The scale of the evidence base on the health effects of conventional yogurt consumption: Findings of a scoping review

Frontiers in Pharmacology

Volumn 6, Issue OCT, 2015, Pages

  Glanville, Julie M ^a   Brown, Sam ^a   Shamir, Raanan ^b   Szajewska, Hania ^c   Eales, Jacqualyn F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF YORK   (United Kingdom)

^b TEL AVIV UNIVERSITY   (Israel)

^c MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW   (Poland)

Author keywords

Effects; Evidence; Health outcomes; Review; Yogurt

Indexed keywords

PROBIOTIC AGENT; YOGHURT;

ARTHRALGIA; BODY WEIGHT; BODY WEIGHT MANAGEMENT; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FERMENTATION TECHNIQUE; FOOD INTAKE; FOOD SAFETY; GASTROINTESTINAL HEALTH; HEALTH; HUMAN; LACTOBACILLUS DELBRUECKII; METABOLIC HEALTH; MORTALITY; NEOPLASM; NUTRITIONAL HEALTH; PARKINSON DISEASE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; SHORT SURVEY; SKIN DISEASE; STREPTOCOCCUS THERMOPHILUS; WELLBEING;

EID: 84947217588     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16639812     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00246     Document Type: Short Survey

References (230)

1. Adibi, P., Mirshahzadeh, P., and Sadeghizadeh, A. (2009). Dairy intolerance syndrome in Iranian young adult. J. Res. Med. Sci. 14, 357-366.
2. Adolfsson, O., Meydani, S. N., and Russell, R. M. (2004). Yogurt and gut function. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 245-256.
3. Albertson, A. M., Holschuh, N. M., and Eldridge, A. L. (2007). Yogurt consumption in the United States: effect on nutrient intakes and body measures in adults 19+ years. FASEB J. 21, A1061.
4. Almiron-Roig, E., Grathwohl, D., Green, H., and Erkner, A. (2009). Impact of some isoenergetic snacks on satiety and next meal intake in healthy adults. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 22, 469-474. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2009.00978.x
5. Al-Shahi Salman, R., Beller, E., Kagan, J., Hemminki, E., Phillips, R. S., Savulescu, J., et al. (2014). Increasing value and reducing waste in biomedical research regulation and management. Lancet 383, 176-185. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62297-7
6. Amir Shaghaghi, M. (2012). Evaluation of the Lipid-lowering Efficacy of a Water Dispersible Formulation of Free Sterols Versus Plant Sterol Esters in Humans Consuming a Supplemented Dairy Product [thesis]. Winnipeg: University of Manitoba.
7. Arslantas, D., Metintas, S., Unsal, A., Isikli, B., Kalyoncu, C., and Arslantas, A. (2008). Prevalence of osteoporosis in middle Anatolian population using calcaneal ultrasonography method. Maturitas 59, 234-241. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.01.007
8. Aune, D., Lau, R., Chan, D. S. M., Vieira, R., Greenwood, D. C., Kampman, E., et al. (2012). Dairy products and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann. Oncol. 23, 37-45. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdr269
9. Aune, D., Norat, T., Romundstad, P., and Vatten, L. J. (2013). Dairy products and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 98, 1066-1083. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.059030
10. Azadbakht, L., Haghighatdoost, F., Karimi, G., and Esmaillzadeh, A. (2013). Effect of consuming salad and yogurt as preload on body weight management and cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized clinical trial. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 64, 392-399. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2012.753039
11. Ballesta, S., Velasco, C., Borobio, M. V., Argüelles, F., and Perea, E. J. (2008). [Fresh versus pasteurized yogurt: comparative study of the effects on microbiological and immunological parameters, and gastrointestinal comfort]. Enferm. Infecc. Microbiol. Clin. 26, 552-557. doi: 10.1157/13128271
12. Bazzarre, T. L., Wu, S.-M. L., and Yuhas, J. A. (1983). Total and High Density Lipo Protein Cholesterol Concentrations Following Yoghurt and Calcium Supplementation. Nutr. Rep. Int. 28, 1225-1232.
13. Bener, A., and El Ayoubi, H. R. (2012). The role of vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis in breast cancer. Int. J. Rheum. Dis. 15, 554-561. doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.12017
14. Berberidis, C., Potoupnis, M., Sakellariou, G., Sapakos, J., Manologlou, K., and Goulios, A. (2004). Epidemiology study about risk factors for low bone density in old greek men and women. Calcif. Tissue Int. 74(Suppl. 1):S66.
15. Berkey, C. S., Colditz, G. A., Rockett, H. R., Frazier, A. L., and Willett, W. C. (2009). Dairy consumption and female height growth: prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 18, 1881-1887. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1163
16. Berkey, C. S., Willett, W. C., Tamimi, R. M., Rosner, B., Frazier, A. L., and Colditz, G. A. (2013). Dairy intakes in older girls and risk of benign breast disease in young women. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 22, 670-674. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-1133
17. Beydoun, M. A., Gary, T. L., Caballero, B. H., Lawrence, R. S., Cheskin, L. J., and Wang, Y. (2008). Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 87, 1914-1925.
18. Bhatnagar, S., Singh, K. D., Sazawal, S., Saxena, S. K., and Bhan, M. K. (1998). Efficacy of milk versus yogurt offered as part of a mixed diet in acute noncholera diarrhea among malnourished children. J. Pediatr. 132, 999-1003. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(98)70398-1
19. Bianchi-Salvadori, B. (1986). Intestinal microflora: the role of yogurt in the equilibrium of the gut ecosystem. Int. J. Immunothe. 3(Suppl. II), 9-18.
20. Blom, W. A., Abrahamse, S. L., Bradford, R., Duchateau, G. S., Theis, W., Orsi, A., et al. (2011). Effects of 15-d repeated consumption of Hoodia gordonii purified extract on safety, ad libitum energy intake, and body weight in healthy, overweight women: a randomized controlled trial. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 94, 1171-1181. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.020321
21. Bonet Serra, B., Quintanar Rioja, A., Viana Arribas, M., Iglesias-Gutierrez, E., and Varela-Moreiras, G. (2008). The effects of yogurt with isomer enriched conjugated linoleic acid on insulin resistance in obese adolescents. [Spanish] Efectos del yogur enriquecido con isomeros del acido linoleico conjugado, sobre resistencia a la insulina en adolescentes obesos. Rev. Esp. Pediatr. 64, 94-100.
22. Bonjour, J. P., Benoit, V., Payen, F., and Kraenzlin, M. (2013). Consumption of yogurts fortified in vitamin D and calcium reduces serum parathyroid hormone and markers of bone resorption: a double-blind randomized controlled trial in institutionalized elderly women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 2915-2921. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-1274
23. Bonthuis, M., Hughes, M. C., Ibiebele, T. I., Green, A. C., and van der Pols, J. C. (2010). Dairy consumption and patterns of mortality of Australian adults. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 64, 569-577. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.45
24. Boudraa, G., Benbouabdellah, M., Hachelaf, W., Boisset, M., Desjeux, J. F., and Touhami, M. (2001). Effect of feeding yogurt versus milk in children with acute diarrhea and carbohydrate malabsorption. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 33, 307-313. doi: 10.1097/00005176-200109000-00015
25. Boudraa, G., Touhami, M., Pochart, P., Soltana, R., Mary, J. Y., and Desjeux, J. F. (1989). Comparative effects of yogurt and milk on persistant diarrhea in early-childhood-preliminary-results [from the International Conference on Fermented Milk, Paris, Dec 14-16, 1989]. Fermented Milks 229-232.
