Cell and tissue engineering for liver disease

Science Translational Medicine

Volumn 6, Issue 245, 2014, Pages

  Bhatia, Sangeeta N ^a,b   Underhill, Gregory H ^c   Zaret, Kenneth S ^d   Fox, Ira J ^e  

^a HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

^c University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^e CHILDREN S HOSPITAL OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE 1; CYTOCHROME; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2; MACROGOL; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 4; POLYLACTIC ACID; PROTEIN CDC25B; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXM1B; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN;

BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER; BLOOD CLOTTING DISORDER; CAUSE OF DEATH; CELL COUNT; CELL ENGINEERING; CELL EXPANSION; CELL FUNCTION; CELL INTERACTION; CELL MATURATION; CELL POPULATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CELL THERAPY; CELL VIABILITY; CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; CRIGLER NAJJAR SYNDROME; EMBRYONIC STEM CELL; FATIGUE; GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE; HEMODIABSORPTION; HEMODIALYSIS; HEMOPERFUSION; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IN VITRO STUDY; JAUNDICE; LIVER; LIVER CELL; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER DEVELOPMENT; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER FAILURE; LIVER FUNCTION; LIVER REGENERATION; LIVER STRUCTURE; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; MICROTECHNOLOGY; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PHENOTYPE; PLASMAPHERESIS; PLASMODIUM; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; TISSUE ENGINEERING; UREA CYCLE DISORDER; VIRUS REPLICATION; ANIMAL; DISEASE MODEL; LIVER DISEASES; PATHOLOGY; PROCEDURES; TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH;

ANIMALS; CELL ENGINEERING; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HUMANS; LIVER; LIVER DISEASES; TISSUE ENGINEERING; TRANSLATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH;

EID: 84921301069     PISSN: 19466234     EISSN: 19466242     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005975     Document Type: Review

References (309)

1. R. E. Mann, R. G. Smart, R. Govoni, The epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol Res. Health 27, 209-219 (2003). (Pubitemid 40692071)
2. F. X. Bosch, J. Ribes, M. Díaz, R. Cléries, Primary liver cancer: Worldwide incidence and trends. Gastroenterology 127, S5-S16 (2004). (Pubitemid 39423365)
3. W. R. Kim, R. S. Brown Jr., N. A. Terrault, H. El-Serag, Burden of liver disease in the United States: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology 36, 227-242 (2002). (Pubitemid 34700782)
4. K. A. Brown, Liver transplantation. Curr. Opin. Gastroenterol. 21, 331-336 (2005). (Pubitemid 40586130)
5. R. Taub, Liver regeneration: From myth to mechanism. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 5, 836-847 (2004). (Pubitemid 39336277)
6. G. K. Michalopoulos, M. C. DeFrances, Liver regeneration. Science 276, 60-66 (1997).
7. T. I. Hassanein, R. R. Schade, I. S. Hepburn, Acute-on-chronic liver failure: Extracorporeal liver assist devices. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 17, 195-203 (2011).
8. S. Rademacher, M. Oppert, A. Jörres, Artificial extracorporeal liver support therapy in patients with severe liver failure. Expert Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5, 591-599 (2011).
9. J. Phua, K. H. Lee, Liver support devices. Curr. Opin. Crit. Care 14, 208-215 (2008). (Pubitemid 351498788)
10. A. Dhawan, J. Puppi, R. D. Hughes, R. R. Mitry, Human hepatocyte transplantation: Current experience and future challenges. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7, 288-298 (2010).
11. K. Si-Tayeb, F. K. Noto, M. Nagaoka, J. Li, M. A. Battle, C. Duris, P. E. North, S. Dalton, S. A. Duncan, Highly efficient generation of human hepatocyte-like cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Hepatology 51, 297-305 (2010).
12. G. J. Sullivan, D. C. Hay, I. H. Park, J. Fletcher, Z. Hannoun, C. M. Payne, D. Dalgetty, J. R. Black, J. A. Ross, K. Samuel, G. Wang, G. Q. Daley, J. H. Lee, G. M. Church, S. J. Forbes, J. P. Iredale, I. Wilmut, Generation of functional human hepatic endoderm from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Hepatology 51, 329-335 (2010).
13. H. Basma, A. Soto-Gutiérrez, G. R. Yannam, L. Liu, R. Ito, T. Yamamoto, E. Ellis, S. D. Carson, S. Sato, Y. Chen, D. Muirhead, N. Navarro-Alvarez, R. J. Wong, J. Roy-Chowdhury, J. L. Platt, D. F. Mercer, J. D. Miller, S. C. Strom, N. Kobayashi, I. J. Fox, Differentiation and transplantation of human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 136, 990-999 (2009).
14. Q. Ding, Y. K. Lee, E. A. Schaefer, D. T. Peters, A. Veres, K. Kim, N. Kuperwasser, D. L. Motola, T. B. Meissner, W. T. Hendriks, M. Trevisan, R. M. Gupta, A. Moisan, E. Banks, M. Friesen, R. T. Schinzel, F. Xia, A. Tang, Y. Xia, E. Figueroa, A. Wann, T. Ahfeldt, L. Daheron, F. Zhang, L. L. Rubin, L. F. Peng, R. T. Chung, K. Musunuru, C. A. Cowan, A TALEN genome-editing system for generating human stem cell-based disease models. Cell Stem Cell 12, 238-251 (2013).
15. S. P. S. Monga, in Molecular Pathology of Liver Diseases, vol. 5, Molecular Pathology Library, P. T. Cagle, Ed. (Springer, New York, ed. 1, 2011), pp. 7-25.
16. W. M. Lee, R. H. Squires Jr., S. L. Nyberg, E. Doo, J. H. Hoofnagle, Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology 47, 1401-1415 (2008). (Pubitemid 351547926)
17. R. Lozano, M. Naghavi, K. Foreman, S. Lim, K. Shibuya, V. Aboyans, J. Abraham, T. Adair, R. Aggarwal, S. Y. Ahn, M. Alvarado, H. R. Anderson, L. M. Anderson, K. G. Andrews, C. Atkinson, L. M. Baddour, S. Barker-Collo, D. H. Bartels, M. L. Bell, E. J. Benjamin, D. Bennett, K. Bhalla, B. Bikbov, A. Bin Abdulhak, G. Birbeck, F. Blyth, I. Bolliger, S. Boufous, C. Bucello, M. Burch, P. Burney, J. Carapetis, H. Chen, D. Chou, S. S. Chugh, L. E. Coffeng, S. D. Colan, S. Colquhoun, K. E. Colson, J. Condon, M. D. Connor, L. T. Cooper, M. Corriere, M. Cortinovis, K. C. de Vaccaro, W. Couser, B. C. Cowie, M. H. Criqui, M. Cross, K. C. Dabhadkar, N. Dahodwala, D. De Leo, L. Degenhardt, A. Delossantos, J. Denenberg, D. C. Des Jarlais, S. D. Dharmaratne, E. R. Dorsey, T. Driscoll, H. Duber, B. Ebel, P. J. Erwin, P. Espindola, M. Ezzati, V. Feigin, A. D. Flaxman, M. H. Forouzanfar, F. G. Fowkes, R. Franklin, M. Fransen, M. K. Freeman, S. E. Gabriel, E. Gakidou, F. Gaspari, R. F. Gillum, D. Gonzalez-Medina, Y. A. Halasa, D. Haring, J. E. Harrison, R. Havmoeller, R. J. Hay, B. Hoen, P. J. Hotez, D. Hoy, K. H. Jacobsen, S. L. James, R. Jasrasaria, S. Jayaraman, N. Johns, G. Karthikeyan, N. Kassebaum, A. Keren, J. P. Khoo, L. M. Knowlton, O. Kobusingye, A. Koranteng, R. Krishnamurthi, M. Lipnick, S. E. Lipshultz, S. L. Ohno, J. Mabweijano, M. F. MacIntyre, L. Mallinger, L. March, G. B. Marks, R. Marks, A. Matsumori, R. Matzopoulos, B. M. Mayosi, J. H. McAnulty, M. M. McDermott, J. McGrath, G. A. Mensah, T. R. Merriman, C. Michaud, M. Miller, T. R. Miller, C. Mock, A. O. Mocumbi, A. A. Mokdad, A. Moran, K. Mulholland, M. N. Nair, L. Naldi, K. M. Narayan, K. Nasseri, P. Norman, M. O'Donnell, S. B. Omer, K. Ortblad, R. Osborne, D. Ozgediz, B. Pahari, J. D. Pandian, A. P. Rivero, R. P. Padilla, F. Perez-Ruiz, N. Perico, D. Phillips, K. Pierce, C. A. Pope III, E. Porrini, F. Pourmalek, M. Raju, D. Ranganathan, J. T. Rehm, D. B. Rein, G. Remuzzi, F. P. Rivara, T. Roberts, F. R. De León, L. C. Rosenfeld, L. Rushton, R. L. Sacco, J. A. Salomon, U. Sampson, E. Sanman, D. C. Schwebel, M. Segui-Gomez, D. S. Shepard, D. Singh, J. Singleton, K. Sliwa, E. Smith, A. Steer, J. A. Taylor, B. Thomas, I. M. Tleyjeh, J. A. Towbin, T. Truelsen, E. A. Undurraga, N. Venketasubramanian, L. Vijayakumar, T. Vos, G. R. Wagner, M. Wang, W. Wang, K. Watt, M. A. Weinstock, R. Weintraub, J. D. Wilkinson, A. D. Woolf, S. Wulf, P. H. Yeh, P. Yip, A. Zabetian, Z. J. Zheng, A. D. Lopez, C. J. Murray, M. A. AlMazroa, Z. A. Memish, Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380, 2095-2128 (2012).
18. J. P. Iredale, Models of liver fibrosis: Exploring the dynamic nature of inflammation and repair in a solid organ. J. Clin. Invest. 117, 539-548 (2007). (Pubitemid 46348508)
19. M. N. Berry, D. S. Friend, High-yield preparation of isolated rat liver parenchymal cells: A biochemical and fine structural study. J. Cell Biol. 43, 506-520 (1969).
20. S. Gupta, P. Rajvanshi, C. D. Lee, Integration of transplanted hepatocytes into host liver plates demonstrated with dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient rats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92, 5860-5864 (1995).
21. S. Gupta, P. Rajvanshi, R. Sokhi, S. Slehria, A. Yam, A. Kerr, P. M. Novikoff, Entry and integration of transplanted hepatocytes in rat liver plates occur by disruption of hepatic sinusoidal endothelium. Hepatology 29, 509-519 (1999). (Pubitemid 29088456)
22. K. P. Ponder, S. Gupta, F. Leland, G. Darlington, M. Finegold, J. DeMayo, F. D. Ledley, J. R. Chowdhury, S. L. Woo, Mouse hepatocytes migrate to liver parenchyma and function indefinitely after intrasplenic transplantation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 88, 1217-1221 (1991). (Pubitemid 21916196)
23. S. C. Strom, J. R. Chowdhury, I. J. Fox, Hepatocyte transplantation for the treatment of human disease. Semin. Liver Dis. 19, 39-48 (1999). (Pubitemid 29220830)
24. C. M. Habibullah, I. H. Syed, A. Qamar, Z. Taher-Uz, Human fetal hepatocyte transplantation in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. Transplantation 58, 951-952 (1994). (Pubitemid 24333289)
25. K. Ohashi, J. M. Waugh, M. D. Dake, T. Yokoyama, H. Kuge, Y. Nakajima, M. Yamanouchi, H. Naka, A. Yoshioka, M. A. Kay, Liver tissue engineering at extrahepatic sites in mice as a potential new therapy for genetic liver diseases. Hepatology 41, 132-140 (2005). (Pubitemid 40066391)
26. J. Komori, L. Boone, A. DeWard, T. Hoppo, E. Lagasse, The mouse lymph node as an ectopic transplantation site for multiple tissues. Nat. Biotechnol. 30, 976-983 (2012).
