Immunobiology of dendritic cells

Annual Review of Immunology

Volumn 18, Issue , 2000, Pages 767-811

  Banchereau, Jacques ^a   Briere, Francine ^b   Caux, Christophe ^b   Davoust, Jean ^a   Lebecque, Serge ^b   Liu, Yong Jun ^b   Pulendran, Bali ^a   Palucka, Karolina ^a  

^a BAYLOR INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH   (United States)

^b MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Antigen presentation; B cell differentiation; Chemokines; Dendritic cell subsets; Innate immunity; T cell priming

Indexed keywords

CD1 ANTIGEN; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 1; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2;

ANIMAL CELL; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; CELL MIGRATION; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; DENDRITIC CELL; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOBIOLOGY; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION;

ANIMALS; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ANTIGENS; B-LYMPHOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; HUMANS; LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; T-LYMPHOCYTES;

EID: 0034041033     PISSN: 07320582     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.767     Document Type: Review

References (293)

1. Fearon, D.T., R.M. Locksley. 1996. The instructive role of innate immunity in the acquired immune response. Science 272:50-53
2. Hoffmann, J.A., F.C. Kafatos, C.A. Janeway, R.A. Ezekowitz. 1999. Phylogenetic perspectives in innate immunity. Science 284:1313-18
3. Medzhitov, R., C.A. Janeway, Jr. 1997. Innate immunity: the virtues of a nonclonal system of recognition. Cell 91: 295-98
4. Matzinger P. 1994. Tolerance, danger, and the extended family. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:991-1045
5. Muzio, M., G. Natoli, S. Saccani, M. Levrero, A. Mantovani. 1998. The human toll signaling pathway: divergence of nuclear factor KB and JNK/ SAPK activation upstream of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). J. Exp. Med. 187:2097-101
6. Brightbill, H.D., D.H. Libraty, S.R. Krutzik, R.B. Yang, J.T. Belisle, J.R. Bleharski, M. Maitland, M.V. Norgard, S.E. Plevy, S.T. Smale, P.J. Brennan, B.R. Bloom, P.J. Godowski, R.L. Modlin. 1999. Host defense mechanisms triggered by microbial lipoproteins through toll-like receptors. Science 285:732-36
7. Aliprantis, A.O., R.B. Yang, M.R. Mark, S. Suggett, B. Devaux, J.D. Radolf, G.R. Klimpel, P. Godowski, A. Zychlinsky. 1999. Cell activation and apoptosis by bacterial lipoproteins through toll-like receptor-2. Science 285:736-39
8. Banchereau, J., R.M. Steinman. 1998. Dendritic cells and the control of immunity. Nature 392:245-52
9. Bell, D., J.W. Young, J. Banchereau. 1999. Dendritic cells. Adv. Immunol. 72:255-324
10. Hart DN. 1997. Dendritic cells: unique leukocyte populations which control the primary immune response. Blood 90: 3245-87
11. Steinman RM. 1991. The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9:271-96
12. Lambrecht, B.N., B. Salomon, D. Klatzmann, R.A. Pauwels. 1998. Dendritic cells are required for the development of chronic eosinophilic airway inflammation in response to inhaled antigen in sensitized mice. J. Immunol. 160:4090-97
13. Inaba, K., M. Inaba, N. Romani, H. Aya, M. Deguchi, S. Ikehara, S. Muramatsu, R.M. Steinman. 1992. Generation of large numbers of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow cultures supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J. Exp. Med. 176:1693-702
14. Scheicher, C., M. Mehlig, R. Zecher, K. Reske. 1992. Dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow: in vitro differentiation using low doses of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J. Immunol. Methods 154:253-64
15. Ardavin, C., L. Wu, C.L. Li, K. Shortman. 1993. Thymic dendritic cells and T cells develop simultaneously in the thymus from a common precursor population. Nature 362:761-63
16. Saunders, D., K. Lucas, J. Ismaili, L. Wu, E. Maraskovsky, A. Dunn, K. Shortman. 1996. Dendritic cell development in culture from thymic precursor cells in the absence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. J. Exp. Med. 184:2185-96
17. Steinman, R.M., M. Pack, K. Inaba. 1997. Dendritic cells in the T-cell areas of lymphoid organs. Immunol. Rev. 156:25-37
18. Vremec, D., M. Zorbas, R. Scollay, D.J. Saunders, C.F. Ardavin, L. Wu, K. Shortman. 1992. The surface phenotype of dendritic cells purified from mouse thymus and spleen: investigation of the CD8 expression by a subpopulation of dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 176:47-58
19. Wu, L., C.L. Li, K. Shortman. 1996. Thymic dendritic cell precursors: relationship to the T lymphocyte lineage and phenotype of the dendritic cell progeny. J. Exp. Med. 184:903-11
20. Shortman, K., D. Vremec, L.M. Corcoran, K. Georgopoulos, K. Lucas, L. Wu. 1998. The linkage between T-cell and dendritic cell development in the mouse thymus. Immunol. Rev. 165:39-46
21. Vremec D. K. Shortman. 1997. Dendritic cell subtypes in mouse lymphoid organs: cross-correlation of surface markers, changes with incubation, and differences among thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. J. Immunol. 159:565-73
22. Maraskovsky E., K. Brasel, M. Teepe, E.R. Roux, S.D. Lyman, K. Shortman, H.J. McKenna. 1996. Dramatic increase in the numbers of functionally mature dendritic cells in Flt3 ligand-treated mice: multiple dendritic cell subpopulations identified. J. Exp. Med. 184:1953-62
23. Pulendran B., J. Lingappa, M.K. Kennedy, J. Smith, M. Teepe, A. Rudensky, C.R. Maliszewski, E. Maraskovsky. 1997. Developmental pathways of dendritic cells in vivo: distinct function, phenotype, and localization of dendritic cell subsets in FLT3 ligand-treated mice. J. Immunol. 159:2222-31
24. De Smedt T., B. Pajak, E. Muraille, L. Lespagnard, E. Heinen, P. De Baetselier, J. Urbain, O. Leo, M. Moser, 1996. Regulation of dendritic cell numbers and maturation by lipopolysaccharide in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 184:1413-24
25. Leenen P.J., K. Radosevic, J.S. Voerman, B. Salomon, N. van Rooijen, D. Klatzmann, W. van Ewijk. 1998. Heterogeneity of mouse spleen dendritic cells: in vivo phagocytic activity, expression of macrophage markers, and subpopulation turnover. J. Immunol. 160:2166-73
26. Reis e Sousa C.R., S. Hieny, T. Scharton-Kersten, D. Jankovic, H. Charest, R.N. Germain, A. Sher. 1997. In vivo microbial stimulation induces rapid CD40 ligand-independent production of interleukin 12 by dendritic cells and their redistribution to T cell areas. J. Exp. Med. 186:1819-29
27. Maldonado-Lopez R, T. De Smedt, P. Michel, J. Godfroid, B. Pajak, C. Heirman, K. Thielemans, O. Leo, J. Urbain, M. Moser. 1999. CD8α+ and CD8α -subclasses of dendritic cells direct the development of distinct T helper cells in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 189:587-92
28. Ohteki, T., T. Fukao, K. Suzue, C. Maki, M. Ito, M. Nakamura, S. Koyasu. 1999. Interleukin 12-dependent interferon γ production by CD8α+ lymphoid dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 189:1981-86
29. Kronin, V., K. Winkel, G. Suss, A. Kelso, W. Heath, J. Kirberg, H. von Boehmer, K. Shortman. 1996. A subclass of dendritic cells regulates the response of naive CD8 T cells by limiting their IL-2 production. J. Immunol. 157:3819-27
30. Suss G., K. Shortman. 1996. A subclass of dendritic cells kills CD4 T cells via Fas/Fas-ligand-induced apoptosis. J. Exp. Med. 183:1789-96
31. Pulendran B., J.L. Smith, G. Caspary, K. Brasel, D. Pettit, E. Maraskovsky, C.R. Maliszewski. 1999. Distinct dendritic cell subsets differentially regulate the class of immune response in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:1036-41
32. Lyman S.D., S.E. Jacobsen. 1998. c-kit ligand and Flt3 ligand: stem/progenitor cell factors with overlapping yet distinct activities. Blood 91:1101-34
33. Shurin M.R., P.P. Pandharipande, T.D. Zorina, C. Haluszczak, V.M. Subbotin, O. Hunter, A. Brumfield, W.J. Storkus, E. Maraskovsky, M.T. Lotze. 1997. FLT3 ligand induces the generation of functionally active dendritic cells in mice. Cell Immunol. 179:174-84
34. Mohamadzadeh M., H. Jonuleit, G. Kolde, A. Pavlidou, E. Schmitt, J. Knop. 1993. Functional and morphological characterization of 4F7+ spleen accessory dendritic cells. Int. Immunol. 5:615-24
35. Salomon B., J.L. Cohen, C. Masurier, D. Klatzmann. 1998. Three populations of mouse lymph node dendritic cells with different origins and dynamics. J. Immunol. 160:708-17