26. Boudraa, G., Touhami, M., Pochart, P., Soltana, R., Mary, J. Y., and Desjeux, J. F. (1990). Effect of feeding yogurt versus milk in children with persistent diarrhea. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 11, 509-512. doi: 10.1097/00005176-199011000-00011
27. Bourlioux, P., and Pochart, P. (1988). Nutritional and health properties of yogurt. World Rev. Nutr. Diet. 56, 217-258. doi: 10.1159/000416229
28. Boutron, M. C., Faivre, J., Marteau, P., Couillault, C., Senesse, P., and Quipourt, V. (1996). Calcium, phosphorus, vitamin, D., dairy products and colorectal carcinogenesis: a French case-control study. Br. J. Cancer 74, 145-151. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1996.330
29. Burns, A. A., Lindmark, L., Livingstone, M. B. E., Mullaney, U., Rowland, I., and Welch, R. W. (1998). Consumption of yoghurt containing modified fat increases satiety and reduces subsequent food intake. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 57, 121a.
30. Burns, A. A., Livingstone, M. B. E., Welch, R. W., Dunne, A., and Rowland, I. R. (2002). Dose-response effects of a novel fat emulsion (Olibra (TM))on energy and macronutrient intakes up to 36 h post-consumption. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 56, 368-377. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601326
31. Burns, A. A., Livingstone, M. B., Welch, R. W., Dunne, A., Reid, C. A., and Rowland, I. R. (2001). The effects of yoghurt containing a novel fat emulsion on energy and macronutrient intakes in non-overweight, overweight and obese subjects. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 25, 1487-1496. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801720
32. Burns, A. A., Livingstone, M. B., Welch, R. W., Dunne, A., Robson, P. J., Lindmark, L., et al. (2000). Short-term effects of yoghurt containing a novel fat emulsion on energy and macronutrient intakes in non-obese subjects. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 24, 1419-1425. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801430
33. Buyuktuncer, Z., Fisunoglu, M., Guven, G. S., Unal, S., and Besler, H. T. (2013). The cholesterol lowering efficacy of plant stanol ester yoghurt in a Turkish population: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis. 12:91. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-12-91
34. Campbell, C. G., Chew, B. P., Luedecke, L. O., and Shultz, T. D. (2000). Yogurt consumption does not enhance immune function in healthy premenopausal women. Nutr. Cancer 37, 27-35. doi: 10.1207/S15327914NC3701_3
35. Campbell, C. G., Luedecke, L. O., and Shultz, T. D. (1999). Yogurt consumption and estrogen metabolism in healthy premenopausal women. Nutr. Res. 19, 531-543. doi: 10.1016/S0271-5317(99)00019-6
36. Chapelot, D., and Payen, F. (2010). Comparison of the effects of a liquid yogurt and chocolate bars on satiety: a multidimensional approach. Br. J. Nutr. 103, 760-767. doi: 10.1017/S000711450999225X
37. Chen, H., O'Reilly, E., McCullough, M. L., Rodriguez, C., Schwarzschild, M. A., Calle, E. E., et al. (2007). Consumption of dairy products and risk of parkinson's disease. Am. J. Epidemiol. 165, 998-1006. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwk089
38. Chien, Y. W., Liao, F. H., Chen, S. J., Chen, Y. F., Chen, C. F., and Shieh, M. J. (2004). Effectiveness of weight loss by using yogurt commercial meals. Nutr. Sci. J. 29, 222-229.
39. Choi, H. K., Liu, S., and Curhan, G. (2005). Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 283-289. doi: 10.1002/art.20761
40. Clegg, M. E., McKenna, P., McClean, C., Davison, G. W., Trinick, T., Duly, E., et al. (2011). Gastrointestinal transit, post-prandial lipaemia and satiety following 3 days high-fat diet in men. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 65, 240-246. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.235
41. Codex Committee on Milk Milk Products. (2010). Codex Standard for Fermented Milks (CODEX STAN 243-2003). New Zealand: Codex Alimentarius.
42. Conway, S., Hart, A., Clark, A., and Harvey, I. (2007). Does eating yogurt prevent antibioticmassociated diarrhoea? A placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial in general practice. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 57, 953-959. doi: 10.3399/096016407782604811
43. Cook-Mozaffari, P. J., Azordegan, F., Day, N. E., Ressicaud, A., Sabai, C., and Aramesh, B. (1979). Esophageal Cancer Studies in the Caspian Littoral of Iran Results of a Case Control Study. Br. J. Cancer 39, 293-309. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1979.54
44. Cramer, D. W., Harlow, B. L., Willett, W. C., Welch, W. R., Bell, D. A., Scully, R. E., et al. (1989). Galactose consumption and metabolism in relation to the risk of ovarian cancer. Lancet 2, 66-71. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90313-9
45. Crichton, G. E., Murphy, K. J., and Bryan, J. (2010). Dairy intake and cognitive health in middle-aged South Australians. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 19, 161-171.
46. Dawczynski, C., and Jahreis, G. (2009). Prevention of cardiovascular diseases with milk products supplemented with long-chain omega-3-fatty acids. Ernahrungs-Umschau 56, 618-625.
47. Dawczynski, C., Massey, K. A., Ness, C., Kiehntopf, M., Stepanow, S., Platzer, M., et al. (2013). Randomized placebo-controlled intervention with n-3 LC-PUFA-supplemented yoghurt: effects on circulating eicosanoids and cardiovascular risk factors. Clin. Nutr. 32, 686-696. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.12.010
48. Dehesa, A., García, I. C., Castañeda, C., Fragoso, T., Sagaró, E., and Soler, J. (1986). Yogurt as therapy in chronic diarrhea by giardiasis. Rev. Cubana Pediatr. 58, 198-205.
49. Dewan, P., Kaur, I., Chattopadhya, D., A Faridi, M. M., and Agarwal, K. N. (2007). A pilot study on the effects of curd (dahi) and leaf protein concentrate in children with protein energy malnutrition (PEM). Indian J. Med. Res. 126, 199-203.
50. Dewan, P., Kaur, I. R., Faridi, M. M., and Agarwal, K. N. (2009). Cytokine response to dietary rehabilitation with curd (Indian dahi) and leaf protein concentrate in malnourished children. Indian J. Med. Res. 130, 31-36.
