Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of liver diseases, is there enough evidence?

Stem Cell Research

Volumn 11, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 1348-1364

  Meier, Raphael P H ^a   Müller, Yannick D ^a,b   Morel, Philippe ^a   Gonelle Gispert, Carmen ^a   Bühler, Leo H ^a  

^a University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Geneva   (Switzerland)

^b NONE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; COLLAGEN TYPE 1; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; CYTOCHROME P450; CYTOKERATIN 18; EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; FIBRONECTIN; GAMMA INTERFERON; GELATINASE B; HEPATOCYTE NUCLEAR FACTOR 4; HYDROXYPROLINE; INDOLEAMINE 2,3 DIOXYGENASE; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 6; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; SCATTER FACTOR; SOMATOMEDIN BINDING PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VASCULOTROPIN;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; BYSTANDER EFFECT; CARCINOGENICITY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL TRANSDIFFERENTIATION; CHROMOSOME ABERRATION; CHRONIC LIVER DISEASE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); CROHN DISEASE; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE; GRAFT REJECTION; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; IN VITRO STUDY; LIVER CELL; LIVER DISEASE; LIVER FIBROSIS; LIVER INJURY; LUNG DISEASE; LUPUS VULGARIS; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; LYMPHOCYTIC INFILTRATION; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; MEMORY T LYMPHOCYTE; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; MESENCHYMAL STROMA CELL; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PATIENT SAFETY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SKIN DISEASE; THERAPY EFFECT; TISSUE REPAIR; ULCERATIVE COLITIS; UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD; XENOTRANSPLANTATION;

CARBON TETRACHLORIDE; CCL-4; GRAFT VERSUS HOST DISEASE; GVHD; HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR; HGF; IFN-Γ; INR; INTERFERON-Γ; INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO; INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF CELLULAR THERAPY; ISCT; MELD; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; MODEL FOR END-STAGE LIVER DISEASE; MSC; TGF-Β; TNF-Α; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA 1; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

ANIMALS; CARCINOGENESIS; CYTOKINES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; IMMUNOMODULATION; LIVER DISEASES; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS; RISK FACTORS; RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS;

EID: 84884969589     PISSN: 18735061     EISSN: 18767753     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2013.08.011     Document Type: Review

References (187)

1. Abdel Aziz M.T., et al. Therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on experimental liver fibrosis. Clin. Biochem. 2007, 40(12):893-899.
2. Aggarwal S., Pittenger M.F. Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate allogeneic immune cell responses. Blood 2005, 105(4):1815-1822.
3. Aguilar S., et al. Murine but not human mesenchymal stem cells generate osteosarcoma-like lesions in the lung. Stem Cells 2007, 25(6):1586-1594.
4. Amer M.E., et al. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with end-stage liver cell failure injected with bone marrow-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2011, 23(10):936-941.
5. Amin M., et al. Evaluation of bone marrow-derived stem cells in hepatocyte regeneration in patients with end stage liver disease. Liver Int. 2006, 26:21-22.
6. Anon. The darker side of stem cells. Nature 2012, 483(7387):5.
7. Augello A., et al. Cell therapy using allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells prevents tissue damage in collagen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007, 56(4):1175-1186.
8. Aurich I., et al. Functional integration of hepatocytes derived from human mesenchymal stem cells into mouse livers. Gut 2007, 56(3):405-415.
9. Aurich H., et al. Hepatocyte differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from human adipose tissue in vitro promotes hepatic integration in vivo. Gut 2009, 58(4):570-581.
10. Baertschiger R.M., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human exocrine pancreas express transcription factors implicated in beta-cell development. Pancreas 2008, 37(1):75-84.
11. Baertschiger R.M., et al. Fibrogenic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in injured liver. PLoS One 2009, 4(8):e6657.
12. Banas A., et al. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a source of human hepatocytes. Hepatology 2007, 46(1):219-228.
13. Banas A., et al. IFATS collection: in vivo therapeutic potential of human adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells after transplantation into mice with liver injury. Stem Cells 2008, 26(10):2705-2712.
14. Bartholomew A., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and prolong skin graft survival in vivo. Exp. Hematol. 2002, 30(1):42-48.
15. Beckermann B.M., et al. VEGF expression by mesenchymal stem cells contributes to angiogenesis in pancreatic carcinoma. Br. J. Cancer 2008, 99(4):622-631.
