APP transgenic mice and their application to drug discovery

Histology and Histopathology

Volumn 26, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 1611-1632

  Howlett, D R ^a  

^a KING'S COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Drug discovery; Neurodegenerative pathology

Indexed keywords

ALZHEIMER DISEASE VACCINE; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; APP PROTEIN, HUMAN; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; PRESENILIN 1; PSEN1 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANIMAL; DISEASE MODEL; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; GENETICS; HUMAN; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MOUSE; MUTATION; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ALZHEIMER VACCINES; AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN PRECURSOR; ANIMALS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; DRUG DISCOVERY; HUMANS; MICE; MICE, TRANSGENIC; MUTATION; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; PRESENILIN-1;

MUS; MUS MUSCULUS;

EID: 80053987137     PISSN: 02133911     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (231)

1. Akomolafe A., Beiser A., Meigs J.B., Au R., Green R.C., Farrer L.A., Wolf P.A. and Seshadri S. (2006). Diabetes mellitus and risk of developing Alzheimer disease: results from the Framingham Study. Arch. Neurol. 63, 1551-1555.
2. Andersen K., Launer L.J., Dewey M.E., Letenneur L., Ott A., Copeland J.R., Dartigues J.F., Kragh-Sorensen P., Baldereschi M., Brayne C., Lobo A., Martinez-Lage J.M., Stijnen T. and Hofman A. (1999). Gender differences in the incidence of AD and vascular dementia: The EURODEM Studies. EURODEM Incidence Research Group. Neurology 53, 1992-1997.
3. Arbel-Ornath M., Becker M., Rabinovich-Toidman P., Gartner M. and Solomon B. (2010). Immunomodulation of APP processing alleviates amyloid--related pathology in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. J. Alzheimers Dis. 22, 469-482.
4. Arvanitakis Z., Schneider J.A., Wilson R.S., Bienias J.L., Kelly J.F., Evans D.A. and Bennett D.A. (2008). Statins, incident Alzheimer disease, change in cognitive function, and neuropathology. Neurology 70, 1795-1802.
5. Asuni A.A., Boutajangout A., Scholtzova H., Knudsen E., Li Y.S., Quartermain D., Frangione B., Wisniewski T. and Sigurdsson E.M. (2006). Vaccination of Alzheimer's model mice with A beta derivative in alum adjuvant reduces A beta burden without microhemorrhages. Eur. J. Neurosci. 24, 2530-2542.
6. Auffret A., Gautheron V., Repici M., Kraftsik R., Mount H.T., Mariani J. and Rovira C. (2009). Age-dependent impairment of spine morphology and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 neurons of a presenilin 1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 29, 10144-10152.
7. Bard F., Cannon C., Barbour R., Burke R.L., Games D., Grajeda H., Guido T., Hu K., Huang J., Johnson-Wood K., Khan K., Kholodenko D., Lee M., Lieberburg I., Motter R., Nguyen M., Soriano F., Vasquez N., Weiss K., Welch B., Seubert P., Schenk D. and Yednock T. (2000). Peripherally administered antibodies against amyloid beta-peptide enter the central nervous system and reduce pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Nat. Med. 6, 916-919.
8. Bittner T., Fuhrmann M., Burgold S., Jung C.K.E., Volbracht C., Steiner H., Mitteregger G., Kretzschmar H.A., Haass C. and Herms J. (2009). Gamma-secretase inhibition reduces spine density in vivo via an amyloid precursor protein-dependent pathway. J. Neurosci. 29, 10405-10409.
9. Blanchard J., Wanka L., Tung Y.C., Cardenas-Aguayo M.C., Laferla F.M., Iqbal K. and Grundke-Iqbal I. (2010). Pharmacologic reversal of neurogenic and neuroplastic abnormalities and cognitive impairments without affecting A, and tau pathologies in 3xTg-AD mice. Acta Neuropathol. 120, 605-621.
10. Borchelt D.R., Thinakaran G., Eckman C.B., Lee M.K., Davenport F., Ratovitsky T., Prada C.M., Kim G., Seekins S., Yager D., Slunt H.H., Wang R., Seeger M., Levey A.I., Gandy S.E., Copeland N.G., Jenkins N.A., Price D.L., Younkin S.G. and Sisodia S.S. (1996). Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin 1 variants elevate Aß1-42/1-40 ratio in vitro and in vivo. Neuron 17, 1005-1013.
11. Bourasset F., Melissa O., Tremblay C., Julien C., Do T.M., Oddo S., LaFerla F. and Calon F. (2009). Reduction of the cerebrovascular volume in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 56, 808-813.
12. Boutajangout A., Quartermain D. and Sigurdsson E.M. (2010). Immunotherapy targeting pathological tau prevents cognitive decline in a new tangle mouse model. J. Neurosci. 30, 16559-16566.
13. Breitner J.C.S., Haneuse S.J.P.A., Walker R., Dublin S., Crane P.K., Gray S.L. and Larson E.B. (2009). Risk of dementia and AD with prior exposure to NSAIDs in an elderly community-based cohort. Neurology 72, 1899-905.
14. Bryleva E.Y., Rogers M.A., Chang C.C.Y., Buen F., Harris B.T., Rousselet E., Seidah N.G., Oddo S., LaFerla F.M., Spencer T.A., Hickey W.F. and Chang T.Y. (2010). ACAT1 gene ablation increases 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol content in the brain and ameliorates amyloid pathology in mice with AD. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 3081-3086.
15. Calingasan N.Y., Ho D.J., Wille E.J., Campagna M.V., Ruan J., Dumont M., Yang L., Shi Q., Gibson G.E. and Beal M.F. (2008). Influence of mitochondrial enzyme deficiency on adult neurogenesis in mouse models of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroscience 153, 986-996.
16. Capsoni S., Giannotta S. and Cattaneo A. (2002). Beta-amyloid plaques in a model for sporadic Alzheimer's disease based on transgenic anti-nerve growth factor antibodies. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 21, 15-28.
17. Casas C., Sergeant N., Itier J.M., Blanchard V., Wirths O., van der Kolk N., Vingtdeux V., van de Steeg E., Ret G., Canton T., Drobecq H., Clark A., Bonici B., Delacourte A., Benavides J., Schmitz C., Tremp G., Bayer T.A., Benoit P. and Pradier L. (2004). Massive CA1/2 neuronal loss with intraneuronal and N-interminal truncated A beta(42) accumulation in a novel Alzheimer transgenic model. Am. J. Pathol. 165, 1289-1300.
18. Chakrabarty P., Jansen-West K., Beccard A., Ceballos-Diaz C., Levites Y., Verbeeck C., Zubair A.C., Dickson D., Golde T.E. and Das P. (2010). Massive gliosis induced by interleukin-6 suppresses Aß deposition in vivo: evidence against inflammation as a driving force for amyloid deposition. FASEB J. 24, 548-559.