36. Borkowski T.A., J.J. Letterio, A.G. Farr, M.C. Udey. 1996. A role for endogenous transforming growth factor β1 in Langerhans cell biology: the skin of transforming growth factor β1 null mice is devoid of epidermal Langerhans cells. J. Exp. Med. 184:2417-22
37. Burkly L., C. Hession, L. Ogata, C. Reilly, L.A. Marconi, D. Olson, R. Tizard, R. Cate, D. Lo. 1995. Expression of relB is required for the development of thymic medulla and dendritic cells. Nature 373:531-36
38. Wu L., A. Nichogiannopoulou, K. Shortman, K. Georgopoulos. 1997. Cell-autonomous defects in dendritic cell populations of Ikaros mutant mice point to a developmental relationship with the lymphoid lineage. Immunity 7:483-92
39. Weih, F., D. Carrasco, S.K. Durham, D.S. Barton, C.A. Rizzo, R.P. Ryseck, S.A. Lira, R. Bravo. 1995. Multiorgan inflammation and hematopoietic abnormalities in mice with a targeted disruption of RelB, a member of the NF-γ B/Rel family. Cell 80:331-40
40. Boehmelt, G., J. Madruga, P. Dorfler, K. Briegel, H. Schwarz, P.J. Enrietto, M. Zenke. 1995. Dendritic cell progenitor is transformed by a conditional v-Rel estrogen receptor fusion protein v-RelER. Cell 80:341-52
41. Grouard, G., M.C. Rissoan, L. Filgueira, I. Durand, J. Banchereau, Y.J. Liu. 1997. The enigmatic plasmacytoid T cells develop into dendritic cells with interleukin (IL)-3 and CD40-ligand. J. Exp. Med. 185:1101-11
42. Olweus, J., A. BitMansour, R. Warnke, P.A. Thompson, J. Carballido, L.J. Picker, F. Lund-Johansen. 1997. Dendritic cell ontogeny: a human dendritic cell lineage of myeloid origin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:12551-56
43. O'Doherty, U., R.M. Steinman, M. Peng, P.U. Cameron, S. Gezelter, I. Kopeloff, W.J. Swiggard, M. Pope, N. Bhardwaj. 1993. Dendritic cells freshly isolated from human blood express CD4 and mature into typical immunostimulatory dendritic cells after culture in monocyte-conditioned medium. J. Exp. Med. 178:1067-76
44. Strobl, H., C. Scheinecker, E. Riedl, B. Csmarits, C. Bello-Fernandez, W.F. Pickl, O. Majdic, W. Knapp. 1998. Identification of CD68 + lin-peripheral blood cells with dendritic precursor characteristics. J. Immunol. 161:740-48
45. Strunk, D., C. Egger, G. Leitner, D. Hanau, G. Stingl. 1997. A skin homing molecule defines the langerhans cell progenitor in human peripheral blood. J. Exp. Med. 185:1131-36
46. Galy, A., M. Travis, D. Cen, B. Chen. 1995. Human T, B, natural killer, and dendritic cells arise from a common bone marrow progenitor cell subset. Immunity 3:459-73
47. Res, P., E. Martinez-Caceres, A. Cristina Jaleco, F. Staal, E. Noteboom, K. Weijer, H. Spits. 1996. CD34 + CD38dim cells in the human thymus can differentiate into T, natural killer, and dendritic cells but are distinct from pluripotent stem cells. Blood 87:5196-206
48. Romani, N., S. Gruner, D. Brang, E. Kampgen, A. Lenz, B. Trockenbacher, G. Konwalinka, P.O. Fritsch, R.M. Steinman, G. Schuler. 1994. Proliferating dendritic cell progenitors in human blood. J. Exp. Med. 180:83-93
49. Sallusto, F., A. Lanzavecchia. 1994. Efficient presentation of soluble antigen by cultured human dendritic cells is maintained by granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus interleukin 4 and downregulated by tumor necrosis factor α. J. Exp. Med. 179:1109-18
50. Zhou, L.J., T.F. Tedder. 1996. CD14 + blood monocytes can differentiate into functionally mature CD83+ dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:2588-92
51. Ito, T., M. Inaba, K. Inaba, J. Toki, S. Sogo, T. Iguchi, Y. Adachi, K. Yamaguchi, R. Amakawa, J. Valladeau, S. Saeland, S. Fukuhara, S. Ikehara. 1999. A CD1a + /CD11c+ subset of human blood dendritic cells is a direct precursor of langerhans cells. J. Immunol. 163: 1409-19
52. Strobl, H., C. Bello-Fernandez, E. Riedl, W.F. Pickl, O. Majdic, S.D. Lyman, W. Knapp. 1997. flt3 ligand in cooperation with transforming growth factor-β1 potentiates in vitro development of Langerhans-type dendritic cells and allows single-cell dendritic cell cluster formation under serum-free conditions. Blood 90:1425-34
53. Caux, C., B. Vanbervliet, C. Massacrier, C. Dezutter-Dambuyant, B. de Saint-Vis, C. Jacquet, K. Yoneda, S. Imamura, D. Schmitt, J. Banchereau. 1996. CD34 + hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to GM-CSF + TNFα. J. Exp. Med. 184:695-706
54. Palucka, K.A., N. Taquet, F. Sanchez-Chapuis, J.C. Gluckman. 1998. Dendritic cells as the terminal stage of monocyte differentiation. J. Immunol. 160:4587-95
55. Cella, M., D. Jarrossay, F. Facchetti, O. Alebardi, H. Nakajima, A. Lanzavecchia, M. Colonna. 1999. Plasmacytoid monocytes migrate to inflamed lymph nodes and produce large amounts of type 1 interferon. Nat. Med. 5:919-23
56. Palucka, K., J. Banchereau. 1999. Linking innate and adaptive immunity. Nat. Med. 5:868-70
57. Rissoan, M.C., V. Soumelis, N. Kadowaki, G. Grouard, F. Briere, R. de Waal Malefyt, Y.J. Liu. 1999. Reciprocal control of T helper cell and dendritic cell differentiation. Science 283:1183-86
58. Siegal, F.P., N. Kadowaki, M. Shodell, P.A. Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, K. Shah, S. Ho, S. Antonenko, Y.J. Liu. 1999. The nature of the principal type 1 interferon-producing cells in human blood. Science 284:1835-37
59. Bruno, L., P. Res, M. Dessing, M. Cella, H. Spits. 1997. Identification of a committed T cell precursor population in adult human peripheral blood. J. Exp. Med. 185:875-84
60. Nestle, F.O., X.G. Zheng, C.B. Thompson, L.A. Turka, B.J. Nickoloff. 1993. Characterization of dermal dendritic cells obtained from normal human skin reveals phenotypic and functionally distinctive subsets. J. Immunol. 151:6535-45. Erratum. 1994. J. Immunol. 152(1): 376
61. Nestle, F.O., X.G. Zheng, C.B. Thompson, L.A. Turka, B.J. Nickoloff. 1993. Characterization of dermal dendritic cells obtained from normal human skin reveals phenotypic and functionally distinctive subsets. J. Immunol. 151:6535-45. Erratum. 1994. J. Immunol. 152(1): 376
62. Caux, C., C. Dezutter-Dambuyant, D. Schmitt, J. Banchereau. 1992. GM-CSF and TNF-α cooperate in the generation of dendritic Langerhans cells. Nature 360:258-61
63. Caux, C., C. Massacrier, B. Vanbervliet, B. Dubois, I. Durand, M. Cella, A. Lanzavecchia, J. Banchereau. 1997. CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors from human cord blood differentiate along two independent dendritic cell pathways in response to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plus tumor necrosis factor α: II. Functional analysis. Blood 90:1458-70
64. de Saint-Vis, B., I. Fugier-Vivier, C. Massacrier, C. Gaillard, B. Vanbervliet, S. Ait-Yahia, J. Banchereau, Y.J. Liu, S. Lebecque, C. Caux. 1998. The cytokine profile expressed by human dendritic cells is dependent on cell subtype and mode of activation. J. Immunol. 160:1666-76
65. Mommaas, A.M., A.A. Mulder, R. Jordens, C. Out, M.C. Tan, P. Cresswell, P.M. Kluin, F. Koning. 1999. Human epidermal Langerhans cells lack functional mannose receptors and a fully developed endosomal/lysosomal compartment for loading of HLA class II molecules. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:571-80
66. Mortarini, R., A. Anichini, M. Di Nicola, S. Siena, M. Bregni, F. Belli, A. Molla, A.M. Gianni, G. Parmiani. 1997. Autologous dendritic cells derived from CD34+ progenitors and from monocytes are not functionally equivalent antigen-presenting cells in the induction of melan-A/Mart-1(27-35)-specific CTLs from peripheral blood lymphocytes of melanoma patients with low frequency of CTL precursors. Cancer Res. 57:5534-41
67. Ferbas, J.J., J.F. Toso, A.J. Logar, J.S. Navratil, C.R. Rinaldo, Jr. 1994. CD4+ blood dendritic cells are potent producers of IFN-α in response to in vitro HIV-1 infection. J. Immunol. 152:649-62. Erratum. 1994. J. Immunol. 153(2):910
68. Ferbas, J.J., J.F. Toso, A.J. Logar, J.S. Navratil, C.R. Rinaldo, Jr. 1994. CD4+ blood dendritic cells are potent producers of IFN-α in response to in vitro HIV-1 infection. J. Immunol. 152:649-62. Erratum. 1994. J. Immunol. 153(2):910
69. Austyn, J.M., J.W. Kupiec-Weglinski, D.F. Hankins, P.J. Morris. 1988. Migration patterns of dendritic cells in the mouse: homing to T cell-dependent areas of spleen, and binding within marginal zone. J. Exp. Med. 167:646-51
70. McWilliam, A.S., S. Napoli, A.M. Marsh, F.L. Pemper, D.J. Nelson, C.L. Pimm, P.A. Stumbles, T.N. Wells, PG. Holt. 1996. Dendritic cells are recruited into the airway epithelium during the inflammatory response to a broad spectrum of stimuli. J. Exp. Med. 184:2429-32
71. McWilliam, A.S., D. Nelson, J.A. Thomas, P.G. Holt. 1994. Rapid dendritic cell recruitment is a hallmark of the acute inflammatory response at mucosal surfaces. J. Exp. Med. 179:1331-36