27. E. L. LeCluyse, Human hepatocyte culture systems for the in vitro evaluation of cytochrome P450 expression and regulation. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 13, 343-368 (2001). (Pubitemid 32611595)
28. K. A. Soltys, A. Soto-Gutiérrez, M. Nagaya, K. M. Baskin, M. Deutsch, R. Ito, B. L. Shneider, R. Squires, J. Vockley, C. Guha, J. Roy-Chowdhury, S. C. Strom, J. L. Platt, I. J. Fox, Barriers to the successful treatment of liver disease by hepatocyte transplantation. J. Hepatol. 53, 769-774 (2010).
29. I. J. Fox, J. R. Chowdhury, S. S. Kaufman, T. C. Goertzen, N. R. Chowdhury, P. I. Warkentin, K. Dorko, B. V. Sauter, S. C. Strom, Treatment of the Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I with hepatocyte transplantation. N. Engl. J. Med. 338, 1422-1426 (1998). (Pubitemid 28221983)
30. J. Puppi, N. Tan, R. R. Mitry, R. D. Hughes, S. Lehec, G. Mieli-Vergani, J. Karani, M. P. Champion, N. Heaton, R. Mohamed, A. Dhawan, Hepatocyte transplantation followed by auxiliary liver transplantation-A novel treatment for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Am. J. Transplant. 8, 452-457 (2008).
31. A. Dhawan, R. R. Mitry, R. D. Hughes, S. Lehec, C. Terry, S. Bansal, R. Arya, J. J. Wade, A. Verma, N. D. Heaton, M. Rela, G. Mieli-Vergani, Hepatocyte transplantation for inherited factor VII deficiency. Transplantation 78, 1812-1814 (2004). (Pubitemid 40041650)
32. S. P. Horslen, T. C. McCowan, T. C. Goertzen, P. I. Warkentin, H. B. Cai, S. C. Strom, I. J. Fox, Isolated hepatocyte transplantation in an infant with a severe urea cycle disorder. Pediatrics 111, 1262-1267 (2003). (Pubitemid 36682258)
33. M. Mito, M. Kusano, Y. Kawaura, Hepatocyte transplantation in man. Transplant. Proc. 24, 3052-3053 (1992). (Pubitemid 23011826)
34. M. Muraca, G. Gerunda, D. Neri, M. T. Vilei, A. Granato, P. Feltracco, M. Meroni, G. Giron, A. B. Burlina, Hepatocyte transplantation as a treatment for glycogen storage disease type 1a. Lancet 359, 317-318 (2002). (Pubitemid 34119297)
35. E. M. Sokal, F. Smets, A. Bourgois, L. Van Maldergem, J. P. Buts, R. Reding, J. Bernard Otte, V. Evrard, D. Latinne, M. F. Vincent, A. Moser, H. E. Soriano, Hepatocyte transplantation in a 4-year-old girl with peroxisomal biogenesis disease: Technique, safety, and metabolic follow-up. Transplantation 76, 735-738 (2003). (Pubitemid 37072014)
36. K. Overturf, M. al-Dhalimy, C. N. Ou, M. Finegold, M. Grompe, Serial transplantation reveals the stem-cell-like regenerative potential of adult mouse hepatocytes. Am. J. Pathol. 151, 1273-1280 (1997). (Pubitemid 27479757)
37. C. H. Cho, F. Berthiaume, A. W. Tilles, M. L. Yarmush, A new technique for primary hepatocyte expansion in vitro. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 101, 345-356 (2008).
38. G. K. Michalopoulos, M. C. DeFrances, Liver regeneration. Science 276, 60-66 (1997).
39. C. J. Flaim, S. Chien, S. N. Bhatia, An extracellular matrix microarray for probing cellular differentiation. Nat. Methods 2, 119-125 (2005). (Pubitemid 41131033)
40. J. Shan, R. E. Schwartz, N. T. Ross, D. J. Logan, D. Thomas, S. A. Duncan, T. E. North, W. Goessling, A. E. Carpenter, S. N. Bhatia, Identification of small molecules for human hepatocyte expansion and iPS differentiation. Nat. Chem. Biol. 9, 514-520 (2013).
41. K. J. Riehle, Y. Y. Dan, J. S. Campbell, N. Fausto, New concepts in liver regeneration. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 26(Suppl. 1), 203-212 (2011).
42. S. Kurinna, M. C. Barton, Cascades of transcription regulation during liver regeneration. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 43, 189-197 (2011).
43. X. Wang, H. Kiyokawa, M. B. Dennewitz, R. H. Costa, The Forkhead Box m1b transcription factor is essential for hepatocyte DNA replication and mitosis during mouse liver regeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 99, 16881-16886 (2002). (Pubitemid 36034067)
44. K. G. Wirth, R. Ricci, J. F. Gimenez-Abian, S. Taghybeeglu, N. R. Kudo, W. Jochum, M. Vasseur-Cognet, K. Nasmyth, Loss of the anaphase-promoting complex in quiescent cells causes unscheduled hepatocyte proliferation. Genes Dev. 18, 88-98 (2004). (Pubitemid 38090690)
45. J. Dong, G. Feldmann, J. Huang, S. Wu, N. Zhang, S. A. Comerford, M. F. Gayyed, R. A. Anders, A. Maitra, D. Pan, Elucidation of a universal size-control mechanism in Drosophila and mammals. Cell 130, 1120-1133 (2007). (Pubitemid 47410268)
46. T. Wuestefeld, M. Pesic, R. Rudalska, D. Dauch, T. Longerich, T. W. Kang, T. Yevsa, F. Heinzmann, L. Hoenicke, A. Hohmeyer, A. Potapova, I. Rittelmeier, M. Jarek, R. Geffers, M. Scharfe, F. Klawonn, P. Schirmacher, N. P. Malek, M. Ott, A. Nordheim, A. Vogel, M. P. Manns, L. Zender, A direct in vivo RNAi screen identifies MKK4 as a key regulator of liver regeneration. Cell 153, 389-401 (2013).
47. B. Carpentier, A. Gautier, C. Legallais, Artificial and bioartificial liver devices: Present and future. Gut 58, 1690-1702 (2009).
48. J. Stange, W. Ramlow, S. Mitzner, R. Schmidt, H. Klinkmann, Dialysis against a recycled albumin solution enables the removal of albumin-bound toxins. Artif. Organs 17, 809-813 (1993). (Pubitemid 23288693)
49. K. Rifai, T. Ernst, U. Kretschmer, M. J. Bahr, A. Schneider, C. Hafer, H. Haller, M. P. Manns, D. Fliser, Prometheus-A new extracorporeal system for the treatment of liver failure. J. Hepatol. 39, 984-990 (2003). (Pubitemid 37523770)
50. B. Wolff, K. Machill, D. Schumacher, I. Schulzki, MARS dialysis in decompensated alcoholic liver disease: A single-center experience. Liver Transpl. 13, 1189-1192 (2007). (Pubitemid 47305038)
51. P. Evenepoel, W. Laleman, A. Wilmer, K. Claes, D. Kuypers, B. Bammens, F. Nevens, Y. Vanrenterghem, Prometheus versus molecular adsorbents recirculating system: Comparison of efficiency in two different liver detoxification devices. Artif. Organs 30, 276-284 (2006).
52. A. Skwarek, M. Grodzicki, P. Nyckowski, M. Kotulski, K. Zieniewicz, B. Michalowicz, W. Patkowski, I. Grzelak, A. Paczkowska, D. Giercuszkiewicz, J. Sanko-Resmer, L. Paczek, M. Krawczyk, The use Prometheus FPSA system in the treatment of acute liver failure: Preliminary results. Transplant. Proc. 38, 209-211 (2006).
53. J. Wauters, A. Wilmer, Albumin dialysis: Current practice and future options. Liver Int. 31(Suppl. 3), 9-12 (2011).
54. R. Bañares, F. Nevens, F. S. Larsen, R. Jalan, A. Albillos, M. Dollinger, F. Saliba, T. Sauerbruch, S. Klammt, J. Ockenga, A. Pares, J. Wendon, T. Brünnler, L. Kramer, P. Mathurin, M. de laMata, A. Gasbarrini, B. Müllhaupt, A. Wilmer, W. Laleman, M. Eefsen, S. Sen, A. Zipprich, T. Tenorio, M. Pavesi, H. H. Schmidt, S. Mitzner, R. Williams, V. Arroyo; RELIEF study group, Extracorporeal albumin dialysis with the molecular adsorbent recirculating system in acute-on-chronic liver failure: The RELIEF trial. Hepatology 57, 1153-1162 (2013).
55. A. Kribben, G. Gerken, S. Haag, S. Herget-Rosenthal, U. Treichel, C. Betz, C. Sarrazin, E. Hoste, H. Van Vlierberghe, A. Escorsell, C. Hafer, O. Schreiner, P. R. Galle, E. Mancini, P. Caraceni, C. J. Karvellas, H. Salmhofer, M. Knotek, P. Ginès, J. Kozik-Jaromin, K. Rifai; HELIOS Study Group, Effects of fractionated plasma separation and adsorption on survival in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. Gastroenterology 142, 782-789.e3 (2012).
56. K. N. Matsumura, G. R. Guevara, H. Huston, W. L. Hamilton, M. Rikimaru, G. Yamasaki, M. S. Matsumura, Hybrid bioartificial liver in hepatic failure: Preliminary clinical report. Surgery 101, 99-103 (1987). (Pubitemid 17218385)
57. J. M. Millis, D. C. Cronin, R. Johnson, H. Conjeevaram, C. Conlin, S. Trevino, P. Maguire, Initial experience with the modified extracorporeal liver-assist device for patients with fulminant hepatic failure: System modifications and clinical impact. Transplantation 74, 1735-1746 (2002). (Pubitemid 36019328)
58. M. P. van de Kerkhove, E. Di Florio, V. Scuderi, A. Mancini, A. Belli, A. Bracco, M. Dauri, G. Tisone, G. Di Nicuolo, P. Amoroso, A. Spadari, G. Lombardi, R. Hoekstra, F. Calise, R. A. Chamuleau, Phase I clinical trial with the AMC-bioartificial liver. Int. J. Artif. Organs 25, 950-959 (2002). (Pubitemid 35439221)
59. J. C. Gerlach, K. Mutig, I. M. Sauer, P. Schrade, E. Efimova, T. Mieder, G. Naumann, A. Grunwald, G. Pless, A. Mas, S. Bachmann, P. Neuhaus, K. Zeilinger, Use of primary human liver cells originating from discarded grafts in a bioreactor for liver support therapy and the prospects of culturing adult liver stem cells in bioreactors: A morphologic study. Transplantation 76, 781-786 (2003). (Pubitemid 37140219)
60. A. A. Demetriou, R. S. Brown Jr., R. W. Busuttil, J. Fair, B. M. McGuire, P. Rosenthal, J. S. Am Esch, J. Lerut II, S. L. Nyberg, M. Salizzoni, E. A. Fagan, B. de Hemptinne, C. E. Broelsch, M. Muraca, J. M. Salmeron, J. M. Rabkin, H. J. Metselaar, D. Pratt, M. De La Mata, L. P. McChesney, G. T. Everson, P. T. Lavin, A. C. Stevens, Z. Pitkin, B. A. Solomon, Prospective, randomized, multicenter, controlled trial of a bioartificial liver in treating acute liver failure. Ann. Surg. 239, 660-667; discussion 667-670 (2004).