16. Beerheide W., et al. Downregulation of beta2-microglobulin in human cord blood somatic stem cells after transplantation into livers of SCID-mice: an escape mechanism of stem cells?. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 294(5):1052-1063.
17. Bernardo M.E., et al. Human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells do not undergo transformation after long-term in vitro culture and do not exhibit telomere maintenance mechanisms. Cancer Res. 2007, 67(19):9142-9149.
18. Bian Z.Y., et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells promote growth of osteosarcoma: involvement of interleukin-6 in the interaction between human mesenchymal stem cells and Saos-2. Cancer Sci. 2010, 101(12):2554-2560.
19. Boomsma R.A., Geenen D.L. Mesenchymal stem cells secrete multiple cytokines that promote angiogenesis and have contrasting effects on chemotaxis and apoptosis. PLoS One 2012, 7(4):e35685.
20. Campard D., et al. Native umbilical cord matrix stem cells express hepatic markers and differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells. Gastroenterology 2008, 134(3):833-848.
21. Cao H., et al. Therapeutic potential of transplanted placental mesenchymal stem cells in treating Chinese miniature pigs with acute liver failure. BMC Med. 2012, 10:56.
22. Caplan A.I. Mesenchymal stem cells. J. Orthop. Res. 1991, 9(5):641-650.
23. Carvalho A.B., et al. Bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells do not reduce fibrosis or improve function in a rat model of severe chronic liver injury. Stem Cells 2008, 26(5):1307-1314.
24. Casiraghi F., et al. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell therapy and risk of malignancies. Stem Cell Rev. 2013, 9(1):65-79.
25. Chamberlain J., et al. Efficient generation of human hepatocytes by the intrahepatic delivery of clonal human mesenchymal stem cells in fetal sheep. Hepatology 2007, 46(6):1935-1945.
26. Chang Y.J., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells facilitate recovery from chemically induced liver damage and decrease liver fibrosis. Life Sci. 2009, 85(13-14):517-525.
27. Corcione A., et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells modulate B-cell functions. Blood 2006, 107(1):367-372.
28. Cousin B., et al. Adult stromal cells derived from human adipose tissue provoke pancreatic cancer cell death both in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2009, 4(7):e6278.
29. da Silva Meirelles L., Chagastelles P.C., Nardi N.B. Mesenchymal stem cells reside in virtually all post-natal organs and tissues. J. Cell Sci. 2006, 119(Pt 11):2204-2213.
30. da Silva Meirelles L., et al. MSC frequency correlates with blood vessel density in equine adipose tissue. Tissue Eng. Part A 2009, 15(2):221-229.
31. Dahl J.A., et al. Genetic and epigenetic instability of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells expanded in autologous serum or fetal bovine serum. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 2008, 52(8):1033-1042.
32. Dalakas E., et al. Bone marrow stem cells contribute to alcohol liver fibrosis in humans. Stem Cells Dev. 2010, 19(9):1417-1425.
33. Dasari V.R., et al. Upregulation of PTEN in glioma cells by cord blood mesenchymal stem cells inhibits migration via downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. PLoS One 2010, 5(4):e10350.
34. Dasari V.R., et al. Cord blood stem cell-mediated induction of apoptosis in glioma downregulates X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). PLoS One 2010, 5(7):e11813.
35. Deeg H.J. How I treat refractory acute GVHD. Blood 2007, 109(10):4119-4126.
36. di Bonzo L.V., et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells as a two-edged sword in hepatic regenerative medicine: engraftment and hepatocyte differentiation versus profibrogenic potential. Gut 2008, 57(2):223-231.
37. Di Nicola M., et al. Human bone marrow stromal cells suppress T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by cellular or nonspecific mitogenic stimuli. Blood 2002, 99(10):3838-3843.
38. Dmitrewski J., et al. Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis in the liver allograft: the effect of immunosuppression. J. Hepatol. 1996, 24(3):253-257.
39. Dominici M., et al. POSITION PAPER. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 2006, 8(4):315-317.
40. Duncan A.W., Dorrell C., Grompe M. Stem cells and liver regeneration. Gastroenterology 2009, 137(2):466-481.
41. El-Ansary M., et al. Phase II trial: undifferentiated versus differentiated autologous mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in Egyptian patients with HCV induced liver cirrhosis. Stem Cell Rev. 2012, 8(3):972-981.