72. Dieu, M.C., B. Vanbervliet, A. Vicari, J.M. Bridon, E. Oldham, S. Ait-Yahia, F. Briere, A. Zlotnik, S. Lebecque, C. Caux. 1998. Selective recruitment of immature and mature dendritic cells by distinct chemokines expressed in different anatomic sites. J. Exp. Med. 188:373-86
73. Power, C.A., D.J. Church, A. Meyer, S. Alouani, A.E. Proudfoot, I. Clark-Lewis, S. Sozzani, A. Mantovani, T.N. Wells. 1997. Cloning and characterization of a specific receptor for the novel CC chemokine MIP-3α from lung dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:825-35
74. Greaves, D.R., W. Wang, D.J. Dairaghi, M.C. Dieu, B. Saint-Vis, K. Franz-Bacon, D. Rossi, C. Caux, T. McClanahan, S. Gordon, A. Zlotnik, T.J. Schall. 1997. CCR6, a CC chemokine receptor that interacts with macrophage inflammatory protein 3α and is highly expressed in human dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:837-44
75. Tanaka, Y., T. Imai, M. Baba, I. Ishikawa, M. Uehira, H. Nomiyama, O. Yoshie. 1999. Selective expression of liver and activation-regulated chemokine (LARC) in intestinal epithelium in mice and humans. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:633-42
76. Liao, F., R.L. Rabin, C.S. Smith, G. Sharma, T.B. Nutman, J.M. Farber. 1999. CC-chemokine receptor 6 is expressed on diverse memory subsets of T cells and determines responsiveness to macrophage inflammatory protein 3α. J. Immunol. 162:186-94
77. Bell, D., D. Chomarat, D. Broyles, G. Netto, G.M. Harb, S. Lebecque, J. Valladeau, J. Davoust, A. Palucka, J. Banchereau. 1999. In breast carcinoma tissue, immature DC reside within the tumor while mature DC are located in peritumoral area. J. Exp. Med. 190:1417-26
78. Jakob, T., M.C. Udey. 1998. Regulation of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion in Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells by inflammatory mediators that mobilize Langerhans cells in vivo. J. Immunol. 160:4067-73
79. Tang, A., M. Amagai, L.G. Granger, J.R. Stanley, M.C. Udey. 1993. Adhesion of epidermal Langerhans cells to keratinocytes mediated by E-cadherin. Nature 361:82-85
80. Kobayashi, Y. 1997. Langerhans' cells produce type IV collagenase (MMP-9) following epicutaneous stimulation with haptens. Immunology 90:496-501
81. Hashimoto, S., T. Suzuki, H.Y. Dong, S. Nagai, N. Yamazaki, K. Matsushima. 1999. Serial analysis of gene expression in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Blood 94:845-52
82. Engering, A.J., M. Cella, D. Fluitsma, M. Brockhaus, E.C. Hoefsmit, A. Lanzavecchia, J. Pieters. 1997. The mannose receptor functions as a high capacity and broad specificity antigen receptor in human dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:2417-25
83. Jiang, W., W.J. Swiggard, C. Heufler, M. Peng, A. Mirza, R.M. Steinman, M.C. Nussenzweig. 1995. The receptor DEC-205 expressed by dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells is involved in antigen processing. Nature 375:151-55
84. Sallusto, F., M. Cella, C. Danieli, A. Lanzavecchia. 1995. Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: downregulation by cytokines and bacterial products. J. Exp. Med. 182:389-400
85. Tan, M.C., A.M. Mommaas, J.W. Drijfhout, R. Jordens, J.J. Onderwater, D. Verwoerd, A.A. Mulder, A.N. van der Heiden, D. Scheidegger, L.C. Oomen, T.H. Ottenhoff, A. Tulp, J.J. Neefjes, F. Koning. 1997. Mannose receptor-mediated uptake of antigens strongly enhances HLA class II-restricted antigen presentation by cultured dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:2426-35
86. Reis e Sousa, C., P.D. Stahl, J.M. Austyn. 1993. Phagocytosis of antigens by Langerhans cells in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 178:509-19
87. Fanger, N.A., K. Wardwell, L. Shen, T.F. Tedder, P.M. Guyre. 1996. Type I (CD64) and type II (CD32) Fc γ receptor-mediated phagocytosis by human blood dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 157:541-48
88. Matsuno, K., T. Ezaki, S. Kudo, Y. Uehara. 1996. A life stage of particle-laden rat dendritic cells in vivo: their terminal division, active phagocytosis, and translocation from the liver to the draining lymph. J. Exp. Med. 183:1865-78
89. Albert, M.L., S.F. Pearce, L.M. Francisco, B. Sauter, P. Roy, R.L. Silverstein, N. Bhardwaj. 1998. Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via αvβ5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 188:1359-68
90. Albert, M.L., B. Sauter, N. Bhardwaj. 1998. Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. Nature 392:86-89
91. Rubartelli, A., A. Poggi, M.R. Zocchi. 1997. The selective engulfment of apoptotic bodies by dendritic cells is mediated by the α(v)β3 integrin and requires intracellular and extracellular calcium. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:1893-900
92. Inaba, K., M. Inaba, M. Naito, R.M. Steinman. 1993. Dendritic cell progenitors phagocytose particulates, including bacillus Calmette-Guerin organisms, and sensitize mice to mycobacterial antigens in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 178:479-88
93. Rescigno, M., F. Granucci, S. Citterio, M. Foti, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli. 1999. Coordinated events during bacteria-induced DC maturation. Immunol. Today 20:200-3
94. Moll, H. 1993. Epidermal Langerhans cells are critical for immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Immunol. Today 14:383-87
95. Arnold-Schild, D., D. Hanau, D. Spehner, C. Schmid, H.G. Rammensee, H. de la Salle, H. Schild. 1999. Cutting edge: receptor-mediated endocytosis of heat shock proteins by professional antigen-presenting cells. J. Immunol. 162:3757-60
96. Todryk, S., A.A. Melcher, N. Hardwick, E. Linardakis, A. Bateman, M.P. Colombo, A. Stoppacciaro, R.G. Vile. 1999. Heat shock protein 70 induced during tumor cell killing induces Th1 cytokines and targets immature dendritic cell precursors to enhance antigen uptake. J. Immunol. 163:1398-408
97. Valladeau, J., V. Duvert-Frances, JJ. Pin, C. Massacrier, J. Vincent, K. Yoneda, C. Dezutter-Dambuyant, C. Vincent, J. Banchereau, C. Caux, J. Davoust, S. Saeland. 1999. The monoclonal antibody DCGM4 recognizes langerin, a protein specific of Langherans cells, and is rapidly internalized from the cell-surface. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:2695-2704
98. Valladeau, J., O. Ravel, C. Dezutter-Dambuyant, K. Moore, M. Kleijmeer, V. Duvert-Frances, C. Vincent, D. Schmitt, J. Davoust, C. Caux, S. Lebecque, S. Saeland. 1999. Langerin, a novel transmembrane C-type lectin specific of Langherans cells, induces the formation of Birbeck granules. Immunity. In press
99. Maurer, D., E. Fiebiger, B. Reininger, C. Ebner, P. Petzelbauer, G.P. Shi, H.A. Chapman, G. Stingl. 1998. Fc epsilon receptor I on dendritic cells delivers IgE-bound multivalent antigens into a cathep-sin S-dependent pathway of MHC class II presentation. J. Immunol. 161:2731-39
100. Akbari, O., N. Panjwani, S. Garcia, R. Tascon, D. Lowrie, B. Stockinger. 1999. DNA vaccination: transfection and activation of dendritic cells as key events for immunity. J. Exp. Med. 189:169-78
101. Hacker, H., H. Mischak, T. Miethke, S. Liptay, R. Schmid, T. Sparwasser, K. Heeg, G.B. Lipford, H. Wagner. 1998. CpG-DNA-specific activation of antigen-presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by nonspecific endocytosis and endosomal maturation. EMBO J. 17:6230-40
102. Hartmann, G., G.J. Weiner, A.M. Krieg. 1999. CpG DNA: a potent signal for growth, activation, and maturation of human dendritic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:9305-10
103. Cella, M., M. Salio, Y. Sakakibara, H. Langen, I. Julkunen, A. Lanzavecchia. 1999. Maturation, activation, and protection of dendritic cells induced by double-stranded RNA. J. Exp. Med. 189:821-29
104. Winzler, C., P. Rovere, M. Rescigno, F. Granucci, G. Penna, L. Adorini, V.S. Zimmermann, J. Davoust, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli. 1997. Maturation stages of mouse dendritic cells in growth factor-dependent long-term cultures. J. Exp. Med. 185:317-28
105. Mosialos, G., M. Birkenbach, S. Ayehunie, F. Matsumura, G.S. Pinkus, E. Kieff, E. Langhoff. 1996. Circulating human dendritic cells differentially express high levels of a 55-kd actin-bundling protein. Am. J. Pathol. 148:593-600
106. Ross, R., X.L. Ross, J. Schwing, T. Langin, A.B. Reske-Kunz. 1998. The actin-bundling protein fascin is involved in the formation of dendritic processes in maturing epidermal Langerhans cells. J. Immunol. 160:3776-82