61. S. L. Nyberg, R. P. Remmel, H. J. Mann, M. V. Peshwa, W. S. Hu, F. B. Cerra, Primary hepatocytes outperform Hep G2 cells as the source of biotransformation functions in a bioartificial liver. Ann. Surg. 220, 59-67 (1994). (Pubitemid 24205848)
62. U. Baccarani, A. Donini, A. Sanna, A. Risaliti, A. Cariani, B. Nardo, A. Cavallari, G. Martinelli, L. Ridolfi, G. Bellini, M. Scalamogna, F. Bresadola, First report of cryopreserved human hepatocytes based bioartificial liver successfully used as a bridge to liver transplantation. Am. J. Transplant. 4, 286-289 (2004). (Pubitemid 38248536)
63. A. Soto-Gutiérrez, N. Kobayashi, J. D. Rivas-Carrillo, N. Navarro-Alvarez, D. Zhao, T. Okitsu, H. Noguchi, H. Basma, Y. Tabata, Y. Chen, K. Tanaka, M. Narushima, A. Miki, T. Ueda, H. S. Jun, J. W. Yoon, J. Lebkowski, N. Tanaka, I. J. Fox, Reversal of mouse hepatic failure using an implanted liver-assist device containing ES cell-derived hepatocytes. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 1412-1419 (2006). (Pubitemid 44722105)
64. E. Katenz, F. W. Vondran, R. Schwartlander, G. Pless, X. Gong, X. Cheng, P. Neuhaus, I. M. Sauer, Cryopreservation of primary human hepatocytes: The benefit of trehalose as an additional cryoprotective agent. Liver Transpl. 13, 38-45 (2007). (Pubitemid 46099972)
65. P. P. Poyck, R. Hoekstra, A. C. van Wijk, C. Attanasio, F. Calise, R. A. Chamuleau, T. M. van Gulik, Functional and morphological comparison of three primary liver cell types cultured in the AMC bioartificial liver. Liver Transpl. 13, 589-598 (2007). (Pubitemid 46605863)
66. J. K. Park, D. H. Lee, Bioartificial liver systems: Current status and future perspective. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 99, 311-319 (2005).
67. J. Rozga, M. D. Holzman, M. S. Ro, D. W. Griffin, D. F. Neuzil, T. Giorgio, A. D. Moscioni, A. A. Demetriou, Development of a hybrid bioartificial liver. Ann. Surg. 217, 502-509; discussion 509-511 (1993).
68. M. P. van de Kerkhove, R. Hoekstra, R. A. Chamuleau, T. M. van Gulik, Clinical application of bioartificial liver support systems. Ann. Surg. 240, 216-230 (2004). (Pubitemid 38963011)
69. S. M. Coward, C. Legallais, B. David, M. Thomas, Y. Foo, D. Mavri-Damelin, H. J. Hodgson, C. Selden, Alginate-encapsulated HepG2 cells in a fluidized bed bioreactor maintain function in human liver failure plasma. Artif. Organs 33, 1117-1126 (2009).
70. T. M. Rahman, C. Selden, M. Khalil, I. Diakanov, H. J. Hodgson, Alginate-encapsulated human hepatoblastoma cells in an extracorporeal perfusion system improve some systemic parameters of liver failure in a xenogeneic model. Artif. Organs 28, 476-482 (2004). (Pubitemid 38680161)
71. I. M. Sauer, P. Neuhaus, J. C. Gerlach, Concept for modular extracorporeal liver support for the treatment of acute hepatic failure. Metab. Brain Dis. 17, 477-484 (2002). (Pubitemid 36204776)
72. J. Washizu, F. Berthiaume, C. Chan, R. G. Tompkins, M. Toner, M. L. Yarmush, Optimization of rat hepatocyte culture in citrated human plasma. J. Surg. Res. 93, 237-246 (2000).
73. C. Chan, F. Berthiaume, K. Lee, M. L. Yarmush, Metabolic flux analysis of hepatocyte function in hormone- and amino acid-supplemented plasma. Metab. Eng. 5, 1-15 (2003). (Pubitemid 36599676)
74. Y. Wang, T. Susando, X. Lei, C. Anene-Nzelu, H. Zhou, L. H. Liang, H. Yu, Current development of bioreactors for extracorporeal bioartificial liver (Review). Biointerphases 5, FA116-FA131 (2010).
75. J. Park, F. Berthiaume, M. Toner, M. L. Yarmush, A. W. Tilles, Microfabricated grooved substrates as platforms for bioartificial liver reactors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 90, 632-644 (2005). (Pubitemid 40733992)
76. A. W. Tilles, H. Baskaran, P. Roy, M. L. Yarmush, M. Toner, Effects of oxygenation and flow on the viability and function of rat hepatocytes cocultured in a microchannel flat-plate bioreactor. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 73, 379-389 (2001). (Pubitemid 32493234)
77. A. Guillouzo, Liver cell models in in vitro toxicology. Environ. Health Perspect. 106(Suppl. 2), 511-532 (1998). (Pubitemid 28256760)
78. B. A. Laishes, G. M. Williams, Conditions affecting primary cell cultures of functional adult rat hepatocytes. II. Dexamethasone enhanced longevity and maintenance of morphology. In Vitro 12, 821-832 (1976). (Pubitemid 8097772)
79. H. C. Isom, T. Secott, I. Georgoff, C. Woodworth, J. Mummaw, Maintenance of differentiated rat hepatocytes in primary culture. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 82, 3252-3256 (1985). (Pubitemid 15033161)
80. M. Miyazaki, Y. Handa, M. Oda, T. Yabe, K. Miyano, J. Sato, Long-term survival of functional hepatocytes from adult rat in the presence of phenobarbital in primary culture. Exp. Cell Res. 159, 176-190 (1985). (Pubitemid 16247564)
81. J. C. Dunn, R. G. Tompkins, M. L. Yarmush, Hepatocytes in collagen sandwich: Evidence for transcriptional and translational regulation. J. Cell Biol. 116, 1043-1053 (1992).
82. L. Richert, D. Binda, G. Hamilton, C. Viollon-Abadie, E. Alexandre, D. Bigot-Lasserre, R. Bars, P. Coassolo, E. LeCluyse, Evaluation of the effect of culture configuration on morphology, survival time, antioxidant status and metabolic capacities of cultured rat hepatocytes. Toxicol. In Vitro 16, 89-99 (2002). (Pubitemid 34112641)
83. S. R. Khetani, C. Kanchagar, O. Ukairo, S. Krzyzewski, A. Moore, J. Shi, S. Aoyama, M. Aleo, Y. Will, Use of micropatterned cocultures to detect compounds that cause drug induced liver injury in humans. Toxicol. Sci. 132, 107-117 (2013).
84. P. Lin, W. C. Chan, S. F. Badylak, S. N. Bhatia, Assessing porcine liver-derived biomatrix for hepatic tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. 10, 1046-1053 (2004). (Pubitemid 39223784)
85. T. L. Sellaro, A. Ranade, D. M. Faulk, G. P. McCabe, K. Dorko, S. F. Badylak, S. C. Strom, Maintenance of human hepatocyte function in vitro by liver-derived extracellular matrix gels. Tissue Eng. Part A 16, 1075-1082 (2010).
86. N. E. Reticker-Flynn, D. F. Malta, M. M. Winslow, J. M. Lamar, M. J. Xu, G. H. Underhill, R. O. Hynes, T. E. Jacks, S. N. Bhatia, A combinatorial extracellular matrix platform identifies cell-extracellular matrix interactions that correlate with metastasis. Nat. Commun. 3, 1122 (2012).
87. A. A. Chen, S. R. Khetani, S. Lee, S. N. Bhatia, K. J. Van Vliet, Modulation of hepatocyte phenotype in vitro via chemomechanical tuning of polyelectrolyte multilayers. Biomaterials 30, 1113-1120 (2009).
88. A. V. Janorkar, P. Rajagopalan, M. L. Yarmush, Z. Megeed, The use of elastin-like polypeptide-polyelectrolyte complexes to control hepatocyte morphology and function in vitro. Biomaterials 29, 625-632 (2008). (Pubitemid 350181038)
89. D. C. Hay, S. Pernagallo, J. J. Diaz-Mochon, C. N. Medine, S. Greenhough, Z. Hannoun, J. Schrader, J. R. Black, J. Fletcher, D. Dalgetty, A. I. Thompson, P. N. Newsome, S. J. Forbes, J. A. Ross, M. Bradley, J. P. Iredale, Unbiased screening of polymer libraries to define novel substrates for functional hepatocytes with inducible drug metabolism. Stem Cell Res. 6, 92-102 (2011).
90. F. J. Wu, J. R. Friend, R. P. Remmel, F. B. Cerra, W. S. Hu, Enhanced cytochrome P450 IA1 activity of self-assembled rat hepatocyte spheroids. Cell Transplant. 8, 233-246 (1999). (Pubitemid 29350219)
91. N. Koide, K. Sakaguchi, Y. Koide, K. Asano, M. Kawaguchi, H. Matsushima, T. Takenami, T. Shinji, M. Mori, T. Tsuji, Formation of multicellular spheroids composed of adult rat hepatocytes in dishes with positively charged surfaces and under other nonadherent environments. Exp. Cell Res. 186, 227-235 (1990).
92. C. Yuasa, Y. Tomita, M. Shono, K. Ishimura, A. Ichihara, Importance of cell aggregation for expression of liver functions and regeneration demonstrated with primary cultured hepatocytes. J. Cell. Physiol. 156, 522-530 (1993). (Pubitemid 23269869)
93. R. Kojima, K. Yoshimoto, E. Takahashi, M. Ichino, H. Miyoshi, Y. Nagasaki, Spheroid array of fetal mouse liver cells constructed on a PEG-gel micropatterned surface: Upregulation of hepatic functions by co-culture with nonparenchymal liver cells. Lab Chip 9, 1991-1993 (2009).
94. C. M. Brophy, J. L. Luebke-Wheeler, B. P. Amiot, H. Khan, R. P. Remmel, P. Rinaldo, S. L. Nyberg, Rat hepatocyte spheroids formed by rocked technique maintain differentiated hepatocyte gene expression and function. Hepatology 49, 578-586 (2009).
95. M. Drewitz, M. Helbling, N. Fried, M. Bieri, W. Moritz, J. Lichtenberg, J. M. Kelm, Towards automated production and drug sensitivity testing using scaffold-free spherical tumor microtissues. Biotechnol. J. 6, 1488-1496 (2011).
96. C. Guguen-Guillouzo, B. Clément, G. Baffet, C. Beaumont, E. Morelchany, D. Glaise, A. Guillouzo, Maintenance and reversibility of active albumin secretion by adult-rat hepatocytes co-cultured with another liver epithelial-cell type. Exp. Cell Res. 143, 47-54 (1983). (Pubitemid 13145162)
97. S. N. Bhatia, U. J. Balis, M. L. Yarmush, M. Toner, Effect of cell-cell interactions in preservation of cellular phenotype: Cocultivation of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. FASEB J. 13, 1883-1900 (1999). (Pubitemid 29517619)
98. J. M. Fraslin, B. Kneip, S. Vaulont, D. Glaise, A. Munnich, C. Guguen-Guillouzo, Dependence of hepatocyte-specific gene expression on cell-cell interactions in primary culture. EMBO J. 4, 2487-2491 (1985).
99. Y. Vandenberghe, L. Tee, V. Rogiers, G. Yeoh, Transcriptional- and post-transcriptionaldependent regulation of glutathione S-transferase expression in rat hepatocytes as a function of culture conditions. FEBS Lett. 313, 155-159 (1992).
100. M. Akrawi, V. Rogiers, Y. Vandenberghe, C. N. Palmer, A. Vercruysse, E. A. Shephard, I. R. Phillips, Maintenance and induction in co-cultured rat hepatocytes of components of the cytochrome P450-mediated mono-oxygenase. Biochem. Pharmacol. 45, 1583-1591 (1993). (Pubitemid 23130303)
101. N. Milosevic, H. Schawalder, P. Maier, Kupffer cell-mediated differential down-regulation of cytochrome P450 metabolism in rat hepatocytes. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 368, 75-87 (1999). (Pubitemid 29106417)
102. K. H. Hoebe, R. F. Witkamp, J. Fink-Gremmels, A. S. Van Miert, M. Monshouwer, Direct celltocell contact between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes augments endotoxin-induced hepatic injury. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 280, G720-G728 (2001).