42. Erices A., Conget P., Minguell J.J. Mesenchymal progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood. Br. J. Haematol. 2000, 109(1):235-242.
43. European-Union-Group-on-Ethics http://ec.europa.eu/bepa/european-group-ethics/docs/avis19_en.pdf.
44. +) mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Transplantation 2004, 78(1):83-88.
45. Fellous T.G., et al. Locating the stem cell niche and tracing hepatocyte lineages in human liver. Hepatology 2009, 49(5):1655-1663.
46. Fernandez M., et al. Detection of stromal cells in peripheral blood progenitor cell collections from breast cancer patients. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997, 20(4):265-271.
47. Forbes S.J., et al. A significant proportion of myofibroblasts are of bone marrow origin in human liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology 2004, 126(4):955-963.
48. Friedenstein A.J., et al. Heterotopic of bone marrow. Analysis of precursor cells for osteogenic and hematopoietic tissues. Transplantation 1968, 6(2):230-247.
49. Friedenstein A.J., Chailakhjan R.K., Lalykina K.S. The development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1970, 3(4):393-403.
50. Friedenstein A.J., et al. Precursors for fibroblasts in different populations of hematopoietic cells as detected by the in vitro colony assay method. Exp. Hematol. 1974, 2(2):83-92.
51. Friedenstein A.J., Gorskaja J.F., Kulagina N.N. Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs. Exp. Hematol. 1976, 4(5):267-274.
52. Friedenstein A.J., Chailakhyan R.K., Gerasimov U.V. Bone marrow osteogenic stem cells: in vitro cultivation and transplantation in diffusion chambers. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1987, 20(3):263-272.
53. Fukuchi Y., et al. Human placenta-derived cells have mesenchymal stem/progenitor cell potential. Stem Cells 2004, 22(5):649-658.
54. Garcia S., et al. Pitfalls in spontaneous in vitro transformation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Exp. Cell Res. 2010, 316(9):1648-1650.
55. Gerdoni E., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells effectively modulate pathogenic immune response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Ann. Neurol. 2007, 61(3):219-227.
56. 111In-oxine labeled mesenchymal stem cells following infusion in patients with advanced cirrhosis. Nucl. Med. Biol. 2011, 38(7):961-967.
57. Glennie S., et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induce division arrest anergy of activated T cells. Blood 2005, 105(7):2821-2827.
58. Gordon G.J., et al. Liver regeneration in rats with retrorsine-induced hepatocellular injury proceeds through a novel cellular response. Am. J. Pathol. 2000, 156(2):607-619.
59. Hardjo M., et al. Suppression of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by transplantation of a clonal mesenchymal stem cell line derived from rat bone marrow. Cell Transplant. 2009, 18(1):89-99.
60. Hauner H., et al. Promoting effect of glucocorticoids on the differentiation of human adipocyte precursor cells cultured in a chemically defined medium. J. Clin. Invest. 1989, 84(5):1663-1670.
61. Hengstler J.G., et al. Generation of human hepatocytes by stem cell technology: definition of the hepatocyte. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 2005, 1(1):61-74.
62. Higashiyama R., et al. Bone marrow-derived cells express matrix metalloproteinases and contribute to regression of liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology 2007, 45(1):213-222.
63. Hirschi K.K., D'Amore P.A. Pericytes in the microvasculature. Cardiovasc. Res. 1996, 32(4):687-698.
64. Hong S.H., et al. In vitro differentiation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005, 330(4):1153-1161.
65. Horwitz E.M., et al. Transplantability and therapeutic effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Nat. Med. 1999, 5(3):309-313.
66. Hung S.C., et al. Mesenchymal stem cell targeting of microscopic tumors and tumor stroma development monitored by noninvasive in vivo positron emission tomography imaging. Clin. Cancer Res. 2005, 11(21):7749-7756.
67. in't Anker P.S., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells in human second-trimester bone marrow, liver, lung, and spleen exhibit a similar immunophenotype but a heterogeneous multilineage differentiation potential. Haematologica 2003, 88(8):845-852.
68. Jacobs S.A., et al. Immunological characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells and multipotent adult progenitor cells. Immunol. Cell Biol. 2013, 91(1):32-39.
69. Jiang Y.H., et al. Pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells derived from adult marrow. Nature 2002, 418(6893):41-49.
70. Jiang X.X., et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells inhibit differentiation and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 2005, 105(10):4120-4126.
71. Kanazawa H., et al. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury in a rat model. PLoS One 2011, 6(4):e19195.