51. Diepvens, K., Soenen, S., Steijns, J., Arnold, M., and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. (2007). Long-term effects of consumption of a novel fat emulsion in relation to body-weight management. Int. J. Obes. 31, 942-949. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803532
52. Diepvens, K., Steijns, J., Zuurendonk, P., and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2008). Short-term effects of a novel fat emulsion on appetite and food intake. Physiol. Behav. 95, 114-117. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.05.006
53. Djonovic, N. D. J., and Arsenijevic, S. A. (2011). Nutrition, obesitas and larynx cancer. Obes. Rev. 12:251. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00889.x
54. Dougkas, A., Minihane, A. M., Givens, D. I., Reynolds, C. K., and Yaqoob, P. (2012). Differential effects of dairy snacks on appetite, but not overall energy intake. Br. J. Nutr. 108, 2274-2285. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512000323
55. Douglas, S. M., Ortinau, L. C., Hoertel, H. A., and Leidy, H. J. (2013). Low, moderate, or high protein yogurt snacks on appetite control and subsequent eating in healthy women. Appetite 60, 117-122. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.09.012
56. Duarte-Salles, T., Fedirko, V., Trichopoulou, A., Bamia, C., Romieu, I., and Jenab, M. (2013). Dairy products, calcium and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) Study. J. Hepatol. 58, S260. doi: 10.1016/S0168-8278(13)60640-6
57. Eren, M., Dinleyici, E. C., and Vandenplas, Y. (2010). Clinical efficacy comparison of Saccharomyces boulardii and yogurt fluid in acute non-bloody diarrhea in children: a randomized, controlled, open label study. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 82, 488-491. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0529
58. Faber, M. T., Jensen, A., Sogaard, M., Hogdall, E., Hogdall, C., Blaakaer, J., et al. (2012). Use of dairy products, lactose, and calcium and risk of ovarian cancer Y results from a Danish case-control study. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 22, S42. doi: 10.3109/0284186x.2011.636754
59. Feart, C., Lorrain, S., Ginder Coupez, V., Samieri, C. L., Letenneur, L., Paineau, D., et al. (2013). Mediterranean diet adherence and risk of fractures in older persons: results from the three-city study. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 63, 759-760. doi: 10.1007/s00198-013-2421-7
60. Frank, S., Linder, K., Kullmann, S., Heni, M., Ketterer, C., Cavusoglu, M., et al. (2012). Fat intake modulates cerebral blood flow in homeostatic and gustatory brain areas in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 95, 1342-1349. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.031492
61. Freudenheim, J. L., Russell, M., Trevisan, M., and Doemland, M. (1991). Calcium Intake and Blood Pressure in Blacks and White. Ethn. Dis. 1, 114-122.
62. Gallus, S., Bravi, F., Talamini, R., Negri, E., Montella, M., Ramazzotti, V., et al. (2006). Milk, dairy products and cancer risk (Italy). Cancer Causes Control 17, 429-437. doi: 10.1007/s10552-005-0423-2
63. Ganji, V., and Kafai, M. (2004a). Dietary patterns are related to serum total homocysteine concentrations in the US. FASEB J. 18, Abst.105.2.
64. Ganji, V., and Kafai, M. R. (2004b). Frequent consumption of milk, yogurt, cold breakfast cereals, peppers, and cruciferous vegetables and intakes of dietary folate and riboflavin but not vitamins B-12 and B-6 are inversely associated with serum total homocysteine concentrations in the US population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 80, 1500-1507.
65. Gao, D., Ning, N., Wang, C., Wang, Y., Li, Q., Meng, Z., et al. (2013). Dairy products consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 8:e73965. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073965
66. Genkinger, J. M., Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Anderson, K. E., Arslan, A., Beeson, W. L., et al. (2006). Dairy products and ovarian cancer: a pooled analysis of 12 cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 15, 364-372. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0484
67. Gheller, B., McCormick, M., Li, A., Anini, Y., Bellissimo, N., Hamilton, J., et al. (2013). Dairy snack reduces glycaemia in normal weight children. FASEB J. 27:Abstract 1074.9.
68. Goldbohm, R. A., Chorus, A. M., Galindo Garre, F., Schouten, L. J., and van den Brandt, P. A. (2011). Dairy consumption and 10-y total and cardiovascular mortality: a prospective cohort study in the Netherlands. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 93, 615-627. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.000430
69. Gouni-Berthold, I., Schulte, D. M., Krone, W., Lapointe, J. F., Lemieux, P., Predel, H. G., et al. (2012). The whey fermentation product malleable protein matrix decreases TAG concentrations in patients with the metabolic syndrome: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Br. J. Nutr. 107, 1694-1706. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511004843
70. Grantham, N. M., Magliano, D. J., Hodge, A., Jowett, J., Meikle, P., and Shaw, J. E. (2013). The association between dairy food intake and the incidence of diabetes in Australia: the Australian Diabetes Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Public Health Nutr. 16, 339-345. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012001310
71. Haenni, A., Sundberg, B., Yazdanpandah, N., Viberg, A., and Olsson, J. (2009). Effect of fat emulsion (Fabuless) on orocecal transit time in healthy men. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 44, 1186-1190. doi: 10.1080/00365520903131999
72. Heaney, R. P., Rafferty, K., and Dowell, M. S. (2002). Effect of yogurt on a urinary marker of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 102, 1672-1674. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90356-1
73. Heck, J. E., Sapkota, A., Vendhan, G., Roychowdhury, S., Dikshit, R. P., Jetly, D. H., et al. (2008). Dietary risk factors for hypopharyngeal cancer in India. Cancer Causes Control 19, 1329-1337. doi: 10.1007/s10552-008-9204-z
74. Hepner, G., Fried, R., St Jeor, S., Fusetti, L., and Morin, R. (1979). Hypocholesterolemic effect of yogurt and milk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32, 19-24.
75. Hewitt, D., and Bancroft, H. J. (1985). Nutritional value of yogurt. J. Dairy Res. 52, 197-207. doi: 10.1017/S002202990002402X
76. Hoffman, D. J., Roberts, S. B., Verreschi, I., Martins, P. A., de Nascimento, C., Tucker, K. L., et al. (2000). Regulation of energy intake may be impaired in nutritionally stunted children from the shantytowns of Sao Paulo, Brazil. J. Nutr. 130, 2265-2270.
77. Hogenkamp, P. S., Cedernaes, J., Chapman, C. D., Vogel, H., Hjorth, O. C., Zarei, S., et al. (2012). Calorie Anticipation and Food Intake (Calorie anticipation alters food intake after low-caloric not high-caloric preloads. Obesity 21, 1548-1553. doi: 10.1002/oby.20293
78. Hsu, C. C., Chow, W. H., Boffetta, P., Moore, L., Zaridze, D., Moukeria, A., et al. (2007). Dietary risk factors for kidney cancer in Eastern and Central Europe. Am. J. Epidemiol. 166, 62-70. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwm043
79. Hursel, R., van der Zee, L., and Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2010). Effects of a breakfast yoghurt, with additional total whey protein or caseinomacropeptide-depleted alpha-lactalbumin-enriched whey protein, on diet-induced thermogenesis and appetite suppression. Br. J. Nutr. 103, 775-780. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509992352
80. Hyland, M. E., and Sodergren, S. C. (1998). Relationship between lifestyle and minor health complaints: evidence for two clusters of association. J. Nutr. Environ. Med. 8, 233-246. doi: 10.1080/13590849862005
81. Isakov, V., Pilipenko, V., Shakhovskaya, A., and Tutelyan, V. (2013). Efficacy of inulin enriched yogurt on bowel habits in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a pilot study. FASEB J. 27:Abstract lb426.
82. Iso, H., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Rexrode, K., Hennekens, C. H., Colditz, G. A., et al. (1999). Prospective study of calcium, potassium, and magnesium intake and risk of stroke in women. Stroke 30, 1772-1779. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.30.9.1772
83. Ivey, K. L., Lewis, J. R., Hodgson, J. M., Zhu, K., Dhaliwal, S. S., Thompson, P. L., et al. (2011). Association between yogurt, milk, and cheese consumption and common carotid artery intima-media thickness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in elderly women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 94, 234-239. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.014159
84. Janoutova, G., Kollarova, H., Horakova, D., Cizek, L., Reif, R., Starczewski, J., et al. (2007). Nutritional risk factors for kidney cancer. Klinicka Onkologie 20, 294-297.