103. O. Morin, C. Normand, Long-term maintenance of hepatocyte functional activity in coculture: Requirements for sinusoidal endothelial cells and dexamethasone. J. Cell. Physiol. 129, 103-110 (1986). (Pubitemid 17178532)
104. P. Krause, P. M. Markus, P. Schwartz, K. Unthan-Fechner, S. Pestel, J. Fandrey, I. Probst, Hepatocyte-supported serum-free culture of rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. J. Hepatol. 32, 718-726 (2000). (Pubitemid 30262730)
105. Y. Nahmias, M. Casali, L. Barbe, F. Berthiaume, M. L. Yarmush, Liver endothelial cells promote LDL-R expression and the uptake of HCV-like particles in primary rat and human hepatocytes. Hepatology 43, 257-265 (2006).
106. A. J. Hwa, R. C. Fry, A. Sivaraman, P. T. So, L. D. Samson, D. B. Stolz, L. G. Griffith, Rat liver sinusoidal endothelial cells survive without exogenous VEGF in 3D perfused co-cultures with hepatocytes. FASEB J. 21, 2564-2579 (2007). (Pubitemid 47230685)
107. S. March, E. E. Hui, G. H. Underhill, S. Khetani, S. N. Bhatia, Microenvironmental regulation of the sinusoidal endothelial cell phenotype in vitro. Hepatology 50, 920-928 (2009).
108. Y. Kim, P. Rajagopalan, 3D hepatic cultures simultaneously maintain primary hepatocyte and liver sinusoidal endothelial cell phenotypes. PLOS One 5, e15456 (2010).
109. F. Goulet, C. Normand, O. Morin, Cellular interactions promote tissue-specific function, biomatrix deposition and junctional communication of primary cultured hepatocytes. Hepatology 8, 1010-1018 (1988).
110. A. Corlu, B. Kneip, C. Lhadi, G. Leray, D. Glaise, G. Baffet, D. Bourel, C. Guguen-Guillouzo, A plasma membrane protein is involved in cell contact-mediated regulation of tissue-specific genes in adult hepatocytes. J. Cell Biol. 115, 505-515 (1991). (Pubitemid 21926044)
111. M. Rojkind, P. M. Novikoff, P. Greenwel, J. Rubin, L. Rojas-Valencia, A. C. de Carvalho, R. Stockert, D. Spray, E. L. Hertzberg, A. W. Wolkoff, Characterization and functional studies on rat liver fat-storing cell line and freshly isolated hepatocyte coculture system. Am. J. Pathol. 146, 1508-1520 (1995).
112. G. A. Hamilton, S. L. Jolley, D. Gilbert, D. J. Coon, S. Barros, E. L. LeCluyse, Regulation of cell morphology and cytochrome P450 expression in human hepatocytes by extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. Cell Tissue Res. 306, 85-99 (2001). (Pubitemid 32905601)
113. T. A. Brieva, P. V. Moghe, Functional engineering of hepatocytes via heterocellular presentation of a homoadhesive molecule, E-cadherin. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 76, 295-302 (2001). (Pubitemid 34015018)
114. S. M. Chia, P. C. Lin, H. Yu, TGF-b1 regulation in hepatocyte-NIH3T3 co-culture is important for the enhanced hepatocyte function in 3D microenvironment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 89, 565-573 (2005). (Pubitemid 40444811)
115. S. R. Khetani, A. A. Chen, B. Ranscht, S. N. Bhatia, T-cadherin modulates hepatocyte functions in vitro. FASEB J. 22, 3768-3775 (2008).
116. D. T. Odom, R. D. Dowell, E. S. Jacobsen, L. Nekludova, P. A. Rolfe, T. W. Danford, D. K. Gifford, E. Fraenkel, G. I. Bell, R. A. Young, Core transcriptional regulatory circuitry in human hepatocytes. Mol. Syst. Biol. 2, 2006-0017 (2006).
117. C. Dorrell, L. Erker, J. Schug, J. L. Kopp, P. S. Canaday, A. J. Fox, O. Smirnova, A. W. Duncan, M. J. Finegold, M. Sander, K. H. Kaestner, M. Grompe, Prospective isolation of a bipotential clonogenic liver progenitor cell in adult mice. Genes Dev. 25, 1193-1203 (2011).
118. S. Shin, G. Walton, R. Aoki, K. Brondell, J. Schug, A. Fox, O. Smirnova, C. Dorrell, L. Erker, A. S. Chu, R. G. Wells, M. Grompe, L. E. Greenbaum, K. H. Kaestner, Foxl1-Cre-marked adult hepatic progenitors have clonogenic and bilineage differentiation potential. Genes Dev. 25, 1185-1192 (2011).
119. V. Cardinale, Y. Wang, G. Carpino, G. Mendel, G. Alpini, E. Gaudio, L. M. Reid, D. Alvaro, The biliary tree-A reservoir of multipotent stem cells. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 9, 231-240 (2012).
120. M. Huch, C. Dorrell, S. F. Boj, J. H. van Es, V. S. Li, M. van de Wetering, T. Sato, K. Hamer, N. Sasaki, M. J. Finegold, A. Haft, R. G. Vries, M. Grompe, H. Clevers, In vitro expansion of single Lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by Wnt-driven regeneration. Nature 494, 247-250 (2013).
121. A. Suzuki, Y. Zheng, R. Kondo, M. Kusakabe, Y. Takada, K. Fukao, H. Nakauchi, H. Taniguchi, Flow-cytometric separation and enrichment of hepatic progenitor cells in the developing mouse liver. Hepatology 32, 1230-1239 (2000).
122. A. M. Diehl, J. Chute, Underlying potential: Cellular and molecular determinants of adult liver repair. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 1858-1860 (2013).
123. R. P. Meier, Y. D. Müller, P. Morel, C. Gonelle-Gispert, L. H. Bühler, Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of liver diseases, is there enough evidence? Stem Cell Res. 11, 1348-1364 (2013).
124. C. E. Murry, G. Keller, Differentiation of embryonic stem cells to clinically relevant populations: Lessons from embryonic development. Cell 132, 661-680 (2008). (Pubitemid 351260059)
125. L. Rambhatla, C. P. Chiu, P. Kundu, Y. Peng, M. K. Carpenter, Generation of hepatocyte-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Transplant. 12, 1-11 (2003). (Pubitemid 36397310)
126. K. S. Zaret, Genetic programming of liver and pancreas progenitors: Lessons for stem-cell differentiation. Nat. Rev. Genet. 9, 329-340 (2008). (Pubitemid 351556060)
127. V. Gouon-Evans, L. Boussemart, P. Gadue, D. Nierhoff, C. I. Koehler, A. Kubo, D. A. Shafritz, G. Keller, BMP-4 is required for hepatic specification of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived definitive endoderm. Nat. Biotechnol. 24, 1402-1411 (2006). (Pubitemid 44722104)
128. S. Agarwal, K. L. Holton, R. Lanza, Efficient differentiation of functional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 26, 1117-1127 (2008).
129. J. Cai, Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, F. Ye, Z. Song, H. Qin, S. Meng, Y. Chen, R. Zhou, X. Song, Y. Guo, M. Ding, H. Deng, Directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into functional hepatic cells. Hepatology 45, 1229-1239 (2007). (Pubitemid 46775786)
130. D. C. Hay, D. Zhao, A. Ross, R. Mandalam, J. Lebkowski, W. Cui, Direct differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to hepatocyte-like cells exhibiting functional activities. Cloning Stem Cells 9, 51-62 (2007). (Pubitemid 46642071)
131. N. Lavon, O. Yanuka, N. Benvenisty, Differentiation and isolation of hepatic-like cells from human embryonic stem cells. Differentiation 72, 230-238 (2004). (Pubitemid 41702132)
132. Z. Song, J. Cai, Y. Liu, D. Zhao, J. Yong, S. Duo, X. Song, Y. Guo, Y. Zhao, H. Qin, X. Yin, C. Wu, J. Che, S. Lu, M. Ding, H. Deng, Efficient generation of hepatocyte-like cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Res. 19, 1233-1242 (2009).
133. T. Touboul, N. R. Hannan, S. Corbineau, A. Martinez, C. Martinet, S. Branchereau, S. Mainot, H. Strick-Marchand, R. Pedersen, J. Di Santo, A. Weber, L. Vallier, Generation of functional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells under chemically defined conditions that recapitulate liver development. Hepatology 51, 1754-1765 (2010).
134. M. Vosough, E. Omidinia, M. Kadivar, M. A. Shokrgozar, B. Pournasr, N. Aghdami, H. Baharvand, Generation of functional hepatocyte-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells in a scalable suspension culture. Stem Cells Dev. 22, 2693-2705 (2013).
135. X. Ma, Y. Duan, B. Tschudy-Seney, G. Roll, I. S. Behbahan, T. P. Ahuja, V. Tolstikov, C. Wang, J. McGee, S. Khoobyari, J. A. Nolta, H. Willenbring, M. A. Zern, Highly efficient differentiation of functional hepatocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 2, 409-419 (2013).
136. R. E. Schwartz, H. E. Fleming, S. R. Khetani, S. N. Bhatia, Pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Biotechnol. Adv. 32, 504-513 (2014).
137. J. Heo, V. M. Factor, T. Uren, Y. Takahama, J. S. Lee, M. Major, S. M. Feinstone, S. S. Thorgeirsson, Hepatic precursors derived from murine embryonic stem cells contribute to regeneration of injured liver. Hepatology 44, 1478-1486 (2006). (Pubitemid 44953653)
138. F. Li, P. Liu, C. Liu, D. Xiang, L. Deng, W. Li, K. Wangensteen, J. Song, Y. Ma, L. Hui, L. Wei, L. Li, X. Ding, Y. Hu, Z. He, X. Wang, Hepatoblast-like progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells can repopulate livers of mice. Gastroenterology 139, 2158-2169.e8 (2010).
139. H. Liu, Y. Kim, S. Sharkis, L. Marchionni, Y. Y. Jang, In vivo liver regeneration potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells from diverse origins. Sci. Transl. Med. 3, 82ra39 (2011).
140. T. Takebe, K. Sekine, M. Enomura, H. Koike, M. Kimura, T. Ogaeri, R. R. Zhang, Y. Ueno, Y. W. Zheng, N. Koike, S. Aoyama, Y. Adachi, H. Taniguchi, Vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant. Nature 499, 481-484 (2013).
141. P. Huang, Z. He, S. Ji, H. Sun, D. Xiang, C. Liu, Y. Hu, X. Wang, L. Hui, Induction of functional hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts by defined factors. Nature 475, 386-389 (2011).
142. S. Sekiya, A. Suzuki, Direct conversion of mouse fibroblasts to hepatocyte-like cells by defined factors. Nature 475, 390-393 (2011).
143. S. Zhu, M. Rezvani, J. Harbell, A. N. Mattis, A. R. Wolfe, L. Z. Benet, H. Willenbring, S. Ding, Mouse liver repopulation with hepatocytes generated from human fibroblasts. Nature 508, 93-97 (2014).
144. P. Huang, L. Zhang, Y. Gao, Z. He, D. Yao, Z. Wu, J. Cen, X. Chen, C. Liu, Y. Hu, D. Lai, Z. Hu, L. Chen, Y. Zhang, X. Cheng, X. Ma, G. Pan, X. Wang, L. Hui, Direct reprogramming of human fibroblasts to functional and expandable hepatocytes. Cell Stem Cell 14, 370-384 (2014).
145. Y. Du, J. Wang, J. Jia, N. Song, C. Xiang, J. Xu, Z. Hou, X. Su, B. Liu, T. Jiang, D. Zhao, Y. Sun, J. Shu, Q. Guo, M. Yin, D. Sun, S. Lu, Y. Shi, H. Deng, Human hepatocytes with drug metabolic function induced from fibroblasts by lineage reprogramming. Cell Stem Cell 14, 394-403 (2014).
146. M. Katoh, T. Yokoi, Application of chimeric mice with humanized liver for predictive ADME. Drug Metabol. Rev. 39, 145-157 (2007).
