HIV impairment of immune responses in dendritic cells

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

Volumn 762, Issue , 2013, Pages 201-238

  Ahmed, Zahra ^a   Czubala, Magdalena ^a   Blanchet, Fabien ^a   Piguet, Vincent ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF WALES   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; CD209 ANTIGEN; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5; GLYCOPROTEIN GP 120; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIBODY; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS VACCINE; INTERLEUKIN 10; LECTIN RECEPTOR; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; PARVOVIRUS VECTOR;

ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CYTOKINE RELEASE; DENDRITIC CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1 INFECTION; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE EVASION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOREGULATION; INTERFERON PRODUCTION; INTERNALIZATION; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; MYELOID DENDRITIC CELL; NONHUMAN; PLASMACYTOID DENDRITIC CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TH17 CELL; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION; VIRUS ENTRY; VIRUS ENVELOPE; VIRUS PATHOGENESIS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

DENDRITIC CELLS; HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNOLOGICAL SYNAPSES;

EID: 84869050051     PISSN: 00652598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6-8     Document Type: Article

References (301)

1. Anand AR, Prasad A, Bradley RR, Deol YS, Nagaraja T, Ren X, Terwilliger EF, Ganju RK (2009) HIV-1 gp120-induced migration of dendritic cells is regulated by a novel kinase cascade involving Pyk2, p38 MAP kinase, and LSP1. Blood 114(17):3588-3600
2. Andersson J, Boasso A, Nilsson J, Zhang R, Shire NJ, Lindback S, Shearer GM, Chougnet CA (2005) The prevalence of regulatory T cells in lymphoid tissue is correlated with viral load in HIV-infected patients. J Immunol 174(6):3143-3147 (Pubitemid 40354012)
3. Anthony DD, Yonkers NL, Post AB, Asaad R, Heinzel FP, Lederman MM, Lehmann PV, Valdez H (2004) Selective impairments in dendritic cell-associated function distinguish hepatitis C virus and HIV infection. J Immunol 172(8):4907-4916 (Pubitemid 38456415)
4. Appelmelk BJ, Van Die I, Van Vliet SJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Geijtenbeek TB, Van Kooyk Y (2003) Cutting edge: carbohydrate pro fi ling identi fi es new pathogens that interact with dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin on dendritic cells. J Immunol 170(4): 1635-1639 (Pubitemid 36197376)
5. Arrighi JF, Pion M, Garcia E, Escola JM, Van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TB, Piguet V (2004a) DC-SIGN-mediated infectious synapse formation enhances X4 HIV-1 transmission from dendritic cells to T cells. J Exp Med 200(10):1279-1288 (Pubitemid 39552569)
6. Arrighi JF, Pion M, Wiznerowicz M, Geijtenbeek TB, Garcia E, Abraham S, Leuba F, Dutoit V, Ducrey-Rundquist O, Van Kooyk Y, Trono D, Piguet V (2004b) Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of DC-SIGN expression inhibits human immunodeficiency virus transmission from dendritic cells to T cells. J Virol 78(20):10848-10855 (Pubitemid 39299625)
7. Ashwell G, Harford J (1982) Carbohydrate-specific receptors of the liver. Annu Rev Biochem 51:531-554
8. Ayehunie S, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Hoxie JA, Horuk R, Kupper TS, Luster AD, Ruprecht RM (1997) Human immunodeficiency virus-1 entry into puri fi ed blood dendritic cells through CC and CXC chemokine coreceptors. Blood 90(4):1379-1386 (Pubitemid 27355409)
9. Balazs AB, Chen J, Hong CM, Rao DS, Yang L, Baltimore D (2012) Antibody-based protection against HIV infection by vectored immunoprophylaxis. Nature 481(7379):81-84
10. Banchereau J, Briere F, Caux C, Davoust J, Lebecque S, Liu YJ, Pulendran B, Palucka K (2000) Immunobiology of dendritic cells. Annu Rev Immunol 18:767-811 (Pubitemid 30365397)
11. Banchereau J, Paczesny S, Blanco P, Bennett L, Pascual V, Fay J, Palucka AK (2003) Dendritic cells: controllers of the immune system and a new promise for immunotherapy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 987:180-187 (Pubitemid 36584021)
12. Banerjee K, Andjelic S, Klasse PJ, Kang Y, Sanders RW, Michael E, Durso RJ, Ketas TJ, Olson WC, Moore JP (2009) Enzymatic removal of mannose moieties can increase the immune response to HIV-1 gp120 in vivo. Virology 389(1-2):108-121
13. Barratt-Boyes SM, Zimmer MI, Harshyne L (2002) Changes in dendritic cell migration and activation during SIV infection suggest a role in initial viral spread and eventual immunosuppression. J Med Primatol 31(4-5):186-193
14. Beignon AS, McKenna K, Skoberne M, Manches O, DaSilva I, Kavanagh DG, Larsson M, Gorelick RJ, Lifson JD, Bhardwaj N (2005) Endocytosis of HIV-1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells via Toll-like receptor-viral RNA interactions. J Clin Invest 115(11):3265-3275 (Pubitemid 41567591)
15. Belsito DV, Sanchez MR, Baer RL, Valentine F, Thorbecke GJ (1984) Reduced Langerhans' cell Ia antigen and ATPase activity in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 310(20):1279-1282 (Pubitemid 14138759)
16. Berger G, Durand S, Fargier G, Nguyen XN, Cordeil S, Bouaziz S, Muriaux D, Darlix JL, Cimarelli A (2011) APOBEC3A is a specific inhibitor of the early phases of HIV-1 infection in myeloid cells. PLoS Pathog 7(9):e1002221
17. Berlier W, Cremel M, Hamzeh H, Levy R, Lucht F, Bourlet T, Pozzetto B, Delezay O (2006) Seminal plasma promotes the attraction of Langerhans cells via the secretion of CCL20 by vaginal epithelial cells: involvement in the sexual transmission of HIV. Hum Reprod 21(5): 1135-1142
18. Bhoopat L, Eiangleng L, Rugpao S, Frankel SS, Weissman D, Lekawanvijit S, Petchjom S, Thorner P, Bhoopat T (2001) In vivo Identification of Langerhans and related dendritic cells infected with HIV-1 subtype E in vaginal mucosa of asymptomatic patients. Mod Pathol 14(12):1263-1269 (Pubitemid 33151169)
19. Bishop KN, Holmes RK, Sheehy AM, Malim MH (2004) APOBEC-mediated editing of viral RNA. Science 305(5684):645 (Pubitemid 39006746)
20. Blanchet FP, Piguet V (2010) Immunoamphisomes in dendritic cells amplify TLR signaling and enhance exogenous antigen presentation on MHC-II. Autophagy 6(6):816-818
21. Blanchet FP, Moris A, Nikolic DS, Lehmann M, Cardinaud S, Stalder R, Garcia E, Dinkins C, Leuba F, Wu L, Schwartz O, Deretic V, Piguet V (2010) Human immunodeficiency virus-1 inhibition of immunoamphisomes in dendritic cells impairs early innate and adaptive immune responses. Immunity 32(5):654-669
22. Blanchet F, Moris A, Mitchell JP, Piguet V (2011) A look at HIV journey: from dendritic cells to infection spread in CD4 T cells. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 6(5):391-397
23. Blauvelt A, Asada H, Saville MW, Klaus-Kovtun V, Altman DJ, Yarchoan R, Katz SI (1997) Productive infection of dendritic cells by HIV-1 and their ability to capture virus are mediated through separate pathways. J Clin Invest 100(8):2043-2053 (Pubitemid 27459359)
24. Boasso A, Herbeuval JP, Hardy AW, Anderson SA, Dolan MJ, Fuchs D, Shearer GM (2007) HIV inhibits CD4+ T-cell proliferation by inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Blood 109(8):3351-3359 (Pubitemid 46572523)
25. Boggiano C, Manel N, Littman DR (2007) Dendritic cell-mediated trans-enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectivity is independent of DC-SIGN. J Virol 81(5):2519-2523
26. Bomsel M, Tudor D, Drillet AS, Alfsen A, Ganor Y, Roger MG, Mouz N, Amacker M, Chalifour A, Diomede L, Devillier G, Cong Z, Wei Q, Gao H, Qin C, Yang GB, Zurbriggen R, Lopalco L, Fleury S (2011) Immunization with HIV-1 gp41 subunit virosomes induces mucosal antibodies protecting nonhuman primates against vaginal SHIV challenges. Immunity 34(2):269-280
27. Bonifaz L, Bonnyay D, Mahnke K, Rivera M, Nussenzweig MC, Steinman RM (2002) Efficient targeting of protein antigen to the dendritic cell receptor DEC-205 in the steady state leads to antigen presentation on major histocompatibility complex class I products and peripheral CD8+ T cell tolerance. J Exp Med 196(12):1627-1638 (Pubitemid 36026474)
28. Bouhlal H, Chomont N, Requena M, Nasreddine N, Saidi H, Legoff J, Kazatchkine MD, Belec L, Hocini H (2007) Opsonization of HIV with complement enhances infection of dendritic cells and viral transfer to CD4 T cells in a CR3 and DC-SIGN-dependent manner. J Immunol 178(2): 1086-1095 (Pubitemid 46095182)
29. Bozzacco L, Trumpfheller C, Siegal FP, Mehandru S, Markowitz M, Carrington M, Nussenzweig MC, Piperno AG, Steinman RM (2007) DEC-205 receptor on dendritic cells mediates presentation of HIV gag protein to CD8+ T cells in a spectrum of human MHC I haplotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104(4):1289-1294 (Pubitemid 46183997)
30. Brenchley JM, Price DA, Schacker TW, Asher TE, Silvestri G, Rao S, Kazzaz Z, Bornstein E, Lambotte O, Altmann D, Blazar BR, Rodriguez B, Teixeira-Johnson L, Landay A, Martin JN, Hecht FM, Picker LJ, Lederman MM, Deeks SG, Douek DC (2006) Microbial translocation is a cause of systemic immune activation in chronic HIV infection. Nat Med 12(12):1365-1371 (Pubitemid 44924494)