85. Jaspers, D. A., Massey, L. K., and Luedecke, L. O. (1984). Effect of consuming yoghurts prepared with 3 culture strains on human serum lipoproteins. J. Food Sci. 49, 1178-1181. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb10422.x
86. Javed, S., Ahmad, R., Nawaz, S., and Saeed, S. (2013). Comparative studies on the hypocholestrimic effect of branded and conventional yoghurt. Healthmed 71, 92-97.
87. Jha, R. M., Mithal, A., Malhotra, N., and Brown, E. M. (2010). Pilot case-control investigation of risk factors for hip fractures in the urban Indian population. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 11:49. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-49
88. Jodkowska, M., Oblacinska, A., Tabak, I., and Radiukiewicz, K. (2011). Differences in dietary patterns between overweight and normal-weight adolescents. Med. Wieku Rozwoj. 15, 266-273.
89. Jordan, H. A., Levitz, L. S., Utgoff, K. L., and Lee, H. L. (1981). Role of food characteristics in behavioral change and weight loss. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 79, 24-29.
90. Jordão, R. E., Bernardi, J. L. D., and Barros Filho, A. D. A. (2009). Introdução alimentar e anemia em lactentes do município de Campinas (SP) Feeding pattern and anemia in infants in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Rev. Paul. Pediatr. 27, 381-388. doi: 10.1590/S0103-05822009000400006
91. Joshi, N. A., Albertson, A. M., and Bell, E. (2011). Yogurt intake is associated with favorable nutrient intake and healthy body measures in US women: results from NHANES 2007-08. FASEB J. 25:Abstract 783.5.
92. Juarranz Sanz, M., Soriano Llora, T., Calle Puron, M. E., Martinez Hernandez, D., Gonzalez Navarro, A., and Dominguez Rojas, V. (2004). Influence of the diet on the development of colorectal cancer in a population of Madrid. [Spanish] Influencia de la dieta en la aparicion del cancer colorrectal en una poblacion de Madrid. Rev. Clin. Esp. 204, 355-361. doi: 10.1016/S0014-2565(04)71484-8
93. Kampman, E., Goldbohm, R. A., van den Brandt, P. A., and van 't Veer, P. (1994). Fermented dairy products, calcium, and colorectal cancer in The Netherlands Cohort Study. Cancer Res. 54, 3186-3190.
94. Kampman, E., Slattery, M. L., Caan, B., and Potter, J. D. (2000). Calcium, vitamin, D., sunshine exposure, dairy products and colon cancer risk (United States). Cancer Causes Control 11, 459-466. doi: 10.1023/A:1008914108739
95. Karabocuoglu, M., Sokucu, S., Gokcay, G., Ucsel, R., and Ozenoglu, A. (1993). The effect of diet on carbohydrate malabsorption during acute diarrhea. Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklari Dergisi 36, 11-16.
96. Karagianni, V., Merikas, E., Georgopoulos, F., Gikas, A., Athanasopoulos, N., Malgarinos, G., et al. (2010). Risk factors for colorectal polyps: findings from a Greek case-control study. Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi 114, 662-670.
97. Kawakita, D., Sato, F., Hosono, S., Ito, H., Oze, I., Watanabe, M., et al. (2012). Inverse association between yoghurt intake and upper aerodigestive tract cancer risk in a Japanese population. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 21, 453-459. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e32834f75b5
98. Keast, D. R., Albertson, A. M., Gugger, C. K., and Holschuh, N. M. (2010). Yogurt, dairy, calcium, and vitamin D intake are associated with lower body fat measures in US children: results from NHANES 2005-2008. FASEB J. 24:Abstract 811.15.
99. Keast, D. R., Albertson, A. M., Gugger, C. K., and Holschuh, N. M. (2013). Yogurt consumption by US children is associated with higher protein, calcium and vitamin D intake, lower dietary fat, and lower body fat: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2005-2008). FASEB J. 27:Abstract 847.18.
100. Kesse, E., Bertrais, S., Astorg, P., Jaouen, A., Arnault, N., Galan, P., et al. (2006). Dairy products, calcium and phosphorus intake, and the risk of prostate cancer: results of the French prospective SU.VI.MAX (Supplementation en Vitamines et Mineraux Antioxydants) study. Br. J. Nutr. 95, 539-545. doi: 10.1079/BJN20051670
101. Kesse, E., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., Norat, T., Riboli, E., and Clavel-Chapelon, F. (2005). Dietary calcium, phosphorus, vitamin, D., dairy products and the risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer among French women of the E3N-EPIC prospective study. Int. J. Cancer 117, 137-144. doi: 10.1002/ijc.21148
102. Khandelwal, S., Demonty, I., Jeemon, P., Lakshmy, R., Mukherjee, R., Gupta, R., et al. (2009). Independent and interactive effects of plant sterols and fish oil n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on the plasma lipid profile of mildly hyperlipidaemic Indian adults. Br. J. Nutr. 102, 722-732. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509297170
103. Kim, J. (2013). Dairy food consumption is inversely associated with the risk of the metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. 26(Suppl. 1), 171-179. doi: 10.1111/jhn.12098
104. Kim, J., Ko, Y., Park, Y. K., Kim, N. I., Ha, W. K., and Cho, Y. (2010). Dietary effect of lactoferrin-enriched fermented milk on skin surface lipid and clinical improvement of acne vulgaris. Nutrition 26, 902-909. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.05.011
105. King, N. A., Craig, S. A., Pepper, T., and Blundell, J. E. (2005). Evaluation of the independent and combined effects of xylitol and polydextrose consumed as a snack on hunger and energy intake over 10 d. Br. J. Nutr. 93, 911-915. doi: 10.1079/BJN20051431
106. Kirii, K., Mizoue, T., Iso, H., Takahashi, Y., Kato, M., Inoue, M., et al. (2009). Calcium, vitamin D and dairy intake in relation to type 2 diabetes risk in a Japanese cohort. Diabetologia 52, 2542-2550. doi: 10.1007/s00125-009-1554-x
107. Kocic, B., Jankovic, S., Marinkovic, J., Petrovic, B., Tiodorovic, B., and Filipovic, S. (1997). Diet and breast cancer. Arch. Oncol. 5, 71-73.
108. Kojima, M., Wakai, K., Tamakoshi, K., Tokudome, S., Toyoshima, H., Watanabe, Y., et al. (2004). Diet and colorectal cancer mortality: results from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. Nutr. Cancer 50, 23-32. doi: 10.1207/s15327914nc5001_4
109. Korpela, R., Tuomilehto, J., Högström, P., Seppo, L., Piironen, V., Salo-Väänänen, P., et al. (2006). Safety aspects and cholesterol-lowering efficacy of low fat dairy products containing plant sterols. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 633-642. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602362
110. Kurahashi, N., Inoue, M., Iwasaki, M., Sasazuki, S., Tsugane, A. S., and Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study Group. (2008). Dairy product, saturated fatty acid, and calcium intake and prostate cancer in a prospective cohort of Japanese men. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 17, 930-937. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-2681
111. Kyrozis, A., Ghika, A., Stathopoulos, P., Vassilopoulos, D., Trichopoulos, D., and Trichopoulou, A. (2013). Dietary and lifestyle variables in relation to incidence of Parkinson's disease in Greece. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 28, 67-77. doi: 10.1007/s10654-012-9760-0
112. Larsson, S. C., Männistö, S., Virtanen, M. J., Kontto, J., Albanes, D., and Virtamo, J. (2009). Dairy foods and risk of stroke. Epidemiology 20, 355-360. doi: 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181935dd5
113. Lê, M. G., Moulton, L. H., Hill, C., and Kramar, A. (1986). Consumption of dairy produce and alcohol in a case-control study of breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 77, 633-636.
114. Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tezlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J., et al. (2009). The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. BMJ 339:b2700. doi: 10.1136/bmj.b2700
115. Lin, J., Zhang, S. M., Cook, N. R., Manson, J. E., Lee, I. M., and Buring, J. E. (2005). Intakes of calcium and vitamin D and risk of colorectal cancer in women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 161, 755-764. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwi101
116. Liu, S., Choi, H. K., Ford, E., Song, Y., Klevak, A., Buring, J. E., et al. (2006). A prospective study of dairy intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 29, 1579-1584. doi: 10.2337/dc06-0256
117. Lluch, A., Hanet-Geisen, N., Salah, S., Salas-Salvado, J., L'Heureux-Bouron, D., and Halford, J. C. G. (2010). Short-term appetite-reducing effects of a low-fat dairy product enriched with protein and fibre. Food Qual. Prefer. 21, 402-409. doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2009.10.001
118. Logan, C. M., McCaffrey, T. A., Wallace, J. M. W., Robson, P. J., Welch, R. W., Dunne, A., et al. (2006). Investigation of the medium-term effects of Olibra (TM) fat emulsion on food intake in non-obese subjects. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 1081-1091. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602422
119. Makino, S., Ikegami, S., Kume, A., Horiuchi, H., Sasaki, H., and Orii, N. (2010). Reducing the risk of infection in the elderly by dietary intake of yoghurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1. Br. J. Nutr. 104, 998-1006. doi: 10.1017/S000711451000173X
120. Margolis, K. L., Wei, F., de Boer, I. H., Howard, B. V., Liu, S., Manson, J. E., et al. (2011). A diet high in low-fat dairy products lowers diabetes risk in postmenopausal women. J. Nutr. 141, 1969-1974. doi: 10.3945/jn.111.143339
121. Martinez-Puig, D., Moller, I., Fernandez, C., and Chetrit, C. (2013). Efficacy of oral administration of yoghurt supplemented with a preparation containing hyaluronic acid (Mobilee) in adults with mild joint discomfort: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study. Med. J. Nutrition Metab. 6, 63-68. doi: 10.1007/s12349-012-0108-9
122. Masala, G., Bendinelli, B., Versari, D., Saieva, C., Ceroti, M., Santagiuliana, F., et al. (2008). Anthropometric and dietary determinants of blood pressure in over 7000 Mediterranean women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Florence cohort. J. Hypertens. 26, 2112-2120. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32830ef75c
123. Maslova, E., Halldorsson, T. I., Strøm, M., and Olsen, S. F. (2012). Low-fat yoghurt intake in pregnancy associated with increased child asthma and allergic rhinitis risk: a prospective cohort study. J. Nutr. Sci. 1:e5. doi: 10.1017/jns.2012.5
124. Massey, L. K. (1984). Effect of changing milk and yogurt consumption on human nutrient intake and serum lipoproteins. J. Dairy Sci. 67, 255-262. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81297-7
125. Matsumoto, M., Ishikawa, S., Nakamura, Y., Kayaba, K., and Kajii, E. (2007). Consumption of dairy products and cancer risks. J. Epidemiol. 17, 38-44. doi: 10.2188/jea.17.38
126. McNamara, D. J., Lowell, A. E., and Sabb, J. E. (1989). Effect of yogurt intake on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in normolipidemic males. Atherosclerosis 79, 167-171. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(89)90121-4
127. Meneton, P., Kesse-Guyot, E., Fezeu, L., Galan, P., Hercberg, S., and Menard, J. (2013). Distinctive unhealthy eating pattern in free-living middle-aged hypertensives when compared with dyslipidemic or overweight patients. J. Hypertens. 31, 1554-1563. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32836130f8
128. Mensah, M. O., and Otoo, G. E. (2013). Dairy product consumption and the nutritional status of preschool children in Accra, Ghana. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 63, 740. doi: 10.1159/000354245
129. Mensink, R. P., Ebbing, S., Lindhout, M., Plat, J., and van Heugten, M. M. (2002). Effects of plant stanol esters supplied in low-fat yoghurt on serum lipids and lipoproteins, non-cholesterol sterols and fat soluble antioxidant concentrations. Atherosclerosis 160, 205-213. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00562-7
130. Miyake, Y., Sasaki, S., Tanaka, K., and Hirota, Y. (2010). Dairy food, calcium and vitamin D intake in pregnancy, and wheeze and eczema in infants. Eur. Respir. J. 35, 1228-1234. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00100609
131. Miyake, Y., Tanaka, K., Fukushima, W., Sasaki, S., Kiyohara, C., Tsuboi, Y., et al. (2011). Lack of association of dairy food, calcium, and vitamin D intake with the risk of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in Japan. Parkinsonism Relat. Disord. 17, 112-116. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2010.11.018
132. Miyake, Y., Tanaka, K., Okubo, H., Sasaki, S., and Arakawa, M. (2012). Dairy food, calcium and vitamin D intake and prevalence of allergic disorders in pregnant Japanese women. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 16, 255-261. doi: 10.5588/ijtld.11.0173
133. Mommers, M., Schouten, L. J., Goldbohm, R. A., and van den Brandt, P. A. (2006). Dairy consumption and ovarian cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Br. J. Cancer 94, 165-170. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602890
134. Morina, D., Sola, R., Valls, R. M., Lopez de Frutos, V., Montero, M., Giralt, M., et al. (2013). Efficacy of a low-fat yogurt supplemented with a rooster comb extract on joint function in mild knee pain patients: a subject-level meta-analysis. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 63:1386. doi: 10.1159/000354245
135. Mossavar-Rahmani, Y., Garland, C. F., Caan, B., Herbert, J. R., Wodarski, L. A., Vitolins, M. Z., et al. (2002). Yogurt consumption is associated with healthy behavior in postmenopausal women. Clin. J. Womens. Health 2, 128-134. doi: 10.1053/cjwh.2002.130404
136. Motegi, K., Toyokawa, S., Nishikawa, H., Ohki, K., and Kano, K. (2001). An epidemiological study of the relationship between diet in the past and bone mineral density based on a survey of women aged 50 years and over in two public health centers, Ibaraki Prefecture. Jpn J. Health Hum. Ecol. 67, 116-126. doi: 10.3861/jshhe.67.116
137. Mozaffarian, D., Hao, T., Rimm, E. B., Willett, W. C., and Hu, F. B. (2011). Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 2392-2404. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1014296
138. Murphy, N., Norat, T., Ferrari, P., Jenab, M., Bueno-de-Mesquita, B., Skeie, G., et al. (2013). Consumption of dairy products and colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). PLoS ONE 8:e72715. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072715
139. Nakamura, T., Agata, K., Nishida, S., Shirasu, Y., and Iino, H. (2001). Effects of yogurt supplemented with brewer's yeast cell wall on intestinal environment and defecation in healthy female adults. Biosci. Microflora 20, 27-34. doi: 10.12938/bifidus1996.20.27
140. Nakamura, T., Hitomi, Y., Yoshida, M., Shirasu, Y., Tsukui, T., and Shimasaki, H. (2002). Effect of yogurt supplemented with brewer's yeast cell wall on levels of blood lipids in normal and hypercholesterolemic adults. J. Oleo Sci. 51, 323-334. doi: 10.5650/jos.51.323
141. Nakamura, T., Nishida, S., and Iino, H. (2000). Influence of fermented milk (yogurt) containing brewer's yeast cell wall at relatively low doses and over-ingestion on defecation and bowel movement in humans. Pharmacometrics 59, 57-63.