147. N. Legrand, A. Ploss, R. Balling, P. D. Becker, C. Borsotti, N. Brezillon, J. Debarry, Y. de Jong, H. Deng, J. P. Di Santo, S. Eisenbarth, E. Eynon, R. A. Flavell, C. A. Guzman, N. D. Huntington, D. Kremsdorf, M. P. Manns, M. G. Manz, J. J. Mention, M. Ott, C. Rathinam, C. M. Rice, A. Rongvaux, S. Stevens, H. Spits, H. Strick-Marchand, H. Takizawa, A. U. van Lent, C. Wang, K. Weijer, T. Willinger, P. Ziegler, Humanized mice for modeling human infectious disease: Challenges, progress, and outlook. Cell Host Microbe 6, 5-9 (2009).
148. M. Dorner, A. Ploss, Deconstructing hepatitis C virus infection in humanized mice. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1245, 59-62 (2011).
149. C. N. Medine, B. Lucendo-Villarin, C. Storck, F. Wang, D. Szkolnicka, F. Khan, S. Pernagallo, J. R. Black, H. M. Marriage, J. A. Ross, M. Bradley, J. P. Iredale, O. Flint, D. C. Hay, Developing high-fidelity hepatotoxicity models from pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 2, 505-509 (2013).
150. S. S. Kim, S. Kaihara, M. S. Benvenuto, B. S. Kim, D. J. Mooney, J. P. Vacanti, Small intestinal submucosa as a small-caliber venous graft: A novel model for hepatocyte transplantation on synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffolds with direct access to the portal venous system. J. Pediatr. Surg. 34, 124-128 (1999). (Pubitemid 29047265)
151. K. Ohashi, F. Koyama, K. Tatsumi, M. Shima, F. Park, Y. Nakajima, T. Okano, Functional lifelong maintenance of engineered liver tissue in mice following transplantation under the kidney capsule. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 4, 141-148 (2010).
152. K. Hamazaki, Y. Doi, N. Koide, Microencapsulated multicellular spheroid of rat hepatocytes transplanted intraperitoneally after 90% hepatectomy. Hepatogastroenterology 49, 1514-1516 (2002). (Pubitemid 35277312)
153. T. Hoppo, J. Komori, R. Manohar, D. B. Stolz, E. Lagasse, Rescue of lethal hepatic failure by hepatized lymph nodes in mice. Gastroenterology 140, 656-666.e2 (2011).
154. N. L. Bucher, J. F. Scott, J. C. Aub, Regeneration of the liver in parabiotic rats. Cancer Res. 11, 457-465 (1951).
155. A. S. Hoffman, Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 54, 3-12 (2002). (Pubitemid 34081178)
156. G. H. Underhill, A. A. Chen, D. R. Albrecht, S. N. Bhatia, Assessment of hepatocellular function within PEG hydrogels. Biomaterials 28, 256-270 (2007). (Pubitemid 44537392)
157. A. A. Chen, D. K. Thomas, L. L. Ong, R. E. Schwartz, T. R. Golub, S. N. Bhatia, Humanized mice with ectopic artificial liver tissues. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108, 11842-11847 (2011).
158. V. Liu Tsang, A. A. Chen, L. M. Cho, K. D. Jadin, R. L. Sah, S. DeLong, J. L. West, S. N. Bhatia, Fabrication of 3D hepatic tissues by additive photopatterning of cellular hydrogels. FASEB J. 21, 790-801 (2007). (Pubitemid 46348254)
159. L. J. Itle, W. G. Koh, M. V. Pishko, Hepatocyte viability and protein expression within hydrogel microstructures. Biotechnol. Prog. 21, 926-932 (2005). (Pubitemid 40772299)
160. W. Tan, T. A. Desai, Microfluidic patterning of cells in extracellular matrix biopolymers: Effects of channel size, cell type, and matrix composition on pattern integrity. Tissue Eng. 9, 255-267 (2003). (Pubitemid 36944175)
161. G. Vozzi, C. Flaim, A. Ahluwalia, S. N. Bhatia, Fabrication of PLGA scaffolds using soft lithography and microsyringe deposition. Biomaterials 24, 2533-2540 (2003). (Pubitemid 36410330)
162. S. Kaihara, J. Borenstein, R. Koka, S. Lalan, E. R. Ochoa, M. Ravens, H. Pien, B. Cunningham, J. P. Vacanti, Silicon micromachining to tissue engineer branched vascular channels for liver fabrication. Tissue Eng. 6, 105-117 (2000). (Pubitemid 30227167)
163. S. S. Kim, H. Utsunomiya, J. A. Koski, B. M. Wu, M. J. Cima, J. Sohn, K. Mukai, L. G. Griffith, J. P. Vacanti, Survival and function of hepatocytes on a novel three-dimensional synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffold with an intrinsic network of channels. Ann. Surg. 228, 8-13 (1998). (Pubitemid 30190309)
164. A. Revzin, R. J. Russell, V. K. Yadavalli, W. G. Koh, C. Deister, D. D. Hile, M. B. Mellott, M. V. Pishko, Fabrication of poly (ethylene glycol) hydrogel microstructures using photolithography. Langmuir 17, 5440-5447 (2001). (Pubitemid 35330779)
165. M. S. Hahn, L. J. Taite, J. J. Moon, M. C. Rowland, K. A. Ruffino, J. L. West, Photolithographic patterning of polyethylene glycol hydrogels. Biomaterials 27, 2519-2524 (2006). (Pubitemid 43113276)
166. K. R. Stevens, M. D. Ungrin, R. E. Schwartz, S. Ng, B. Carvalho, K. S. Christine, R. R. Chaturvedi, C. Y. Li, P. W. Zandstra, C. S. Chen, S. N. Bhatia, InVERT molding for scalable control of tissue microarchitecture. Nat. Commun. 4, 1847 (2013).
167. D. R. Albrecht, G. H. Underhill, T. B. Wassermann, R. L. Sah, S. N. Bhatia, Probing the role of multicellular organization in three-dimensional microenvironments. Nat. Methods 3, 369-375 (2006).
168. P. V. Moghe, R. N. Coger, M. Toner, M. L. Yarmush, Cell-cell interactions are essential for maintenance of hepatocyte function in collagen gel but not on matrigel. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 56, 706-711 (1997). (Pubitemid 27505983)
169. R. J. Thomas, A. Bennett, B. Thomson, K. M. Shakesheff, Hepatic stellate cells on poly (DL-lactic acid) surfaces control the formation of 3D hepatocyte co-culture aggregates in vitro. Eur. Cell. Mater. 11, 16-26; discussion 26 (2006). (Pubitemid 43824727)
170. K. Ohashi, F. Park, M. A. Kay, Hepatocyte transplantation: Clinical and experimental application. J. Mol. Med. 79, 617-630 (2001). (Pubitemid 33071150)
171. H. Lee, R. A. Cusick, H. Utsunomiya, P. X. Ma, R. Langer, J. P. Vacanti, Effect of implantation site on hepatocytes heterotopically transplanted on biodegradable polymer scaffolds. Tissue Eng. 9, 1227-1232 (2003). (Pubitemid 37467670)
172. J. D. Baranski, R. R. Chaturvedi, K. R. Stevens, J. Eyckmans, B. Carvalho, R. D. Solorzano, M. T. Yang, J. S. Miller, S. N. Bhatia, C. S. Chen, Geometric control of vascular networks to enhance engineered tissue integration and function. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 110, 7586-7591 (2013).
173. J. S. Miller, K. R. Stevens, M. T. Yang, B. M. Baker, D. H. Nguyen, D. M. Cohen, E. Toro, A. A. Chen, P. A. Galie, X. Yu, R. Chaturvedi, S. N. Bhatia, C. S. Chen, Rapid casting of patterned vascular networks for perfusable engineered three-dimensional tissues. Nat. Mater. 11, 768-774 (2012).
174. T. P. Richardson, M. C. Peters, A. B. Ennett, D. J. Mooney, Polymeric system for dual growth factor delivery. Nat. Biotechnol. 19, 1029-1034 (2001). (Pubitemid 33041886)
175. H. Lee, R. A. Cusick, F. Browne, T. Ho Kim, P. X. Ma, H. Utsunomiya, R. Langer, J. P. Vacanti, Local delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor increases both angiogenesis and engraftment of hepatocytes in tissue-engineered polymer devices. Transplantation 73, 1589-1593 (2002). (Pubitemid 34568670)
176. M. K. Smith, M. C. Peters, T. P. Richardson, J. C. Garbern, D. J. Mooney, Locally enhanced angiogenesis promotes transplanted cell survival. Tissue Eng. 10, 63-71 (2004). (Pubitemid 38199361)
177. R. A. Peattie, A. P. Nayate, M. A. Firpo, J. Shelby, R. J. Fisher, G. D. Prestwich, Stimulation of in vivo angiogenesis by cytokine-loaded hyaluronic acid hydrogel implants. Biomaterials 25, 2789-2798 (2004). (Pubitemid 38201304)
178. A. Kedem, A. Perets, I. Gamlieli-Bonshtein, M. Dvir-Ginzberg, S. Mizrahi, S. Cohen, Vascular endothelial growth factor-releasing scaffolds enhance vascularization and engraftment of hepatocytes transplanted on liver lobes. Tissue Eng. 11, 715-722 (2005). (Pubitemid 40960776)
179. A. Lesman, M. Habib, O. Caspi, A. Gepstein, G. Arbel, S. Levenberg, L. Gepstein, Transplantation of a tissue-engineered human vascularized cardiac muscle. Tissue Eng. Part A 16, 115-125 (2010).
180. S. Levenberg, J. Rouwkema, M. Macdonald, E. S. Garfein, D. S. Kohane, D. C. Darland, R. Marini, C. A. van Blitterswijk, R. C. Mulligan, P. A. D'Amore, R. Langer, Engineering vascularized skeletal muscle tissue. Nat. Biotechnol. 23, 879-884 (2005). (Pubitemid 43093132)
181. K. R. Stevens, K. L. Kreutziger, S. K. Dupras, F. S. Korte, M. Regnier, V. Muskheli, M. B. Nourse, K. Bendixen, H. Reinecke, C. E. Murry, Physiological function and transplantation of scaffoldfree and vascularized human cardiac muscle tissue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 16568-16573 (2009).
182. R. Sudo, T. Mitaka, M. Ikeda, K. Tanishita, Reconstruction of 3D stacked-up structures by rat small hepatocytes on microporous membranes. FASEB J. 19, 1695-1697 (2005). (Pubitemid 41429533)
183. Y. Ishida, S. Smith, L. Wallace, T. Sadamoto, M. Okamoto, M. Auth, M. Strazzabosco, L. Fabris, J. Medina, J. Prieto, A. Strain, J. Neuberger, R. Joplin, Ductular morphogenesis and functional polarization of normal human biliary epithelial cells in three-dimensional culture. J. Hepatol. 35, 2-9 (2001). (Pubitemid 32646218)
184. M. K. Auth, R. E. Joplin, M. Okamoto, Y. Ishida, P. McMaster, J. M. Neuberger, R. A. Blaheta, T. Voit, A. J. Strain, Morphogenesis of primary human biliary epithelial cells: Induction in high-density culture or by coculture with autologous human hepatocytes. Hepatology 33, 519-529 (2001). (Pubitemid 32185212)
185. M. Miyazawa, T. Torii, Y. Toshimitsu, K. Okada, I. Koyama, Y. Ikada, A tissue-engineered artificial bile duct grown to resemble the native bile duct. Am. J. Transplant. 5, 1541-1547 (2005). (Pubitemid 40839450)
186. H. Ebata, K. Onodera, M. Sawa, M. Mito, A study of liver regeneration using fetal rat liver tissue transplanted into the spleen. Jpn. J. Surg. 18, 540-547 (1988).
