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Volumn 51, Issue C, 1998, Pages 159-231

Theory of Electromigration

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EID: 77956662474     PISSN: 00811947     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/S0081-1947(08)60191-5     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (147)

References (132)
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    • (1975) Diffusion in Solids , pp. 303
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  • 5
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    • R.S. Sorbello Materials Reliability Issues in Microelectronics ed. J.R. Lloyd, P.S. Ho, C.T. Sah, F. Yost MRS Symposia Proceedings 225, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA (1991), p. 3.
    • R.S. Sorbello Materials Reliability Issues in Microelectronics ed. J.R. Lloyd, P.S. Ho, C.T. Sah, F. Yost MRS Symposia Proceedings 225, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA (1991), p. 3.
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    • R.S. Sorbello Advanced Metallization for Future ULSI ed, K.N. Tu, J.W. Mayer, J.M. Poate, L.J. Chen MRS Symposia Proceedings 427, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA (1996).
    • R.S. Sorbello Advanced Metallization for Future ULSI ed, K.N. Tu, J.W. Mayer, J.M. Poate, L.J. Chen MRS Symposia Proceedings 427, Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA (1996).
  • 38
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    • In the usual display of the phenomenological equations, as in Refs. 1 and 35, a factor of 1/T, where T is the absolute temperature, would appear with each L-coefficient in Eqs, 1.1) and 1.2, Because we shall be dealing with systems at constant temperature, it is permissible to absorb the 1/T factors into our L-coefficients
    • In the usual display of the phenomenological equations, as in Refs. 1 and 35, a factor of 1/T, where T is the absolute temperature, would appear with each L-coefficient in Eqs. (1.1) and (1.2). Because we shall be dealing with systems at constant temperature, it is permissible to absorb the 1/T factors into our L-coefficients.
  • 48
    • 0000158714 scopus 로고
    • See also. Alefield G., and Völkl J. (Eds), Springer-Verlag, Berlin Hydrogen in Metals II
    • See also. Wipf H. In: Alefield G., and Völkl J. (Eds). Topics in Applied Physics 29 (1978), Springer-Verlag, Berlin 273 Hydrogen in Metals II
    • (1978) Topics in Applied Physics , vol.29 , pp. 273
    • Wipf, H.1
  • 52
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    • Lodding A., and Lagerwall T. (Eds), Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Tübingen, Germany
    • Frohberg G. In: Lodding A., and Lagerwall T. (Eds). Atomic Transport in Solids and Liquids (1971), Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, Tübingen, Germany 19
    • (1971) Atomic Transport in Solids and Liquids , pp. 19
    • Frohberg, G.1
  • 55
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    • Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University
    • R.S. Sorbello, Ph.D. thesis, Stanford University (1970).
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  • 71
    • 0003565309 scopus 로고
    • See, for example. Ehrenreich H., Seitz F., and Turnbull D. (Eds), Academic Press, New York
    • See, for example. In: Ehrenreich H., Seitz F., and Turnbull D. (Eds). Solid State Physics 24 (1970), Academic Press, New York
    • (1970) Solid State Physics , vol.24
  • 72
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    • We have chosen w(q, like vq, to be independent of normalization unlike the choice made in Refs.44: 51, and 65, where the atomic enters into the definition of the form factor
    • We have chosen w(q), like v(q), to be independent of normalization volume, unlike the choice made in Refs.44: 51, and 65, where the atomic volume enters into the definition of the form factor.
  • 85
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    • Phys. Rev. B 51 (1995) 6979
    • (1995) Phys. Rev. B , vol.51 , pp. 6979
  • 87
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    • 0 and n. This is possible only because background scattering (due to phonons) is present, so that a finite transport current can be established in response to a macroscopic field when only one impurity is present.
    • 0 and n. This is possible only because background scattering (due to phonons) is present, so that a finite transport current can be established in response to a macroscopic field when only one impurity is present.
  • 98
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    • unpublished result
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    • Sorbello, R.S.1
  • 111
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    • At higher temperatures, where lattice atoms perform significant vibrations about their equilibrium positions, it is permissible to use a Debye-Waller factor to specify their locations. This procedure, used by Lou et al, Ref. 39, provides a way of averaging over the positions of all atoms other than the migrating one
    • At higher temperatures, where lattice atoms perform significant vibrations about their equilibrium positions, it is permissible to use a Debye-Waller factor to specify their locations. This procedure, used by Lou et al. (Ref. 39), provides a way of averaging over the positions of all atoms other than the migrating one.
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    • 49: 2067(1994).
    • Lang N.D. Phys. Rev. B 45 (1992) 13599 49: 2067(1994).
    • (1992) Phys. Rev. B , vol.45 , pp. 13599
    • Lang, N.D.1


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