Electron transport in molecular wire junctions

Science

Volumn 300, Issue 5624, 2003, Pages 1384-1389

  Nitzan, Abraham ^a   Ratner, Mark A ^b  

^a TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^b NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CURRENT VOLTAGE CHARACTERISTICS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTANCE; ELECTRIC CURRENTS; ELECTRODES;

MOLECULAR WIRE JUNCTIONS;

ELECTRON TRANSPORT PROPERTIES;

PHYSICS;

CONDUCTANCE; CONDUCTOR; ELECTRODE; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ELECTRONICS; ENERGY; GEOMETRY; MEASUREMENT; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; MOTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VIBRATION;

EID: 0038442872     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.1081572     Document Type: Review

References (65)

1. B. Mann, H. Kuhn, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 4398 (1971).
2. S. J. Tans et al., Nature, 386, 474 (1997).
3. M. C. Hersam, P. Guisinger, J. W. Lyding, Nanotechnology 11, 70 (2000).
4. W. J. Liang, M. P. Shores, M. Bockrath, J. R. Long, H. Park, Nature 417, 725 (2002).
5. J. Park et al., Nature 417, 722 (2002).
6. J. Tersoff, D. R. Hamman, Phys. Rev. B 5031, 805-813 (1985).
7. The common usage for HOMO and LUMO is over-simplified; the ionization and affinity levels are actually meant.
8. H. B. Weber et al., Chem. Phys. 281, 113 (2002).
9. H. B. Weber et al., in preparation.
10. C. Kergueris et al., Phys. Rev. B 59, 12505 (1999).
11. M. A. Reed, C. Zhou, C. J. Miller, T. P. Burgin, J. M. Tour, Science 278, 252 (1997).
12. X. D. Cui et al., Science 294, 571 (2001).
13. S. Hong et al., Superlat. Microstr. 28, 289 (2000).
14. J. G. Kushmerick et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 086802 (2002).
15. M. A. Rampi, G. M. Whitesides, Chem. Phys. 281, 373 (2002).
16. K. Slowinski, M. Majda J. Electroanal. Chem. 491, 139 (2000).
17. B. Xu, H. He, N. J. Tao. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 13568 (2002).
18. R. Landauer, IBM J. Res. Dev. 1, 223 (1957).
19. Z. Vager, R. Naaman, Chem. Phys. 281, 305 (2002).
20. S. Datta, Electronic Transport in Mesoscopic Systems (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1995).
21. Y. Alhassid, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 895 (2000).
22. C. Dekker, Phys. Today 52, 22 (1999)
23. M. Bixon, J. Jortner, Adv. Chem. Phys. 106, 35 (1999).
24. Y. Xue, S. Datta, M. A. Ratner, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 4292 (2001).
25. V. Mujica, M. Kemp, A. Roitberg, M. Ratner, J. Chem. Phys. 104, 7296 (1996).
26. L. E. Hall, J.R. Reimers, N. S. Hush, K. Silverbrook, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 1510 (2000).
27. A. W. Ghosh, F. Zahid, S. Datta, R. R. Birge, Chem. Phys. 281, 225 (2002).
28. J. Heurich, J. C. Cuevas, W. Wenzel, G. Schon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 256803 (2002).
29. M. Brandbyge, J. L. Mozos, P. Ordejon, J. Taylor, K. Stokbro, Phys. Rev. B 65, 165401 (2002).
30. B. Larade, J. Taylor, H. Mehrez, H. Guo, Phys. Rev. B 64, 075420 (2001).
31. A. Nitzan, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 52, 681 (2001).
32. A. Nitzan, M. Galperin, G. L. Ingold, H. Grabert, J. Chem. Phys., 117, 10837 (2002). In ordinary STM measurements, the large spatial gap between the tip and the surface requires that the voltage drop occurs there, so there is no lineup or voltage problem.
33. M. A. Reed et al., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 852, 133 (1998).