142. Nasrollahi, F., Haghani, H., and Nikpour, S. (2012). Life style factors related to women's osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 23:S386. doi: 10.1007/s00198-012-1928-7
143. Nazare, J. A., de la Perrière, A. B., Bonnet, F., Desage, M., Peyrat, J., Maitrepierre, C., et al. (2007). Daily intake of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched yoghurts: effects on energy metabolism and adipose tissue gene expression in healthy subjects. Br. J. Nutr. 97, 273-280. doi: 10.1017/S0007114507191911
144. Niittynen, L. H., Jauhiainen, T. A., Poussa, T. A., and Korpela, R. (2008). Effects of yoghurt enriched with free plant sterols on the levels of serum lipids and plant sterols in moderately hypercholesterolaemic subjects on a high-fat diet. Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr. 59, 357-367. doi: 10.1080/09637480701554137
145. Niv, M., Levy, W., and Greenstein, N. M. (1963). Yogurt in the treatment of infantile diarrhea. Clin. Pediatr. 2, 407-411.
146. Nobre, L. N., Bressan, J., Costa Sobrinho, P. D. S., Costa, N. M. B., Minin, V. P. R., and Cecon, P. R. (2006). Volume of light yogurt and subjective appetite sensations in normal-weight and overweight men. [Portuguese] Volume de iogurte light e sensacoes subjetivas do apetite de homens eutroficos e com excesso de peso. Revista de Nutricao 19, 591-600. doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732006000500007
147. O'Connor, L. M., Lentjes, M. A., Luben, R. N., Khaw, K. T., Wareham, N. J., and Forouhi, N. G. (2014). Dietary dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective study using dietary data from a 7-day food diary. Diabetologia 57, 909-917. doi: 10.1007/s00125-014-3176-1
148. O'Donovan, D., Feinle-Bisset, C., Wishart, J., and Horowitz, M. (2003). Lipase inhibition attenuates the acute inhibitory effects of oral fat on food intake in healthy subjects. Br. J. Nutr. 90, 849-852. doi: 10.1079/BJN2003971
149. Olivares, M., Paz Díaz-Ropero, M., Gómez, N., Sierra, S., Lara-Villoslada, F., Martín, R., et al. (2006). Dietary deprivation of fermented foods causes a fall in innate immune response. Lactic acid bacteria can counteract the immunological effect of this deprivation. J. Dairy Res. 73, 492-498. doi: 10.1017/S0022029906002068
150. Oosthuizen, W., Vorster, H. H., Vermaak, W. J., Smuts, C. M., Jerling, J. C., Veldman, F. J., et al. (1998). Lecithin has no effect on serum lipoprotein, plasma fibrinogen and macro molecular protein complex levels in hyperlipidaemic men in a double-blind controlled study. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 419-424. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600580
151. Ornelas, I. J., Galvan-Potrillo, M., and López-Carrillo, L. (2007). Protective effect of yoghurt consumption on Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in a Mexican population. Public Health Nutr. 10, 1283-1287. doi: 10.1017/S1368980007696372
152. Ortinau, L. C., Culp, J. M., Hoertel, H. A., Douglas, S. M., and Leidy, H. J. (2010). The effects of low vs. higher protein yogurt consumed as afternoon snacks on appetite control and time to dinner request in healthy women. FASEB J. 24:Abstract 820.34.
153. Ortinau, L. C., Culp, J. M., Hoertel, H. A., Douglas, S. M., and Leidy, H. J. (2012a). Comparison of a higher protein yogurt vs. other commonly consumed afternoon snacks on time to meal request. FASEB J. 26.
154. Ortinau, L. C., Culp, J. M., Hoertel, H. A., Douglas, S. M., and Leidy, H. J. (2012b). The effects of low vs. higher protein yogurt consumed as afternoon snacks on appetite control and time to dinner request in healthy women. FASEB J. 26.
155. Ortinau, L. C., Culp, J. M., Hoertel, H. A., Douglas, S. M., and Leidy, H. J. (2013). The effects of increased dietary protein yogurt snack in the afternoon on appetite control and eating initiation in healthy women. Nutr. J. 12:71. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-71
156. O'sullivan, T. A., Hafekost, K., Mitrou, F., and Lawrence, D. (2013). Food sources of saturated fat and the association with mortality: a meta-analysis. Am. J. Public Health 103, e31-e42. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301492
157. Pala, V., Sieri, S., Berrino, F., Vineis, P., Sacerdote, C., Palli, D., et al. (2011). Yogurt consumption and risk of colorectal cancer in the Italian European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort. Int. J. Cancer 129, 2712-2719. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26193
158. Park, Y., Mitrou, P. N., Kipnis, V., Hollenbeck, A., Schatzkin, A., and Leitzmann, M. F. (2007). Calcium, dairy foods, and risk of incident and fatal prostate cancer: the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 166, 1270-1279. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwm268
159. Pashapour, N., and Iou, S. G. (2006). Evaluation of yogurt effect on acute diarrhea in 6-24-month-old hospitalized infants. Turk. J. Pediatr. 48, 115-118.
160. Patro-Golab, B., Shamir, R., and Szajewska, H. (2015a). Yogurt for treating acute gastroenteritis in children: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr. 34, 818-824. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.004
161. Patro-Golab, B., Shamir, R., and Szajewska, H. (2015b). Yogurt for treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea: systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Nutr. 31, 796-800. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.11.013
162. Peters, R. K., Pike, M. C., Garabrant, D., and Mack, T. M. (1992). Diet and Colon Cancer in Los-Angeles County, California. Cancer Causes Control 3, 457-473. doi: 10.1007/BF00051359
163. Pilipenko, V. I., Burliaeva, E. A., Shakhovskaia, A. K., and Isakov, V. A. (2009). Efficacy of using inulin fortified fermented milk products in patients with functional constipation. Vopr. Pitan. 78, 56-61.
164. Pordeus Luna, R. C., de Oliveira, A. F., Torres Barbosa, F. P., Marinho Albuquerque, T., and de Moraes, R. M. (2011). Low habitual consumption of food sources of vitamin E in the child population. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz 70, 213-219.
165. Porkka, L., Salminen, E., and Salminen, S. (1988). The effects of lactulose-sweetened yogurt on the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal transit in healthy human volunteers. Zeitschrift fuer Ernaehrungswissenschaft 27, 150-154. doi: 10.1007/BF02024719
166. Pounis, G., Risvas, G., Farajian, P., Panagiotakos, D., and Zampelas, A. (2010). Evidence regarding high consumption of low-calorie foods among overweight and obese children in Greece. Obes. Rev. 11, 420. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00763-7.x
167. Radler, U., Stangl, H., Lechner, S., Lienbacher, G., Krepp, R., Zeller, E., et al. (2011). A combination of (-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and L-carnitine reduces the plasma lipid levels and increases the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and HepG2 cells. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 58, 133-140. doi: 10.1159/000327150
168. Radosavljevic, V., Jankovic, S., Marinkovic, J., and Djokic, M. (2003). Fluid intake and bladder cancer. A case control study. Neoplasma 50, 234-238.