72. Karnoub A.E., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells within tumour stroma promote breast cancer metastasis. Nature 2007, 449(7162):557-563.
73. Karussis D., et al. Safety and immunological effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 2010, 67(10):1187-1194.
74. Khakoo A.Y., et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells exert potent antitumorigenic effects in a model of Kaposi's sarcoma. J. Exp. Med. 2006, 203(5):1235-1247.
75. Kharaziha P., et al. Improvement of liver function in liver cirrhosis patients after autologous mesenchymal stem cell injection: a phase I-II clinical trial. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2009, 21(10):1199-1205.
76. Kim J., et al. Biological characterization of long-term cultured human mesenchymal stem cells. Arch. Pharm. Res. 2009, 32(1):117-126.
77. Kim J.K., et al. Autologous bone marrow infusion activates the progenitor cell compartment in patients with advanced liver cirrhosis. Cell Transplant. 2010, 19(10):1237-1246.
78. Kim S., et al. In vivo hepatic differentiation potential of human cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2011, 27(5):701-706.
79. Kisseleva T., Brenner D.A. The phenotypic fate and functional role for bone marrow-derived stem cells in liver fibrosis. J. Hepatol. 2012, 56(4):965-972.
80. Kisseleva T., et al. Bone marrow-derived fibrocytes participate in pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. J. Hepatol. 2006, 45(3):429-438.
81. Korbling M., et al. Hepatocytes and epithelial cells of donor origin in recipients of peripheral-blood stem cells. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002, 346(10):738-746.
82. Krampera M., et al. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibit the response of naive and memory antigen-specific T cells to their cognate peptide. Blood 2003, 101(9):3722-3729.
83. Kucerova L., et al. Tumor cell behaviour modulation by mesenchymal stromal cells. Mol. Cancer 2010, 9:129.
84. Kuo T.K., et al. Stem cell therapy for liver disease: parameters governing the success of using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Gastroenterology 2008, 134(7):2111-2121. (2121 e1-3).
85. Lagasse E., et al. Purified hematopoietic stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes in vivo. Nat. Med. 2000, 6(11):1229-1234.
86. Le Blanc K., Ringden O. Immunobiology of human mesenchymal stem cells and future use in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 2005, 11(5):321-334.
87. Le Blanc K., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit and stimulate mixed lymphocyte cultures and mitogenic responses independently of the major histocompatibility complex. Scand. J. Immunol. 2003, 57(1):11-20.
88. Le Blanc K., et al. Treatment of severe acute graft-versus-host disease with third party haploidentical mesenchymal stem cells. Lancet 2004, 363(9419):1439-1441.
89. Le Blanc K., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of steroid-resistant, severe, acute graft-versus-host disease: a phase II study. Lancet 2008, 371(9624):1579-1586.
90. Lee K.D., et al. In vitro hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Hepatology 2004, 40(6):1275-1284.
91. Lee R.H., et al. Characterization and expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from human bone marrow and adipose tissue. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 2004, 14(4-6):311-324.
92. Lee M.J., et al. Anti-fibrotic effect of chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human placenta in a rat model of CCl(4)-injured liver: potential application to the treatment of hepatic diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 2010, 111(6):1453-1463.
93. Leu J.I., Crissey M.A.S., Taub R. Massive hepatic apoptosis associated with TGF-beta 1 activation after Fas ligand treatment of IGF binding protein-1-deficient mice. J. Clin. Invest. 2003, 111(1):129-139.
94. Li H., et al. Spontaneous expression of embryonic factors and p53 point mutations in aged mesenchymal stem cells: a model of age-related tumorigenesis in mice. Cancer Res. 2007, 67(22):10889-10898.
95. Li C., et al. Homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells mediated by sphingosine 1-phosphate contributes to liver fibrosis. J. Hepatol. 2009, 50(6):1174-1183.
96. Li J., et al. 3D PLGA scaffolds improve differentiation and function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived hepatocytes. Stem Cells Dev. 2010, 19(9):1427-1436.
97. Li J., et al. Immediate intraportal transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells prevents death from fulminant hepatic failure in pigs. Hepatology 2012, 56(3):1044-1052.
98. Lin N., et al. Nerve growth factor-mediated paracrine regulation of hepatic stellate cells by multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. Life Sci. 2009, 85(7-8):291-295.