19. Chartier-Harlin M.C., Crawford F., Houlden H., Warren A., Hughes D., Fidani L., Goate A., Rossor M., Roques P. and Hardy J. (1991). Early-onset Alzheimer's disease caused by mutations at codon 717 of the beta-amyloid precursor protein gene. Nature 353, 844-846.
20. Cherny R.A., Atwood C.S., Xilinas M.E., Gray D.N., Jones W.D., McLean C.A., Barnham K.J., Volitakis I., Fraser F.W., Kim Y.S., Huang X.D., Goldstein L.E., Moir R.D., Lim J.T., Beyreuther K., Zheng H., Tanzi R.E., Masters C.L. and Bush A.I. (2001). Treatment with a copper-zinc chelator markedly and rapidly inhibits betaamyloid accumulation in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Neuron 30, 665-676.
21. Chin J., Massaro C.M., Palop J.J., Thwin M.T., Yu G.Q., Bien-Ly N., Bender A. and Mucke L. (2007). Reelin depletion in the entorhinal cortex of human amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice and humans with Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 27, 2727-2733.
22. Chishti M.A., Yang D.S., Janus C., Phinney A.L., Horne P., Pearson J., Strome R., Zuker N., Loukides J., French J., Turner S., Lozza G., Grilli M., Kunicki S., Morissette C., Paquette J., Gervais F., Bergeron C., Fraser P.E., Carlson G.A., George-Hyslop P. and Westaway D. (2001). Early-onset amyloid deposition and cognitive deficits in transgenic mice expressing a double mutant form of amyloid precursor protein 695. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 21562-21570.
23. Choi J.K., Jenkins B.G., Carreras I., Kaymakcalan S., Cormier K., Kowall N.W. and Dedeoglu A. (2010). Anti-inflammatory treatment in AD mice protects against neuronal pathology. Exp. Neurol. 223, 377-384.
24. Clinton L.K., Blurton-Jones M., Myczek K., Trojanowski J.Q. and LaFerla F.M. (2010). Synergistic Interactions between Aß, tau, and alpha-synuclein: acceleration of neuropathology and cognitive decline. J. Neurosci. 30, 7281-7289.
25. Cole G.M. and Frautschy S.A. (2010). Mechanisms of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 9, 140-8.
26. Cowan C.M., Shepherd D. and Mudher A. (2010). Insights from Drosophila models of Alzheimer's disease. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 38, 988-992.
27. Cuello A.C., Ferretti M.T., Leon W.C., Iulita M.F., Melis T., Ducatenzeiler A., Bruno M.A. and Canneva F. (2010). Early-stage inflammation and experimental therapy in transgenic models of the Alzheimer-like amyloid pathology. Neurodeg. Dis. 7, 96-98.
28. Davis A.A., Fritz J.J., Wess J., Lah J.J. and Levey A.I. (2010). Deletion of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors increases amyloid pathology in vitro and in vivo. J. Neurosci. 30, 4190-4196.
29. de Jong E.K., de Haas A.H., Brouwer N., van Weering H.R., Hensens M., Bechmann I., Pratley P., Wesseling E., Boddeke H.W. and Biber K. (2008). Expression of CXCL4 in microglia in vitro and in vivo and its possible signaling through CXCR3. J. Neurochem. 105, 1726-1736.
30. de la Torre J.C. (2010). Vascular risk factor detection and control may prevent Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res. Rev. 9, 218-225.
31. De Strooper B., Annaert W., Cupers P., Saftig P., Craessaerts K., Mumm J.S., Schroeter E.H., Schrijvers V., Wolfe M.S., Ray W.J., Goate A. and Kopan R. (1999). A presenilin-1-dependent gammasecretase-like protease mediates release of Notch intracellular domain. Nature 398, 518-522.
32. Deane R., Bell R.D., Sagare A. and Zlokovic B.V. (2009). Clearance of amyloid-beta peptide across the blood-brain barrier: implication for therapies in Alzheimer's disease. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 8, 16-30.
33. Deftos M.L., Huang E., Ojala E.W., Forbush K.A. and Bevan M.J. (2000). Notch1 signaling promotes the maturation of CD4 and CD8 SP thymocytes. Immunity 13, 73-84.
34. DeMattos R.B., Bales K.R., Cummins D.J., Dodart J.C., Paul S.M. and Holtzman D.M. (2001). Peripheral anti-A beta antibody alters CNS and plasma A beta clearance and decreases brain A beta burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 8850-8855.
35. DeMattos R.B., O'Dell M.A., Parsadanian M., Taylor J.W., Harmony J.A.K., Bales K.R., Paul S.M., Aronow B.J. and Holtzman D.M. (2002). Clusterin promotes amyloid plaque formation and is critical for neuritic toxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99, 10843-10848.
36. Desai M.Y., Lima J.A. and Bluemke D.A. (2004). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: current applications and future directions. Methods Enzymol. 386, 122-148.
37. Dodart J.C., Bales K.R., Gannon K.S., Greene S.J., DeMattos R.B., Mathis C., DeLong C.A., Wu S., Wu X., Holtzman D.M. and Paul S.M. (2002). Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain A beta burden in Alzheimer's disease model. Nat. Neurosci. 5, 452-457.
38. Duff K., Eckman C., Zehr C., Yu X., Prada C.M., Pereztur J., Hutton M., Buee L., Harigaya Y., Yager D., Morgan D., Gordon M.N., Holcomb L., Refolo L., Zenk B., Hardy J. and Younkin S. (1996). Increased amyloid-beta-42(43) in brains of mice expressing mutant presenilin-1. Nature 383, 710-713.
39. Dumanis S.B., Tesoriero J.A., Babus L.W., Nguyen M.T., Trotter J.H., Ladu M.J., Weeber E.J., Turner R.S., Xu B., Rebeck G.W. and Hoe H.S. (2009). ApoE4 decreases spine density and dendritic complexity in cortical neurons in vivo. J. Neurosci. 29, 15317-15322.
40. Dziewczapolski G., Glogowski C.M., Masliah E. and Heinemann S.F. (2009). Deletion of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene improves cognitive deficits and synaptic pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 29, 8805-8815.
41. Eriksen J.L., Sagi S.A., Smith T.E., Weggen S., Das P., McLendon D.C., Ozols V.V., Jessing K.W., Zavitz K.H., Koo E.H. and Golde T.E. (2003). NSAIDs and enantiomers of flurbiprofen target gammasecretase and lower Aß42 in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 440-449.