107. Binks, M., G.E. Jones, P.M. Brickell, C. Kinnon, D.R. Katz, A.J. Thrasher. 1998. Intrinsic dendritic cell abnormalities in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:3259-67
108. Parolini, O., S. Berardelli, E. Riedl, C. Bello-Fernandez, H. Strobl, O. Majdic, W. Knapp. 1997. Expression of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) gene during hematopoietic differentiation. Blood 90:70-75
109. Cella, M., C. Dohring, J. Samaridis, M. Dessing, M. Brockhaus, A. Lanzavecchia, M. Colonna. 1997. A novel inhibitory receptor (ILT3) expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells involved in antigen processing. J. Exp. Med. 185:1743-51
110. Long, E.O. 1999. Regulation of immune responses through inhibitory receptors. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17:875-904
111. Kripke, M.L., C.G. Munn, A. Jeevan, J.M. Tang, C. Bucana. 1990. Evidence that cutaneous antigen-presenting cells migrate to regional lymph nodes during contact sensitization. J. Immunol. 145:2833-38
112. Larsen, C.P., R.M. Steinman, M. Witmer-Pack, D.F. Hankins, P.J. Morris, J.M. Austyn. 1990. Migration and maturation of Langerhans cells in skin transplants and explants. J. Exp. Med. 172:1483-93
113. Macatonia, S.E., S.C. Knight, A.J. Edwards, S. Griffiths, P. Fryer. 1987. Localization of antigen on lymph node dendritic cells after exposure to the contact sensitizer fluorescein isothiocyanate: functional and morphological studies. J. Exp. Med. 166:1654-67
114. Fossum, S. 1988. Lymph-borne dendritic leucocytes do not recirculate, but enter the lymph node paracortex to become interdigitating cells. Scand. J. Immunol. 27:97-105
115. Cumberbatch, M., I. Kimber. 1995. Tumour necrosis factor-α is required for accumulation of dendritic cells in draining lymph nodes and for optimal contact sensitization. Immunology 84:31-35
116. Sallusto, F., P. Schaerli, P. Loetscher, C. Schaniel, D. Lenig, C.R. Mackay, S. Qin, A. Lanzavecchia. 1998. Rapid and coordinated switch in chemokine receptor expression during dendritic cell maturation. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:2760-69
117. Sozzani, S., P. Allavena, A. Vecchi, A. Mantovani. 1999. The role of chemokines in the regulation of dendritic cell trafficking. J. Leukocyte Biol. 66:1-9
118. Yoshida, R., T. Imai, K. Hieshima, J. Kusuda, M. Baba, M. Kitaura, M. Nishimura, M. Kakizaki, H. Nomiyama, O. Yoshie. 1997. Molecular cloning of a novel human CC chemokine EBI1-ligand chemokine that is a specific functional ligand for EBI1, CCR7. J. Biol. Chem. 272:13803-9
119. Chan, V.W., S. Kothakota, M.C. Rohan, L. Panganiban-Lustan, J.P. Gardner, M.S. Wachowicz, J.A. Winter, L.T. Williams. 1999. Secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC) is chemotactic for mature dendritic cells. Blood 93:3610-16
120. Gunn, M.D., K. Tangemann, C. Tam, J.G. Cyster, S.D. Rosen, L.T. Williams. 1998. A chemokine expressed in lymphoid high endothelial venules promotes the adhesion and chemotaxis of naive T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:258-63
121. Saeki, H., A.M. Moore, M.J. Brown, S.T. Hwang. 1999. Cutting edge: secondary lymphoid-tissue chemokine (SLC) and CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) participate in the emigration pathway of mature dendritic cells from the skin to regional lymph nodes. J. Immunol. 162:2472-75
122. Ngo, V.N., H.L. Tang, J.G. Cyster. 1998. Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 ligand chemokine is expressed by dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues and strongly attracts naive T cells and activated B cells. J. Exp. Med. 188:181-91
123. Campbell, J.J., J. Hedrick, A. Zlotnik, M.A. Siani, D.A. Thompson, E.C. Butcher. 1998. Chemokines and the arrest of lymphocytes rolling under flow conditions. Science 279:381-84
124. Gunn, M.D., S. Kyuwa, C. Tam, T. Kakiuchi, A. Matsuzawa, L.T. Williams, H. Nakano. 1999. Mice lacking expression of secondary lymphoid organ chemokine have defects in lymphocyte homing and dendritic cell localization. J. Exp. Med. 189:451-60
125. Nakano, H., T. Tamura, T. Yoshimoto, H. Yagita, M. Miyasaka, E.C. Butcher, H. Nariuchi, T. Kakiuchi, A. Matsuzawa. 1997. Genetic defect in T lymphocyte-specific homing into peripheral lymph nodes. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:215-21
126. Nakano, H., S. Mori, H. Yonekawa, H. Nariuchi, A. Matsuzawa, T. Kakiuchi. 1998. A novel mutant gene involved in T-lymphocyte-specific homing into peripheral lymphoid organs on mouse chromosome 4. Blood 91:2886-95
127. Forster, R., A.E. Mattis, E. Kremmer, E. Wolf, G. Brem, M. Lipp. 1996. A putative chemokine receptor, BLR1, directs B cell migration to defined lymphoid organs and specific anatomic compartments of the spleen. Cell 87:1037-47
128. Kanazawa, N., T. Nakamura, K. Tashiro, M. Muramatsu, K. Morita, K. Yoneda, K. Inaba, S. Imamura, T. Honjo. 1999. Fractalkine and macrophage-derived chemokine: T cell-attracting chemokines expressed in T cell area dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:1925-32
129. Adema, G. J, F. Hartgers, R. Verstraten, E. de Vries, G. Marland, S. Menon, J. Foster, Y. Xu, P. Nooyen, T. McClanahan, K.B. Bacon, C.G. Figdor. 1997. A dendritic-cell-derived C-C chemokine that preferentially attracts naive T cells. Nature 387:713-17
130. Tang, H.L., J.G. Cyster. 1999. Chemokine up-regulation and activated T cell attraction by maturing dendritic cells. Science 284:819-22
131. Inaba, K., S. Turley, F. Yamaide, T. Iyoda, K. Mahnke, M. Inaba, M. Pack, M. Subklewe, B. Sauter, D. Sheff, M. Albert, N. Bhardwaj, I. Mellman, R.M. Steinman. 1998. Efficient presentation of phagocytosed cellular fragments on the major histocompatibility complex class II products of dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 188:2163-73
132. Inaba, K., M. Pack, M. Inaba, H. Sakuta, F. Isdell, R.M. Steinman. 1997. High levels of a major histocompatibility complex II-self peptide complex on dendritic cells from the T cell areas of lymph nodes. J. Exp. Med. 186:665-72
133. Kleijmeer, M.J., M.A. Ossevoort, C.J. van Veen, JJ. van Hellemond, J.J. Neefjes, W.M. Kast, C.J. Melief, H.J. Geuze. 1995. MHC class II compartments and the kinetics of antigen presentation in activated mouse spleen dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 154:5715-24
134. Nijman, H.W., M.J. Kleijmeer, M.A. Ossevoort, V.M. Oorschot, M.P. Vierboom, M. van de Keur, P. Kenemans, W.M. Kast, H.J. Geuze, C.J. Melief. 1995. Antigen capture and major histocompatibility class II compartments of freshly isolated and cultured human blood dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 182:163-74
135. Cresswell, P. 1996. Invariant chain structure and MHC class II function. Cell 84:505-7
136. Castellino, F., G. Zhong, R.N. Germain. 1997. Antigen presentation by MHC class II molecules: invariant chain function, protein trafficking, and the molecular basis of diverse determinant capture. Hum. Immunol. 54:159-69
137. Rovere, P., V.S. Zimmermann, F. Forquet, D. Demandolx, J. Trucy, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, J. Davoust. 1998. Dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation in the absence of invariant chain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:1067-72
138. Lutz, M.B., P. Rovere, M.J. Kleijmeer, M. Rescigno, C.U. Assmann, V.M. Oorschot, H.J. Geuze, J. Trucy, D. Demandolx, J. Davoust, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli. 1997. Intracellular routes and selective retention of antigens in mildly acidic cathepsin D/lysosome-associated membrane protein-1/MHC class II-positive vesicles in immature dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 159:3707-16
139. Pierre, P., I. Mellman. 1998. Developmental regulation of invariant chain proteolysis controls MHC class II trafficking in mouse dendritic cells. Cell 93:1135-45
140. Cella, M., A. Engering, V. Pinet, J. Pieters, A. Lanzavecchia. 1997. Inflammatory stimuli induce accumulation of MHC class II complexes on dendritic cells. Nature 388:782-87
141. Pierre, P., S.J. Turley, E. Gatti, M. Hull, J. Meltzer, A. Mirza, K. Inaba, R.M. Steinman, I. Mellman. 1997. Developmental regulation of MHC class II transport in mouse dendritic cells. Nature 388:787-92
142. de Saint-Vis, B., J. Vincent, S. Vandenabeele, B. Vanbervliet, J.J. Pin, S. Ait-Yahia, S. Patel, M.G. Mattei, J. Banchereau, S. Zurawski, J. Davoust, C. Caux, S. Lebecque. 1998. A novel lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein, DC-LAMP, induced upon DC maturation, is transiently expressed in MHC class II compartment. Immunity 9:325-36