169. Rafeey, M., Ostadrahimi, A., Boniadi, M., Ghorashi, Z., Alizadeh, M. M., and Hadafey, V. (2008). Lactobacillus acidophilus yogurt and supplement in children with acute diarrhea: a clinical trial. Res. J. Med. Sci 2, 13-18.
170. Ramezani Tehrani, F., Moslehi, N., Asghari, G., Gholami, R., Mirmiran, P., and Azizi, F. (2013). Intake of dairy products, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus in childhood and age at menarche in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. PLoS ONE 8:e57696. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057696
171. Ranasinghe, J. G. S., Gamlath, G., Samitha, S., and Abeygunawardena, A. S. (2007). Prophylactic use of yoghurt reduces antibiotic induced diarrhoea in children. Sri Lanka J. Child Health 36, 53-56.
172. Recio, I., Contreras, M., Gomez-Sala, B., Vazquez, C., Fernandez-Escribano, M., and Del Campo, R. (2011). Effect of a casein hydrolysate containing novel peptides in hypertensive subjects. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 58, 16-17. doi: 10.1159/000334393
173. Reyhani, M., Fahami, F., Mosharaf, S. H., and Tarkesh, N. (2012). The relationship between the amount of dairy products and animal proteins consumption and breast cancer in isfahani women. J. Zanjan Univ. Med. Sci. 20, 45-54.
174. Rodríguez-Artalejo, F., García, E. L., Gorgojo, L., Garcés, C., Royo, M. A., Martín Moreno, J. M., et al. (2003). Consumption of bakery products, sweetened soft drinks and yogurt among children aged 6-7 years: association with nutrient intake and overall diet quality. Br. J. Nutr. 89, 419-429. doi: 10.1079/BJN2002787
175. Rolls, B. J., Dimeo, K. A., and Shide, D. J. (1995). Age-related impairments in the regulation of food intake. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 62, 923-931.
176. Rolls, B. J., Kim, S., McNelis, A. L., Fischman, M. W., Foltin, R. W., and Moran, T. H. (1991). Time course of effects of preloads high in fat or carbohydrate on food intake and hunger ratings in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 260(4 Pt 2), R756-R763.
177. Rolls, B. J., Kim-Harris, S., Fischman, M. W., Foltin, R. W., Moran, T. H., and Stoner, S. A. (1994). Satiety after preloads with different amounts of fat and carbohydrate: implications for obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60, 476-487.
178. Ronco, A. L., De Stéfani, E., and Dáttoli, R. (2002). Dairy foods and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Montevideo, Uruguay. Eur. J. Cancer Prev. 11, 457-463. doi: 10.1097/00008469-200210000-00008
179. Rosado, J. L., Diaz, M., Gonzalez, K., Griffin, I., Abrams, S. A., and Preciado, R. (2005). The addition of milk or yogurt to a plant-based diet increases zinc bioavailability but does not affect iron bioavailability in women. J. Nutr. 135, 465-468.
180. Rossouw, J. E., Burger, E. M., Van der Vyver, P., and Ferreira, J. J. (1981). The effect of skim milk, yoghurt, and full cream milk on human serum lipids. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34, 351-356.
181. Rudkowska, I., AbuMweis, S. S., Nicolle, C., and Jones, P. J. (2008). Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of plant sterols in low-fat yogurt consumed as a snack or with a meal. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 27, 588-595. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2008.10719742
182. Rudkowska, I., AbuMweis, S. S., Nicolle, C., and Jones, P. J. H. (2007). Plant sterols consumed in low-fat yogurt as a snack lower cholesterol. FASEB J. 21, A156.
183. Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh, H., Elmadfa, I., Djazayery, A., Jalali, M., Heshmat, R., and Chamary, M. (2010). The effects of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on lipid profile in women. Br. J. Nutr. 103, 1778-1783. doi: 10.1017/S0007114509993801
184. Sahni, S., Tucker, K., Kiel, D., Quach, L., Casey, V., and Hannan, M. (2012). Positive association of dairy intake with bone mineral density (BMD) depends on vitamin d intake: the framingham original cohort. J. Bone Miner. Res. 27:Poster MO0322.
185. Sahni, S., Tucker, K. L., Kiel, D. P., Quach, L., Casey, V. A., and Hannan, M. T. (2013a). Milk and yogurt consumption are linked with higher bone mineral density but not with hip fracture: the Framingham Offspring Study. Arch. Osteoporos. 8:119. doi: 10.1007/s11657-013-0119-2
186. Sahni, S., Tucker, K. L., Kiel, D. P., Quach, L., Casey, V., and Hannan, M. T. (2013b). Effect of dairy intake on bone mineral density (BMD) is only beneficial with higher vitamin D (VitD) intakes: the framingham original cohort. FASEB J. 27:Abstract 106.5.
187. Sakauchi, F., Mori, M., Washio, M., Watanabe, Y., Ozasa, K., Hayashi, K., et al. (2004). Dietary habits and risk of urothelial cancer death in a large-scale cohort study (JACC Study) in Japan. Nutr. Cancer 50, 33-39. doi: 10.1207/s15327914nc5001_5
188. Salakidou, C., Kaffe, E., Burini, G., Tsinteris, V., and Moulas, A. N. (2012). Yogurt fortified with vitamin d: a study for bioavailability of vitamin D in a dairy product. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 60, 142. doi: 10.1159/000337881
189. Sazawal, S., Habib, A., Dhingra, U., Dutta, A., Dhingra, P., Sarkar, A., et al. (2013). Impact of micronutrient fortification of yoghurt on micronutrient status markers and growth-a randomized double blind controlled trial among school children in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health 13:514. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-514
190. Schusdziarra, V., Hausmann, M., Sassen, M., Kellner, M., Mittermeier, J., and Erdmann, J. (2011). Relationship between breakfast calories, daily energy intake and consumption of food items. [German] Beziehung zwischen Fruhstuckskalorien, taglicher Energieaufnahme und Lebensmittelverzehr. Aktuel. Ernahrungsmed. 36, 232-240. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1276868
191. Shannon, J., White, E., Shattuck, A. L., and Potter, J. D. (1996). Relationship of food groups and water intake to colon cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 5, 495-502.
192. Sluijs, I., Forouhi, N. G., Beulens, J. W., van der Schouw, Y. T., Agnoli, C., Arriola, L., et al. (2012). The amount and type of dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: results from the EPIC-InterAct Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 96, 382-390. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.021907
193. Smit, H. J., Keenan, E., Kovacs, E. M., Wiseman, S. A., Peters, H. P., Mela, D. J., et al. (2011). No efficacy of processed Fabuless (Olibra) in suppressing appetite or food intake. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 65, 81-86. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.187
194. Snijder, M. B., van der Heijden, A. A., van Dam, R. M., Stehouwer, C. D., Hiddink, G. J., Nijpels, G., et al. (2007). Is higher dairy consumption associated with lower body weight and fewer metabolic disturbances? The Hoorn Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 85, 989-995.
195. Soedamah-Muthu, S. S., Verberne, L. D., Ding, E. L., Engberink, M. F., and Geleijnse, J. M. (2012). Dairy consumption and incidence of hypertension: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Hypertension 60, 1131-1137. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.195206
196. Sorenson, A. W., Pfister, R., Smith, K., and Delhumeau, C. (2004). Identifying the role of milk and milk products on nutritional and health issues for adults fifty years of age and older. FASEB J. 18, Abst. 582.5.
197. Steffen, L. M., and Jacobs, D. R. (2003). Relation between dairy food intake and plasma lipid levels: the CARDIA Study. Aust. J. Dairy Technol. 58, 92-97.