42. Farfara D., Trudler D., Segev-Amzaleg N., Galron R., Stein R. and Frenkel D. (2011). Gamma-secretase component presenilin is important for microglia,-amyloid clearance. Ann. Neurol. 69, 170-180.
43. Fattoretti P., Balietti M., Casoli T., Giorgetti B., Di S.G., Bertoni-Freddari C., Lattanzio F. and Sensi S.L. (2010). Decreased numeric density of succinic dehydrogenase-positive mitochondria in CA1 pyramidal neurons of 3xTg-AD mice. Rejuvenation Res. 13, 144-147.
44. Faux N.G., Ritchie C.W., Gunn A., Rembach A., Tsatsanis A., Bedo J., Harrison J., Lannfelt L., Blennow K., Zetterberg H., Ingelsson M., Masters C.L., Tanzi R.E., Cummings J.L., Herd C.M. and Bush A.I. (2010). PBT2 rapidly improves cognition in Alzheimer's Disease: additional phase II analyses. J. Alzheimers Dis. 20, 509-516.
45. Flood D.G., Lin Y.G., Lang D.M., Trusko S.P., Hirsch J.D., Savage M.J., Scott R.W. and Howland D.S. (2009). A transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's disease with extracellular Aß deposition. Neurobiol. Aging 30, 1078-1090.
46. Fornai F., Longone P., Cafaro L., Kastsiuchenka O., Ferrucci M., Manca M.L., Lazzeri G., Spalloni A., Bellio N., Lenzi P., Modugno N., Siciliano G., Isicloro C., Murri L., Ruggieri S. and Paparelli A. (2008). Lithium delays progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105, 2052-2057.
47. Forsell C., Bjork B.F., Lilius L., Axelman K., Fabre S.F., Fratiglioni L., Winblad B. and Graff C. (2010). Genetic association to the amyloid plaque associated protein gene COL25A1 in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 31, 409-415.
48. Frazer M.E., Hughes J.E., Mastrangelo M.A., Tibbens J.L., Federoff H.J. and Bowers W.J. (2008). Reduced pathology and improved behavioral performance in Alzheimer's disease mice vaccinated with HSV amplicons expressing amyloid-beta and interleukin-4. Mol. Ther. 16, 845-853.
49. Fukumoto H., Takahashi H., Tarui N., Matsui J., Tomita T., Hirode M., Sagayama M., Maeda R., Kawamoto M., Hirai K., Terauchi J., Sakura Y., Kakihana M., Kato K., Iwatsubo T. and Miyamoto M. (2010). A noncompetitive BACE1 inhibitor TAK-070 ameliorates Aß pathology and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 30, 11157-11166.
50. Gama Sosa M.A., Gasperi R.D., Rocher A.B., Wang A.C., Janssen W.G., Flores T., Perez G.M., Schmeidler J., Dickstein D.L., Hof P.R. and Elder G.A. (2010). Age-related vascular pathology in transgenic mice expressing presenilin 1-associated familial Alzheimer's disease mutations. Am. J. Pathol. 176, 353-368.
51. Games D., Adams D., Alessandrini R., Barbour R., Berthelette P., Blackwell C., Carr T., Clemens J., Donaldson T., Gillespie F., Guido T., Hagopian S., Johnsonwood K., Khan K., Lee M., Leibowitz P., Lieberburg I., Little S., Masliah E., McConlogue L., Montoyazavala M., Mucke L., Paganini L., Penniman E., Power M., Schenk D., Seubert P., Snyder B., Soriano F., Tan H., Vitale J., Wadsworth S., Wolozin B. and Zhao J. (1995). Alzheimer-type neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing v717f beta-amyloid precursor protein. Nature 373, 523-527.
52. Garcia-Alloza M., Borrelli L.A., Rozkalne A., Hyman B.T. and Bacskai B.J. (2007). Curcumin labels amyloid pathology in vivo, disrupts existing plaques, and partially restores distorted neurites in an Alzheimer mouse model. J. Neurochem. 102, 1095-1104.
53. Gauthier S., Aisen P.S., Ferris S.H., Saumier D., Duong A., Haine D., Garceau D., Suhy J., Oh J., Lau W. and Sampalis J. (2009). Effect of tramiprosate in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: exploratory analyses of the MRI sub-group of the Alphase study. J. Nutr. Health Aging 13, 550-557.
54. Gervais F., Paquette J., Morissette C., Krzywkowski P., Yu M., Azzi M., Lacombe D., Kong X.Q., Aman A., Laurin J., Szarek W.A. and Tremblay P. (2007). Targeting soluble A beta peptide with Tramiprosate for the treatment of brain amyloidosis. Neurobiol. Aging 28, 537-547.
55. Glabe C.G. (2004). Conformation-dependent antibodies target diseases of protein misfolding. Trends Biochem. Sci. 29, 542-547.
56. Goate A., Chartier-Harlin M.C., Mullan M., Brown J., Crawford F., Fidani L., Giuffra L., Haynes A., Irving N. and James L. (1991). Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature 349, 704-706.
57. Goni F., Prelli F., Ji Y., Scholtzova H., Yang J., Sun Y., Liang F.X., Kascsak R., Kascsak R., Mehta P. and Wisniewski T. (2010). Immunomodulation targeting abnormal protein conformation reduces pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. PLoS ONE 5, 10.1371/journal. pone.0013391.
58. Grathwohl S.A., Kalin R.E., Bolmont T., Prokop S., Winkelmann G., Kaeser S.A., Odenthal J., Radde R., Eldh T., Gandy S., Aguzzi A., Staufenbiel M., Mathews P.M., Wolburg H., Heppner F.L. and Jucker M. (2009). Formation and maintenance of Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid plaques in the absence of microglia. Nat. Neurosci. 12, 1361-1363.
59. Guglielmotto M., Aragno M., Autelli R., Giliberto L., Novo E., Colombatto S., Danni O., Parola M., Smith M.A., Perry G., Tamagno E. and Tabaton M. (2009). The up-regulation of BACE1 mediated by hypoxia and ischemic injury: role of oxidative stress and HIF1alpha. J. Neurochem. 108, 1045-1056.
60. Haass C. and Selkoe D.J. (2007). Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid betapeptide. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8, 101-112.
61. Hamaguchi T., Ono K., Murase A. and Yamada M. (2009). Phenolic compounds prevent Alzheimer's pathology through different effects on the amyloid-beta aggregation pathway. Am. J. Pathol. 175, 2557-2565.
62. Hamilton R.L. (2000). Lewy bodies in Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathological review of 145 cases using alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry. Brain Pathol. 10, 378-384.
63. Hamilton L.K., Aumont A., Julien C., Vadnais A., Calon F. and Fernandes K.J. (2010). Widespread deficits in adult neurogenesis precede plaque and tangle formation in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Eur. J. Neurosci. 32, 905-920.