143. Koppelman, B., J.J. Neefjes, J.E. de Vries, R. de Waal Malefyt. 1997. Interleukin-10 down-regulates MHC class II αβ peptide complexes at the plasma membrane of monocytes by affecting arrival and recycling. Immunity 7:861-71
144. Butz, E. A, M.J. Bevan. 1998. Differential presentation of the same MHC class I epitopes by fibroblasts and dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 160:2139-44
145. Pamer, E., P. Cresswell. 1998. Mechanisms of MHC class I-restricted antigen processing. Annu. Re.v Immunol. 16: 323-58
146. Rock, K.L., A.L. Goldberg. 1999. Degradation of cell proteins and the generation of MHC class I-presented peptides. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17:739-79
147. Bates, E.E., O. Ravel, M.C. Dieu, S. Ho, C. Guret, J.M. Bridon, S. Ait-Yahia, F. Briere, C. Caux, J. Banchereau, S. Lebecque. 1997. Identification and analysis of a novel member of the ubiquitin family expressed in dendritic cells and mature B cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:2471-77
148. Liu, Y.C., J. Pan, C. Zhang, W. Fan, M. Collinge, J.R. Bender, S.M. Weissman. 1999. A MHC-encoded ubiquitin-like protein (FAT10) binds noncovalently to the spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:4313-18
149. Bevan, M.J. 1976. Cross-priming for a secondary cytotoxic response to
150. Bevan, M.I. 1977. Priming for a cytotoxic response to minor histocompatibility antigens: antigen specificity and failure to demonstrate a carrier effect. J. Immunol. 118:1370-74
151. Norbury, C.C., B.J. Chambers, A.R. Prescott, H.G. Ljunggren, C. Watts. 1997. Constitutive macropinocytosis allows TAP-dependent major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous soluble antigen by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:280-88
152. Pfeifer, J.D., M.J. Wick, R.L. Roberts, K. Findlay, S.J. Normark, C.V. Harding. 1993. Phagocytic processing of bacterial antigens for class IMHC presentation to T cells. Nature 361:359-62
153. Kovacsovics-Bankowski, M., K. Clark, B. Benacerraf, K.L. Rock. 1993. Efficient major histocompatibility complex class I presentation of exogenous antigen upon phagocytosis by macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:4942-46
154. Kovacsovics-Bankowski, M., K.L. Rock. 1995. A phagosome-to-cytosol pathway for exogenous antigens presented on MHC class I molecules. Science 267: 243-46
155. Huang, A.Y., P. Golumbek, M. Ahmadzadeh, E. Jaffee, D. Pardoll, H. Levitsky. 1994. Role of bone marrow-derived cells in presenting MHC class I-restricted tumor antigens. Science 264:961-65
156. Sigal, L.J., S. Crotty, R. Andino, K.L. Rock. 1999. Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to virus-infected non-haematopoietic cells requires presentation of exogenous antigen. Nature 398:77-80
157. Kurts, C., F.R. Carbone, M. Barnden, E. Blanas, J. Allison, W.R. Heath, J.F. Miller. 1997. CD4+ T cell help impairs CD8+ T cell deletion induced by cross-presentation of self-antigens and favors autoimmunity. J. Exp. Med. 186:2057-62
158. Nouri-Shirazi, M., D. Bell, S. Burkeholder, E. Kraus, J. Davoust, J. Banchereau, A. Palucka. 1999. Dendritic cells capture tumor cell bodies and process/ present their antigens to elicit primary immune responses. Submitted for publication
159. Regnault, A., D. Lankar, V. Lacabanne, A. Rodriguez, C. Thery, M. Rescigno, T. Saito, S. Verbeek, C. Bonnerot, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, S. Amigorena. 1999. Fcγ receptor-mediated induction of dendritic cell maturation and major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted antigen presentation after immune complex internalization. J. Exp. Med. 189:371-80
160. Zitvogel, L., A. Regnault, A. Lozier, J. Wolfers, C. Rament, D. Tenza, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, G. Raposo, S. Amigorena. 1998. Eradication of established murine tumors using a novel cell-free vaccine: dendritic cell-derived exosomes. Nat. Med. 4:594-600
161. Chandawarkar, R.Y., M.S. Wagh, P.K. Srivastava. 1999. The dual nature of specific immunological activity of tumor-derived gp96 preparations. J. Exp. Med. 189:1437-42
162. Burdin, N., M. Kronenberg. 1999. CD1-mediated immune responses to glycolipids. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11:326-31
163. Porcelli, S.A., R.L. Modlin. 1999. The CD1 system: antigen-presenting molecules for T cell recognition of lipids and glycolipids. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17:297-329
164. Kitamura, H., K. Iwakabe, T. Yahata, S. Nishimura, A. Ohta, Y. Ohmi, M. Sato, K. Takeda, K. Okumura, L. Van Kaer, T. Kawano, M. Taniguchi, T. Nishimura. 1999. The natural killer T (NKT) cell ligand α-galactosylceramide demonstrates its immunopotentiating effect by inducing interleukin (IL)-12 production by dendritic cells and IL-12 receptor expression on NKT cells. J. Exp. Med. 189:1121-28
165. Inaba, K., J.P. Metlay, M.T. Crowley, R.M. Steinman. 1990. Dendritic cells pulsed with protein antigens in vitro can prime antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cells in situ. J. Exp. Med. 172:631-40. Erratum. 1990. J. Exp. Med. 172(4):1275
166. Inaba, K., J.P. Metlay, M.T. Crowley, R.M. Steinman. 1990. Dendritic cells pulsed with protein antigens in vitro can prime antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cells in situ. J. Exp. Med. 172:631-40. Erratum. 1990. J. Exp. Med. 172(4):1275
167. Ingulli, E., A. Mondino, A. Khoruts, M.K. Jenkins. 1997. In vivo detection of dendritic cell antigen presentation to CD4(+) T cells. J. Exp. Med. 185:2133-41
168. Sornasse, T., V. Flamand, G. De Becker, H. Bazin, F. Tielemans, K. Thielemans, J. Urbain, O. Leo, M. Moser. 1992. Antigen-pulsed dendritic cells can efficiently induce an antibody response in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 175:15-21
169. Pulendran, B., J.L. Smith, M. Jenkins, M. Schoenborn, E. Maraskovsky, C.R. Maliszewski. 1998. Prevention of peripheral tolerance by a dendritic cell growth factor: flt3 ligand as an adjuvant. J. Exp. Med. 188:2075-82
170. Shimizu, Y., L.G. Guidotti, P. Fowler, F.V. Chisari. 1998. Dendritic cell immunization breaks cytotoxic T lymphocyte tolerance in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. J. Immunol. 161:4520-29
171. Gong, J., D. Chen, M. Kashiwaba, Y. Li, L. Chen, H. Takeuchi, H. Qu, G.J. Rowse, S.J. Gendler, D. Kufe. 1998. Reversal of tolerance to human MUC1 antigen in MUC1 transgenic mice immunized with fusions of dendritic and carcinoma cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:6279-83
172. Steptoe, R.J., F. Fu, W. Li, M.L. Drakes, L. Lu, A.J. Demetris, S. Qian, H.J. McKenna, A.W. Thomson. 1997. Augmentation of dendritic cells in murine organ donors by Flt3 ligand alters the balance between transplant tolerance and immunity. J. Immunol. 159:5483-91
173. Ridge, J.P., E.J. Fuchs, P. Matzinger. 1996. Neonatal tolerance revisited: turning on newborn T cells with dendritic cells. Science 271:1723-26
174. Inaba, K., J.W. Young, R.M. Steinman. 1987. Direct activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes by dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 166:182-94
175. Young, J.W., R.M. Steinman. 1990. Dendritic cells stimulate primary human cytolytic lymphocyte responses in the absence of CD4+ helper T cells. J. Exp. Med. 171:1315-32
176. McCoy, K.D., I.F. Hermans, J.H. Fraser, G. Le Gros, F. Ronchese. 1999. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) can regulate dendritic cell-induced activation and cytotoxicity of CD8(+) T cells independently of CD4(+) T cell help. J. Exp. Med. 189:1157-62
177. Macatonia, S.E., P.M. Taylor, S.C. Knight, B.A. Askonas. 1989. Primary stimulation by dendritic cells induces antiviral proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 169:1255-64
178. Nair, S., F. Zhou, R. Reddy, L. Huang, B.T. Rouse. 1992. Soluble proteins delivered to dendritic cells via pH-sensitive liposomes induce primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 175:609-12
179. Mehta-Damani, A., S. Markowicz, E.G. Engleman. 1994. Generation of antigen-specific CD8+ CTLs from naive precursors. J. Immunol. 153:996-1003
180. McKinney, E.C., J.W. Streilein. 1989. On the extraordinary capacity of allogeneic epidermal Langerhans cells to prime cytotoxic T cells in vivo. J. Immunol. 143:1560-454
181. Takahashi, H., Y. Nakagawa, K. Yokomuro, J.A. Berzofsky. 1993. Induction of CDS+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes by immunization with syngeneic irradiated HIV-1 envelope derived peptide-pulsed dendritic cells. Int. Immunol. 5:849-57
182. Nair, S., J.S. Babu, R.G. Dunham, P. Kanda, R.L. Burke, B.T. Rouse. 1993. Induction of primary, antiviral cytotoxic, and proliferative responses with antigens administered via dendritic cells. J. Virol. 67:4062-69