31. Burleigh L, Lozach PY, Schiffer C, Staropoli I, Pezo V, Porrot F, Canque B, Virelizier JL, Arenzana- Seisdedos F, Amara A (2006) Infection of dendritic cells (DCs), not DC-SIGN-mediated internalization of human immunodeficiency virus, is required for long-term transfer of virus to T cells. J Virol 80(6):2949-2957 (Pubitemid 43346390)
32. Cambi A, Figdor CG (2003) Dual function of C-type lectin-like receptors in the immune system. Curr Opin Cell Biol 15(5):539-546 (Pubitemid 37176962)
33. Cambi A, Figdor CG (2005) Levels of complexity in pathogen recognition by C-type lectins. Curr Opin Immunol 17(4):345-351 (Pubitemid 40848535)
34. Cameron PU, Freudenthal PS, Barker JM, Gezelter S, Inaba K, Steinman RM (1992) Dendritic cells exposed to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transmit a vigorous cytopathic infection to CD4+ T cells. Science 257(5068):383-387
35. Cameron PU, Lowe MG, Crowe SM, O'Doherty U, Pope M, Gezelter S, Steinman RM (1994) Susceptibility of dendritic cells to HIV-1 infection in vitro. J Leukoc Biol 56(3):257-265 (Pubitemid 24295792)
36. Canque B, Bakri Y, Camus S, Yagello M, Benjouad A, Gluckman JC (1999) The susceptibility to X4 and R5 human immunodeficiency virus-1 strains of dendritic cells derived in vitro from CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells is primarily determined by their maturation stage. Blood 93(11):3866-3875 (Pubitemid 29249835)
37. Caparros E, Munoz P, Sierra-Filardi E, Serrano-Gomez D, Puig-Kroger A, Rodriguez-Fernandez JL, Mellado M, Sancho J, Zubiaur M, Corbi AL (2006) DC-SIGN ligation on dendritic cells results in ERK and PI3K activation and modulates cytokine production. Blood 107(10):3950-3958 (Pubitemid 43726801)
38. Casartelli N, Guivel-Benhassine F, Bouziat R, Brandler S, Schwartz O, Moris A (2010) The antiviral factor APOBEC3G improves CTL recognition of cultured HIV-infected T cells. J Exp Med 207(1):39-49
39. Cavaleiro R, Baptista AP, Foxall RB, Victorino RM, Sousa AE (2009) Dendritic cell differentiation and maturation in the presence of HIV type 2 envelope. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 25(4): 425-431
40. Cavrois M, Neidleman J, Kreisberg JF, Fenard D, Callebaut C, Greene WC (2006) Human immunodeficiency virus fusion to dendritic cells declines as cells mature. J Virol 80(4): 1992-1999 (Pubitemid 43228739)
41. Cavrois M, Neidleman J, Kreisberg JF, Greene WC (2007) In vitro derived dendritic cells trans-infect CD4 T cells primarily with surface-bound HIV-1 virions. PLoS Pathog 3(1):e4
42. Cella M, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A (1997) Origin, maturation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells. Curr Opin Immunol 9(1):10-16 (Pubitemid 27095893)
43. Cella M, Jarrossay D, Facchetti F, Alebardi O, Nakajima H, Lanzavecchia A, Colonna M (1999) Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to in fl amed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type I interferon. Nat Med 5(8):919-923 (Pubitemid 29372419)
44. Chatwell L, Holla A, Kaufer BB, Skerra A (2008) The carbohydrate recognition domain of Langerin reveals high structural similarity with the one of DC-SIGN but an additional, calcium- independent sugar-binding site. Mol Immunol 45(7):1981-1994 (Pubitemid 351226273)
45. Chehimi J, Prakash K, Shanmugam V, Jackson SJ, Bandyopadhyay S, Starr SE (1993) In-vitro infection of peripheral blood dendritic cells with human immunodeficiency virus-1 causes impairment of accessory functions. Adv Exp Med Biol 329:521-526 (Pubitemid 23199678)
46. Cheong C, Choi JH, Vitale L, He LZ, Trumpfheller C, Bozzacco L, Do Y, Nchinda G, Park SH, Dandamudi DB, Shrestha E, Pack M, Lee HW, Keler T, Steinman RM, Park CG (2010) Improved cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo following targeting of HIV Gag to dendritic cells within human anti-human DEC205 monoclonal antibody. Blood 116(19):3828-3838
47. Choi YK, Fallert BA, Murphey-Corb MA, Reinhart TA (2003a) Simian immunodeficiency virus dramatically alters expression of homeostatic chemokines and dendritic cell markers during infection in vivo. Blood 101(5):1684-1691 (Pubitemid 36237560)
48. Choi YK, Whelton KM, Mlechick B, Murphey-Corb MA, Reinhart TA (2003b) Productive infection of dendritic cells by simian immunodeficiency virus in macaque intestinal tissues. J Pathol 201(4):616-628 (Pubitemid 38256412)
49. Chung NP, Breun SK, Bashirova A, Baumann JG, Martin TD, Karamchandani JM, Rausch JW, Le Grice SF, Wu L, Carrington M, Kewalramani VN (2010) HIV-1 transmission by dendritic cellspecific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) is regulated by determinants in the carbohydrate recognition domain that are absent in liver/lymph node-SIGN (L-SIGN). J Biol Chem 285(3):2100-2112
50. Clerici M, Hakim FT, Venzon DJ, Blatt S, Hendrix CW, Wynn TA, Shearer GM (1993) Changes in interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 production in asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virusseropositive individuals. J Clin Invest 91(3):759-765 (Pubitemid 23095247)
51. Coleman CM, Spearman P, Wu L (2011) Tetherin does not signi fi cantly restrict dendritic cellmediated HIV-1 transmission and its expression is upregulated by newly synthesized HIV-1 Nef. Retrovirology 8:26
52. Conry SJ, Milkovich KA, Yonkers NL, Rodriguez B, Bernstein HB, Asaad R, Heinzel FP, Tary- Lehmann M, Lederman MM, Anthony DD (2009) Impaired plasmacytoid dendritic cell (PDC)-NK cell activity in viremic human immunodeficiency virus infection attributable to impairments in both PDC and NK cell function. J Virol 83(21):11175-11187
53. Cremel M, Berlier W, Hamzeh H, Cognasse F, Lawrence P, Genin C, Bernengo JC, Lambert C, Dieu-Nosjean MC, Delezay O (2005) Characterization of CCL20 secretion by human epithelial vaginal cells: involvement in Langerhans cell precursor attraction. J Leukoc Biol 78(1): 158-166 (Pubitemid 40979954)
54. Cunningham AL, Harman AN, Donaghy H (2007) DC-SIGN 'AIDS' HIV immune evasion and infection. Nat Immunol 8(6):556-558 (Pubitemid 46785117)
55. Dakappagari N, Maruyama T, Renshaw M, Tacken P, Figdor C, Torensma R, Wild MA, Wu D, Bowdish K, Kretz-Rommel A (2006) Internalizing antibodies to the C-type lectins, L-SIGN and DC-SIGN, inhibit viral glycoprotein binding and deliver antigen to human dendritic cells for the induction of T cell responses. J Immunol 176(1):426-440 (Pubitemid 43023289)
56. Daly LM, Johnson PA, Donnelly G, Nicolson C, Robertson J, Mills KH (2005) Innate IL-10 promotes the induction of Th2 responses with plasmid DNA expressing HIV gp120. Vaccine 23(7):963-974 (Pubitemid 39643186)
57. Day CL, Kaufmann DE, Kiepiela P, Brown JA, Moodley ES, Reddy S, Mackey EW, Miller JD, Leslie AJ, DePierres C, Mncube Z, Duraiswamy J, Zhu B, Eichbaum Q, Altfeld M, Wherry EJ, Coovadia HM, Goulder PJ, Klenerman P, Ahmed R, Freeman GJ, Walker BD (2006) PD-1 expression on HIV-specific T cells is associated with T-cell exhaustion and disease progression. Nature 443(7109):350-354 (Pubitemid 44435155)
58. De Jong M.A., Geijtenbeek TB (2010) Langerhans cells in innate defense against pathogens. Trends Immunol 31(12):452-459
59. De Jong M.A., de Witte L, Oudhoff MJ, Gringhuis SI, Gallay P, Geijtenbeek TB (2008) TNF-alpha and TLR agonists increase susceptibility to HIV-1 transmission by human Langerhans cells ex vivo. J Clin Invest 118(10):3440-3452
60. De Jong M.A., de Witte L, Taylor ME, Geijtenbeek TB (2010) Herpes simplex virus type 2 enhances HIV-1 susceptibility by affecting Langerhans cell function. J Immunol 185(3):1633-1641
61. de Witte L, Nabatov A, Pion M, Fluitsma D, De Jong M.A., de Gruijl T, Piguet V, Van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TB (2007) Langerin is a natural barrier to HIV-1 transmission by Langerhans cells. Nat Med 13(3):367-371 (Pubitemid 46376681)
62. Dengjel J, Schoor O, Fischer R, Reich M, Kraus M, Muller M, Kreymborg K, Altenberend F, Brandenburg J, Kalbacher H, Brock R, Driessen C, Rammensee HG, Stevanovic S (2005) Autophagy promotes MHC class II presentation of peptides from intracellular source proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102(22):7922-7927 (Pubitemid 40781039)
63. Deter RL, De Duve C (1967) Influence of glucagon, an inducer of cellular autophagy, on some physical properties of rat liver lysosomes. J Cell Biol 33(2):437-449
64. Deter RL, Baudhuin P, De Duve C (1967) Participation of lysosomes in cellular autophagy induced in rat liver by glucagon. J Cell Biol 35(2):C11-C16
65. Donaghy H, Pozniak A, Gazzard B, Qazi N, Gilmour J, Gotch F, Patterson S (2001) Loss of blood CD11c(+) myeloid and CD11c(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with HIV-1 infection correlates with HIV-1 RNA virus load. Blood 98(8):2574-2576
66. Donaghy H, Gazzard B, Gotch F, Patterson S (2003) Dysfunction and infection of freshly isolated blood myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients infected with HIV-1. Blood 101(11):4505-4511 (Pubitemid 36857821)
67. Dusserre N, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Mallet F, Delorme P, Philit F, Ebersold A, Desgranges C, Thivolet J, Schmitt D (1992) In vitro HIV-1 entry and replication in Langerhans cells may clarify the HIV-1 genome detection by PCR in epidermis of seropositive patients. J Invest Dermatol 99(5):99S-102S