64. Hampel H., Ewers M., Burger K., Annas P., Mortberg A., Bogstedt A., Frolich L., Schroder J., Schonknecht P., Riepe M.W., Kraft I., Gasser T., Leyhe T., Moller H.J., Kurz A. and Basun H. (2009). Lithium trial in Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, single-blind, placebocontrolled, multicenter 10-week study. J. Clin. Psychiatry 70, 922-931.
65. Hardy J. and Allsop D. (1991). Amyloid deposition as the central event in the aetiology of Alzheimer's disease. Trends. Pharmacol. Sci. 12, 383-388.
66. Hardy J. and Selkoe D.J. (2002). The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science 297, 353-356.
67. Hartig W., Goldhammer S., Bauer U., Wegner F., Wirths O., Bayer T.A. and Grosche J. (2010). Concomitant detection of beta-amyloid peptides with N-terminal truncation and different C-terminal endings in cortical plaques from cases with Alzheimer's disease, senile monkeys and triple transgenic mice. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 40, 82-92.
68. Hashimoto T., Wakabayashi T., Watanabe A., Kowa H., Hosoda R., Nakamura A., Kanazawa I., Arai T., Takio K., Mann D.M.A. and Iwatsubo T. (2002). CLAC: a novel Alzheimer amyloid plaque component derived from a transmembrane precursor, CLACP/ collagen type XXV. EMBO J. 21, 1524-1534.
69. Head E., Pop V., Sarsoza F., Kayed R., Beckett T.L., Studzinski C.M., Tomic J.L., Glabe C.G. and Murphy M.P. (2010). Amyloid-beta peptide and oligomers in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of aged canines. J. Alzheimers Dis. 20, 637-646.
70. Henderson V.W. (2008). Cognitive changes after menopause: influence of estrogen. Clin. Obst. Gynecol. 51, 618-626.
71. Herber D.L., Mercer M., Roth L.M., Symmonds K., Maloney J., Wilson N., Freeman M.J., Morgan D. and Gordon M.N. (2007). Microglial activation is required for Aß clearance after intracranial injection of lipopolysaccharide in APP transgenic mice. J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2, 222-231.
72. Hermann D., Both M., Ebert U., Gross G., Schoemaker H., Draguhn A., Wicke K. and Nimmrich V. (2009). Synaptic transmission is impaired prior to plaque formation in amyloid precursor proteinoverexpressing mice without altering behaviorally-correlated sharp wave-ripple complexes. Neuroscience 162, 1081-1090.
73. Hernandez C.M., Kayed R., Zheng H., Sweatt J.D. and Dineley K.T. (2010). Loss of alpha7 nicotinic receptors enhances beta-amyloid oligomer accumulation, exacerbating early-stage cognitive decline and septohippocampal pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 30, 2442-2453.
74. Hiesberger T., Trommsdorff M., Howell B.W., Goffinet A., Mumby M.C., Cooper J.A. and Herz J. (1999). Direct binding of Reelin to VLDL receptor and ApoE receptor 2 induces tyrosine phosphorylation of disabled-1 and modulates tau phosphorylation. Neuron 24, 481-489.
75. Holmes C., Boche D., Wilkinson D., Yadegarfar G., Hopkins V., Bayer A., Jones R.W., Bullock R., Love S., Neal J.W., Zotova E. and Nicoll J.A. (2008). Long-term effects of Aß42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial. Lancet 372, 216-223.
76. Hook V.Y., Kindy M. and Hook G. (2008). Inhibitors of cathepsin B improve memory and reduce beta-amyloid in transgenic Alzheimer disease mice expressing the wild-type, but not the Swedish mutant, beta-secretase site of the amyloid precursor protein. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 7745-7753.
77. Houeland G., Romani A., Marchetti C., Amato G., Capsoni S., Cattaneo A. and Marie H. (2010). Transgenic mice with chronic NGF deprivation and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology display hippocampal region-specific impairments in short-and long-term plasticities. J. Neurosci. 30, 13089-13094.
78. Howlett D.R. and Richardson J.C. (2009). The pathology of APP transgenic mice: a model of Alzheimer's disease or simply overexpression of APP? Histol. Histopathol. 24, 83-100.
79. Howlett D.R., Richardson J.C., Austin A., Parsons A.A., Bate S.T., Davies D.C. and Gonzalez M.I. (2004). Cognitive correlates of A beta deposition in male and female mice bearing amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 mutant transgenes. Brain Res. 1017, 130-136.
80. Howlett D.R., Bowler K., Soden P.E., Riddell D., Davis J.B., Richardson J.C., Burbidge S.A., Gonzalez M.I., Irving E.A., Lawman A., Miglio G., Dawson E.L., Howlett E.R. and Hussain I. (2008). Aß deposition and related pathology in an APP x PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Histol. Histopathol. 23, 67-76.
81. Hsiao K., Chapman P., Nilsen S., Eckman C., Harigaya Y., Younkin S., Yang F. and Cole G. (1996). Correlative memory deficits, Abeta elevation, and amyloid plaques in transgenic mice. Science 274, 99-102.
82. Hu Y.S., Xu P., Pigino G., Brady S.T., Larson J. and Lazarov O. (2010). Complex environment experience rescues impaired neurogenesis, enhances synaptic plasticity, and attenuates neuropathology in familial Alzheimer's disease-linked APPswe/PS1DeltaE9 mice. FASEB J. 24, 1667-1681.
83. Hudry E., Van Dam D., Kulik W., De Deyn P.P., Stet F.S., Ahouansou O., Benraiss A., Delacourte A., Bougneres P., Aubourg P. and Cartier N. (2010). Adeno-associated virus gene therapy with cholesterol 24-hydroxylase reduces the amyloid pathology before or after the onset of amyloid plaques in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Mol. Ther. 18, 44-53.
84. Hussain I. (2010). APP transgenic mouse models and their use in drug discovery to evaluate amyloid-lowering therapeutics. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 9, 395-402.
85. Hussain I., Powell D., Howlett D.R., Tew D.G., Meek T.D., Chapman C., Gloger I.S., Murphy K.E., Southan C.D., Ryan D.M., Smith T.S., Simmons D.L., Walsh F.S., Dingwall C. and Christie G. (1999). Identification of a novel aspartic protease (Asp 2) as beta-secretase. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 14, 419-427.
86. Hutter-Paier B., Huttunen H.J., Puglielli L., Eckman C.B., Kim D.Y., Hofmeister A., Moir R.D., Domnitz S.B., Frosch M.P., Windisch M. and Kovacs D.M. (2004). The ACAT inhibitor CP-113,818 markedly reduces amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 44, 227-238.