187. J. T. Wilson, E. L. Chaikof, Challenges and emerging technologies in the immunoisolation of cells and tissues. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 124-145 (2008). (Pubitemid 350245691)
188. A. S. Sawhney, C. P. Pathak, J. A. Hubbell, Modification of islet of langerhans surfaces with immunoprotective poly (ethylene glycol) coatings via interfacial photopolymerization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 44, 383-386 (1994). (Pubitemid 24215272)
189. R. S. Hill, G. M. Cruise, S. R. Hager, F. V. Lamberti, X. Yu, C. L. Garufis, Y. Yu, K. E. Mundwiler, J. F. Cole, J. A. Hubbell, O. D. Hegre, D. W. Scharp, Immunoisolation of adult porcine islets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The use of photopolymerizable polyethylene glycol in the conformal coating of mass-isolated porcine islets. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 831, 332-343 (1997). (Pubitemid 28045288)
190. C. Y. Cheung, K. S. Anseth, Synthesis of immunoisolation barriers that provide localized immunosuppression for encapsulated pancreatic islets. Bioconjug. Chem. 17, 1036-1042 (2006). (Pubitemid 44162624)
191. J. D. Bryers, C. M. Giachelli, B. D. Ratner, Engineering biomaterials to integrate and heal: The biocompatibility paradigm shifts. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 1898-1911 (2012).
192. T. H. Kim, W. M. Mars, D. B. Stolz, G. K. Michalopoulos, Expression and activation of pro-MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 during rat liver regeneration. Hepatology 31, 75-82 (2000). (Pubitemid 30033692)
193. T. Knittel, M. Mehde, A. Grundmann, B. Saile, J. G. Scharf, G. Ramadori, Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors during hepatic tissue repair in the rat. Histochem. Cell Biol. 113, 443-453 (2000). (Pubitemid 30436163)
194. L. Liu, G. R. Yannam, T. Nishikawa, T. Yamamoto, H. Basma, R. Ito, M. Nagaya, J. Dutta-Moscato, D. B. Stolz, F. Duan, K. H. Kaestner, Y. Vodovotz, A. Soto-Gutierrez, I. J. Fox, The microenvirontment in hepatocyte regeneration and function in rats with advanced cirrhosis. Hepatology 55, 1529-1539 (2012).
195. A. M. Kloxin, C. J. Kloxin, C. N. Bowman, K. S. Anseth, Mechanical properties of cellularly responsive hydrogels and their experimental determination. Adv. Mater. 22, 3484-3494 (2010).
196. P. R. Arany, D. J. Mooney, At the edge of translation-Materials to program cells for directed differentiation. Oral Dis. 17, 241-251 (2011).
197. N. Kobayashi, T. Fujiwara, K. A. Westerman, Y. Inoue, M. Sakaguchi, H. Noguchi, M. Miyazaki, J. Cai, N. Tanaka, I. J. Fox, P. Leboulch, Prevention of acute liver failure in rats with reversibly immortalized human hepatocytes. Science 287, 1258-1262 (2000). (Pubitemid 30112146)
198. S. W. Lee, X. Wang, N. R. Chowdhury, J. Roy-Chowdhury, Hepatocyte transplantation: State of the art and strategies for overcoming existing hurdles. Ann. Hepatol. 3, 48-53 (2004).
199. J. Myren, T. Vinje, The effect of carbon tetrachloride on liver and liver transplants in mice. Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Suppl. 93, 173-181 (1952).
200. Y. Kawai, J. B. Price, M. A. Hardy, Reversal of liver failure in rats by ultraviolet-irradiated hepatocyte transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 19, 989-991 (1987). (Pubitemid 17026722)
201. D. E. Sutherland, M. Numata, A. J. Matas, R. L. Simmons, J. S. Najarian, Hepatocellular transplantation in acute liver failure. Surgery 82, 124-132 (1977). (Pubitemid 8127013)
202. B. G. Sommer, D. E. Sutherland, A. J. Matas, R. L. Simmons, J. S. Najarian, Hepatocellular transplantation for treatment of D-galactosamine- induced acute liver failure in rats. Transplant. Proc. 11, 578-584 (1979). (Pubitemid 9171934)
203. L. Makowka, R. E. Falk, L. E. Rotstein, J. A. Falk, N. Nossal, B. Langer, L. M. Blendis, M. J. Phillips, Reversal of experimental acute hepatic failure in the rat. J. Surg. Res. 29, 479-487 (1980). (Pubitemid 11207567)
204. A. A. Demetriou, A. Reisner, J. Sanchez, S. M. Levenson, A. D. Moscioni, J. R. Chowdhury, Transplantation of microcarrier-attached hepatocytes into 90% partially hepatectomized rats. Hepatology 8, 1006-1009 (1988).
205. M. Bernardi, C. Tacconi, M. Somaroli, G. Gasbarrini, A. Mazziotti, Hyperammonemic, ammoniaindependent coma in experimental acute liver failure induced in the pig. Gastroenterology 81, 191-192 (1981).
206. B. G. Sommer, D. E. Sutherland, R. L. Simmons, J. S. Najarian, Hepatocellular transplantation for experimental ischemic acute liver failure in dogs. J. Surg. Res. 29, 319-325 (1980). (Pubitemid 10025528)
207. N. Kobayashi, M. Ito, J. Nakamura, J. Cai, C. Gao, J. M. Hammel, I. J. Fox, Hepatocyte transplantation in rats with decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatology 31, 851-857 (2000). (Pubitemid 30169930)
208. A. J. Matas, D. E. Sutherland, M. W. Steffes, S. M. Mauer, A. Sowe, R. L. Simmons, J. S. Najarian, Hepatocellular transplantation for metabolic deficiencies: Decrease of plasms bilirubin in Gunn rats. Science 192, 892-894 (1976).
209. M. Fujita, H. Furukawa, M. Hattori, S. Todo, Y. Ishida, K. Nagashima, Sequential observation of liver cell regeneration after massive hepatic necrosis in auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation. Mod. Pathol. 13, 152-157 (2000). (Pubitemid 30109102)
210. A. Quaglia, B. C. Portmann, A. S. Knisely, P. Srinivasan, P. Muiesan, J. Wendon, M. A. Heneghan, J. G. O'Grady, M. Samyn, D. Hadzic, A. Dhawan, G. Mieli-Vergani, N. Heaton, M. Rela, Auxiliary transplantation for acute liver failure: Histopathological study of native liver regeneration. Liver Transpl. 14, 1437-1448 (2008).
211. A. Katoonizadeh, F. Nevens, C. Verslype, J. Pirenne, T. Roskams, Liver regeneration in acute severe liver impairment: A clinicopathological correlation study. Liver Int. 26, 1225-1233 (2006). (Pubitemid 44741210)
212. S. L. Friedman, Evolving challenges in hepatic fibrosis. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7, 425-436 (2010).
213. S. Gagandeep, P. Rajvanshi, R. P. Sokhi, S. Slehria, C. J. Palestro, K. K. Bhargava, S. Gupta, Transplanted hepatocytes engraft, survive, and proliferate in the liver of rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis. J. Pathol. 191, 78-85 (2000). (Pubitemid 30235653)
214. J. C. Cohen, J. D. Horton, H. H. Hobbs, Human fatty liver disease: Old questions and new insights. Science 332, 1519-1523 (2011).
215. Y. Popov, E. Patsenker, P. Fickert, M. Trauner, D. Schuppan, Mdr2 (Abcb4)-/-mice spontaneously develop severe biliary fibrosis via massive dysregulation of pro- and antifibrogenic genes. J. Hepatol. 43, 1045-1054 (2005). (Pubitemid 41627991)
216. P. S. Quinn, J. Higginson, Reversible and irreversible changes in experimental cirrhosis. Am. J. Pathol. 47, 353-369 (1965).
217. J. P. Iredale, Hepatic stellate cell behavior during resolution of liver injury. Semin. Liver Dis. 21, 427-436 (2001). (Pubitemid 32923770)
218. J. F. Dufour, R. DeLellis, M. M. Kaplan, Reversibility of hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis. Ann. Intern. Med. 127, 981-985 (1997). (Pubitemid 27516609)
219. J. Cai, M. Ito, H. Nagata, K. A. Westerman, D. Lafleur, J. R. Chowdhury, P. Leboulch, I. J. Fox, Treatment of liver failure in rats with end-stage cirrhosis by transplantation of immortalized hepatocytes. Hepatology 36, 386-394 (2002). (Pubitemid 34810358)
220. H. Nagata, M. Ito, J. Cai, A. S. Edge, J. L. Platt, I. J. Fox, Treatment of cirrhosis and liver failure in rats by hepatocyte xenotransplantation. Gastroenterology 124, 422-431 (2003). (Pubitemid 36169259)
221. J. Ribeiro, B. Nordlinger, F. Ballet, L. Cynober, C. Coudray-Lucas, M. Baudrimont, C. Legendre, R. Delelo, Y. Panis, Intrasplenic hepatocellular transplantation corrects hepatic encephalopathy in portacaval-shunted rats. Hepatology 15, 12-18 (1992).
222. I. K. Schumacher, T. Okamoto, B. H. Kim, N. R. Chowdhury, J. R. Chowdhury, I. J. Fox, Transplantation of conditionally immortalized hepatocytes to treat hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 24, 337-343 (1996). (Pubitemid 26260029)
223. H. Nagata, M. Ito, C. Shirota, A. Edge, T. C. McCowan, I. J. Fox, Route of hepatocyte delivery affects hepatocyte engraftment in the spleen. Transplantation 76, 732-734 (2003).
224. A. Soto-Gutierrez, L. Zhang, C. Medberry, K. Fukumitsu, D. Faulk, H. Jiang, J. Reing, R. Gramignoli, J. Komori, M. Ross, M. Nagaya, E. Lagasse, D. Stolz, S. C. Strom, I. J. Fox, S. F. Badylak, A wholeorgan regenerative medicine approach for liver replacement. Tissue Eng. Part C Methods 17, 677-686 (2011).
225. B. E. Uygun, A. Soto-Gutierrez, H. Yagi, M. L. Izamis, M. A. Guzzardi, C. Shulman, J. Milwid, N. Kobayashi, A. Tilles, F. Berthiaume, M. Hertl, Y. Nahmias, M. L. Yarmush, K. Uygun, Organ reengineering through development of a transplantable recellularized liver graft using decellularized liver matrix. Nat. Med. 16, 814-820 (2010).
226. P. M. Baptista, M. M. Siddiqui, G. Lozier, S. R. Rodriguez, A. Atala, S. Soker, The use of whole organ decellularization for the generation of a vascularized liver organoid. Hepatology 53, 604-617 (2011).
227. O. Barakat, S. Abbasi, G. Rodriguez, J. Rios, R. P. Wood, C. Ozaki, L. S. Holley, P. K. Gauthier, Use of decellularized porcine liver for engineering humanized liver organ. J. Surg. Res. 173, e11-e25 (2012).
228. A. I. Caplan, D. Correa, The MSC: An injury drugstore. Cell Stem Cell 9, 11-15 (2011).
229. G. Ren, X. Chen, F. Dong, W. Li, X. Ren, Y. Zhang, Y. Shi, Concise review: Mesenchymal stem cells and translational medicine: Emerging issues. Stem Cells Transl. Med. 1, 51-58 (2012).
230. K. Overturf, M. Al-Dhalimy, R. Tanguay, M. Brantly, C. N. Ou, M. Finegold, M. Grompe, Hepatocytes corrected by gene therapy are selected in vivo in a murine model of hereditary tyrosinaemia type I. Nat. Genet. 12, 266-273 (1996). (Pubitemid 26080085)
231. H. Malhi, B. Joseph, M. L. Schilsky, S. Gupta, Development of cell therapy strategies to overcome copper toxicity in the LEC rat model of Wilson disease. Regen. Med. 3, 165-173 (2008). (Pubitemid 351546457)
232. G. Patejunas, A. Bradley, A. L. Beaudet, W. E. O'Brien, Generation of a mouse model for citrullinemia by targeted disruption of the argininosuccinate synthetase gene. Somatic Cell Mol. Genet. 20, 55-60 (1994). (Pubitemid 24161065)
233. M. Grompe, S. N. Jones, H. Loulseged, C. T. Caskey, Retroviral-mediated gene transfer of human ornithine transcarbamylase into primary hepatocytes of spf and spf-ash mice. Hum. Gene Ther. 3, 35-44 (1992).
