano 2 1289
217. van Dijk E H, Myles D J T, van der Veen M H and Hummelen J C 2006 Org. Lett. 8 2333
218. Liao J, et al. 2010 Cyclic conductance switching in networks of redox-active molecular junctions Nano. Lett. 10 759-64
219. Deng W-Q, Muller R P and Goddard W A 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 13562
220. Collier C P, Mattersteig G, Wong E W, Luo Y, Beverly K, Sampaio J, Raymo F M, Stoddart J F and Heath J R 2000 Science 289 1172
221. Collier C P, Jeppesen J O, Luo Y, Perkins J, Wong E W, Heath J R and Stoddart J F 2001 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123 12632
222. Diehl M R, Steuerman D W, Tseng H-R, Vignon S A, Star A, Celestre P C, Stoddart J F and Heath J R 2003 ChemPhysChem 4 1335
223. Chen Y, Ohlberg D A A, Li X, Stewart D R, Williams R S, Jeppesen J O, Nielsen K A, Stoddart J F, Olynick D L and Anderson E 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 1610
224. Service R F 2003 Science 302 556
225. See also the replies by Heath, Stoddart and Williams 2004 Science 303 1136
226. Lau C N, Stewart D R, Williams R S and Bockrath M 2004 Nano Lett. 4 569
227. Blackstock J J, Donley C L, Stickle W F, Ohlberg D A A, Yang J J, Stewart D R and Williams R S 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 4041
228. Flood A H, Stoddart J F, Steuerman D W and Heath J R 2004 Science 306 2055
229. Flood A H, Peters A J, Vignon S A, Steuerman D W, Tseng H R, Kang S, Heath J R and Stoddart J F 2004 Chem. Eur. J. 10 6558
230. Flood A H, Wong E W and Stoddart J F 2006 Chem. Phys. 324 280
231. Choi J, et al. 2006 Chem. Eur. J. 12 261
232. Katz E, Baron R, Willner I, Richke N and Levine R D 2005 ChemPhysChem 6 2179
233. DeIonno E, Tseng H-R, Harvey D D, Stoddart J F and Heath J R 2006 J. Phys. Chem. B 110 7609
234. Waldeck D 1991 Chem. Rev. 91 415
235. Browne W R, Kudernac T, Katsonis N, Areephong J, Hielm J and Feringa B L 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 1183
236. Kudernac T, Katsonis N, Browne W R and Feringa B L 2009 J. Mater. Chem. 19 7168
237. del Valle M, Gutiérrez R, Tejedor C and Cuniberti G 2007 Nat. Nanotechnol. 2 176
238. Wolf M and Tegeder P 2009 Surf. Sci. 603 1506
239. Benesch C, Rode M F, Cizek M, Haertle R, Rubio-Pons O, Thoss M and Sobolewski A L 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 10315
240. Zhao P, Fang C F, Wang Y M, Zhai Y X and Liu D S 2009 Physica E 41 474
241. Dri C, Peters M V, Schwarz J, Hecht S and Grill L 2008 Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 649
242. Kumar A S, Ye T, Takami T, Yu B-C, Flatt A K, Tour J M and Weiss P S 2008 Nano Lett. 8 1644
243. Zhao P, Wang P, Zhang Z, Fang C, Wang Y, Zhai Y and Liu D 2009 Solid State Commun. 149 928
244. Mativetsky J M, Pace G, Elbing M, Rampi M A, Mayor M and Samori P 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 9192
245. Ferri V, Elbing M, Pace G, Dickey M D, Zharnikov M, Samori P, Mayor M and Rampi M A 2008 Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 47 3407
246. Kelly T, De Silva H and Silva R 1999 Nature 401 150
247. Koumura N, Zijlstra R W J, van Delden R A, Harada N and Feringa B L 1999 Nature 401 152
248. Leigh D A, Wong J K Y, Dehez F and Zerbetto F 2003 Nature 424 174
249. Berna J, Leigh D A, Lubomska M, Mendoza S M, Perez E M, Rudolf P, Teobaldi G and Zerbetto F 2005 Nat. Mater. 4 704
250. Browne W R and Feringa B L 2006 Nat. Nanotechnol. 1 25
251. Geertsema E M, van der Molen S J, Martens M and Feringa B L 2009 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106 16919
252. Kudernac T, van der Molen S J, van Wees B J and Feringa B L 2006 Chem. Commun. 3597-9
253. Matsuda K and Irie M 2000 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 7195
254. Fraysse S, Coudret C and Launay J-P 2000 Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 1581
255. Irie M, Fukaminato T, Sasaki T, Tamai N and Kawai T 2002 Nature 420 759
256. Okabe C, Tanaka N, Fukaminato T, Kawai T, Irie M, Nibu Y, Shimada H, Goldberg A, Nakamura S and Sekiya H 2002 Chem. Phys. Lett. 357 113
257. Tsujioka T and Kondo H 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 937
258. Hania R, Pugzlys A, Kudernac T, Jonkman H and Duppen K 2005 Springer Ser. Chem. Phys. 79 679
259. Li J, Speyer G and Sankey O F 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 248302
260. Zhuang M and Ernzerhof M 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 073104
261. Kondo M, Tada T and Yoshizawa K 2005 Chem. Phys. Lett. 412 55
262. Perrier A, Maurel F and Aubard J 2007 J. Phys. Chem. A 111 9688
263. Sauer P and Allen R E 2007 Chem. Phys. Lett. 434 260
264. Staykov A, Nozaki D and Yoshizawa K 2007 J. Phys. Chem. C 111 3517
265. Huang Z F, Chen F, Bennett P A and Tao N J 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 13225
266. Zhuang M and Ernzerhof M 2009 J. Chem. Phys. 130 114704
267. Kudernac T, de Jong J J, van Esch J, Feringa B L, Dulić D, van der Molen S J and van Wees B J 2005 Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 430 205
268. Mayor M, Weber H, Reichert J, Elbing M, von Hänisch C, Beckmann D and Fischer M 2003 Angew. Chem. Int. Edn 42 5834
269. Rampi M A private communication
270. Gross L, Mohn F, Liljeroth P, Repp J, Giessibl F J and Meyer G 2009 Science 324 1428
271. Gross L, Mohn F, Moll N, Liljeroth P and Meyer G 2009 Science 325 1110
272. Osorio E A, Ruben M, Seldenthuis J S, Lehn J-M and van der Zant H S J 2010 Small 6 174