87. Huttunen H.J., Havas D., Peach C., Barren C., Duller S., Xia W., Frosch M.P., Hutter-Paier B., Windisch M. and Kovacs D.M. (2010). The acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor CI-1011 reverses diffuse brain amyloid pathology in aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 69, 777-788.
88. Imbimbo B.P. (2009). Why did tarenflurbil fail in Alzheimer's disease? J. Alzheimers Dis. 17, 757-760.
89. Imbimbo B.P., Giardino L., Sivilia S., Giuliani A., Gusciglio M., Pietrini V., Del G.E., D'Arrigo A., Leon A., Villetti G. and Calza L. (2010). CHF5074, a novel gamma-secretase modulator, restores hippocampal neurogenesis potential and reverses contextual memory deficit in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 20, 159-173.
90. Iwatsubo T., Mann D.M.A., Odaka A., Suzuki N. and Ihara Y. (1995). Amyloid-beta protein (a-beta) deposition-a-beta-42(43) precedes abeta-40 in Down-syndrome. Ann. Neurol. 37, 294-299.
91. Jankowsky J.L., Slunt H.H., Gonzales V., Jenkins N.A., Copeland N.G. and Borchelt D.R. (2004). APP processing and amyloid deposition in mice haplo-insufficient for presenilin 1. Neurobiol. Aging 25, 885-892.
92. Janus C., Pearson J., McLaurin J., Mathews P.M., Jiang Y., Schmidt S.D., Chishti M.A., Horne P., Heslin D., French J., Mount H.T., Nixon R.A., Mercken M., Bergeron C., Fraser P.E., George-Hyslop P. and Westaway D. (2000). A beta peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 408, 979-982.
93. Jolivalt C.G., Hurford R., Lee C.A., Dumaop W., Rockenstein E. and Masliah E. (2010). Type 1 diabetes exaggerates features of Alzheimer's disease in APP transgenic mice. Exp. Neurol. 223, 422-431.
94. Kakuyama H., Soderberg L., Horigome K., Winblad B., Dahlqvist C., Naslund J. and Tjernberg L.O. (2005). CLAC binds to aggregated A beta and A beta fragments, and attenuates fibril elongation. Biochemistry 44, 15602-15609.
95. Kalback W., Watson M.D., Kokjohn T.A., Kuo Y.M., Weiss N., Luehrs D.C., Lopez J., Brune D., Sisodia S.S., Staufenbiel M., Emmerling M. and Roher A.E. (2002). APP transgenic mice Tg2576 accumulate A beta peptides that are distinct from the chemically modified and insoluble peptides deposited in Alzheimer's disease senile plaques. Biochemistry 41, 922-928.
96. Kang C.K., Jayasinha V. and Martin P.T. (2003). Identification of peptides that specifically bind Aß1-40 amyloid in vitro and amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease brain using phage display. Neurobiol. Dis. 14, 146-156.
97. Karlnoski R., Wilcock D., Dickey C., Ronan V., Gordon M.N., Zhang W., Morgan D. and Taglialatela G. (2007). Up-regulation of Bcl-2 in APP transgenic mice is associated with neuroprotection. Neurobiol. Dis. 25, 179-188.
98. Kitaguchi H., Tomimoto H., Ihara M., Shibata M., Uemura K., Kalaria R.N., Kihara T., sada-Utsugi M., Kinoshita A. and Takahashi R. (2009). Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion accelerates amyloid beta deposition in APPSwInd transgenic mice. Brain Res. 1294, 202-210.
99. Knafo S., Alonso-Nanclares L., Gonzalez-Soriano J., Merino-Serrais P., Fernaud-Espinosa I., Ferrer I. and DeFelipe J. (2009a). Widespread changes in dendritic spines in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Cereb. Cortex 19, 586-592.
100. Knafo S., Venero C., Merino-Serrais P., Fernaud-Espinosa I., Gonzalez-Soriano J., Ferrer I., Santpere G., DeFelipe J., Knafo S., Venero C., Merino-Serrais P., Fernaud-Espinosa I., Gonzalez-Soriano J., Ferrer I., Santpere G. and DeFelipe J. (2009b). Morphological alterations to neurons of the amygdala and impaired fear conditioning in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Pathol. 219, 41-51.
101. Kocherhans S., Madhusudan A., Doehner J., Breu K.S., Nitsch R.M., Fritschy J.M. and Knuesel I. (2010). Reduced Reelin expression accelerates amyloid-beta plaque formation and tau pathology in transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice. J. Neurosci. 30, 9228-9240.
102. Koenigsknecht-Talboo J., Meyer-Luehmann M., Parsadanian M., Garcia-Alloza M., Finn M.B., Hyman B.T., Bacskai B.J. and Holtzman D.M. (2008). Rapid microglial response around amyloid pathology after systemic anti-Aß antibody administration in PDAPP mice. J. Neurosci. 28, 14156-14164.
103. Kounnas M.Z., Danks A.M., Cheng S., Tyree C., Ackerman E., Zhang X., Ahn K., Nguyen P., Comer D., Mao L., Yu C., Pleynet D., Digregorio P.J., Velicelebi G., Stauderman K.A., Comer W.T., Mobley W.C., Li Y.M., Sisodia S.S., Tanzi R.E. and Wagner S.L. (2010). Modulation of gamma-secretase reduces beta-amyloid deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 67, 769-780.
104. Kuo Y.M., Emmerling M.R., Woods A.S., Cotter R.J. and Roher A.E. (1997). Isolation, chemical characterization, and quantitation of A beta 3-pyroglutamyl peptide from neuritic plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 237, 188-191.
105. Kuo Y.M., Kokjohn T.A., Beach T.G., Sue L.I., Brune D., Lopez J.C., Kalback W.M., Abramowski D., Sturchler-Pierrat C., Staufenbiel M. and Roher A.E. (2001). Comparative analysis of amyloid-beta chemical structure and amyloid plaque morphology of transgenic mouse and Alzheimer's disease brains. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 12991-12998.
106. Lee K.W., Kim J.B., Seo J.S., Kim T.K., Im J.Y., Baek I.S., Kim K.S., Lee J.K. and Han P. L. (2009). Behavioral stress accelerates plaque pathogenesis in the brain of Tg2576 mice via generation of metabolic oxidative stress. J. Neurochem. 108, 165-175.
107. Lee D.C., Rizer J., Selenica M.L., Reid P., Kraft C., Johnson A., Blair L., Gordon M.N., Dickey C.A. and Morgan D. (2010a). LPS-induced inflammation exacerbates phospho-tau pathology in rTg4510 mice. J. Neuroinflamm. 7, 56.