99. Lin G., et al. Effects of transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells on prostate tumor. Prostate 2010, 70(10):1066-1073.
100. Lin H., et al. Implications of the immunoregulatory functions of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of human liver diseases. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 2011, 8(1):19-22.
101. Liska V., et al. Intraportal injection of porcine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells augments liver regeneration after portal vein embolization. In Vivo 2009, 23(2):229-235.
102. Lyra A.C., et al. Feasibility and safety of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with advanced chronic liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 2007, 13(7):1067-1073.
103. Lyra A.C., et al. Infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells through hepatic artery results in a short-term improvement of liver function in patients with chronic liver disease: a pilot randomized controlled study. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2010, 22(1):33-42.
104. Makino S., et al. Cardiomyocytes can be generated from marrow stromal cells in vitro. J. Clin. Invest. 1999, 103(5):697-705.
105. Manousou P., et al. Primary biliary cirrhosis after liver transplantation: influence of immunosuppression and human leukocyte antigen locus disparity. Liver Transpl. 2010, 16(1):64-73.
106. Meisel R., et al. Human bone marrow stromal cells inhibit allogeneic T-cell responses by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-mediated tryptophan degradation. Blood 2004, 103(12):4619-4621.
107. Mendez-Ferrer S., et al. Mesenchymal and haematopoietic stem cells form a unique bone marrow niche. Nature 2010, 466(7308):829-834.
108. Miura M., et al. Accumulated chromosomal instability in murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells leads to malignant transformation. Stem Cells 2006, 24(4):1095-1103.
109. Mohamadnejad M., et al. Impact of immunosuppressive treatment on liver fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2005, 50(3):547-551.
110. Mohamadnejad M., et al. Phase 1 trial of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Arch. Iran. Med. 2007, 10(4):459-466.
111. Mohsin S., et al. Enhanced hepatic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells after pretreatment with injured liver tissue. Differentiation 2011, 81(1):42-48.
112. Morikawa S., et al. Prospective identification, isolation, and systemic transplantation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in murine bone marrow. J. Exp. Med. 2009, 206(11):2483-2496.
113. Najimi M., et al. Adult-derived human liver mesenchymal-like cells as a potential progenitor reservoir of hepatocytes?. Cell Transplant. 2007, 16(7):717-728.
114. Natarajan A., Wagner B., Sibilia M. The EGF receptor is required for efficient liver regeneration. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2007, 104(43):17081-17086.
115. Nauta A.J., Fibbe W.E. Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stromal cells. Blood 2007, 110(10):3499-3506.
116. +-derived and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 2006, 177(4):2080-2087.
117. Ning H., et al. The correlation between cotransplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and higher recurrence rate in hematologic malignancy patients: outcome of a pilot clinical study. Leukemia 2008, 22(3):593-599.
118. Nombela-Arrieta C., Ritz J., Silberstein L.E. The elusive nature and function of mesenchymal stem cells. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2011, 12(2):126-131.
119. Odorfer K.I., et al. Hematopoietic bone marrow cells participate in endothelial, but not epithelial or mesenchymal cell renewal in adult rats. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2011, 15(10):2232-2244.
120. Oliveira P.H., et al. An appraisal of genetic stability in human mesenchymal stem cells. Portuguese Meeting in Bioengineering 2011.
121. Ong S.Y., Dai H., Leong K.W. Inducing hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in pellet culture. Biomaterials 2006, 27(22):4087-4097.
122. Ortiz L.A., et al. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist mediates the antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effect of mesenchymal stem cells during lung injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2007, 104(26):11002-11007.
123. Oswald J., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into endothelial cells in vitro. Stem Cells 2004, 22(3):377-384.
124. Oyagi S., et al. Therapeutic effect of transplanting HGF-treated bone marrow mesenchymal cells into CCl4-injured rats. J. Hepatol. 2006, 44(4):742-748.
125. Parekkadan B., et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived molecules reverse fulminant hepatic failure. PLoS One 2007, 2(9):e941.
126. Parekkadan B., et al. Immunomodulation of activated hepatic stellate cells by mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2007, 363(2):247-252.
127. Peng L., et al. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in liver failure patients caused by hepatitis B: short-term and long-term outcomes. Hepatology 2011, 54(3):820-828.
128. Phinney D.G., Prockop D.J. Concise review: mesenchymal stem/multipotent stromal cells: the state of transdifferentiation and modes of tissue repair-current views. Stem Cells 2007, 25(11):2896-2902.