68. Eales LJ, Farrant J, Helbert M, Pinching AJ (1988) Peripheral blood dendritic cells in persons with AIDS and AIDS related complex: loss of high intensity class II antigen expression and function. Clin Exp Immunol 71(3):423-427 (Pubitemid 18079377)
69. Engering A, Geijtenbeek TB, Van Vliet SJ, Wijers M, Van Liempt E, Demaurex N, Lanzavecchia A, Fransen J, Figdor CG, Piguet V, Van Kooyk Y (2002) The dendritic cell-specific adhesion receptor DC-SIGN internalizes antigen for presentation to T cells. J Immunol 168(5): 2118-2126 (Pubitemid 34171810)
70. Enose Y, Ibuki K, Tamaru K, Ui M, Kuwata T, Shimada T, Hayami M (1999) Replication capacity of simian immunodeficiency virus in cultured macaque macrophages and dendritic cells is not prerequisite for intravaginal transmission of the virus in macaques. J Gen Virol 80(Pt 4):847-855 (Pubitemid 29179043)
71. Epple HJ, Loddenkemper C, Kunkel D, Troger H, Maul J, Moos V, Berg E, Ullrich R, Schulzke JD, Stein H, Duchmann R, Zeitz M, Schneider T (2006) Mucosal but not peripheral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells are highly increased in untreated HIV infection and normalize after suppressive HAART. Blood 108(9):3072-3078
72. Espert L, Denizot M, Grimaldi M, Robert-Hebmann V, Gay B, Varbanov M, Codogno P, Biard- Piechaczyk M (2006) Autophagy is involved in T cell death after binding of HIV-1 envelope proteins to CXCR4. J Clin Invest 116(8):2161-2172 (Pubitemid 44162325)
73. Espert L, Varbanov M, Robert-Hebmann V, Sagnier S, Robbins I, Sanchez F, Lafont V, Biard- Piechaczyk M (2009) Differential role of autophagy in CD4 T cells and macrophages during X4 and R5 HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 4(6):e5787
74. Fahrbach KM, Barry SM, Ayehunie S, Lamore S, Klausner M, Hope TJ (2007) Activated CD34- derived Langerhans cells mediate transinfection with human immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 81(13):6858-6868 (Pubitemid 46986622)
75. Fantuzzi L, Puri fi cato C, Donato K, Belardelli F, Gessani S (2004) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 induces abnormal maturation and functional alterations of dendritic cells: a novel mechanism for AIDS pathogenesis. J Virol 78(18):9763-9772 (Pubitemid 39187094)
76. Favre D, Mold J, Hunt PW, Kanwar B, Loke P, Seu L, Barbour JD, Lowe MM, Jayawardene A, Aweeka F, Huang Y, Douek DC, Brenchley JM, Martin JN, Hecht FM, Deeks SG, McCune JM (2010) Tryptophan catabolism by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 alters the balance of TH17 to regulatory T cells in HIV disease. Sci Transl Med 2(32):32ra36
77. Feinberg H, Taylor ME, Razi N, McBride R, Knirel YA, Graham SA, Drickamer K, Weis WI (2011) Structural basis for langerin recognition of diverse pathogen and mammalian glycans through a single binding site. J Mol Biol 405(4):1027-1039
78. Feldman S, Stein D, Amrute S, Denny T, Garcia Z, Kloser P, Sun Y, Megjugorac N, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P (2001) Decreased interferon-alpha production in HIV-infected patients correlates with numerical and functional de fi ciencies in circulating type 2 dendritic cell precursors. Clin Immunol 101(2):201-210
79. Felts RL, Narayan K, Estes JD, Shi D, Trubey CM, Fu J, Hartnell LM, Ruthel GT, Schneider DK, Nagashima K, Bess JW Jr, Bavari S, Lowekamp BC, Bliss D, Lifson JD, Subramaniam S (2011) 3D visualization of HIV transfer at the virological synapse between dendritic cells and T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(30):13336-13341
80. Figdor CG, Van Kooyk Y, Adema GJ (2002) C-type lectin receptors on dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. Nat Rev Immunol 2(2):77-84 (Pubitemid 37323231)
81. Flynn NM, Forthal DN, Harro CD, Judson FN, Mayer KH, Para MF (2005) Placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of a recombinant glycoprotein 120 vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 191(5):654-665
82. Flynn BJ, Kastenmuller K, Wille-Reece U, Tomaras GD, Alam M, Lindsay RW, Salazar AM, Perdiguero B, Gomez CE, Wagner R, Esteban M, Park CG, Trumpfheller C, Keler T, Pantaleo G, Steinman RM, Seder R (2011) Immunization with HIV Gag targeted to dendritic cells followed by recombinant New York vaccinia virus induces robust T-cell immunity in nonhuman primates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108(17):7131-7136
83. Fong L, Mengozzi M, Abbey NW, Herndier BG, Engleman EG (2002) Productive infection of plasmacytoid dendritic cells with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is triggered by CD40 ligation. J Virol 76(21):11033-11041 (Pubitemid 35176220)
84. Fonteneau JF, Larsson M, Beignon AS, McKenna K, Dasilva I, Amara A, Liu YJ, Lifson JD, Littman DR, Bhardwaj N (2004) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells and concomitantly induces the bystander maturation of myeloid dendritic cells. J Virol 78(10):5223-5232 (Pubitemid 38581474)
85. Fontenot D, He H, Hanabuchi S, Nehete PN, Zhang M, Chang M, Nehete B, Wang YH, Ma ZM, Lee HC, Ziegler SF, Courtney AN, Miller CJ, Sun SC, Liu YJ, Sastry KJ (2009) TSLP production by epithelial cells exposed to immunodeficiency virus triggers DC-mediated mucosal infection of CD4+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106(39):16776-16781
86. Frank I, Stossel H, Gettie A, Turville SG, Bess JW Jr, Lifson JD, Sivin I, Romani N, Robbiani M (2008) A fusion inhibitor prevents spread of immunodeficiency viruses, but not activation of virus-specific T cells, by dendritic cells. J Virol 82(11):5329-5339 (Pubitemid 351705240)
87. Frankel SS, Wenig BM, Burke AP, Mannan P, Thompson LD, Abbondanzo SL, Nelson AM, Pope M, Steinman RM (1996) Replication of HIV-1 in dendritic cell-derived syncytia at the mucosal surface of the adenoid. Science 272(5258):115-117 (Pubitemid 26110764)
88. Gagliardi MC, Teloni R, Giannoni F, Pardini M, Sargentini V, Brunori L, Fattorini L, Nisini R (2005) Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infects DC-SIGN- dendritic cell and causes the inhibition of IL-12 and the enhancement of IL-10 production. J Leukoc Biol 78(1):106-113 (Pubitemid 40979949)
89. Ganesh L, Leung K, Lore K, Levin R, Panet A, Schwartz O, Koup RA, Nabel GJ (2004) Infection of specific dendritic cells by CCR5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promotes cell-mediated transmission of virus resistant to broadly neutralizing antibodies. J Virol 78(21): 11980-11987 (Pubitemid 39390783)
90. Garcia E, Pion M, Pelchen-Matthews A, Collinson L, Arrighi JF, Blot G, Leuba F, Escola JM, Demaurex N, Marsh M, Piguet V (2005) HIV-1 trafficking to the dendritic cell-T-cell infec tious synapse uses a pathway of tetraspanin sorting to the immunological synapse. Traffic 6(6): 488-501 (Pubitemid 40740388)
91. Garcia E, Nikolic DS, Piguet V (2008) HIV-1 replication in dendritic cells occurs through a tetraspanin- containing compartment enriched in AP-3. Traffic 9(2):200-214
92. Geijtenbeek TB, Van Kooyk Y (2003) DC-SIGN: a novel HIV receptor on DCs that mediates HIV-1 transmission. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 276:31-54 (Pubitemid 36538346)
93. Geijtenbeek TB, Kwon DS, Torensma R, Van Vliet SJ, Van Duijnhoven GC, Middel J, Cornelissen IL, Nottet HS, KewalRamani VN, Littman DR, Figdor CG, Van Kooyk Y (2000a) DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1-binding protein that enhances trans-infection of T cells. Cell 100(5):587-597
94. Geijtenbeek TB, Torensma R, Van Vliet SJ, Van Duijnhoven GC, Adema GJ, Van Kooyk Y, Figdor CG (2000b) Identification of DC-SIGN, a novel dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3 receptor that supports primary immune responses. Cell 100(5):575-585
95. Geijtenbeek TB, Van Duijnhoven GC, Van Vliet SJ, Krieger E, Vriend G, Figdor CG, Van Kooyk Y (2002) Identification of different binding sites in the dendritic cell-specific receptor DC-SIGN for intercellular adhesion molecule 3 and HIV-1. J Biol Chem 277(13):11314-11320 (Pubitemid 34952896)
96. Geijtenbeek TB, Van Vliet SJ, Koppel EA, Sanchez-Hernandez M, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, Appelmelk B, Van Kooyk Y (2003) Mycobacteria target DC-SIGN to suppress dendritic cell function. J Exp Med 197(1):7-17 (Pubitemid 36110253)
97. Gilbert C, Barat C, Cantin R, Tremblay MJ (2007) Involvement of Src and Syk tyrosine kinases in HIV-1 transfer from dendritic cells to CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Immunol 178(5):2862-2871 (Pubitemid 46333164)
98. Gilliet M, Cao W, Liu YJ (2008) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells: sensing nucleic acids in viral infection and autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 8(8):594-606
99. Girolomoni G, Valle MT, Zacchi V, Costa MG, Giannetti A, Manca F (1995) Human epidermal Langerhans cells Efficiently present HIV-1 antigens to specific T cell lines. Adv Exp Med Biol 378:473-475
100. Girolomoni G, Valle MT, Zacchi V, Costa MG, Giannetti A, Manca F (1996) Cultured human Langerhans' cells are superior to fresh cells at presenting native HIV-1 protein antigens to specific CD4+ T-cell lines. Immunology 87(2):310-316 (Pubitemid 26057924)
101. Goldstone DC, Ennis-Adeniran V, Hedden JJ, Groom HC, Rice GI, Christodoulou E, Walker PA, Kelly G, Haire LF, Yap MW, de Carvalho LP, Stoye JP, Crow YJ, Taylor IA, Webb M (2011) HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase. Nature 480(7377):379-382