108. Lee J.H., Won S.M., Suh J., Son S.J., Moon G.J., Park U.J. and Gwag B.J. (2010b). Induction of the unfolded protein response and cell death pathway in Alzheimer's disease, but not in aged Tg2576 mice. Exp. Mol. Med. 42, 386-394.
109. Lee S., Varvel N.H., Konerth M.E., Xu G., Cardona A.E., Ransohoff R.M. and Lamb B.T. (2010c). CX3CR1 deficiency alters microglial activation and reduces beta-amyloid deposition in two Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Am. J. Pathol. 177, 2549-2562.
110. Leibson C.L., Rocca W.A., Hanson V.A., Cha R., Kokmen E., O'Brien P.C. and Palumbo P.J. (1997). Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: a population-based cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 145, 301-308.
111. Lemere C.A., Beierschmitt A., Iglesias M., Spooner E.T., Bloom J.K., Leverone J.F., Zheng J.B., Seabrook T.J., Louard D., Li D., Selkoe D.J., Palmour R.M. and Ervin F.R. (2004). Alzheimer's disease A beta vaccine reduces central nervous system A beta levels in a nonhuman primate, the Caribbean Vervet. Am. J. Pathol. 165, 283-297.
112. Lemere C.A., Oh J., Stanish H.A., Peng Y., Pepivani I., Fagan A.M., Yamaguchi H., Westmoreland S.V. and Mansfield K.G. (2008). Cerebral amyloid-beta protein accumulation with aging in cotton-top tamarins: A model of early Alzheimer's disease? Rejuvenation Res. 11, 321-332.
113. Leon W.C., Canneva F., Partridge V., Allard S., Ferretti M.T., DeWilde A., Vercauteren F., Atifeh R., Ducatenzeiler A., Klein W., Szyf M., Alhonen L. and Cuello A.C. (2010). A novel transgenic rat model with a full Alzheimer's-like amyloid pathology displays pre-plaque intracellular amyloid-beta-associated cognitive impairment. J. Alzheimers Dis. 20, 113-126.
114. Leroy K., Ando K., Heraud C., Yilmaz Z., Authelet M., Boeynaems J.M., Buee L., De Decker R. and Brion J.P. (2010). Lithium treatment arrests the development of neurofibrillary tangles in mutant tau transgenic mice with advanced neurofibrillary pathology. J. Alzheimers Dis. 19, 705-719.
115. Lim G.P., Yang F., Chu T., Chen P., Beech W., Teter B., Tran T., Ubeda O., Ashe K.H., Frautschy S.A. and Cole G.M. (2000). Ibuprofen suppresses plaque pathology and inflammation in a mouse model for Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 20, 5709-5714.
116. Liu L., Orozco I.J., Planel E., Wen Y., Bretteville A., Krishnamurthy P., Wang L., Herman M., Figueroa H., Yu W.H., Arancio O. and Duff K. (2008a). A transgenic rat that develops Alzheimer's disease-like amyloid pathology, deficits in synaptic plasticity and cognitive impairment. Neurobiol. Dis. 31, 46-57.
117. Liu Y., Yoo M.J., Savonenko A., Stirling W., Price D.L., Borchelt D.R., Mamounas L., Lyons W.E., Blue M.E. and Lee M.K. (2008b). Amyloid pathology is associated with progressive monoaminergic neurodegeneration in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 28, 13805-13814.
118. Liu B., Rasool S., Yang Z., Glabe C.G., Schreiber S.S., Ge J. and Tan Z. (2009). Amyloid-peptide vaccinations reduce beta-amyloid plaques but exacerbate vascular deposition and inflammation in the retina of Alzheimer's transgenic mice. Am. J. Pathol. 175, 2099-2110.
119. Liu Q., Trotter J., Zhang J., Peters M.M., Cheng H., Bao J., Han X., Weeber E.J. and Bu G. (2010a). Neuronal LRP1 knockout in adult mice leads to impaired brain lipid metabolism and progressive, agedependent synapse loss and neurodegeneration. J. Neurosci. 30, 17068-17078.
120. Liu Z., Condello C., Schain A., Harb R. and Grutzendler J. (2010b). CX3CR1 in microglia regulates brain amyloid deposition through selective protofibrillar amyloid-phagocytosis. J. Neurosci. 30, 17091-17101.
121. Lleo A., Berezovska O., Growdon J.H. and Hyman B.T. (2004). Clinical, pathological, and biochemical spectrum of Alzheimer disease associated with PS-1 mutations. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 12, 146-156.
122. Ma Q.L., Yang F., Rosario E.R., Ubeda O.J., Beech W., Gant D.J., Chen P.P., Hudspeth B., Chen C., Zhao Y., Vinters H.V., Frautschy S.A. and Cole G.M. (2009). Beta-amyloid oligomers induce phosphorylation of tau and inactivation of insulin receptor substrate via c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling: suppression by omega-3 fatty acids and curcumin. J. Neurosci. 29, 9078-9089.
123. Mancuso C., Siciliano R. and Barone E. (2011). Curcumin and Alzheimer disease: this marriage is not to be performed. J. Biol. Chem. 286, le3.
124. Martone R.L., Zhou H., Atchison K., Comery T., Xu J.Z., Huang X., Gong X., Jin M., Kreft A., Harrison B., Mayer S.C., Aschmies S., Gonzales C., Zaleska M.M., Riddell D.R., Wagner E., Lu P., Sun S.C., Sonnenberg-Reines J., Oganesian A., Adkins K., Leach M.W., Clarke D.W., Huryn D., Abou-Gharbia M., Magolda R., Bard J., Frick G., Raje S., Forlow S.B., Balliet C., Burczynski M.E., Reinhart P.H., Wan H.I., Pangalos M.N. and Jacobsen J.S. (2009). Begacestat (GSI-953): a novel, selective thiophene sulfonamide inhibitor of amyloid precursor protein gamma-secretase for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 331, 598-608.
125. Masliah E., Rockenstein E., Veinbergs I., Sagara Y., Mallory M., Hashimoto M. and Mucke L. (2001). beta-Amyloid peptides enhance alpha-synuclein accumulation and neuronal deficits in a transgenic mouse model linking Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 12245-12250.
126. Mastrangelo M.A., Sudol K.L., Narrow W.C. and Bowers W.J. (2009). Interferon-gamma differentially affects Alzheimer's disease pathologies and induces neurogenesis in triple transgenic-AD mice. Am. J. Pathol. 175, 2076-2088.
127. McAlpine F.E., Lee J.K., Harms A.S., Ruhn K.A., Blurton-Jones M., Hong J., Das P., Golde T.E., LaFerla F.M., Oddo S., Blesch A. and Tansey M.G. (2009). Inhibition of soluble TNF signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease prevents pre-plaque amyloidassociated neuropathology. Neurobiol. Dis. 34, 163-177.