183. Brossart, P., M.J. Bevan. 1997. Presentation of exogenous protein antigens on major histocompatibility complex class I molecules by dendritic cells: pathway of presentation and regulation by cytokines. Blood 90:1594-99
184. Rouse, R.J., S.K. Nair, S.L. Lydy, J.C. Bowen, B.T. Rouse. 1994. Induction in vitro of primary cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses with DNA encoding herpes simplex virus proteins. J. Virol. 68:5685-89
185. Specht, J.M., G. Wang, M.T. Do, J.S. Lam, R.E. Royal, M.E. Reeves, S.A. Rosenberg, P. Hwu. 1997. Dendritic cells retrovirally transduced with a model antigen gene are therapeutically effective against established pulmonary metastases. J. Exp. Med. 186:1213-21
186. Kaplan, J.M., Q. Yu, S.T. Piraino, S.E. Pennington, S. Shankara, L.A. Woodworth, B.L. Roberts. 1999. Induction of antitumor immunity with dendritic cells transduced with adenovirus vector-encoding endogenous tumor-associated antigens. J. Immunol. 163:699-707
187. Ashley, D.M., B. Faiola, S. Nair, L.P. Hale, D.D. Bigner, E. Gilboa. 1997. Bone marrow-generated dendritic cells pulsed with tumor extracts or tumor RNA induce antitumor immunity against central nervous system tumors. J. Exp. Med. 186:1177-82
188. Bhardwaj, N., A. Bender, N. Gonzalez, L.K. Bui, M.C. Garrett, R.M. Steinman. 1994. Influenza virus-infected dendritic cells stimulate strong proliferative and cytolytic responses from human CD8+ T cells. J. Clin. Invest. 94:797-807
189. Bohm, W., R. Schirmbeck, A. Elbe, K. Melber, D. Diminky, G. Kraal, N. van Rooijen, Y. Barenholz, J. Reimann. 1995. Exogenous hepatitis B surface antigen particles processed by dendritic cells or macrophages prime murine MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. J. Immunol. 155:3313-21
190. Ridge, J.P., F. Di Rosa, P. Matzinger. 1998. A conditioned dendritic cell can be a temporal bridge between a CD4+ T-helper and a T-killer cell. Nature 393:474-78
191. Bennett, S.R., F.R. Carbone, F. Karamalis, R.A. Flavell, J.F. Miller, W.R. Heath. 1998. Help for cytotoxic-T-cell responses is mediated by CD40 signalling. Nature 393:478-80
192. Schoenberger, S.P., R.E. Toes, E.I. van der Voort, R. Offringa, C.J. Melief. 1998. T-cell help for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is mediated by CD40-CD40L interactions. Nature 393:480-83
193. Brocker, T. 1997. Survival of mature CD4 T lymphocytes is dependent on major histocompatibility complex class II-expressing dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:1223-32
194. Ludewig, B., S. Oehen, F. Barchiesi, R.A. Schwendener, H. Hengartner, R.M. Zinkernagel. 1999. Protective antiviral cytotoxic T cell memory is most efficiently maintained by restimulation via dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 163:1839-44
195. Caux, C., B. Vanbervliet, C. Massacrier, M. Azuma, K. Okumura, L.L. Lanier, J. Banchereau. 1994. B70/B7-2 is identical to CD86 and is the major functional ligand for CD28 expressed on human dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 180:1841-47
196. Inaba, K., M. Witmer-Pack, M. Inaba, K.S. Hathcock, H. Sakuta, M. Azuma, H. Yagita, K. Okumura, P.S. Linsley, S. Ikehara, S. Murramatsu, R.J. Hodes, R.M. Steinman. 1994. The tissue distribution of the B7-2 costimulator in mice: abundant expression on dendritic cells in situ and during maturation in vitro. J. Exp. Med. 180:1849-60
197. Caux, C., C. Massacrier, B. Vanbervliet, B. Dubois, C. Van Kooten, I. Durand, J. Banchereau. 1994. Activation of human dendritic cells through CD40 cross-linking. J. Exp. Med. 180:1263-72
198. Stuber, E., M. Neurath, D. Calderhead, H.P. Fell, W. Strober. 1995. Cross-linking of OX40 ligand, a member of the TNF/NGF cytokine family, induces proliferation and differentiation in murine splenic B cells. Immunity 2:507-21
199. Flynn, S., K.M. Toellner, C. Raykundalia, M. Goodall, P. Lane. 1998. CD4 T cell cytokine differentiation: the B cell activation molecule, OX40 ligand, instructs CD4 T cells to express interleukin 4 and upregulates expression of the chemokine receptor, BIr-1. J. Exp. Med. 188:297-304
200. Brocker, T., A. Gulbranson-Judge, S. Flynn, M. Riedinger, C. Raykundalia, P. Lane. 1999. CD4 T cell traffic control: in vivo evidence that ligation of OX40 on CD4 T cells by OX40-ligand expressed on dendritic cells leads to the accumulation of CD4 T cells in B follicles. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:1610-16
201. DeBenedette, M.A., A. Shahinian, T.W. Mak, T.H. Watts. 1997. Costimulation of CD28-T lymphocytes by 4-1BB ligand. J. Immunol. 158:551-59
202. Saoulli, K., S.Y. Lee, J.L. Cannons, W.C. Yeh, A. Santana, M.D. Goldstein, N. Bangia, M.A. DeBenedette, T.W. Mak, Y. Choi, T.H. Watts. 1998. CD28-independent, TRAF2-dependent costimulation of resting T cells by 4-1BB ligand. J. Exp. Med. 187:1849-62
203. Kim, Y.J., S.H. Kim, P. Mantel, B.S. Kwon. 1998. Human 4-1BB regulates CD28 co-stimulation to promote Th cell responses. Eur. J. Immunol. 28:881-90
204. Shuford, W.W., K. Klussman, D.D. Tritchler, D.T. Loo, J. Chalupny, A.W. Siadak, T.J. Brown, J. Emswiler, H. Raecho, C.P. Larsen, T.C. Pearson, J.A. Ledbetter, A. Aruffo, R.S. Mittler. 1997. 4-IBB costimulatory signals preferentially induce CD8+ T cell proliferation and lead to the amplification in vivo of cytotoxic T cell responses. J. Exp. Med. 186:47-55
205. Anderson, D.M., E. Maraskovsky, W.L. Billingsley, W.C. Dougall, M.E. Tometsko, E.R. Roux, M.C. Teepe, R.F. DuBose, D. Cosman, L. Galibert. 1997. A homologue of the TNF receptor and its ligand enhance T-cell growth and dendritic-cell function. Nature 390:175-79
206. Wong, B.R., R. Josien, S.Y. Lee, B. Sauter, H.L. Li, R.M. Steinman, Y. Choi. 1997. TRANCE (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-related activation-induced cytokine), a new TNF family member predominantly expressed in T cells, is a dendritic cell-specific survival factor. J. Exp. Med. 186:2075-80
207. Josien, R., B.R. Wong, H.L. Li, R.M. Steinman, Y. Choi. 1999. TRANCE, a TNF family member, is differentially expressed on T cell subsets and induces cytokine production in dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 162:2562-68
208. Macatonia, S.E., N.A. Hosken, M. Litton, P. Vieira, C.S. Hsieh, J.A. Culpepper, M. Wysocka, G. Trinchieri, K.M. Murphy, A. O'Garra. 1995. Dendritic cells produce IL-12 and direct the development of Th1 cells from naive CD4+ T cells. J. Immunol. 154:5071-79
209. Kadowaki, N., S. Antonenko, S. Ho, M.C. Rissoan, V. Soumelis, S.A. Porcelli, L.L. Lanier, Y.J. Liu. 1999. Human dendritic cell subsets DC1 and DC2 induce NKT cell differentiation into IFN-γ-producing NKT1 versus IL-4-producing NKT2 cells. Submitted for publication
210. McKenzie, G.J., C.L. Emson, S.E. Bell, S. Anderson, P. Fallon, G. Zurawski, R. Murray, R. Grencis, A.N. McKenzie. 1998. Impaired development of Th2 cells in IL-13-deficient mice. Immunity 9:423-32
211. Rincon, M., J. Anguita, T. Nakamura, E. Fikrig, R.A. Flavell. 1997. Interleukin (IL)-6 directs the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 185:461-69
212. Freeman, G.J., V.A. Boussiotis, A. Anumanthan, G.M. Bernstein, X.Y. Ke, P.D. Rennert, G.S. Gray, J.G. Gribben, L.M. Nadler. 1995. B7-1 and B7-2 do not deliver identical costimulatory signals, since B7-2 but not B7-1 preferentially costimulates the initial production of IL-4. Immunity 2:523-32
213. Kuchroo, V.K., M.P. Das, J.A. Brown, A.M. Ranger, S.S. Zamvil, R.A. Sobel, H.L. Weiner, N. Nabavi, L.H. Glimcher. 1995. B7-1 and B7-2 costimulatory molecules activate differentially the Th1/ Th2 developmental pathways: application to autoimmune disease therapy. Cell 80:707-18
214. Piemonti, L., P. Monti, P. Allavena, M. Sironi, L. Soldini, B.E. Leone, C. Socci, V. Di Carlo. 1999. Glucocorticoids affect human dendritic cell differentiation and maturation. J. Immunol. 162:6473-81
215. Buelens, C., F. Willems, A. Delvaux, G. Pierard, J.P. Delville, T. Velu, M. Goldman. 1995. Interleukin-10 differentially regulates B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) expression on human peripheral blood dendritic cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 25:2668-72
216. Caux, C., C. Massacrier, B. Vanbervliet, C. Barthelemy, Y.J. Liu, J. Banchereau. 1994. Interleukin 10 inhibits T cell alloreaction induced by human dendritic cells. Int. Immunol. 6:1177-85
217. De Smedt, T., M. Van Mechelen, G. De Becker, J. Urbain, O. Leo, M. Moser. 1997. Effect of interleukin-10 on dendritic cell maturation and function. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:1229-35