234. A. Ohtake, M. Takayanagi, S. Yamamoto, H. Kakinuma, H. Nakajima, M. Tatibana, M. Mori, Molecular basis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in spf and spf-ash mutant mice. J. Inherit. Metab. Dis. 9, 289-291 (1986). (Pubitemid 17202036)
235. R. K. Iyer, P. K. Yoo, R. M. Kern, N. Rozengurt, R. Tsoa, W. E. O'Brien, H. Yu, W. W. Grody, S. D. Cederbaum, Mouse model for human arginase deficiency. Mol. Cell. Biol. 22, 4491-4498 (2002). (Pubitemid 34620387)
236. J. Jiang, E. C. Salido, C. Guha, X. Wang, R. Moitra, L. Liu, J. Roy-Chowdhury, N. Roy-Chowdhury, Correction of hyperoxaluria by liver repopulation with hepatocytes in a mouse model of primary hyperoxaluria type-1. Transplantation 85, 1253-1260 (2008). (Pubitemid 351670473)
237. J. C. Wiederkehr, G. T. Kondos, R. Pollak, Hepatocyte transplantation for the low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient state. A study in the Watanabe rabbit. Transplantation 50, 466-471 (1990).
238. J. M. Kocken, I. H. Borel Rinkes, A. M. Bijma, W. K. de Roos, E. Bouwman, O. T. Terpstra, M. Sinaasappel, Correction of an inborn error of metabolism by intraportal hepatocyte transplantation in a dog model. Transplantation 62, 358-364 (1996). (Pubitemid 26277342)
239. J. Ding, G. R. Yannam, N. Roy-Chowdhury, T. Hidvegi, H. Basma, S. I. Rennard, R. J. Wong, Y. Avsar, C. Guha, D. H. Perlmutter, I. J. Fox, J. Roy-Chowdhury, Spontaneous hepatic repopulation in transgenic mice expressing mutant human a1-antitrypsin by wild-type donor hepatocytes. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 1930-1934 (2011).
240. H. Azuma, N. Paulk, A. Ranade, C. Dorrell, M. Al-Dhalimy, E. Ellis, S. Strom, M. A. Kay, M. Finegold, M. Grompe, Robust expansion of human hepatocytes in Fah-/-/Rag2-/-/Il2rg-/-mice. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 903-910 (2007).
241. E. P. Sandgren, R. D. Palmiter, J. L. Heckel, C. C. Daugherty, R. L. Brinster, J. L. Degen, Complete hepatic regeneration after somatic deletion of an albumin-plasminogen activator transgene. Cell 66, 245-256 (1991). (Pubitemid 121001363)
242. J. A. Rhim, E. P. Sandgren, R. D. Palmiter, R. L. Brinster, Complete reconstitution of mouse liver with xenogeneic hepatocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 92, 4942-4946 (1995).
243. J. A. Rhim, E. P. Sandgren, J. L. Degen, R. D. Palmiter, R. L. Brinster, Replacement of diseased mouse liver by hepatic cell transplantation. Science 263, 1149-1152 (1994). (Pubitemid 24105963)
244. M. Hasegawa, K. Kawai, T. Mitsui, K. Taniguchi, M. Monnai, M. Wakui, M. Ito, M. Suematsu, G. Peltz, M. Nakamura, H. Suemizu, The reconstituted "humanized liver" in TK-NOG mice is mature and functional. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 405, 405-410 (2011).
245. S. Laconi, F. Curreli, S. Diana, D. Pasciu, G. De Filippo, D. S. Sarma, P. Pani, E. Laconi, Liver regeneration in response to partial hepatectomy in rats treated with retrorsine: A kinetic study. J. Hepatol. 31, 1069-1074 (1999).
246. K. Yamanouchi, H. Zhou, N. Roy-Chowdhury, F. Macaluso, L. Liu, T. Yamamoto, G. R. Yannam, C. Enke, T. D. Solberg, A. B. Adelson, J. L. Platt, I. J. Fox, J. Roy-Chowdhury, C. Guha, Hepatic irradiation augments engraftment of donor cells following hepatocyte transplantation. Hepatology 49, 258-267 (2009).
247. C. Guha, B. Parashar, N. J. Deb, M. Garg, G. R. Gorla, A. Singh, N. Roy-Chowdhury, B. Vikram, J. Roy-Chowdhury, Normal hepatocytes correct serum bilirubin after repopulation of Gunn rat liver subjected to irradiation/partial resection. Hepatology 36, 354-362 (2002). (Pubitemid 34810354)
248. G. A. Kwong, G. von Maltzahn, G. Murugappan, O. Abudayyeh, S. Mo, I. A. Papayannopoulos, D. Y. Sverdlov, S. B. Liu, A. D. Warren, Y. Popov, D. Schuppan, S. N. Bhatia, Mass-encoded synthetic biomarkers for multiplexed urinary monitoring of disease. Nat. Biotechnol. 31, 63-70 (2013).
249. M. Grompe, S. Strom, Mice with human livers. Gastroenterology 145, 1209-1214 (2013).
250. K. Yusa, S. T. Rashid, H. Strick-Marchand, I. Varela, P. Q. Liu, D. E. Paschon, E. Miranda, A. Ordonez, N. R. Hannan, F. J. Rouhani, S. Darche, G. Alexander, S. J. Marciniak, N. Fusaki, M. Hasegawa, M. C. Holmes, J. P. Di Santo, D. A. Lomas, A. Bradley, L. Vallier, Targeted gene correction of a1-antitrypsin deficiency in induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 478, 391-394 (2011).
251. J. Ding, N. Roy-Chowdhury, X. Wang, D. S. Neufeld, M. C. Hansel, S. C. Strom, I. J. Fox, C. Guha, J. Roy-Chowdhury, SCID/Piz mice: A novel animal model for evaluating engraftment and proliferation of human stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Hepatology 54, 957A (2011).
252. N. Roy-Chowdhury, Y. Chen, K. Atienza, C. Chang, X. Wang, C. Guha, I. J. Fox, E. E. Bouhassira, J. Roy-Chowdhury, Amelioration of hyperbilirubinemia in Gunn rats after transplantation of human hepatocytes derived frominduced pluripotent stem cells. Hepatology 52, 426A (2010).
253. K. V. Atienza, J. Ding, C. J. Chang, E. E. Bouhassira, Y. Chen, X. Wang, Y. Avsar, L. Laibin, C. Guha, I. J. Fox, E. Salido, J. Roy-Chowdhury, N. Roy-Chowdhury, Reduction of urinary oxalate excretion after transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes in a mouse model of primary hyperoxaluria-1. Hepatology 54, 412A (2011).
254. B. M. Bilir, D. Guinette, F. Karrer, D. A. Kumpe, J. Krysl, J. Stephens, L. McGavran, A. Ostrowska, J. Durham, Hepatocyte transplantation in acute liver failure. Liver Transpl. 6, 32-40 (2000). (Pubitemid 30123365)
255. S. Gupta, J. R. Chowdhury, Therapeutic potential of hepatocyte transplantation. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 13, 439-446 (2002). (Pubitemid 36027149)
256. P. J. Maguire, C. Stevens, H. D. Humes, A. Shander, N. A. Halpern, S. M. Pastores, Bioartificial organ support for hepatic, renal, and hematologic failure. Crit. Care Clin. 16, 681-694 (2000).
257. J. C. Gerlach, J. Encke, O. Hole, C. Müller, C. J. Ryan, P. Neuhaus, Bioreactor for a larger scale hepatocyte in vitro perfusion. Transplantation 58, 984-988 (1994). (Pubitemid 24356468)
258. J. W. Allen, T. Hassanein, S. N. Bhatia, Advances in bioartificial liver devices. Hepatology 34, 447-455 (2001). (Pubitemid 32786634)
259. H. Olson, G. Betton, D. Robinson, K. Thomas, A. Monro, G. Kolaja, P. Lilly, J. Sanders, G. Sipes, W. Bracken, M. Dorato, K. Van Deun, P. Smith, B. Berger, A. Heller, Concordance of the toxicity of pharmaceuticals in humans and in animals. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 32, 56-67 (2000).
260. H. Shih, G. V. Pickwell, D. K. Guenette, B. Bilir, L. C. Quattrochi, Species differences in hepatocyte induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 by omeprazole. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 18, 95-105 (1999). (Pubitemid 29087950)
261. P. J. Lee, P. J. Hung, L. P. Lee, An artificial liver sinusoid with a microfluidic endothelial-like barrier for primary hepatocyte culture. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 97, 1340-1346 (2007). (Pubitemid 47195329)
262. P. Chao, T. Maguire, E. Novik, K. C. Cheng, M. L. Yarmush, Evaluation of a microfluidic based cell culture platform with primary human hepatocytes for the prediction of hepatic clearance in human. Biochem. Pharmacol. 78, 625-632 (2009).
263. E. Novik, T. J. Maguire, P. Chao, K. C. Cheng, M. L. Yarmush, A microfluidic hepatic coculture platform for cell-based drug metabolism studies. Biochem. Pharmacol. 79, 1036-1044 (2010).
264. S. Zhang, W. Tong, B. Zheng, T. A. Susanto, L. Xia, C. Zhang, A. Ananthanarayanan, X. Tuo, R. B. Sakban, R. Jia, C. Iliescu, K. H. Chai, M. McMillian, S. Shen, H. Leo, H. Yu, A robust highthroughput sandwich cell-based drug screening platform. Biomaterials 32, 1229-1241 (2011).
265. E. Eschbach, S. S. Chatterjee, M. Nöldner, E. Gottwald, H. Dertinger, K. F. Weibezahn, G. Knedlitschek, Microstructured scaffolds for liver tissue cultures of high cell density: Morphological and biochemical characterization of tissue aggregates. J. Cell. Biochem. 95, 243-255 (2005). (Pubitemid 41420195)
266. G. Knedlitschek, F. Schneider, E. Gottwald, T. Schaller, E. Eschbach, K. F. Weibezahn, A tissue-like culture system using microstructures: Influence of extracellular matrix material on cell adhesion and aggregation. J. Biomech. Eng. 121, 35-39 (1999). (Pubitemid 29102071)
267. A. Sivaraman, J. K. Leach, S. Townsend, T. Iida, B. J. Hogan, D. B. Stolz, R. Fry, L. D. Samson, S. R. Tannenbaum, L. G. Griffith, A microscale in vitro physiological model of the liver: Predictive screens for drug metabolism and enzyme induction. Curr. Drug Metab. 6, 569-591 (2005). (Pubitemid 41672495)
268. T. Miki, A. Ring, J. Gerlach, Hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is promoted by three-dimensional dynamic perfusion culture conditions. Tissue Eng. Part C Methods 17, 557-568 (2011).
269. L. Sivertsson, J. Synnergren, J. Jensen, P. Björquist, M. Ingelman-Sundberg, Hepatic differentiation and maturation of human embryonic stem cells cultured in a perfused three-dimensional bioreactor. Stem Cells Dev. 22, 581-594 (2013).
270. J. C. Gerlach, N. Schnoy, J. Encke, M. D. Smith, C. Müller, P. Neuhaus, Improved hepatocyte in vitro maintenance in a culture model with woven multicompartment capillary systems: Electron microscopy studies. Hepatology 22, 546-552 (1995).
271. K. Domansky, W. Inman, J. Serdy, A. Dash, M. H. Lim, L. G. Griffith, Perfused multiwell plate for 3D liver tissue engineering. Lab Chip 10, 51-58 (2010).
272. J. H. Sung, C. Kam, M. L. Shuler, A microfluidic device for a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) model on a chip. Lab Chip 10, 446-455 (2010).
273. G. Vunjak-Novakovic, S. Bhatia, C. Chen, K. Hirschi, HeLiVa platform: Integrated heart-livervascular systems for drug testing in human health and disease. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 4(Suppl. 1), S8 (2013).