102. Goujon C, Jarrosson-Wuilleme L, Bernaud J, Rigal D, Darlix JL, Cimarelli A (2003) Heterologous human immunodeficiency virus type 1 lentiviral vectors packaging a simian immunodeficiency virus-derived genome display a specific postentry transduction defect in dendritic cells. J Virol 77(17):9295-9304 (Pubitemid 37011026)
103. Goujon C, Jarrosson-Wuilleme L, Bernaud J, Rigal D, Darlix JL, Cimarelli A (2006) With a little help from a friend: increasing HIV transduction of monocyte-derived dendritic cells with virion-like particles of SIV(MAC). Gene Ther 13(12):991-994 (Pubitemid 43827341)
104. Granelli-Piperno A, Moser B, Pope M, Chen D, Wei Y, Isdell F, O'Doherty U, Paxton W, Koup R, Mojsov S, Bhardwaj N, Clark-Lewis I, Baggiolini M, Steinman RM (1996) Efficient interaction of HIV-1 with puri fi ed dendritic cells via multiple chemokine coreceptors. J Exp Med 184(6):2433-2438 (Pubitemid 27023745)
105. Granelli-Piperno A, Delgado E, Finkel V, Paxton W, Steinman RM (1998) Immature dendritic cells selectively replicate macrophagetropic (M-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus type 1, while mature cells Efficiently transmit both M- and T-tropic virus to T cells. J Virol 72(4): 2733-2737 (Pubitemid 28175508)
106. Granelli-Piperno A, Finkel V, Delgado E, Steinman RM (1999) Virus replication begins in dendritic cells during the transmission of HIV-1 from mature dendritic cells to T cells. Curr Biol 9(1):21-29 (Pubitemid 29045791)
107. Granelli-Piperno A, Golebiowska A, Trumpfheller C, Siegal FP, Steinman RM (2004) HIV-1- infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells do not undergo maturation but can elicit IL-10 production and T cell regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(20):7669-7674 (Pubitemid 38658087)
108. Granelli-Piperno A, Pritsker A, Pack M, Shimeliovich I, Arrighi JF, Park CG, Trumpfheller C, Piguet V, Moran TM, Steinman RM (2005) Dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin/CD209 is abundant on macrophages in the normal human lymph node and is not required for dendritic cell stimulation of the mixed leukocyte reaction. J Immunol 175(7):4265-4273 (Pubitemid 41361960)
109. Grassi F, Hosmalin A, McIlroy D, Calvez V, Debre P, Autran B (1999) Depletion in blood CD11cpositive dendritic cells from HIV-infected patients. AIDS 13(7):759-766 (Pubitemid 29224577)
110. Gringhuis SI, den Dunnen J, Litjens M, Van Het Hof B, Van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TB (2007) C-type lectin DC-SIGN modulates Toll-like receptor signaling via Raf-1 kinase-dependent acetylation of transcription factor NF-κB. Immunity 26(5):605-616 (Pubitemid 46756345)
111. Gringhuis SI, den Dunnen J, Litjens M, Van der Vlist M, Geijtenbeek TB (2009) Carbohydratespecific signaling through the DC-SIGN signalosome tailors immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, HIV-1 and Helicobacter pylori. Nat Immunol 10(10):1081-1088
112. Gringhuis SI, Van der Vlist M, Van den Berg LM, den Dunnen J, Litjens M, Geijtenbeek TB (2010) HIV-1 exploits innate signaling by TLR8 and DC-SIGN for productive infection of dendritic cells. Nat Immunol 11(5):419-426
113. Gummuluru S, KewalRamani VN, Emerman M (2002) Dendritic cell-mediated viral transfer to T cells is required for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 persistence in the face of rapid cell turnover. J Virol 76(21):10692-10701 (Pubitemid 35176185)
114. Gummuluru S, Rogel M, Stamatatos L, Emerman M (2003) Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to immature dendritic cells can occur independently of DC-SIGN and mannose binding C-type lectin receptors via a cholesterol-dependent pathway. J Virol 77(23):12865-12874 (Pubitemid 37430680)
115. Gutierrez MG, Master SS, Singh SB, Taylor GA, Colombo MI, Deretic V (2004) Autophagy is a defense mechanism inhibiting BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in infected macrophages. Cell 119(6):753-766 (Pubitemid 40017683)
116. Haase AT (2005) Perils at mucosal front lines for HIV and SIV and their hosts. Nat Rev Immunol 5(10):783-792 (Pubitemid 41400852)
117. Hanley TM, Blay Puryear W, Gummuluru S, Viglianti GA (2010) PPARgamma and LXR signaling inhibit dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 capture and trans-infection. PLoS Pathog 6:e1000981
118. Harman AN, Wilkinson J, Bye CR, Bosnjak L, Stern JL, Nicholle M, Lai J, Cunningham AL (2006) HIV induces maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells and Langerhans cells. J Immunol 177(10):7103-7113 (Pubitemid 44715078)
119. Harman AN, Kraus M, Bye CR, Byth K, Turville SG, Tang O, Mercier SK, Nasr N, Stern JL, Slobedman B, Driessen C, Cunningham AL (2009) HIV-1-infected dendritic cells show 2 phases of gene expression changes, with lysosomal enzyme activity decreased during the second phase. Blood 114(1):85-94
120. Harman AN, Lai J, Turville S, Samarajiwa S, Gray L, Marsden V, Mercier SK, Jones K, Nasr N, Rustagi A, Cumming H, Donaghy H, Mak J, Gale M Jr, Churchill M, Hertzog P, Cunningham AL (2011) HIV infection of dendritic cells subverts the IFN induction pathway via IRF-1 and inhibits type 1 IFN production. Blood 118(2):298-308
121. Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (2003) DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection. Cell 113(6):803-809 (Pubitemid 36724943)
122. Hladik F, Lentz G, Akridge RE, Peterson G, Kelley H, McElroy A, McElrath MJ (1999) Dendritic cell-T-cell interactions support coreceptor-independent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission in the human genital tract. J Virol 73(7):5833-5842 (Pubitemid 29274870)
123. Hodges A, Sharrocks K, Edelmann M, Baban D, Moris A, Schwartz O, Drakesmith H, Davies K, Kessler B, McMichael A, Simmons A (2007) Activation of the lectin DC-SIGN induces an immature dendritic cell phenotype triggering Rho-GTPase activity required for HIV-1 replication. Nat Immunol 8(6):569-577 (Pubitemid 46785120)
124. Holla A, Skerra A (2011) Comparative analysis reveals selective recognition of glycans by the dendritic cell receptors DC-SIGN and Langerin. Protein Eng Des Sel 24(9):659-669
125. Howell AL, Edkins RD, Rier SE, Yeaman GR, Stern JE, Fanger MW, Wira CR (1997) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of cells and tissues from the upper and lower human female reproductive tract. J Virol 71(5):3498-3506 (Pubitemid 27172360)
126. Hrecka K, Hao C, Gierszewska M, Swanson SK, Kesik-Brodacka M, Srivastava S, Florens L, Washburn MP, Skowronski J (2011a) Vpx relieves inhibition of HIV-1 infection of macrophages mediated by the SAMHD1 protein. Nature 474(7353):658-661
127. Hrecka K, Hao C, Gierszewska M, Swanson SK, Kesik-Brodacka M, Srivastava S, Florens L, Washburn MP, Skowronski J (2011b) Vpx relieves inhibition of HIV-1 infection of macrophages mediated by the SAMHD1 protein. Nature 474(7353):658-661
128. Hu J, Gardner MB, Miller CJ (2000) Simian immunodeficiency virus rapidly penetrates the cervicovaginal mucosa after intravaginal inoculation and infects intraepithelial dendritic cells. J Virol 74(13):6087-6095 (Pubitemid 30412980)
129. Hunger RE, Sieling PA, Ochoa MT, Sugaya M, Burdick AE, Rea TH, Brennan PJ, Belisle JT, Blauvelt A, Porcelli SA, Modlin RL (2004) Langerhans cells utilize CD1a and langerin to Efficiently present nonpeptide antigens to T cells. J Clin Invest 113(5):701-708 (Pubitemid 38544163)
130. Igakura T, Stinchcombe JC, Goon PK, Taylor GP, Weber JN, Grif fi ths GM, Tanaka Y, Osame M, Bangham CR (2003) Spread of HTLV-I between lymphocytes by virus-induced polarization of the cytoskeleton. Science 299(5613):1713-1716 (Pubitemid 36337193)
131. Ignatius R, Isdell F, O'Doherty U, Pope M (1998) Dendritic cells from skin and blood of macaques both promote SIV replication with T cells from different anatomical sites. J Med Primatol 27(2-3):121-128 (Pubitemid 128521842)
132. Izquierdo-Useros N, Blanco J, Erkizia I, Fernandez-Figueras MT, Borras FE, Naranjo-Gomez M, Bofill M, Ruiz L, Clotet B, Martinez-Picado J (2007) Maturation of blood-derived dendritic cells enhances human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capture and transmission. J Virol 81(14):7559-7570 (Pubitemid 47047842)
133. Izquierdo-Useros N, Naranjo-Gomez M, Archer J, Hatch SC, Erkizia I, Blanco J, Borras FE, Puertas MC, Connor JH, Fernandez-Figueras MT, Moore L, Clotet B, Gummuluru S, Martinez- Picado J (2009) Capture and transfer of HIV-1 particles by mature dendritic cells converges with the exosome-dissemination pathway. Blood 113(12):2732-2741
134. Jiang W, Swiggard WJ, Heufler C, Peng M, Mirza A, Steinman RM, Nussenzweig MC (1995) The receptor DEC-205 expressed by dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells is involved in antigen processing. Nature 375(6527):151-155
135. Kadowaki N, Ho S, Antonenko S, Malefyt RW, Kastelein RA, Bazan F, Liu YJ (2001) Subsets of human dendritic cell precursors express different Toll-like receptors and respond to different microbial antigens. J Exp Med 194(6):863-869 (Pubitemid 32983021)
136. Kamga I, Kahi S, Develioglu L, Lichtner M, Maranon C, Deveau C, Meyer L, Goujard C, Lebon P, Sinet M, Hosmalin A (2005) Type I interferon production is profoundly and transiently impaired in primary HIV-1 infection. J Infect Dis 192(2):303-310 (Pubitemid 40993400)