129. Piryaei A., et al. Differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into hepatocyte-like cells on nanofibers and their transplantation into a carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis model. Stem Cell Rev. 2011, 7(1):103-118.
130. Pittenger M.F., et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells. Science 1999, 284(5411):143-147.
131. Popp F.C., et al. No contribution of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells to liver regeneration in a rat model of prolonged hepatic injury. Stem Cells 2007, 25(3):639-645.
132. Popp F.C., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells as immunomodulators after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl. 2009, 15(10):1192-1198.
133. Prockop D.J. Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues. Science 1997, 276(5309):71-74.
134. Prockop D.J., Olson S.D. Clinical trials with adult stem/progenitor cells for tissue repair: let's not overlook some essential precautions. Blood 2007, 109(8):3147-3151.
135. Ramasamy R., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells: impact on in vivo tumor growth. Leukemia 2007, 21(2):304-310.
136. Rasmusson I., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens and alloantigens by different mechanisms. Exp. Cell Res. 2005, 305(1):33-41.
137. Ringden O., Nilsson B. Death by graft-versus-host disease associated with HLA mismatch, high recipient age, low marrow cell dose, and splenectomy. Transplantation 1985, 40(1):39-44.
138. Rollin R., et al. Human parvovirus B19, varicella zoster virus, and human herpesvirus-6 in mesenchymal stem cells of patients with osteoarthritis: analysis with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007, 15(4):475-478.
139. Rubio D., et al. Spontaneous human adult stem cell transformation. Cancer Res. 2005, 65(8):3035-3039.
140. Russo F.P., et al. The bone marrow functionally contributes to liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology 2006, 130(6):1807-1821.
141. Sacchetti B., et al. Self-renewing osteoprogenitors in bone marrow sinusoids can organize a hematopoietic microenvironment. Cell 2007, 131(2):324-336.
142. Salazar K.D., Lankford S.M., Brody A.R. Mesenchymal stem cells produce Wnt isoforms and TGF-beta1 that mediate proliferation and procollagen expression by lung fibroblasts. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol. 2009, 297(5):L1002-L1011.
143. Sato Y., et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells xenografted directly to rat liver are differentiated into human hepatocytes without fusion. Blood 2005, 106(2):756-763.
144. Schlichenmaier H., et al. Expression of cytokeratin 18 during pre- and post-natal porcine lung development. Anat. Histol. Embryol. 2002, 31(5):273-277.
145. Schwartz R.E., et al. Multipotent adult progenitor cells from bone marrow differentiate into functional hepatocyte-like cells. J. Clin. Invest. 2002, 109(10):1291-1302.
146. Secchiero P., et al. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells display anti-cancer activity in SCID mice bearing disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma xenografts. PLoS One 2010, 5(6):e11140.
147. + regulatory T cells. Stem Cells 2008, 26(1):212-222.
148. Seo M.J., et al. Differentiation of human adipose stromal cells into hepatic lineage in vitro and in vivo. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2005, 328(1):258-264.
149. Sgroi A., et al. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist modulates the early phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice. PLoS One 2011, 6(9):e25442.
150. Sheng H., et al. A critical role of IFNgamma in priming MSC-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation through up-regulation of B7-H1. Cell Res. 2008, 18(8):846-857.
151. Slukvin I.I., Vodyanik M. Endothelial origin of mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Cycle 2011, 10(9):1370-1373.
152. Snykers S., et al. In vitro differentiation of embryonic and adult stem cells into hepatocytes: state of the art. Stem Cells 2009, 27(3):577-605.
153. Sotiropoulou P.A., et al. Interactions between human mesenchymal stem cells and natural killer cells. Stem Cells 2006, 24(1):74-85.
154. Spahr L., et al. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with decompensated alcoholic liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2013, 8(1):e53719.
155. Sun B., et al. Correlation between melanoma angiogenesis and the mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells derived from bone marrow. Stem Cells Dev. 2005, 14(3):292-298.
156. Sun L., et al. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation reverses multiorgan dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus mice and humans. Stem Cells 2009, 27(6):1421-1432.
157. Sundin M., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells are susceptible to human herpesviruses, but viral DNA cannot be detected in the healthy seropositive individual. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006, 37(11):1051-1059.
158. Sundin M., et al. Persistence of human parvovirus B19 in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells expressing the erythrocyte P antigen: implications for transplantation. Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008, 14(10):1172-1179.