198. Steffen, L. M., Kroenke, C. H., Yu, X., Pereira, M. A., Slattery, M. L., Van Horn, L., et al. (2005). Associations of plant food, dairy product, and meat intakes with 15-y incidence of elevated blood pressure in young black and white adults: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 82, 1169-1177; quiz 363-364.
199. Stritecka, H., and Hlubik, P. (2013). Effects of a fermented milk product enriched with protein and fibre to satiation and weight reduction. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 63, 436. doi: 10.1159/000354245
200. Sullivan, A. D. M. M. L., Murray, R. M., and Mackeigan, B. (1989). The effect of a whey-basserum cholesterol of adult males. Can Diet Assoc. 50, 233-237.
201. Tavani, A., Gallus, S., Negri, E., and La Vecchia, C. (2002). Milk, dairy products, and coronary heart disease. J. Epidemiol. Commun. Health 56, 471-472. doi: 10.1136/jech.56.6.471
202. Telgi, R. L., Yadav, V., Telgi, C. R., and Boppana, N. (2013). In vivo dental plaque pH after consumption of dairy products. Gen. Dent. 61, 56-59.
203. Teuri, U., and Korpela, R. (1998). Galacto-oligosaccharides relieve constipation in elderly people. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 42, 319-327. doi: 10.1159/000012751
204. Thomas, D. T., Wideman, L., and Lovelady, C. A. (2011). Effects of a dairy supplement and resistance training on lean mass and insulin-like growth factor in women. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 21, 181-188.
205. Thompson, L. U., Jenkins, D. J., Amer, M. A., Reichert, R., Jenkins, A., and Kamulsky, J. (1982). The effect of fermented and unfermented milks on serum cholesterol. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 36, 1106-1111.
206. Tong, X., Dong, J. Y., Wu, Z. W., Li, W., and Qin, L. Q. (2011). Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 65, 1027-1031. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.62
207. Trapp, C. L., Chang, C. C., Halpern, G. M., Keen, C. L., and Gershwin, M. E. (1993). The Influence of Chronic Yogurt Consumption on Populations of Young and Elderly Adults. Int. J. Immunother. 9, 53-64.
208. Trautwein, E. A., Doornbos, A. M., Meynen, E. M., and Duchateau, G. S. (2005). The cholesterol-lowering effect of a plant sterol ester enriched yoghurt single-shot drink consumed with or without a meal. FASEB J. 19 (4, Suppl. S, Pt 1), A416.
209. Trautwein, E. A., Noakes, M., Clifton, P. M., and Doornbos, A. M. (2004). Intake of plant sterol ester enriched milk and yoghurt effectively lowers plasma lipids in modestly hypercholesterolemic subjects. FASEB J. 18, Abst. 362.4.
210. Troy, L. M., Jacques, P. F., Vasan, R. S., and McKeown, N. M. (2010). Dairy intake not associated with metabolic syndrome but milk and yogurt intake is inversely associated with prevalence of hypertension in middle-aged adults. FASEB J. 24:Abstract 324.5.
211. Tsuchiya, A., Almiron-Roig, E., Lluch, A., Guyonnet, D., and Drewnowski, A. (2006). Higher satiety ratings following yogurt consumption relative to fruit drink or dairy fruit drink. J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 106, 550-557. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2006.01.004
212. Uenishi, K., and Nakamura, K. (2010). Intake of dairy products and bone ultrasound measurement in late adolescents: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Japan. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 19, 432-439.
213. Uenishi, T., Sugiura, H., Tanaka, T., and Uehara, M. (2008). Role of foods in irregular aggravation of skin lesions in children with atopic dermatitis. J. Dermatol. 35, 407-412. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2008.00494.x
214. Uenishi, T., Sugiura, H., and Uehara, M. (2004). The importance of foods in childhood atopic dermatitis: with special reference to cases with irregular aggravation of the disease. [Japanese]. Skin Res. 3(Suppl. 4), 93-97.
215. van der Zander, K., Bots, M. L., Bak, A. A., Koning, M. M., and de Leeuw, P. W. (2008). Enzymatically hydrolyzed lactotripeptides do not lower blood pressure in mildly hypertensive subjects. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88, 1697-1702. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26003
216. Vandewater, K., and Vickers, Z. (1996). Higher-protein foods produce greater sensory-specific satiety. Physiol. Behav. 59, 579-583. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(95)02113-2
217. van't Veer, P., Dekker, J. M., Lamers, J. W., Kok, F. J., Schouten, E. G., Brants, H. A., et al. (1989). Consumption of fermented milk products and breast cancer: a case-control study in The Netherlands. Cancer Res. 49, 4020-4023.
218. Vázquez Martínez, C., Alfred Konning, M., Yuste Grijalba, F. J., and Abraíra Santos, V. (2005). Application of GIQLI questionnaire to two groups of healthy yogurt consumers. Nutr. Hosp. 20, 420-428.
219. Vergnaud, A. C., Péneau, S., Chat-Yung, S., Kesse, E., Czernichow, S., Galan, P., et al. (2008). Dairy consumption and 6-y changes in body weight and waist circumference in middle-aged French adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 88, 1248-1255.
220. Vlajinac, H. D., Pekmezovic, T. D., Adanja, B. J., Marinkovic, J. M., Kanazir, M. S., Suvajdzic, N. D., et al. (2003). Case-control study of multiple myeloma with special reference to diet as risk factor. Neoplasma 50, 79-83.
221. Wang, H., Livingston, K. A., Fox, C. S., Meigs, J. B., and Jacques, P. F. (2013). Yogurt consumption is associated with better diet quality and metabolic profile in American men and women. Nutr. Res. 33, 18-26. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.11.009
222. Wang, H., Livingston, K. A., Meigs, J. B., and Jacques, P. F. (2012). Yogurt consumption, blood pressure, and incident hypertension: a longitudinal study in the framingham heart study. Hypertension 60:Abstract 188.
223. Wang, L., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., Lee, I. M., and Sesso, H. D. (2008). Dietary intake of dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D and the risk of hypertension in middle-aged and older women. Hypertension 51, 1073-1079. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.107821
224. White, K. M., Bauer, S. J., Hartz, K. K., and Baldridge, M. (2009). Changes in body composition with yogurt consumption during resistance training in women. Int. J. Sport Nutr. Exerc. Metab. 19, 18-33.
225. WHO. (2001). Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria. Geneva: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization.
226. WHO. (2006). Understanding The Codex Alimentarius. Rome.: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization.
227. Yae, J. H., Oh, Y. K., Joo, B. K., Lee, J. H., Jang, Y., Liponkoski, L., et al. (2005). Plant stanol esters in low-fat yogurt reduces total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in normocholesterolemic and mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects. Nutr. Res. 25, 743-753. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2005.08.004
228. Zandstra, E. H., Mathey, M. F., Graaf, C., and van Staveren, W. A. (2000). Short-term regulation of food intake in children, young adults and the elderly. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 54, 239-246. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600927
229. Zemel, M. B., Richards, J., Mathis, S., Milstead, A., Gebhardt, L., and Silva, E. (2005). Dairy augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects. Int. J. Obes. 29, 391-397. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802880
230. Zhang, Y., Zhang, W., Huang, Y., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Yan, K., et al. (2011). Study on diet habits and physical activity and blood pressure levels among Uygur, Han and Kazak children and adolescents. Int. J. Cardiol. 152:S59. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.08.662