137. Kawamura T, Cohen SS, Borris DL, Aquilino EA, Glushakova S, Margolis LB, Orenstein JM, Offord RE, Neurath AR, Blauvelt A (2000) Candidate microbicides block HIV-1 infection of human immature Langerhans cells within epithelial tissue explants. J Exp Med 192(10):1491-1500
138. Kawamura T, Gatanaga H, Borris DL, Connors M, Mitsuya H, Blauvelt A (2003) Decreased stimulation of CD4+ T cell proliferation and IL-2 production by highly enriched populations of HIV-infected dendritic cells. J Immunol 170(8):4260-4266 (Pubitemid 36428193)
139. Kirchhoff F (2010) Immune evasion and counteraction of restriction factors by HIV-1 and other primate lentiviruses. Cell Host Microbe 8(1):55-67
140. Klechevsky E, Flamar AL, Cao Y, Blanck JP, Liu M, O'Bar A, Agouna-Deciat O, Klucar P, Thompson-Snipes L, Zurawski S, Reiter Y, Palucka AK, Zurawski G, Banchereau J (2010) Cross-priming CD8+ T cells by targeting antigens to human dendritic cells through DCIR. Blood 116(10):1685-1697
141. Knight SC, Patterson S (1997) Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, infection with human immunodeficiency virus, and immunopathology. Annu Rev Immunol 15:593-615 (Pubitemid 27169293)
142. Kwon DS, Gregorio G, Bitton N, Hendrickson WA, Littman DR (2002) DC-SIGN-mediated internalization of HIV is required for trans-enhancement of T cell infection. Immunity 16(1):135-144 (Pubitemid 34143223)
143. Kyei GB, Dinkins C, Davis AS, Roberts E, Singh SB, Dong C, Wu L, Kominami E, Ueno T, Yamamoto A, Federico M, Panganiban A, Vergne I, Deretic V (2009) Autophagy pathway intersects with HIV-1 biosynthesis and regulates viral yields in macrophages. J Cell Biol 186(2):255-268
144. Laguette N, Benkirane M (2012) How SAMHD1 changes our view of viral restriction. Trends Immunol 33(1):26-33
145. Laguette N, Sobhian B, Casartelli N, Ringeard M, Chable-Bessia C, Segeral E, Yatim A, Emiliani S, Schwartz O, Benkirane M (2011) SAMHD1 is the dendritic- and myeloid-cell-specific HIV-1 restriction factor counteracted by Vpx. Nature 474(7353):654-657
146. Lambert AA, Gilbert C, Richard M, Beaulieu AD, Tremblay MJ (2008) The C-type lectin surface receptor DCIR acts as a new attachment factor for HIV-1 in dendritic cells and contributes to trans- and cis-infection pathways. Blood 112(4):1299-1307
147. Langerhans P (1868) Uber die nerven der menschlichen haut. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 44: 325-337
148. Langhoff E, Haseltine WA (1992) Infection of accessory dendritic cells by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Invest Dermatol 99(5):89S-94S
149. Langhoff E, Terwilliger EF, Bos HJ, Kalland KH, Poznansky MC, Bacon OM, Haseltine WA (1991) Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in primary dendritic cell cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88(18):7998-8002 (Pubitemid 21915282)
150. Langrish CL, McKenzie BS, Wilson NJ, de Waal Malefyt R, Kastelein RA, Cua DJ (2004) IL-12 and IL-23: master regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 202:96-105 (Pubitemid 39576907)
151. Lanzavecchia A (1996) Mechanisms of antigen uptake for presentation. Curr Opin Immunol 8(3):348-354 (Pubitemid 26229656)
152. Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F (2001) Regulation of T cell immunity by dendritic cells. Cell 106(3): 263-266 (Pubitemid 32772609)
153. Larsen CP, Steinman RM, Witmer-Pack M, Hankins DF, Morris PJ, Austyn JM (1990) Migration and maturation of Langerhans cells in skin transplants and explants. J Exp Med 172(5): 1483-1493 (Pubitemid 20366224)
154. Lee HK, Lund JM, Ramanathan B, Mizushima N, Iwasaki A (2007) Autophagy-dependent viral recognition by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Science 315(5817):1398-1401 (Pubitemid 46399546)
155. Lee HK, Mattei LM, Steinberg BE, Alberts P, Lee YH, Chervonsky A, Mizushima N, Grinstein S, Iwasaki A (2010) In vivo requirement for Atg5 in antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Immunity 32(2):227-239
156. Lehner T, Hussain L, Wilson J, Chapman M (1991) Mucosal transmission of HIV. Nature 353(6346):709
157. Lenz A, Heine M, Schuler G, Romani N (1993) Human and murine dermis contain dendritic cells. Isolation by means of a novel method and phenotypical and functional characterization. J Clin Invest 92(6):2587-2596 (Pubitemid 24006521)
158. Levine B, Klionsky DJ (2004) Development by self-digestion: molecular mechanisms and biological functions of autophagy. Dev Cell 6(4):463-477 (Pubitemid 38456176)
159. Li Q, Estes JD, Schlievert PM, Duan L, Brosnahan AJ, Southern PJ, Reilly CS, Peterson ML, Schultz-Darken N, Brunner KG, Nephew KR, Pambuccian S, Lifson JD, Carlis JV, Haase AT (2009a) Glycerol monolaurate prevents mucosal SIV transmission. Nature 458(7241):1034-1038
160. Li Q, Skinner PJ, Ha SJ, Duan L, Mattila TL, Hage A, White C, Barber DL, O'Mara L, Southern PJ, Reilly CS, Carlis JV, Miller CJ, Ahmed R, Haase AT (2009b) Visualizing antigen-specific and infected cells in situ predicts outcomes in early viral infection. Science 323(5922): 1726-1729
161. Lin CL, Sewell AK, Gao GF, Whelan KT, Phillips RE, Austyn JM (2000) Macrophage-tropic HIV induces and exploits dendritic cell chemotaxis. J Exp Med 192(4):587-594
162. Liu YJ (2001) Dendritic cell subsets and lineages, and their functions in innate and adaptive immunity. Cell 106(3):259-262
163. Lore K, Smed-Sorensen A, VasudeVan J, Mascola JR, Koup RA (2005) Myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells transfer HIV-1 preferentially to antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 201(12):2023-2033 (Pubitemid 41002937)
164. Ludwig IS, Lekkerkerker AN, Depla E, Bosman F, Musters RJ, Depraetere S, Van Kooyk Y, Geijtenbeek TB (2004) Hepatitis C virus targets DC-SIGN and L-SIGN to escape lysosomal degradation. J Virol 78(15):8322-8332 (Pubitemid 38944316)
165. Lyerly HK, Cohen OJ, Weinhold KJ (1987) Transmission of HIV by antigen presenting cells during T-cell activation: prevention by 3 ¢ -azido-3 ¢ -deoxythymidine. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 3(1):87-94 (Pubitemid 17144026)
166. Macatonia SE, Patterson S, Knight SC (1989) Suppression of immune responses by dendritic cells infected with HIV. Immunology 67(3):285-289 (Pubitemid 19178842)
167. Maggi E, Mazzetti M, Ravina A, Annunziato F, de Carli M, Piccinni MP, Manetti R, Carbonari M, Pesce AM, del Prete G et al (1994) Ability of HIV to promote a TH1 to TH0 shift and to replicate preferentially in TH2 and TH0 cells. Science 265(5169):244-248
168. Manches O, Munn D, Fallahi A, Lifson J, Chaperot L, Plumas J, Bhardwaj N (2008) HIV-activated human plasmacytoid DCs induce Tregs through an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-dependent mechanism. J Clin Invest 118(10):3431-3439
169. Mandl JN, Barry AP, Vanderford TH, Kozyr N, ChaVan R, Klucking S, Barrat FJ, Coffman RL, Staprans SI, Feinberg MB (2008) Divergent TLR7 and TLR9 signaling and type I interferon production distinguish pathogenic and nonpathogenic AIDS virus infections. Nat Med 14(10):1077-1087
170. Manel N, Hogstad B, Wang Y, Levy DE, Unutmaz D, Littman DR (2010) A cryptic sensor for HIV-1 activates antiviral innate immunity in dendritic cells. Nature 467(7312):214-217
171. Mangeat B, Turelli P, Caron G, Friedli M, Perrin L, Trono D (2003) Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts. Nature 424(6944):99-103 (Pubitemid 36834849)
172. Martinson JA, Roman-Gonzalez A, Tenorio AR, Montoya CJ, Gichinga CN, Rugeles MT, Tomai M, Krieg AM, Ghanekar S, Baum LL, Landay AL (2007) Dendritic cells from HIV-1 infected individuals are less responsive to Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Cell Immunol 250(1-2):75-84
173. Mascola JR, Monte fi ori DC (2010) The role of antibodies in HIV vaccines. Annu Rev Immunol 28:413-444
174. McDonald D, Wu L, Bohks SM, KewalRamani VN, Unutmaz D, Hope TJ (2003) Recruitment of HIV and its receptors to dendritic cell-T cell junctions. Science 300(5623):1295-1297 (Pubitemid 36618241)
175. McElrath MJ (2011) Standing guard at the mucosa. Immunity 34(2):146-148
176. McMichael AJ (2006) HIV vaccines. Annu Rev Immunol 24:227-255
177. McMichael AJ, Borrow P, Tomaras GD, Goonetilleke N, Haynes BF (2010) The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for vaccine development. Nat Rev Immunol 10(1):11-23
178. Mellman I (1990) Endocytosis and antigen processing. Semin Immunol 2(4):229-237
179. Mellman I, Steinman RM (2001) Dendritic cells: specialized and regulated antigen processing machines. Cell 106(3):255-258 (Pubitemid 32772607)
180. Miller CJ, Hu J (1999) T cell-tropic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian-human immunodeficiency viruses are readily transmitted by vaginal inoculation of rhesus macaques, and Langerhans' cells of the female genital tract are infected with SIV. J Infect Dis 179(Suppl 3):S413-S417 (Pubitemid 29198388)
181. Mitchell DA, Fadden AJ, Drickamer K (2001) A novel mechanism of carbohydrate recognition by the C-type lectins DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR. Subunit organization and binding to multivalent ligands. J Biol Chem 276(31):28939-28945
182. Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo AM, Klionsky DJ (2008) Autophagy fi ghts disease through cellular self-digestion. Nature 451(7182):1069-1075 (Pubitemid 351317450)
183. Mohanram V, Johansson U, Skold AE, Fink J, Kumar Pathak S, Makitalo B, Walther-Jallow L, Spetz AL (2011) Exposure to apoptotic activated CD4+ T cells induces maturation and APOBEC3G-mediated inhibition of HIV-1 infection in dendritic cells. PLoS One 6(6):e21171
184. Moris A, Nobile C, Buseyne F, Porrot F, Abastado JP, Schwartz O (2004) DC-SIGN promotes exogenous MHC-I-restricted HIV-1 antigen presentation. Blood 103(7):2648-2654 (Pubitemid 38393020)
185. Moris A, Pajot A, Blanchet F, Guivel-Benhassine F, Salcedo M, Schwartz O (2006) Dendritic cells and HIV-specific CD4+ T cells: HIV antigen presentation, T-cell activation, and viral transfer. Blood 108(5):1643-1651 (Pubitemid 44316133)
186. Muthumani K, Shedlock DJ, Choo DK, Fagone P, Kawalekar OU, Goodman J, Bian CB, Ramanathan AA, Atman P, Tebas P, Chattergoon MA, Choo AY, Weiner DB (2011) HIV-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/serine-threonine kinase activation in APCs leads to programmed death-1 ligand upregulation and suppression of HIV-specific CD8 T cells. J Immunol 187(6): 2932-2943
187. Nakagawa I, Amano A, Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Yamaguchi H, Kamimoto T, Nara A, Funao J, Nakata M, Tsuda K, Hamada S, Yoshimori T (2004) Autophagy defends cells against invading group A Streptococcus. Science 306(5698):1037-1040 (Pubitemid 39482907)
188. Nchinda G, Kuroiwa J, Oks M, Trumpfheller C, Park CG, Huang Y, Hannaman D, Schlesinger SJ, Mizenina O, Nussenzweig MC, Uberla K, Steinman RM (2008) The Efficacy of DNA vaccination is enhanced in mice by targeting the encoded protein to dendritic cells. J Clin Invest 118(4):1427-1436 (Pubitemid 351500436)
189. Nchinda G, Amadu D, Trumpfheller C, Mizenina O, Uberla K, Steinman RM (2010) Dendritic cell targeted HIV gag protein vaccine provides help to a DNA vaccine including mobilization of protective CD8+ T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107(9):4281-4286
190. Neil S, Martin F, Ikeda Y, Collins M (2001) Postentry restriction to human immunodeficiency virus-based vector transduction in human monocytes. J Virol 75(12):5448-5456 (Pubitemid 32488137)
191. Nestle FO, Zheng XG, Thompson CB, Turka LA, Nickoloff BJ (1993) Characterization of dermal dendritic cells obtained from normal human skin reveals phenotypic and functionally distinctive subsets. J Immunol 151(11):6535-6545 (Pubitemid 23340400)
192. Ng G, Sharma K, Ward SM, Desrosiers MD, Stephens LA, Schoel WM, Li T, Lowell CA, Ling CC, Amrein MW, Shi Y (2008) Receptor-independent, direct membrane binding leads to cellsurface lipid sorting and Syk kinase activation in dendritic cells. Immunity 29(5):807-818
193. Nguyen DG, Booth A, Gould SJ, Hildreth JE (2003) Evidence that HIV budding in primary macrophages occurs through the exosome release pathway. J Biol Chem 278(52):52347-52354 (Pubitemid 38035824)
194. Niedecken H, Lutz G, Bauer R, Kreysel HW (1987) Langerhans cell as primary target and vehicle for transmission of HIV. Lancet 2(8557):519-520 (Pubitemid 17118951)
195. Nikolic DS, Lehmann M, Felts R, Garcia E, Blanchet FP, Subramaniam S, Piguet V (2011) HIV-1 activates Cdc42 and induces membrane extensions in immature dendritic cells to facilitate cellto- cell virus propagation. Blood 118(18):4841-4852
196. Ogawa Y, Kawamura T, Kimura T, Ito M, Blauvelt A, Shimada S (2009) Gram-positive bacteria enhance HIV-1 susceptibility in Langerhans cells, but not in dendritic cells, via Toll-like receptor activation. Blood 113(21):5157-5166
197. Olsson J, Poles M, Spetz AL, Elliott J, Hultin L, Giorgi J, Andersson J, Anton P (2000) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection is associated with signi fi cant mucosal inflammation characterized by increased expression of CCR5, CXCR4, and beta-chemokines. J Infect Dis 182(6):1625-1635
198. Pacanowski J, Kahi S, Baillet M, Lebon P, Deveau C, Goujard C, Meyer L, Oksenhendler E, Sinet M, Hosmalin A (2001) Reduced blood CD123+ (lymphoid) and CD11c+ (myeloid) dendritic cell numbers in primary HIV-1 infection. Blood 98(10):3016-3021
199. Paludan C, Schmid D, Landthaler M, Vockerodt M, Kube D, Tuschl T, Munz C (2005) Endogenous MHC class II processing of a viral nuclear antigen after autophagy. Science 307(5709):593-596 (Pubitemid 40165684)
200. Patterson S, Knight SC (1987) Susceptibility of human peripheral blood dendritic cells to infection by human immunodeficiency virus. J Gen Virol 68(Pt 4):1177-1181 (Pubitemid 17043526)
201. Patterson S, Roberts MS, English NR, Macatonia SE, Gompels MN, Pinching AJ, Knight SC (1994) Detection of HIV DNA in peripheral blood dendritic cells of HIV-infected individuals. Res Virol 145(3-4):171-176 (Pubitemid 24244515)
202. Patterson S, Rae A, Hockey N, Gilmour J, Gotch F (2001) Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are highly susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and release infectious virus. J Virol 75(14):6710-6713 (Pubitemid 32578192)
203. Pavli P, Hume DA, Van De Pol E, Doe WF (1993) Dendritic cells, the major antigen-presenting cells of the human colonic lamina propria. Immunology 78(1):132-141 (Pubitemid 23035860)
204. Peng G, Greenwell-Wild T, Nares S, Jin W, Lei KJ, Rangel ZG, Munson PJ, Wahl SM (2007) Myeloid differentiation and susceptibility to HIV-1 are linked to APOBEC3 expression. Blood 110(1):393-400 (Pubitemid 47026861)
205. Pertel T, Hausmann S, Morger D, Zuger S, Guerra J, Lascano J, Reinhard C, Santoni FA, Uchil PD, Chatel L, Bisiaux A, Albert ML, Strambio-De-Castillia C, Mothes W, Pizzato M, Grutter MG, Luban J (2011) TRIM5 is an innate immune sensor for the retrovirus capsid lattice. Nature 472(7343):361-365
206. Piguet V, Steinman RM (2007) The interaction of HIV with dendritic cells: outcomes and pathways. Trends Immunol 28(11):503-510 (Pubitemid 350087807)
207. Pion M, Granelli-Piperno A, Mangeat B, Stalder R, Correa R, Steinman RM, Piguet V (2006) APOBEC3G/3F mediates intrinsic resistance of monocyte-derived dendritic cells to HIV-1 infection. J Exp Med 203(13):2887-2893 (Pubitemid 46026166)
208. Pion M, Arrighi JF, Jiang J, Lundquist CA, Hartley O, Aiken C, Piguet V (2007) Analysis of HIV- 1-X4 fusion with immature dendritic cells identi fi es a specific restriction that is independent of CXCR4 levels. J Invest Dermatol 127(2):319-323 (Pubitemid 46106909)
209. Pitisuttithum P, Gilbert P, Gurwith M, Heyward W, Martin M, Van Griensven F, Hu D, Tappero JW, Choopanya K (2006) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Efficacy trial of a bivalent recombinant glycoprotein 120 HIV-1 vaccine among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand. J Infect Dis 194(12):1661-1671 (Pubitemid 44901996)
210. Pohlmann S, Baribaud F, Lee B, Leslie GJ, Sanchez MD, Hiebenthal-Millow K, Munch J, Kirchhoff F, Doms RW (2001) DC-SIGN interactions with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 75(10):4664-4672 (Pubitemid 32381508)
211. Pope M (1998) SIV replication and the dendritic cell. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 14(Suppl 1):S71-S73 (Pubitemid 28208893)
212. Pope M, Betjes MG, Romani N, Hirmand H, Cameron PU, Hoffman L, Gezelter S, Schuler G, Steinman RM (1994) Conjugates of dendritic cells and memory T lymphocytes from skin facilitate productive infection with HIV-1. Cell 78(3):389-398 (Pubitemid 24250804)
213. Pope M, Betjes MG, Romani N, Hirmand H, Hoffman L, Gezelter S, Schuler G, Cameron PU, Steinman RM (1995a) Dendritic cell-T cell conjugates that migrate from normal human skin are an explosive site of infection for HIV-1. Adv Exp Med Biol 378:457-460
214. Pope M, Gezelter S, Gallo N, Hoffman L, Steinman RM (1995b) Low levels of HIV-1 infection in cutaneous dendritic cells promote extensive viral replication upon binding to memory CD4+ T cells. J Exp Med 182(6):2045-2056
215. Pope M, Elmore D, Ho D, Marx P (1997a) Dendrite cell-T cell mixtures, isolated from the skin and mucosae of macaques, support the replication of SIV. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 13(10): 819-827 (Pubitemid 27265658)
216. Pope M, Frankel S, Steinman R, Elmore D, Ho D, Marx P (1997b) Cutaneous dendritic cells promote replication of immunodeficiency viruses. Adv Exp Med Biol 417:395-399 (Pubitemid 27427774)
217. Pope M, Ho DD, Moore JP, Weber J, Dittmar MT, Weiss RA (1997c) Different subtypes of HIV-1 and cutaneous dendritic cells. Science 278(5339):786-788 (Pubitemid 27467880)
218. Popov S, Chenine AL, Gruber A, Li PL, Ruprecht RM (2005) Long-term productive human immunodeficiency virus infection of CD1a-sorted myeloid dendritic cells. J Virol 79(1):602-608 (Pubitemid 39648413)
219. Powell RD, Holland PJ, Hollis T, Perrino FW (2011) Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome gene and HIV-1 restriction factor SAMHD1 is a dGTP-regulated deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase. J Biol Chem 286(51):43596-43600
220. Pruenster M, Wilflingseder D, Banki Z, Ammann CG, Muellauer B, Meyer M, Speth C, Dierich MP, Stoiber H (2005) C-type lectin-independent interaction of complement opsonized HIV with monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 35(9):2691-2698 (Pubitemid 41404052)
