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A single CO molecule apparently decreases the local electronic density of states (LDOS) at the adsorption site at the Fermi level, which causes the feedback mechanism to move the STM tip closer to the surface in order to keep a constant tunnel current. In contrast, the dimer shows an increase in the LDOS between the two CO molecules.
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24
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2242434849
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The hopping rates were influenced by the presence of the tip (either slowed or sped up, depending on the tip position) even at low tunnel current (I ≈ 50 pA) and bias voltage between V = 5 mV and V = 50 mV. The size of the influence depends primarily on the tip height (rather than on I or V) when V is kept well below the 35-meV vibrational excitation.
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25
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The step in conductance is ∼20% at IVI = 35 mV and ∼ 15% at IVI = 4 mV for CO arranged in the √3 by √3 lattice, but only half as large for isolated CO molecules. We did not observe the 41-mV CO to Cu external stretch mode.
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2242493067
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note
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-1). The tunneling mass ratio is then determined with the rate for the other isotope.
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33
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2242462631
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note
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Tunneling and classical over-the-barrier processes both depend on the stiffness of the full many-dimensional potential energy surface in the coordinates perpendicular to the reaction path. This makes it difficult to determine the value, and even the sign, of isotope shifts; for example, modes that are stiffer in the barrier than in the initial state favor passage of heavier isotopes.
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2242454535
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note
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Chain polymerization initiated with an STM tip has been demonstrated at room temperature (44).
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45
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2242492187
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note
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We thank J. P. Sethna for useful discussions and preliminary analysis of these results and G. Northrop for his design of a three-input sorter implemented in CMOS 9S technology.
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