The chemical structure of a molecule resolved by atomic force microscopy

Science

Volumn 325, Issue 5944, 2009, Pages 1110-1114

  Gross, Leo ^a   Mohn, Fabian ^a   Moll, Nikolaj ^a   Liljeroth, Peter ^a,b   Meyer, Gerhard ^a  

^a IBM RESEARCH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARBON MONOXIDE;

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; ELECTRON DENSITY; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; EXPERIMENTAL STUDY; IMAGE RESOLUTION; IMAGING METHOD; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; PARTICLE MOTION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

AB INITIO CALCULATION; ARTICLE; ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL FORCE MICROSCOPY; CHEMICAL REACTION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTRICITY; ELECTRON MICROSCOPE; MOLECULE; OPTICAL RESOLUTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 69549111335     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: 10959203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1176210     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. T. Albrecht, P. Grütter, D. Horne, D. Rugar, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 668 (1991).
2. Y. Sugimoto et al., Nature 446, 64 (2007).
3. U. Kaiser, A. Schwarz, R. Wiesendanger, Nature 446, 522 (2007).
4. Y. Sugimoto et al., Nat. Mater. 4, 156 (2005).
5. Y. Sugimoto et al., Science 322, 413 (2008).
6. M. Ternes, C. P. Lutz, C. F. Hirjibehedin, F. J. Giessibl, A. J. Heinrich, Science 319, 1066 (2008).
7. M. Ashino, A. Schwarz, T. Behnke, R. Wiesendanger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 136101 (2004).
8. M. Ashino et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 3, 337 (2008).
9. Ch. Loppacher et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 066107 (2003).
10. J. Lagoute, K. Kanisawa, S. Fölsch, Phys. Rev. B 70, 245415 (2004).
11. J. Repp, G. Meyer, S. M. Stojkovic, A. Gourdon, C. Joachim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 026803 (2005).
12. J. Repp, G. Meyer, S. Paavilainen, F. E. Olsson, M. Persson, Science 312, 1196 (2006).
13. F. J. Giessibl, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 949 (2003).
14. F. J. Giessibl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 1470 (2000).
15. Mainly because of the uncertainty in the spring constant of the cantilever, a systematic error of 30% is estimated for the measured forces.
16. Materials and methods are available as supporting material on Science Online.
17. M. Heyde, M. Sterrer, H.-P. Rust, H.-J. Freund, Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 083104 (2005).
18. L. Bartels et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2004 (1998).
19. H. J. Lee, W. Ho, Science 286, 1719 (1999).
20. H. Hölscher, S. M. Langkat, A. Schwarz, R. Wiesendanger, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4428 (2002).
21. B. J. Albers et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 4, 307 (2009).
22. J. E. Sader, S. P. Jarvis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 1801 (2004).
23. P. Hohenberg, W. Kohn, Phys. Rev. 136, B864 (1964).
24. W. Kohn, L. J. Sham, Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 (1965).
25. CPMD, IBM Corporation and MPI für Festkörperforschung Stuttgart, www.cpmd.org/.
26. J. P. Perdew, K. Burke, M. Ernzerhof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996).
27. D. R. Hamann, Phys. Rev. B 40, 2980 (1989).
28. S. Grimme, J. Comput. Chem. 27, 1787 (2006).
29. The experimental and theoretical distance values z and d could be related to each other, for example, by comparing the position of the force minimum above a certain molecular site. However, the experimental z position of the force minimum varies significantly between measurements with different CO tips (in Fig. 3 the force minimum was already reached at z ≈ 1.2 A°, whereas in Fig. 4F it is not reached until z ≈ 0.4 A°). We attribute this to the fact that the tunneling current, and hence the tip height corresponding to the STM set point, strongly depends on the exact adsorption geometry of the CO molecule at the tip apex. Therefore, we abstain from giving an explicit relation between z and d.
30. We thank A. Curioni, J. Repp, and R. Allenspach for valuable discussions and comments and M. Heyde and F. J. Giessibl for fruitful discussions on instrumental issues. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Swiss National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) "Nanoscale Science" and from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 214954 (HERODOT). P.L. gratefully acknowledges funding by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Chemical Sciences, Vidi-grant 700.56.423).