218. Kalinski, P., J.H. Schuitemaker, C.M. Hilkens, M.L. Kapsenberg. 1998. Prostaglandin E2 induces the final maturation of IL-12-deficient CD1a + CD83+ dendritic cells: the levels of IL-12 are determined during the final dendritic cell maturation and are resistant to further modulation. J. Immunol. 161:2804-9
219. Liu, L., B.E. Rich, J. Inobe, W. Chen, H.L. Weiner. 1998. Induction of Th2 cell differentiation in the primary immune response: dendritic cells isolated from adherent cell culture treated with IL-10 prime naive CD4+ T cells to secrete IL-4. Int. Immunol. 10:1017-26
220. Takeuchi, M., M.M. Kosiewicz, P. Alard, J.W. Streilein. 1997. On the mechanisms by which transforming growth factor-β 2 alters antigen-presenting abilities of macrophages on T cell activation. Eur. J. Immunol. 27:1648-56
221. Iwasaki, A., B.L. Kelsall. 1999. Freshly isolated Peyer's patch, but not spleen, dendritic cells produce interleukin 10 and induce the differentiation of T helper type 2 cells. J. Exp. Med. 190:229-40
222. Viney, J.L., A.M. Mowat, J.M. O'Malley, E. Williamson, N.A. Fanger. 1998. Expanding dendritic cells in vivo enhances the induction of oral tolerance. J. Immunol. 160:5815-25
223. Pape, K.A., A. Khoruts, A. Mondino, M.K. Jenkins. 1997. Inflammatory cytokines enhance the in vivo clonal expansion and differentiation of antigen-activated CD4+ T cells. J. Immunol. 159:591-98
224. D'Amico, G., G. Bianchi, S. Bernasconi, L. Bersani, L. Piemonti, S. Sozzani, A. Mantovani, P. Allavena. 1998. Adhesion, transendothelial migration, and reverse transmigration of in vitro cultured dendritic cells. Blood 92:207-14
225. Randolph, G.J., S. Beaulieu, S. Lebecque, R.M. Steinman, W.A. Muller. 1998. Differentiation of monocytes into dendritic cells in a model of transendothelial trafficking. Science 282:480-83
226. Matzinger, P., S. Guerder. 1989. Does T-cell tolerance require a dedicated antigen-presenting cell? Nature 338:74-76
227. Inaba, M., K. Inaba, M. Hosono, T. Kumamoto, T. Ishida, S. Muramatsu, T. Masuda, S. Ikehara. 1991. Distinct mechanisms of neonatal tolerance induced by dendritic cells and thymic B cells. J. Exp. Med. 173:549-59
228. Mazda, O., Y. Watanabe, J. Gyotoku, Y. Katsura. 1991. Requirement of dendritic cells and B cells in the clonal deletion of Mls-reactive T cells in the thymus. J. Exp. Med. 173:539-47
229. Khoury, S.J., L. Gallon, W. Chen, K. Betres, M.E. Russell, W.W. Hancock, C.B. Carpenter, M.H. Sayegh, H.L. Weiner. 1995. Mechanisms of acquired thymic tolerance in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: thymic dendritic-enriched cells induce specific peripheral T cell unresponsiveness in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 182:357-66
230. Brocker, T., M. Riedinger, K. Karjalainen. 1997. Targeted expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules demonstrates that dendritic cells can induce negative but not positive selection of thymocytes in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 185:541-50
231. Shlomchik, W.D., M.S. Couzens, C.B. Tang, J. McNiff, M.E. Robert, J. Liu, M.J. Shlomchik, S.G. Emerson. 1999. Prevention of graft versus host disease by inactivation of host antigen-presenting cells. Science 285:412-15
232. Starzl, T.E., R.M. Zinkernagel. 1998. Antigen localization and migration in immunity and tolerance. N. Engl. J. Med. 339:1905-13
233. Thomson, A.W., L. Lu, N. Murase, A.J. Demetris, A.S. Rao, T.E. Starzl. 1995. Microchimerism, dendritic cell progenitors and transplantation tolerance. Stem Cells 13:622-39
234. Dubois, B., C. Massacrier, B. Vanbervliet, J. Fayette, F. Briere, J. Banchereau, C. Caux. 1998. Critical role of IL-12 in dendritic cell-induced differentiation of naive B lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 161:2223-31
235. Dubois, B., B. Vanbervliet, J. Fayette, C. Massacrier, C. Van Kooten, F. Briere, J. Banchereau, C. Caux. 1997. Dendritic cells enhance growth and differentiation of CD40-activated B lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 185:941-51
236. Fayette, J., B. Dubois, S. Vandenabeele, J.M. Bridon, B. Vanbervliet, I. Durand, J. Banchereau, C. Caux, F. Briere. 1997. Human dendritic cells skew isotype switching of CD40-activated naive B cells towards IgA1 and IgA2. J. Exp. Med. 185:1909-18
237. Liu, Y.J., G. Grouard, O. de Bouteiller, J. Banchereau. 1996. Follicular dendritic cells and germinal centers. Int. Rev. Cytol. 166:139-79
238. Chaplin, D.D., Y. Fu. 1998. Cytokine regulation of secondary lymphoid organ development. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 10:289-97
239. Wykes, M., A. Pombo, C. Jenkins, G.G. MacPherson. 1998. Dendritic cells interact directly with naive B lymphocytes to transfer antigen and initiate class switching in a primary T-dependent response. J. Immunol. 161:1313-19
240. Grouard, G., I. Durand, L. Filgueira, J. Banchereau, Y.J. Liu. 1996. Dendritic cells capable of stimulating T cells in germinal centres. Nature 384:364-67
241. Szakal, A.K., M.H. Kosco, J.G. Tew. 1989. Microanatomy of lymphoid tissue during humoral immune responses: structure function relationships. Ann. Rev. Immunol. 7:91-109
242. Ohshima, Y., Y. Tanaka, H. Tozawa, Y. Takahashi, C. Maliszewski, G. Delespesse. 1997. Expression and function of OX40 ligand on human dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 159:3838-48
243. Moore, P.A., O. Belvedere, A. Orr, K. Pieri, D.W. LaFleur, P. Feng, D. Soppet, M. Charters, R. Gentz, D. Parmelee, Y. Li, O. Galperina, J. Giri, V. Roschke, B. Nardelli, J. Carrell, S. Sosnovtseva, W. Greenfield, S.M. Ruben, H.S. Olsen, J. Fikes, D.M. Hubert. 1999. BLyS: member of the tumor necrosis factor family and B lymphocyte stimulator. Science 285:260-63
244. Schneider, P., F. MacKay, V. Steiner, K. Hofmann, J.L. Bodmer, N. Holler, C. Ambrose, P. Lawton, S. Bixler, H. AchaOrbea, D. Valmori, P. Romero, C. Werner-Favre, R.H. Zubler, J.L. Browning, J. Tschopp. 1999. BAFF, a novel ligand of the tumor necrosis factor family, stimulates B cell growth. J. Exp. Med. 189:1747-56
245. Mueller, C.G., M.C. Rissoan, B. Salinas, S. Ait-Yahia, O. Ravel, J.M. Bridon, F. Briere, S. Lebecque, Y.J. Liu. 1997. Polymerase chain reaction selects a novel disintegrin proteinase from CD40-activated germinal center dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:655-63
246. Shah, P.D. 1987. Dendritic cells but not macrophages are targets for immune regulation by natural killer cells. Cell Immunol. 104:440-45
247. Geldhof, A.B., M. Moser, L. Lespagnard, K. Thielemans, P. De Baetselier. 1998. Interleukin-12-activated natural killer cells recognize B7 costimulatory molecules on tumor cells and autologous dendritic cells. Blood 91:196-206
248. Kawano, T., J. Cui, Y. Koezuka, I. Toura, Y. Kaneko, H. Sato, E. Kondo, M. Harada, H. Koseki, T. Nakayama, Y. Tanaka, M. Taniguchi. 1998. Natural killer-like nonspecific tumor cell lysis mediated by specific ligand-activated Vα14 NKT cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:5690-93
249. Fernandez, N.C., A. Lozier, C. Flament, P. Ricciardi-Castagnoli, D. Bellet, M. Suter, M. Perricaudet, T. Tursz, E. Maraskovsky, L. Zitvogel. 1999. Dendritic cells directly trigger NK cell functions: cross-talk relevant in innate anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. Nat. Med. 5:405-11
250. Cayeux, S., G. Richter, C. Becker, A. Pezzutto, B. Dorken, T. Blankenstein. 1999. Direct and indirect T cell priming by dendritic cell vaccines. Eur. J. Immunol. 29:225-34
251. Lynch, D.H., A. Andreasen, E. Maraskovsky, J. Whitmore, R.E. Miller, J.C. Schuh. 1997. Flt3 ligand induces tumor regression and antitumor immune responses in vivo. Nat. Med. 3:625-31
252. Shaw, S.O., A.A. Maung, R.J. Steptoe, A.W. Thomson, N.L. Vujanovic. 1998. Expansion of functional NK cells in multiple tissue compartments of mice treated with Flt3-ligand: implications for anti-cancer and anti-viral therapy. J. Immunol. 161:2817-24
253. Chambers, B.J., M. Salcedo, H.G. Ljunggren. 1996. Triggering of natural killer cells by the costimulatory molecule CD80 (B7-1). Immunity 5:311-17
254. Timmerman, J.M., R. Levy. 1999. Dendritic cell vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Annu. Rev. Med. 50:507-29
255. Palucka, K., J. Fay, J. Banchereau. 1999. Dendritic cells and tumor immunity. Curr. Opin. Oncol. Endocrine Metabolic Invest. Drug. 1:282-90
256. Darnell, R.B. 1996. Onconeural antigens and the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders: at the intersection of cancer, immunity, and the brain. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:4529-36