221. Rappersberger K, Gartner S, Schenk P, Stingl G, Groh V, Tschachler E, Mann DL, Wolff K, Konrad K, Popovic M (1988) Langerhans' cells are an actual site of HIV-1 replication. Intervirology 29(4):185-194
222. Reece JC, Handley AJ, Anstee EJ, Morrison WA, Crowe SM, Cameron PU (1998) HIV-1 selection by epidermal dendritic cells during transmission across human skin. J Exp Med 187(10):1623-1631 (Pubitemid 28235103)
223. Rerks-Ngarm S, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Kaewkungwal J, Chiu J, Paris R, Premsri N, Namwat C, de Souza M, Adams E, Benenson M, Gurunathan S, Tartaglia J, McNeil JG, Francis DP, Stablein D, Birx DL, Chunsuttiwat S, Khamboonruang C, Thongcharoen P, Robb ML, Michael NL, Kunasol P, Kim JH (2009) Vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX to prevent HIV-1 infection in Thailand. N Engl J Med 361(23):2209-2220
224. Reynolds MR, Rakasz E, Skinner PJ, White C, Abel K, Ma ZM, Compton L, Napoe G, Wilson N, Miller CJ, Haase A, Watkins DI (2005) CD8+ T-lymphocyte response to major immunodominant epitopes after vaginal exposure to simian immunodeficiency virus: too late and too little. J Virol 79(14):9228-9235 (Pubitemid 40934834)
225. Rice GI, Bond J, Asipu A, Brunette RL, Man field IW, Carr IM, Fuller JC, Jackson RM, Lamb T, Briggs TA, Ali M, Gornall H, Couthard LR, Aeby A, Attard-Montalto SP, Bertini E, Bodemer C, Brockmann K, Brueton LA, Corry PC, Desguerre I, Fazzi E, Cazorla AG, Gener B, Hamel BC, Heiberg A, Hunter M, Van der Knaap MS, Kumar R, Lagae L, Landrieu PG, Lourenco CM, Marom D, McDermott MF, Van der Merwe W, Orcesi S, Prendiville JS, Rasmussen M, Shalev SA, Soler DM, Shinawi M, Spiegel R, Tan TY, Vanderver A, Wakeling EL, Wassmer E, Whittaker E, Lebon P, Stetson DB, Bonthron DT, Crow YJ (2009) Mutations involved in Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome implicate SAMHD1 as regulator of the innate immune response. Nat Genet 41(7): 829-832
226. Rich KA, Burkett C, Webster P (2003) Cytoplasmic bacteria can be targets for autophagy. Cell Microbiol 5(7):455-468 (Pubitemid 36818107)
227. Roberts M, Gompels M, Pinching AJ, Knight SC (1994) Dendritic cells from HIV-1 infected individuals show reduced capacity to stimulate autologous T-cell proliferation. Immunol Lett 43(1-2):39-43
228. Saidi H, Melki MT, Gougeon ML (2008) HMGB1-dependent triggering of HIV-1 replication and persistence in dendritic cells as a consequence of NK-DC cross-talk. PLoS One 3(10):e3601
229. Sallusto F, Cella M, Danieli C, Lanzavecchia A (1995) Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: downregulation by cytokines and bacterial products. J Exp Med 182(2): 389-400
230. Sayah DM, Sokolskaja E, Berthoux L, Luban J (2004) Cyclophilin A retrotransposition into TRIM5 explains owl monkey resistance to HIV-1. Nature 430(6999):569-573 (Pubitemid 38998631)
231. Schmitt D, Dezutter-Dambuyant C (1994) Epidermal and mucosal dendritic cells and HIV1 infection. Pathol Res Pract 190(9-10):955-959 (Pubitemid 24370109)
232. Sewell AK, Price DA (2001) Dendritic cells and transmission of HIV-1. Trends Immunol 22(4): 173-175 (Pubitemid 32673649)
233. Shan M, Klasse PJ, Banerjee K, Dey AK, Iyer SP, Dionisio R, Charles D, Campbell-Gardener L, Olson WC, Sanders RW, Moore JP (2007) HIV-1 gp120 mannoses induce immunosuppressive responses from dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 3(11):e169
234. Sheehy AM, Gaddis NC, Choi JD, Malim MH (2002) Isolation of a human gene that inhibits HIV-1 infection and is suppressed by the viral Vif protein. Nature 418(6898):646-650
235. Sheehy AM, Gaddis NC, Malim MH (2003) The antiretroviral enzyme APOBEC3G is degraded by the proteasome in response to HIV-1 Vif. Nat Med 9(11):1404-1407 (Pubitemid 37466190)
236. Shi Y, Brandin E, Vincic E, Jansson M, Blaxhult A, Gyllensten K, Moberg L, Brostrom C, Fenyo EM, Albert J (2005) Evolution of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 coreceptor usage, autologous neutralization, envelope sequence and glycosylation. J Gen Virol 86(Pt 12): 3385-3396 (Pubitemid 41685173)
237. Siegal FP, Kadowaki N, Shodell M, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly PA, Shah K, Ho S, Antonenko S, Liu YJ (1999) The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood. Science 284(5421):1835-1837
238. Sierra-Filardi E, Estecha A, Samaniego R, Fernandez-Ruiz E, Colmenares M, Sanchez-Mateos P, Steinman RM, Granelli-Piperno A, Corbi AL (2010) Epitope mapping on the dendritic cellspecific ICAM-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) pathogen-attachment factor. Mol Immunol 47(4):840-848
239. Smed-Sorensen A, Lore K, VasudeVan J, Louder MK, Andersson J, Mascola JR, Spetz AL, Koup RA (2005) Differential susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Virol 79(14):8861-8869 (Pubitemid 40934796)
240. Soto-Ramirez LE, Renjifo B, McLane MF, Marlink R, O'Hara C, Sutthent R, Wasi C, Vithayasai P, Vithayasai V, Apichartpiyakul C, Auewarakul P, Pena Cruz V, Chui DS, Osathanondh R, Mayer K, Lee TH, Essex M (1996) HIV-1 Langerhans' cell tropism associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV. Science 271(5253):1291-1293 (Pubitemid 26082652)
241. Spira AI, Marx PA, Patterson BK, Mahoney J, Koup RA, Wolinsky SM, Ho DD (1996) Cellular targets of infection and route of viral dissemination after an intravaginal inoculation of simian immunodeficiency virus into rhesus macaques. J Exp Med 183(1):215-225 (Pubitemid 26028761)
242. Stacey AR, Norris PJ, Qin L, Haygreen EA, Taylor E, Heitman J, Lebedeva M, DeCamp A, Li D, Grove D, Self SG, Borrow P (2009) Induction of a striking systemic cytokine cascade prior to peak viremia in acute human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, in contrast to more modest and delayed responses in acute hepatitis B and C virus infections. J Virol 83(8): 3719-3733
243. Stahl PD, Ezekowitz RA (1998) The mannose receptor is a pattern recognition receptor involved in host defense. Curr Opin Immunol 10(1):50-55 (Pubitemid 28112079)
244. Stalder R, Blanchet F, Mangeat B, Piguet V (2010) Arsenic modulates APOBEC3G-mediated restriction to HIV-1 infection in myeloid dendritic cells. J Leukoc Biol 88(6):1251-1258
245. Steinman RM (1996a) The dendritic cell in clinical immunology: the AIDS example. J Lab Clin Med 128(6):531-535 (Pubitemid 27506758)
246. Steinman RM (1996b) Dendritic cells and immune-based therapies. Exp Hematol 24(8):859-862 (Pubitemid 26255099)
247. Steinman RM (2001) Dendritic cells and the control of immunity: enhancing the ef fi ciency of antigen presentation. Mt Sinai J Med 68(3):160-166 (Pubitemid 33606184)
248. Steinman RM (2012) Decisions about dendritic cells: past, present, and future. Annu Rev Immunol 30:1-22
249. Steinman RM, Cohn ZA (1973) Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution. J Exp Med 137(5):1142-1162
250. Steinman R, Hoffman L, Pope M (1995) Maturation and migration of cutaneous dendritic cells. J Invest Dermatol 105(1 Suppl):2S-7S
251. Steinman RM, Granelli-Piperno A, Pope M, Trumpfheller C, Ignatius R, Arrode G, Racz P, Tenner- Racz K (2003) The interaction of immunodeficiency viruses with dendritic cells. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 276:1-30 (Pubitemid 36538345)
252. Stopak K, de Noronha C, Yonemoto W, Greene WC (2003) HIV-1 Vif blocks the antiviral activity of APOBEC3G by impairing both its translation and intracellular stability. Mol Cell 12(3):591-601 (Pubitemid 37222482)
253. Stremlau M, Owens CM, Perron MJ, Kiessling M, Autissier P, Sodroski J (2004) The cytoplasmic body component TRIM5alpha restricts HIV-1 infection in Old World monkeys. Nature 427(6977):848-853 (Pubitemid 38297747)
254. Swiecki M, Colonna M (2010) Unraveling the functions of plasmacytoid dendritic cells during viral infections, autoimmunity, and tolerance. Immunol Rev 234(1):142-162
255. Swiecki M, Wang Y, Vermi W, Gilfillan S, Schreiber RD, Colonna M (2011) Type I interferon negatively controls plasmacytoid dendritic cell numbers in vivo. J Exp Med 208(12):2367-2374
256. Tacchetti C, Favre A, Moresco L, Meszaros P, Luzzi P, Truini M, Rizzo F, Grossi CE, Ciccone E (1997) HIV is trapped and masked in the cytoplasm of lymph node follicular dendritic cells. Am J Pathol 150(2):533-542 (Pubitemid 27073783)
257. Teleshova N, Frank I, Pope M (2003) Immunodeficiency virus exploitation of dendritic cells in the early steps of infection. J Leukoc Biol 74(5):683-690 (Pubitemid 38040344)
258. Teleshova N, Chang T, Profy A, Klotman ME (2008) Inhibitory effect of PRO 2000, a candidate microbicide, on dendritic cell-mediated human immunodeficiency virus transfer. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 52(5):1751-1758 (Pubitemid 351614669)
259. Torrelles JB, Azad AK, Schlesinger LS (2006) Fine discrimination in the recognition of individual species of phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannosides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis by C-type lectin pattern recognition receptors. J Immunol 177(3):1805-1816 (Pubitemid 44092518)
260. Trabattoni D, Saresella M, Biasin M, Boasso A, Piacentini L, Ferrante P, Dong H, Maserati R, Shearer GM, Chen L, Clerici M (2003) B7-H1 is up-regulated in HIV infection and is a novel surrogate marker of disease progression. Blood 101(7):2514-2520 (Pubitemid 36857606)