159. Suva D., et al. In vitro activated human T lymphocytes very efficiently attach to allogenic multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and transmigrate under them. J. Cell. Physiol. 2008, 214(3):588-594.
160. Takashima Y., et al. Neuroepithelial cells supply an initial transient wave of MSC differentiation. Cell 2007, 129(7):1377-1388.
161. Tan J., et al. Induction therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cells in living-related kidney transplants: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012, 307(11):1169-1177.
162. Terai S., et al. Improved liver function in patients with liver cirrhosis after autologous bone marrow cell infusion therapy. Stem Cells 2006, 24(10):2292-2298.
163. +) T cell proliferation and reduce pathology in a humanized mouse model of acute graft-versus-host disease. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2013, 172(2):333-348.
164. Tolar J., et al. Sarcoma derived from cultured mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells 2007, 25(2):371-379.
165. Tsai P.C., et al. The therapeutic potential of human umbilical mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton's jelly in the treatment of rat liver fibrosis. Liver Transpl. 2009, 15(5):484-495.
166. Tse W.T., et al. Suppression of allogeneic T-cell proliferation by human marrow stromal cells: implications in transplantation. Transplantation 2003, 75(3):389-397.
167. Uccelli A., Moretta L., Pistoia V. Mesenchymal stem cells in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2008, 8(9):726-736.
168. Urban V.S., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells cooperate with bone marrow cells in therapy of diabetes. Stem Cells 2008, 26(1):244-253.
169. van Poll D., et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived molecules directly modulate hepatocellular death and regeneration in vitro and in vivo. Hepatology 2008, 47(5):1634-1643.
170. Vig P., et al. The sources of parenchymal regeneration after chronic hepatocellular liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2006, 43(2):316-324.
171. Vodyanik M.A., et al. A mesoderm-derived precursor for mesenchymal stem and endothelial cells. Cell Stem Cell 2010, 7(6):718-729.
172. Wang X., et al. Cell fusion is the principal source of bone-marrow-derived hepatocytes. Nature 2003, 422(6934):897-901.
173. Waterman R.S., et al. A new mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) paradigm: polarization into a pro-inflammatory MSC1 or an Immunosuppressive MSC2 phenotype. PLoS One 2010, 5(4):e10088.
174. Weiss M.L., et al. Human umbilical cord matrix stem cells: preliminary characterization and effect of transplantation in a rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Stem Cells 2006, 24(3):781-792.
175. Xie Q.P., et al. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into insulin-producing cells upon microenvironmental manipulation in vitro. Differentiation 2009, 77(5):483-491.
176. Yan Y., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells from human umbilical cords ameliorate mouse hepatic injury in vivo. Liver Int. 2009, 29(3):356-365.
177. Yang Z.F., et al. Antiinflammatory properties of IL-10 rescue small-for-size liver grafts. Liver Transpl. 2007, 13(4):558-565.
178. Zappia E., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inducing T-cell anergy. Blood 2005, 106(5):1755-1761.
179. Zhang W., et al. Effects of mesenchymal stem cells on differentiation, maturation, and function of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Stem Cells Dev. 2004, 13(3):263-271.
180. Zhang Z., et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve liver function and ascites in decompensated liver cirrhosis patients. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2012, 27(Suppl. 2):112-120.
181. Zhao L., et al. Ex vivo-expanded bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells facilitate recovery from chemically induced acute liver damage. Hepatogastroenterology 2012, 59(120).
182. Zhao W., et al. Intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells is effective in treating liver fibrosis. World J. Gastroenterol. 2012, 18(10):1048-1058.
183. Zhen G., et al. Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation increases expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in papain-induced emphysematous lungs and inhibits apoptosis of lung cells. Cytotherapy 2010, 12(5):605-614.
184. Zhou Y.F., et al. Spontaneous transformation of cultured mouse bone marrow-derived stromal cells. Cancer Res. 2006, 66(22):10849-10854.
185. Zhu W., et al. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow favor tumor cell growth in vivo. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 2006, 80(3):267-274.
186. Zuk P.A., et al. Human adipose tissue is a source of multipotent stem cells. Mol. Biol. Cell 2002, 13(12):4279-4295.
187. Zvaifler N.J., et al. Mesenchymal precursor cells in the blood of normal individuals. Arthritis Res. 2000, 2(6):477-488.