274. D. Huh, G. A. Hamilton, D. E. Ingber, From 3D cell culture to organs-on-chips. Trends Cell Biol. 21, 745-754 (2011).
275. R. Gebhardt, J. G. Hengstler, D. Müller, R. Glöckner, P. Buenning, B. Laube, E. Schmelzer, M. Ullrich, D. Utesch, N. Hewitt, M. Ringel, B. R. Hilz, A. Bader, A. Langsch, T. Koose, H. J. Burger, J. Maas, F. Oesch, New hepatocyte in vitro systems for drug metabolism: Metabolic capacity and recommendations for application in basic research and drug development, standard operation procedures. Drug Metab. Rev. 35, 145-213 (2003). (Pubitemid 37048295)
276. P. Roy, H. Baskaran, A. W. Tilles, M. L. Yarmush, M. Toner, Analysis of oxygen transport to hepatocytes in a flat-plate microchannel bioreactor. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 29, 947-955 (2001). (Pubitemid 34055196)
277. J. W. Allen, S. R. Khetani, S. N. Bhatia, In vitro zonation and toxicity in a hepatocyte bioreactor. Toxicol. Sci. 84, 110-119 (2005). (Pubitemid 40340278)
278. J. F. Pritchard, M. Jurima-Romet, M. L. Reimer, E. Mortimer, B. Rolfe, M. N. Cayen, Making better drugs: Decision gates in non-clinical drug development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2, 542-553 (2003). (Pubitemid 37361746)
279. S. R. Khetani, S. N. Bhatia, Microscale culture of human liver cells for drug development. Nat. Biotechnol. 26, 120-126 (2008).
280. N. J. Hewitt, M. J. Lechón, J. B. Houston, D. Hallifax, H. S. Brown, P. Maurel, J. G. Kenna, L. Gustavsson, C. Lohmann, C. Skonberg, A. Guillouzo, G. Tuschl, A. P. Li, E. LeCluyse, G. M. Groothuis, J. G. Hengstler, Primary hepatocytes: Current understanding of the regulation of metabolic enzymes and transporter proteins, and pharmaceutical practice for the use of hepatocytes in metabolism, enzyme induction, transporter, clearance, and hepatotoxicity studies. Drug Metab. Rev. 39, 159-234 (2007).
281. W. W. Wang, S. R. Khetani, S. Krzyzewski, D. B. Duignan, R. S. Obach, Assessment of a micropatterned hepatocyte coculture system to generate major human excretory and circulating drug metabolites. Drug Metab. Dispos. 38, 1900-1905 (2010).
282. J. Fukuda, Y. Sakai, K. Nakazawa, Novel hepatocyte culture system developed using microfabrication and collagen/polyethylene glycol microcontact printing. Biomaterials 27, 1061-1070 (2006). (Pubitemid 41566699)
283. C. N. Jones, N. Tuleuova, J. Y. Lee, E. Ramanculov, A. H. Reddi, M. A. Zern, A. Revzin, Cultivating hepatocytes on printed arrays of HGF and BMP7 to characterize protective effects of these growth factors during in vitro alcohol injury. Biomaterials 31, 5936-5944 (2010).
284. M. Y. Lee, R. A. Kumar, S. M. Sukumaran, M. G. Hogg, D. S. Clark, J. S. Dordick, Three-dimensional cellular microarray for high-throughput toxicology assays. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105, 59-63 (2008).
285. K. R. King, S. Wang, D. Irimia, A. Jayaraman, M. Toner, M. L. Yarmush, A high-throughput microfluidic real-time gene expression living cell array. Lab Chip 7, 77-85 (2007). (Pubitemid 44974598)
286. C. Zhang, S. M. Chia, S. M. Ong, S. Zhang, Y. C. Toh, D. van Noort, H. Yu, The controlled presentation of TGF-b1 to hepatocytes in a 3D-microfluidic cell culture system. Biomaterials 30, 3847-3853 (2009).
287. E. E. Hui, S. N. Bhatia, Micromechanical control of cell-cell interactions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 104, 5722-5726 (2007). (Pubitemid 47175601)
288. V. Lohmann, F. Körner, J. O. Koch, U. Herian, L. Theilmann, R. Bartenschlager, Replication of subgenomic hepatitis C virus RNAs in a hepatoma cell line. Science 285, 110-113 (1999). (Pubitemid 29307577)
289. T. Kato, A. Furusaka, M. Miyamoto, T. Date, K. Yasui, J. Hiramoto, K. Nagayama, T. Tanaka, T. Wakita, Sequence analysis of hepatitis C virus isolated from a fulminant hepatitis patient. J. Med. Virol. 64, 334-339 (2001). (Pubitemid 32565130)
290. B. D. Lindenbach, M. J. Evans, A. J. Syder, B. Wölk, T. L. Tellinghuisen, C. C. Liu, T. Maruyama, R. O. Hynes, D. R. Burton, J. A. McKeating, C. M. Rice, Complete replication of hepatitis C virus in cell culture. Science 309, 623-626 (2005). (Pubitemid 41033648)
291. T. Wakita, T. Pietschmann, T. Kato, T. Date, M. Miyamoto, Z. J. Zhao, K. Murthy, A. Habermann, H. G. Kräusslich, M. Mizokami, R. Bartenschlager, T. J. Liang, Production of infectious hepatitis C virus in tissue culture from a cloned viral genome. Nat. Med. 11, 791-796 (2005). (Pubitemid 41021213)
292. J. Zhong, P. Gastaminza, G. F. Cheng, S. Kapadia, T. Kato, D. R. Burton, S. F. Wieland, S. L. Uprichard, T. Wakita, F. V. Chisari, Robust hepatitis C virus infection in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102, 9294-9299 (2005). (Pubitemid 40923557)
293. M. Buck, Direct infection and replication of naturally occurring hepatitis C virus genotypes 1, 2, 3 and 4 in normal human hepatocyte cultures. PLOS One 3, e2660 (2008).
294. S. Molina, V. Castet, L. Pichard-Garcia, C. Wychowski, E. Meurs, J. M. Pascussi, C. Sureau, J. M. Fabre, A. Sacunha, D. Larrey, J. Dubuisson, J. Coste, J. McKeating, P. Maurel, C. Fournier-Wirth, Serum-derived hepatitis C virus infection of primary human hepatocytes is tetraspanin CD81 dependent. J. Virol. 82, 569-574 (2008). (Pubitemid 350309172)
295. A. Ploss, S. R. Khetani, C. T. Jones, A. J. Syder, K. Trehan, V. A. Gaysinskaya, K. Mu, K. Ritola, C. M. Rice, S. N. Bhatia, Persistent hepatitis C virus infection in microscale primary human hepatocyte cultures. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107, 3141-3145 (2010).
296. B. D. Lindenbach, C. M. Rice, The ins and outs of hepatitis C virus entry and assembly. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11, 688-700 (2013).
297. A. D. Kwong, R. S. Kauffman, P. Hurter, P. Mueller, Discovery and development of telaprevir: An NS3-4A protease inhibitor for treating genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus. Nat. Biotechnol. 29, 993-1003 (2011).
298. F. Poordad, J. McCone Jr., B. R. Bacon, S. Bruno, M. P. Manns, M. S. Sulkowski, I. M. Jacobson, K. R. Reddy, Z. D. Goodman, N. Boparai, M. J. DiNubile, V. Sniukiene, C. A. Brass, J. K. Albrecht, J. P. Bronowicki; SPRINT-2 Investigators, Boceprevir for untreated chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 1195-1206 (2011).
299. M. W. Fried, M. Buti, G. J. Dore, R. Flisiak, P. Ferenci, I. Jacobson, P. Marcellin, M. Manns, I. Nikitin, F. Poordad, M. Sherman, S. Zeuzem, J. Scott, L. Gilles, O. Lenz, M. Peeters, V. Sekar, G. De Smedt, M. Beumont-Mauviel, Once-daily simeprevir (TMC435) with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in treatment-naïve genotype 1 hepatitis C: The randomized PILLAR study. Hepatology 58, 1918-1929 (2013).
300. E. Lawitz, A. Mangia, D. Wyles, M. Rodriguez-Torres, T. Hassanein, S. C. Gordon, M. Schultz, M. N. Davis, Z. Kayali, K. R. Reddy, I. M. Jacobson, K. V. Kowdley, L. Nyberg, G. M. Subramanian, R. H. Hyland, S. Arterburn, D. Jiang, J. McNally, D. Brainard, W. T. Symonds, J. G. McHutchison, A. M. Sheikh, Z. Younossi, E. J. Gane, Sofosbuvir for previously untreated chronic hepatitis C infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 1878-1887 (2013).
301. I. M. Jacobson, S. C. Gordon, K. V. Kowdley, E. M. Yoshida, M. Rodriguez-Torres, M. S. Sulkowski, M. L. Shiffman, E. Lawitz, G. Everson, M. Bennett, E. Schiff, M. T. Al-Assi, G. M. Subramanian, D. An, M. Lin, J. McNally, D. Brainard, W. T. Symonds, J. G. McHutchison, K. Patel, J. Feld, S. Pianko, D. R. Nelson; POSITRON Study, FUSION Study, Sofosbuvir for hepatitis C genotype 2 or 3 in patients without treatment options. N. Engl. J. Med. 368, 1867-1877 (2013).
302. R. E. Schwartz, K. Trehan, L. Andrus, T. P. Sheahan, A. Ploss, S. A. Duncan, C. M. Rice, S. N. Bhatia, Modeling hepatitis C virus infection using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 2544-2548 (2012).
303. X. Wu, J. M. Robotham, E. Lee, S. Dalton, N. M. Kneteman, D. M. Gilbert, H. Tang, Productive hepatitis C virus infection of stem cell-derived hepatocytes reveals a critical transition to viral permissiveness during differentiation. PLOS Pathog. 8, e1002617 (2012).
304. S. Yalaoui, T. Huby, J. F. Franetich, A. Gego, A. Rametti, M. Moreau, X. Collet, A. Siau, G. J. van Gemert, R. W. Sauerwein, A. J. F. Luty, J. C. Vaillant, L. Hannoun, J. Chapman, D. Mazier, P. Froissard, Scavenger receptor BI boosts hepatocyte permissiveness to Plasmodium infection. Cell Host Microbe 4, 283-292 (2008).
305. B. C. L. van Schaijk, C. J. Janse, G. J. van Gemert, M. R. van Dijk, A. Gego, J. F. Franetich, M. van de Vegte-Bolmer, S. Yalaoui, O. Silvie, S. L. Hoffman, A. P. Waters, D. Mazier, R. W. Sauerwein, S. M. Khan, Gene disruption of Plasmodium falciparum p52 results in attenuation of malaria liver stage development in cultured primary human hepatocytes. PLOS One 3, e3549 (2008).
306. S. March, S. Ng, S. Velmurugan, A. Galstian, J. Shan, D. J. Logan, A. E. Carpenter, D. Thomas, B. K. Sim, M. M. Mota, S. L. Hoffman, S. N. Bhatia, A microscale human liver platform that supports the hepatic stages of Plasmodium falciparum and vivax. Cell Host Microbe 14, 104-115 (2013).
307. R. D. Hickey, J. B. Lillegard, J. E. Fisher, T. J. McKenzie, S. E. Hofherr, M. J. Finegold, S. L. Nyberg, M. Grompe, Efficient production of Fah-null heterozygote pigs by chimeric adeno-associated virus-mediated gene knockout and somatic cell nuclear transfer. Hepatology 54, 1351-1359 (2011).
308. M. Schuldiner, J. Itskovitz-Eldor, N. Benvenisty, Selective ablation of human embryonic stem cells expressing a "suicide" gene. Stem Cells 21, 257-265 (2003). (Pubitemid 36623167)
309. M. Kiuru, J. L. Boyer, T. P. O'Connor, R. G. Crystal, Genetic control of wayward pluripotent stem cells and their progeny after transplantation. Cell Stem Cell 4, 289-300 (2009).