261. Trapp S, Derby NR, Singer R, Shaw A, Williams VG, Turville SG, Bess JW Jr, Lifson JD, Robbiani M (2009) Double-stranded RNA analog poly(I:C) inhibits human immunodeficiency virus amplification in dendritic cells via type I interferon-mediated activation of APOBEC3G. J Virol 83(2):884-895
262. Trautmann L, Janbazian L, Chomont N, Said EA, Gimmig S, Bessette B, Boulassel MR, Delwart E, Sepulveda H, Balderas RS, Routy JP, Haddad EK, Sekaly RP (2006) Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction. Nat Med 12(10):1198-1202 (Pubitemid 44527357)
263. Trombetta ES, Ebersold M, Garrett W, Pypaert M, Mellman I (2003) Activation of lysosomal function during dendritic cell maturation. Science 299(5611):1400-1403 (Pubitemid 36254654)
264. Trumpfheller C, Park CG, Finke J, Steinman RM, Granelli-Piperno A (2003) Cell type-dependent retention and transmission of HIV-1 by DC-SIGN. Int Immunol 15(2):289-298 (Pubitemid 36267121)
265. Trumpfheller C, Finke JS, Lopez CB, Moran TM, Moltedo B, Soares H, Huang Y, Schlesinger SJ, Park CG, Nussenzweig MC, Granelli-Piperno A, Steinman RM (2006) Intensified and protective CD4+ T cell immunity in mice with anti-dendritic cell HIV gag fusion antibody vaccine. J Exp Med 203(3):607-617
266. Trumpfheller C, Caskey M, Nchinda G, Longhi MP, Mizenina O, Huang Y, Schlesinger SJ, Colonna M, Steinman RM (2008) The microbial mimic poly IC induces durable and protective CD4+ T cell immunity together with a dendritic cell targeted vaccine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105(7):2574-2579 (Pubitemid 351520555)
267. Tschachler E, Groh V, Popovic M, Mann DL, Konrad K, Safai B, Eron L, diMarzo Veronese F, Wolff K, Stingl G (1987) Epidermal Langerhans cells - a target for HTLV-III/LAV infection. J Invest Dermatol 88(2):233-237 (Pubitemid 17009009)
268. Tsegaye TS, Pohlmann S (2010) The multiple facets of HIV attachment to dendritic cell lectins. Cell Microbiol 12(11):1553-1561
269. Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Akagawa K, Kimoto H, Suzuki K, Iwasaki M, Yasuda S, Hausser G, Hultgren C, Meyerhans A, Takemori T (1995) Monocyte-derived cultured dendritic cells are susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus infection and transmit virus to resting T cells in the process of nominal antigen presentation. J Virol 69(7):4544-4547
270. Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Yasuda S, Sugimoto A, Yagi T, Azuma M, Yagita H, Akagawa K, Takemori T (1997) Efficient virus transmission from dendritic cells to CD4+ T cells in response to antigen depends on close contact through adhesion molecules. Virology 239(2):259-268 (Pubitemid 28105632)
271. Turville SG, Arthos J, Donald KM, Lynch G, Naif H, Clark G, Hart D, Cunningham AL (2001) HIV gp120 receptors on human dendritic cells. Blood 98(8):2482-2488
272. Turville SG, Cameron PU, Handley A, Lin G, Pohlmann S, Doms RW, Cunningham AL (2002) Diversity of receptors binding HIV on dendritic cell subsets. Nat Immunol 3(10):975-983 (Pubitemid 35154012)
273. Turville SG, Santos JJ, Frank I, Cameron PU, Wilkinson J, Miranda-Saksena M, Dable J, Stossel H, Romani N, Piatak M Jr, Lifson JD, Pope M, Cunningham AL (2004) Immunodeficiency virus uptake, turnover, and 2-phase transfer in human dendritic cells. Blood 103(6):2170-2179 (Pubitemid 38326235)
274. Turville SG, Peretti S, Pope M (2006) Lymphocyte-dendritic cell interactions and mucosal acquisition of SIV/HIV infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 1(1):3-9
275. Turville SG, Aravantinou M, Stossel H, Romani N, Robbiani M (2008) Resolution of de novo HIV production and trafficking in immature dendritic cells. Nat Methods 5(1):75-85
276. Valladeau J, Duvert-Frances V, Pin JJ, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Vincent C, Massacrier C, Vincent J, Yoneda K, Banchereau J, Caux C, Davoust J, Saeland S (1999) The monoclonal antibody DCGM4 recognizes Langerin, a protein specific of Langerhans cells, and is rapidly internalized from the cell surface. Eur J Immunol 29(9):2695-2704 (Pubitemid 30098994)
277. Valladeau J, Ravel O, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Moore K, Kleijmeer M, Liu Y, Duvert-Frances V, Vincent C, Schmitt D, Davoust J, Caux C, Lebecque S, Saeland S (2000) Langerin, a novel C-type lectin specific to Langerhans cells, is an endocytic receptor that induces the formation of Birbeck granules. Immunity 12(1):71-81 (Pubitemid 30069216)
278. Van der Vlist M, Geijtenbeek TB (2010) Langerin functions as an antiviral receptor on Langerhans cells. Immunol Cell Biol 88(4):410-415
279. Van Kooyk Y, Rabinovich GA (2008) Protein-glycan interactions in the control of innate and adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol 9(6):593-601 (Pubitemid 351712630)
280. Van Liempt E, Bank CM, Mehta P, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Kawar ZS, Geyer R, Alvarez RA, Cummings RD, Kooyk Y, Van Die I (2006) Specificity of DC-SIGN for mannose- and fucose-containing glycans. FEBS Lett 580(26):6123-6131 (Pubitemid 44666793)
281. Van Liempt E, Van Vliet SJ, Engering A, Garcia Vallejo JJ, Bank CM, Sanchez-Hernandez M, Van Kooyk Y, Van Die I (2007) Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens are internalized by human dendritic cells through multiple C-type lectins and suppress TLR-induced dendritic cell activation. Mol Immunol 44(10):2605-2615 (Pubitemid 46240322)
282. Van Vliet SJ, den Dunnen J, Gringhuis SI, Geijtenbeek TB, Van Kooyk Y (2007) Innate signaling and regulation of dendritic cell immunity. Curr Opin Immunol 19(4):435-440 (Pubitemid 47284852)
283. Virgin HW, Walker BD (2010) Immunology and the elusive AIDS vaccine. Nature 464(7286):224-231
284. Wang JH, Janas AM, Olson WJ, KewalRamani VN, Wu L (2007a) CD4 coexpression regulates DC-SIGN-mediated transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol 81(5): 2497-2507
285. Wang JH, Janas AM, Olson WJ, Wu L (2007b) Functionally distinct transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mediated by immature and mature dendritic cells. J Virol 81(17):8933-8943 (Pubitemid 47311437)
286. Wang FX, Huang J, Zhang H, Ma X (2008a) APOBEC3G upregulation by alpha interferon restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in human peripheral plasmacytoid dendritic cells. J Gen Virol 89(Pt 3):722-730
287. Wang JH, Wells C, Wu L (2008b) Macropinocytosis and cytoskeleton contribute to dendritic cellmediated HIV-1 transmission to CD4+ T cells. Virology 381(1):143-154
288. Wang X, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Fu J, Yao J, Jiao Y, Wu H, Wang FS (2008c) B7-H1 up-regulation impairs myeloid DC and correlates with disease progression in chronic HIV-1 infection. Eur J Immunol 38(11):3226-3236
289. Watts C (1997) Capture and processing of exogenous antigens for presentation on MHC molecules. Annu Rev Immunol 15:821-850 (Pubitemid 27169300)
290. Weis WI, Taylor ME, Drickamer K (1998) The C-type lectin superfamily in the immune system. Immunol Rev 163:19-34 (Pubitemid 28327859)
291. Weissman D, Li Y, Orenstein JM, Fauci AS (1995) Both a precursor and a mature population of dendritic cells can bind HIV. However, only the mature population that expresses CD80 can pass infection to unstimulated CD4+ T cells. J Immunol 155(8):4111-4117
292. Weissman D, Barker TD, Fauci AS (1996) The ef fi ciency of acute infection of CD4+ T cells is markedly enhanced in the setting of antigen-specific immune activation. J Exp Med 183(2): 687-692 (Pubitemid 26059526)
293. Wiley RD, Gummuluru S (2006) Immature dendritic cell-derived exosomes can mediate HIV-1 trans infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(3):738-743
294. Wilflingseder D, Banki Z, Garcia E, Pruenster M, P fi ster G, Muellauer B, Nikolic DS, Gassner C, Ammann CG, Dierich MP, Piguet V, Stoiber H (2007) IgG opsonization of HIV impedes provirus formation in and infection of dendritic cells and subsequent long-term transfer to T cells. J Immunol 178(12):7840-7848 (Pubitemid 46898056)
295. Wu L, KewalRamani VN (2006) Dendritic-cell interactions with HIV: infection and viral dissemination. Nat Rev Immunol 6(11):859-868 (Pubitemid 44631654)
296. Wu L, Martin TD, Carrington M, KewalRamani VN (2004) Raji B cells, misidenti fi ed as THP-1 cells, stimulate DC-SIGN-mediated HIV transmission. Virology 318(1):17-23 (Pubitemid 38234256)
297. Yonkers NL, Rodriguez B, Asaad R, Lederman MM, Anthony DD (2011) Systemic immune activation in HIV infection is associated with decreased MDC responsiveness to TLR ligand and inability to activate naive CD4 T-cells. PLoS One 6(9):e23884
298. Yu HJ, Reuter MA, McDonald D (2008) HIV traffics through a specialized, surface-accessible intracellular compartment during trans-infection of T cells by mature dendritic cells. PLoS Pathog 4(8):e1000134
299. Zaitseva M, Blauvelt A, Lee S, Lapham CK, Klaus-Kovtun V, Mostowski H, Manischewitz J, Golding H (1997) Expression and function of CCR5 and CXCR4 on human Langerhans cells and macrophages: implications for HIV primary infection. Nat Med 3(12):1369-1375 (Pubitemid 28011037)
300. Zhou D, Spector SA (2008) Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection inhibits autophagy. AIDS 22(6):695-699 (Pubitemid 351450637)
301. Zoeteweij JP, Blauvelt A (1998) HIV-dendritic cell interactions promote Efficient viral infection of T cells. J Biomed Sci 5(4):253-259 (Pubitemid 28351189)