34. A. Nitzan, J. Jortner, J. Wilkie, A. L. Burin, M. A. Ratner, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 5661 (2000).
35. B. Giese, J. Amaudrut, A. K. Kohler, M. Spormann, S. Wessely, Nature 412, 318 (2001).
36. L. G. Caron, G. Perluzzo, G. Bader, L. Sanche, Phys. Rev. B 33, 3027 (1986).
37. A. L. Burin, Y. A. Berlin, M. A. Ratner, J. Phys. Chem. A 105, 2652 (2001).
38. H. Ness, S. A. Shevlin, A. J. Fisher, Phys. Rev. B 63, 125422 (2001).
39. B. N. J. Persson, A. Baratoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 339 (1987).
40. A. Nitzan, J. Phys. Chem. A 105, 2677 (2001).
41. A. Nitzan, Israel J. Chem., in press.
42. M. diVentra, S. Pantelides, N. Lang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 139902 (2002).
43. 60 molecular junction, since the molecule is so rigid. Exemplary calculations on this system by Seideman and coworkers (44) analyze the I-V characteristics, the transmission coefficient and the state densities. They compare very well with experiment, and the treatment is extended to describe inelastic scattering (44) from excitation of molecular vibrations.
44. S. Alavi, B. Larade, J. Taylor, H. Guo, T. Seideman, Chem. Phys. 281, 293 (2002).
45. W. D. Tian et al., J. Chem. Phys. 109, 2874 (1998).
46. However, experiments on alkanethiol junctions using different metals are most straightforwardly interpreted as hole-type super exchange (59) indicating that the metal Fermi energies are closer to the HOMO level.
47. M. DiVentra, S. T. Pantelides, N. D. Lang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 979 (2000).
48. C. K. Wang, Y. Fu, Y. Luo, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 5017 (2001).
49. J. M. Seminario, A. G. Zacarias, P. A. Derosa, J. Chem. Phys. 116, 1671 (2002).
50. E. G. Emberly, G. Kirczenow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 269701 (2001).
51. G. Cuniberti, F. Grossman, R. Guttierez, Adv. Solid State Phys. 42, 1 (2002).
52. But scanning probe measurements can be very precise. [B.C. Stipe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 78, 4410 (1997).]
53. C. Joachim, J. K. Gimzewski, A. Aviram, Nature 408, 541 (2000).
54. M. C. Hersam et al., personal communication.
55. A.O. Solak, L. R. Eichorst, W. J. Clark, R. L. McCreery, Anal. Chem. 75, 296 (2003).
56. S. N. Patitsas, G. P. Lopinski, O. Hul'ko, D. J. Moffatt, R. A. Wolkow, Surf. Sci. 457, L425 (2000).
57. J. Michl et al., unpublished data.
58. P. Kim, L. Shi, A. Majumdar, P. L. McEuen, Physica B 323, 67 (2002).
59. J. M. Beebe, V. B. Engelkes, L. L. Miller, C. D. Frisbie, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 11268 (2002).
60. A. Troisi, M. A. Ratner, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 14528 (2002).
61. R. E. Walkup, D. M. Newns, P. Avouris in Atomic and Nanometer Scale Modification of Materials: Fundamentals and Applications, P. Avouris, Ed. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Amsterdam, 1993), pp. 97-100.
62. R. S. Williams, P. J. Kuekes, J. Heath, U.S. Patent 6, 314, 019 (2001).
63. Special issue on Processes in Molecular Wires, P. Hänggi, M. Ratner, S. Yaliraki, Eds. Chem. Phys. 281, 111 (2002).
64. A. Aviram et al., Eds., Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 960 (2002).
65. M.R. thanks the NSF, Army Research Office, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Office of Naval Research, and Defense Advance Research Projects Agency. A.N. thanks the Israel Science Foundation, USA-Israel Binational Science Foundation, and the Volkswagen Foundation for support.