128. McConlogue L., Buttini M., Anderson J.P., Brigham E.F., Chen K.S., Freedman S.B., Games D., Johnson-Wood K., Lee M., Zeller M., Liu W., Motter R. and Sinha S. (2007). Partial reduction of BACE1 has dramatic effects on Alzheimer plaque and synaptic pathology in APP Transgenic Mice. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 26326-26334.
129. McGeer P.L., Schulzer M. and McGeer E.G. (1996). Arthritis and antiinflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer's disease: a review of 17 epidemiologic studies. Neurology 47, 425-432.
130. McLaurin J., Kierstead M.E., Brown M.E., Hawkes C.A., Lambermon M.H., Phinney A.L., Darabie A.A., Cousins J.E., French J.E., Lan M.F., Chen F., Wong S.S., Mount H.T., Fraser P.E., Westaway D. and George-Hyslop P. (2006). Cyclohexanehexol inhibitors of Aß aggregation prevent and reverse Alzheimer phenotype in a mouse model. Nat. Med. 12, 801-808.
131. Meadowcroft M.D., Connor J.R., Smith M.B. and Yang Q.X. (2009). MRI and histological analysis of beta-amyloid plaques in both human Alzheimer's disease and APP/PS1 transgenic mice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 29, 997-1007.
132. Mei X., Ezan P., Giaume C. and Koulakoff A. (2010). Astroglial connexin immunoreactivity is specifically altered at,-amyloid plaques in,-amyloid precursor protein/presenilin1 mice. Neuroscience 171, 92-105.
133. Meyer-Luehmann M., Spires-Jones T.L., Prada C., Garcia-Alloza M., De Calignon A., Rozkalne A., Koenigsknecht-Talboo J., Holtzman D.M., Bacskai B.J. and Hyman B.T. (2008). Rapid appearance and local toxicity of amyloid-beta plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 451, 720-724.
134. Moechars D., Dewachter I., Lorent K., Reverse D., Baekelandt V., Naidu A., Tesseur I., Spittaels K., Van den Haute C.V., Checler F., Godaux E., Cordell B. and Van Leuven F. (1999). Early phenotypic changes in transgenic mice that overexpress different mutants of amyloid precursor protein in brain. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 6483-6492.
135. Morales R., Estrada L.D., az-Espinoza R., Morales-Scheihing D., Jara M.C., Castilla J. and Soto C. (2010). Molecular cross talk between misfolded proteins in animal models of Alzheimer's and prion diseases. J. Neurosci. 30, 4528-4535.
136. Morgan D., Diamond D.M., Gottschall P.E., Ugen K.E., Dickey C., Hardy J., Duff K., Jantzen P., DiCarlo G., Wilcock D., Connor K., Hatcher J., Hope C., Gordon M. and Arendash G.W. (2000). A beta peptide vaccination prevents memory loss in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 408, 982-985.
137. Mori K. (2000). Tripartite management of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cell 101, 451-454.
138. Mori T., Paris D., Town T., Rojiani A.M., Sparks D.L., Delledonne A., Crawford F., Abdullah L.I., Humphrey J.A., Dickson D.W. and Mullan M.J. (2001). Cholesterol accumulates in senile plaques of Alzheimer disease patients and in transgenic APP(SW) mice. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 60, 778-785.
139. Mori T., Koyama N., Arendash G.W., Horikoshi-Sakuraba Y., Tan J. and Town T. (2010). Overexpression of human S100B exacerbates cerebral amyloidosis and gliosis in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 58, 300-314.
140. Morrissette D.A., Parachikova A., Green K.N. and Laferla F.M. (2009). Relevance of transgenic mouse models to human Alzheimer disease. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 6033-6037.
141. Mouri A., Noda Y., Hara H., Mizoguchi H., Tabira T. and Nabeshima T. (2007). Oral vaccination with a viral vector containing Aß cDNA attenuates age-related Aß accumulation and memory deficits without causing inflammation in a mouse Alzheimer model. FASEB J. 21, 2135-2148.
142. Movsesyan N., Ghochikyan A., Mkrtichyan M., Petrushina I., Davtyan H., Olkhanud P.B., Head E., Biragyn A., Cribbs D.H. and Agadjanyan M.G. (2008). Reducing AD-like pathology in 3xTg-AD mouse model by DNA epitope vaccine-a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. PLoS ONE 3, e2124.
143. Mucke L., Masliah E., Yu G.Q., Mallory M., Rockenstein E.M., Tatsuno G., Hu K., Kholodenko D., Johnson-Wood K., and McConlogue L. (2000). High-level neuronal expression of Abeta 1-42 in wild-type human amyloid protein precursor transgenic mice: synaptotoxicity without plaque formation. J. Neurosci. 20, 4050-4058.
144. Muhs A., Hickman D.T., Pihlgren M., Chuard N., Giriens V., Meerschman C., Van der Auwera I., Van Leuven F., Sugawara M., Weingertner M.C., Bechinger B., Greferath R., Kolonko N., Nagel-Steger L., Riesner D., Brady R.O., Pfeifer A. and Nicolau C. (2007). Liposomal vaccines with conformation-specific amyloid peptide antigens define immune response and efficacy in APP transgenic mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104, 9810-9815.
145. Nicoll J.A.R., Wilkinson D., Holmes C., Steart P., Markham H. and Weller R.O. (2003). Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-beta peptide: a case report. Nat. Med. 9, 448-452.
146. Nitsch R.M., Slack B.E., Wurtman R.J. and Growdon J.H. (1992). Release of Alzheimer amyloid precursor derivatives stimulated by activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Science 258, 304-307.
147. Nixon R.A., Cataldo A.M. and Mathews P.M. (2000). The endosomallysosomal system of neurons in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis: A review. Neurochem. Res. 25, 1161-1172.
148. Noble W., Hanger D.P. and Gallo J.M. (2010). Transgenic mouse models of tauopathy in drug discovery. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 9, 403-428.
149. Nordberg A., Hellstrom-Lindahl E., Lee M., Johnson M., Mousavi M., Hall R., Perry E., Bednar I. and Court J. (2002). Chronic nicotine treatment reduces beta-amyloidosis in the brain of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (APPsw). J. Neurochem. 81, 655-658.
150. Oakley H., Cole S.L., Logan S., Maus E., Shao P., Craft J., Guillozet-Bongaarts A., Ohno M., Disterhoft J., Van Eldik L., Berry R. and Vassar R. (2006). Intraneuronal beta-amyloid aggregates, neurodegeneration, and neuron loss in transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer's disease mutations: Potential factors in amyloid plaque formation. J. Neurosci. 26, 10129-10140.