257. Darnell, R.B. 1999. The importance of defining the paraneoplastic neurologic disorders. N. Engl. J. Med. 340:1831-33
258. Gabrilovich, D.I., H.L. Chen, K.R. Girgis, H.T. Cunningham, G.M. Meny, S. Nadaf, D. Kavanaugh, D.P. Carbone. 1996. Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells. Nat. Med. 2:1096-103. Erratum. 1996. Nat. Med. 2(11):1267
259. Gabrilovich, D.I., H.L. Chen, K.R. Girgis, H.T. Cunningham, G.M. Meny, S. Nadaf, D. Kavanaugh, D.P. Carbone. 1996. Production of vascular endothelial growth factor by human tumors inhibits the functional maturation of dendritic cells. Nat. Med. 2:1096-103. Erratum. 1996. Nat. Med. 2(11):1267
260. Enk, A.H., H. Jonuleit, J. Saloga, J. Knop. 1997. Dendritic cells as mediators of tumor-induced tolerance in metastatic melanoma. Int. J. Cancer 73:309-16
261. Enk, A.H., J. Saloga, D. Becker, B.P. m. M, J. Knop. 1994. Induction of hapten-specific tolerance by interleukin 10 in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 179:1397-402
262. Steinbrink, K., H. Jonuleit, G. Muller, G. Schuler, J. Knop, A.H. Enk. 1999. Interleukin-10-treated human dendritic cells induce a melanoma-antigen-specific anergy in CD8(+) T cells resulting in a failure to lyse tumor cells. Blood 93:1634-42
263. Nair, S.K., S. Hull, D. Coleman, E. Gilboa, H.K. Lyerly, M.A. Morse. 1999. Induction of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in vitro using autologous dendritic cells loaded with CEA peptide or CEA RNA in patients with metastatic malignancies expressing CEA. Int. J. Cancer 82:121-24
264. Flamand, V., T. Sornasse, K. Thielemans, C. Demanet, M. Bakkus, H. Bazin, F. Tielemans, O. Leo, J. Urbain, M. Moser. 1994. Murine dendritic cells pulsed in vitro with tumor antigen induce tumor resistance in vivo. Eur. J. Immunol. 24:605-10
265. Mayordomo, J.I., T. Zorina, W.J. Storkus, L. Zitvogel, C. Celluzzi, L.D. Falo, C.J. Melief, S.T. Ildstad, W.M. Kast, A.B. Deleo, M.T. Lotze. 1995. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with synthetic tumour peptides elicit protective and therapeutic antitumour immunity. Nat. Med. 1:1297-302
266. Paglia, P., C. Chiodoni, M. Rodolfo, M.P. Colombo. 1996. Murine dendritic cells loaded in vitro with soluble protein prime cytotoxic T lymphocytes against tumor antigen in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 183:317-22
267. Porgador, A., E. Gilboa. 1995. Bone marrow-generated dendritic cells pulsed with a class I-restricted peptide are potent inducers of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 182:255-60
268. Song, W., H.L. Kong, H. Carpenter, H. Toni, R. Granstein, S. Rafii, M.A. Moore, R.G. Crystal. 1997. Dendritic cells genetically modified with an adenovirus vector encoding the cDNA for a model antigen induce protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity. J. Exp. Med. 186:1247-56
269. Boczkowski, D., S.K. Nair, D. Snyder, E. Gilboa. 1996. Dendritic cells pulsed with RNA are potent antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo. J. Exp. Med. 184:465-72
270. Toes, R.E., E.I. van der Voort, S.P. Schoenberger, J.W. Drijfhout, L. van Bloois, G. Storm, W.M. Kast, R. Offringa, C.J. Melief. 1998. Enhancement of tumor outgrowth through CTL tolerization after peptide vaccination is avoided by peptide presentation on dendritic cells. J. Immunol. 160:4449-56
271. Hsu, F.J., C. Benike, F. Fagnoni, T.M. Liles, D. Czerwinski, B. Taidi, E.G. Engleman, R. Levy. 1996. Vaccination of patients with B-cell lymphoma using autologous antigen-pulsed dendritic cells. Nat. Med. 2:52-58
272. Nestle, F.O., S. Alijagic, M. Gilliet, Y. Sun, S. Grabbe, R. Dummer, G. Burg, D. Schadendorf. 1998. Vaccination of melanoma patients with peptide-or tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cells. Nat. Med. 4:328-32
273. Murphy, G.P., B.A. Tjoa, S.J. Simmons, J. Jarisch, V.A. Bowes, H. Ragde, M. Rogers, A. Elgamal, G.M. Kenny, O.E. Cobb, R.C. Ireton, M.J. Troychak, M.L. Salgaller, A.L. Boynton. 1999. Infusion of dendritic cells pulsed with HLA-A2-specific prostate-specific membrane antigen peptides: a phase II prostate cancer vaccine trial involving patients with hormone-refractory metastatic disease. Prostate 38:73-78
274. Dhodapkar, M.V., R.M. Steinman, M. Sapp, H. Desai, C. Fossella, J. Krasovsky, S.M. Donahoe, P.R. Dunbar, V. Cerundolo, D.F. Nixon, N. Bhardwaj. 1999. Rapid generation of broad T-cell immunity in humans after a single injection of mature dendritic cells. J. Clin. Invest. 104:173-80
275. Bachmann, M.F., R.M. Zinkernagel, A. Oxenius. 1998. Immune responses in the absence of costimulation: viruses know the trick. J. Immunol. 161:5791-94
276. Roake, J.A., A.S. Rao, P.J. Morris, C.P. Larsen, D.F. Hankins, J.M. Austyn. 1995. Dendritic cell loss from nonlymphoid tissues after systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin 1. J. Exp. Med. 181:2237-47
277. Yang, R.B., M.R. Mark, A. Gray, A. Huang, M.H. Xie, M. Zhang, A. Goddard, W.I. Wood, A.L. Gurney, P.J. Godowski. 1998. Toll-like receptor-2 mediates lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular signalling. Nature 395:284-88
278. Yoshimura, A., E. Lien, R.R. Ingalls, E. Tuomanen, R. Dziarski, D. Golenbock. 1999. Cutting edge: recognition of grampositive bacterial cell wall components by the innate immune system occurs via Toll-like receptor 2. J. Immunol. 163: 1-5
279. Schwandner, R., R. Dziarski, H. Wesche, M. Rothe, C.J. Kirschning. 1999. Peptidoglycan-and lipoteichoic acid-induced cell activation is mediated by toll-like receptor 2. J. Biol. Chem. 274:17406-9
280. Urban, B.C., D.J. Ferguson, A. Pain, N. Willcox, M. Plebanski, J.M. Austyn, D.J. Roberts. 1999. Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes modulate the maturation of dendritic cells. Nature 400:73-77
281. Hahn, G., R. Jores, E.S. Mocarski. 1998. Cytomegalovirus remains latent in a common precursor of dendritic and myeloid cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:3937-42
282. Redpath, S., A. Angulo, N.R. Gascoigne, P. Ghazal. 1999. Murine cytomegalovirus infection down-regulates MHC class II expression on macrophages by induction of IL-10. J. Immunol. 162:6701-7
283. Soderberg-Naucler, C., K.N. Fish, J.A. Nelson. 1997. Reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus by allogeneic stimulation of blood cells from healthy donors. Cell 91:119-26
284. Frankel, S.S., B.M. Wenig, A.P. Burke, P. Mannan, L.D. Thompson, S.L. Abbondanzo, A.M. Nelson, M. Pope, R.M. Steinman. 1996. Replication of HIV-1 in dendritic cell-derived syncytia at the mucosal surface of the adenoid. Science 272:115-17
285. Fugier-Vivier, I., C. Servet-Delprat, P. Rivailler, M.C. Rissoan, Y.J. Liu, C. Rabourdin-Combe. 1997. Measles virus suppresses cell-mediated immunity by interfering with the survival and functions of dendritic and T cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:813-23
286. Grosjean, I., C. Caux, C. Bella, I. Berger, F. Wild, J. Banchereau, D. Kaiserlian. 1997, Measles virus infects human dendritic cells and blocks their allostimulatory properties for CD4+ T cells. J. Exp. Med. 186:801-12
287. Choe, H., M. Farzan, Y. Sun, N. Sullivan, B. Rollins, P.D. Ponath, L. Wu, C.R. Mackay, G. LaRosa, W. Newman, N. Gerard, C. Gerard, J. Sodroski. 1996. The β-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 facilitate infection by primary HIV-1 isolates. Cell 85:1135-48
288. Werling, D., J.C. Hope, P. Chaplin, R.A. Collins, G. Taylor, C.J. Howard. 1999. Involvement of caveolae in the uptake of respiratory syncytial virus antigen by dendritic cells. J. Leukocyte Biol. 66:50-58
289. Cosman, D., N. Fanger, L. Borges. 1999. Human cytomegalovirus, MHC class I and inhibitory signalling receptors: more questions than answers. Immunol. Rev. 168:177-85
290. Pinchuk, L.M., P.S. Polacino, M.B. Agy, S.J. Klaus, E.A. Clark. 1994. The role of CD40 and CD80 accessory cell molecules in dendritic cell-dependent HIV-1 infection. Immunity 1:317-25
291. Pope, M., M.G. Betjes, N. Romani, H. Hirmand, P.U. Cameron, L. Hoffman, S. Gezelter, G. Schuler, R.M. Steinman. 1994. Conjugates of dendritic cells and memory T lymphocytes from skin facilitate productive infection with HIV-1. Cell 78:389-98
292. Granelli-Piperno, A., M. Pope, K. Inaba, R.M. Steinman. 1995. Coexpression of NF-γ B/Rel and Sp1 transcription factors in human immunodeficiency virus 1-induced, dendritic cell-T-cell syncytia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:10944-48
293. Grassi, F., A. Hosmalin, D. McIlroy, V. Calvez, P. Debre, B. Autran. 1999. Depletion in blood CD11c-positive dendritic cells from HIV-infected patients. AIDS 13:759-66