151. Oddo S., Caccamo A., Shepherd J.D., Murphy M.P., Golde T.E., Kayed R., Metherate R., Mattson M.P., Akbari Y. and Laferla F.M. (2003). Triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease with plaques and tangles: Intracellular A beta and synaptic dysfunction. Neuron 39, 409-421.
152. Oddo S., Billings L., Kesslak J.P., Cribbs D.H. and Laferla F.M. (2004). A beta immunotherapy leads to clearance of early, but not late, hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates via the proteasome. Neuron 43, 321-332.
153. Overk C.R., Kelley C.M. and Mufson E.J. (2009). Brainstem Alzheimer's-like pathology in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 35, 415-425.
154. Palop J.J., Chin J., Roberson E.D., Wang J., Thwin M.T., Bien-Ly N., Yoo J., Ho K.O., Yu G.Q., Kreitzer A., Finkbeiner S., Noebels J.L. and Mucke L. (2007). Aberrant excitatory neuronal activity and compensatory remodeling of inhibitory hippocampal circuits in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 55, 697-711.
155. Paquet D., Schmid B. and Haass C. (2010). Transgenic zebrafish as a novel animal model to study tauopathies and other neurodegenerative disorders in vivo. Neurodegen. Dis. 7, 99-102.
156. Parachikova A., Vasilevko V., Cribbs D.H., Laferla F.M. and Green K.N. (2010). Reductions in amyloid-beta-derived neuroinflammation, with minocycline, restore cognition but do not significantly affect tau hyperphosphorylation. J. Alzheimers Dis. 21, 527-542.
157. Paris D., Ganey N.J., Laporte V., Patel N.S., Beaulieu-Abdelahad D., Bachmeier C., March A., it-Ghezala G. and Mullan M.J. (2010). Reduction of beta-amyloid pathology by celastrol in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neuroinflamm. 7, 17.
158. Pasqualetti P., Bonomini C., Dal Forno G., Paulon L., Sinforiani E., Marra C., Zanetti O. and Rossini P.M. (2009). A randomized controlled study on effects of ibuprofen on cognitive progression of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Clin. Exp. Res. 21, 102-10.
159. Perez S.E., Berg B.M., Moore K.A., He B., Counts S.E., Fritz J.J., Hu Y.S., Lazarov O., Lah J.J. and Mufson E.J. (2010). DHA diet reduces AD pathology in young APPswe/PS1 Delta E9 transgenic mice: possible gender effects. J. Neurosci. Res. 88, 1026-1040.
160. Pericak-Vance M.A., Bebout J.L., Gaskell P.C. Jr, Yamaoka L.H., Hung W.Y., Alberts M.J., Walker A.P., Bartlett R.J., Haynes C.A. and Welsh K.A. (1991). Linkage studies in familial Alzheimer disease: evidence for chromosome 19 linkage. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 48, 1034-1050.
161. Permanne B., Adessi C., Saborio G.P., Fraga S., Frossard M.J., Van Dorpe J., Dewachter I., Banks W.A., Van Leuven F. and Soto C. (2002). Reduction of amyloid load and cerebral damage in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by treatment with a beta-sheet breaker peptide. FASEB J. 16, 860-862.
162. Philipson O., Hammarstrom P., Nilsson K.P., Portelius E., Olofsson T., Ingelsson M., Hyman B.T., Blennow K., Lannfelt L., Kalimo H. and Nilsson L.N.G. (2009). A highly insoluble state of Aß similar to that of Alzheimer's disease brain is found in Arctic APP transgenic mice. Neurobiol. Aging 30, 1393-1405.
163. Puglielli L., Tanzi R.E. and Kovacs D.M. (2003). Alzheimer's disease: the cholesterol connection. Nat. Neurosci. 6, 345-351.
164. Raina A.K., Hochman A., Zhu X.W., Rottkamp C.A., Nunomura A., Siedlak S.L., Boux H., Castellani R.J., Perry G. and Smith M.A. (2001). Abortive apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 101, 305-310.
165. Raina A.K., Hochman A., Ickes H., Zhu X.W., Ogawa O., Cash A.D., Shimohama S., Perry G. and Smith M.A. (2003). Apoptotic promoters and inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease: Who wins out? Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 27, 251-254.
166. Reines S.A., Block G.A., Morris J.C., Liu G., Nessly M.L., Lines C.R., Norman B.A. and Baranak C.C. (2004). Rofecoxib: no effect on Alzheimer's disease in a 1-year, randomized, blinded, controlled study. Neurology 62, 66-71.
167. Roberts G.W., Allsop D. and Bruton C. (1990). The occult aftermath of boxing. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 53, 373-378.
168. Roberts G.W., Gentleman S.M., Lynch A., Murray L., Landon M. and Graham D.I. (1994). Beta amyloid protein deposition in the brain after severe head injury: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 57, 419-425.
169. Rodriguez-Navarro J.A., Rodriguez L., Casarejos M.J., Solano R.M., Gomez A., Perucho J., Cuervo A.M., Garcia de Y.J. and Mena M.A. (2010). Trehalose ameliorates dopaminergic and tau pathology in parkin deleted/tau overexpressing mice through autophagy activation. Neurobiol. Dis. 39, 423-438.
170. Rohn T.T., Vyas V., Hernandez-Estrada T., Nichol K.E., Christie L.A. and Head E. (2008). Lack of pathology in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease after overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. J. Neurosci. 28, 3051-3059.
171. Rosario E.R. and Pike C.J. (2008). Androgen regulation of beta-amyloid protein and the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. Rev. 57, 444-453.
172. Rosario E.R., Carroll J.C., Oddo S., Laferla F.M. and Pike C.J. (2006). Androgens regulate the development of neuropathology in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 26, 13384-13389.
173. Rosario E.R., Carroll J. and Pike C.J. (2010). Testosterone regulation of Alzheimer-like neuropathology in male 3xTg-AD mice involves both estrogen and androgen pathways. Brain Res. 1359, 281-290.
174. Ryu J.K., Cho T., Choi H.B., Wang Y.T. and McLarnon J.G. (2009). Microglial VEGF receptor response is an integral chemotactic component in Alzheimer's disease pathology. J. Neurosci. 29, 3-13.
175. Saido T.C., Iwatsubo T., Mann D.M., Shimada H., Ihara Y. and Kawashima S. (1995). Dominant and differential deposition of distinct beta-amyloid peptide species, A beta N3(pE), in senile plaques. Neuron 14, 457-466.
176. Satou T., Cummings B.J. and Cotman C.W. (1995). Immunoreactivity for Bcl-2 protein within neurons in the Alzheimer's disease brain increases with disease severity. Brain Res. 697, 35-43.
177. Saumier D., Aisen P.S., Gauthier S., Vellas B., Ferris S.H., Duong A., Suhy J., Oh J., Lau W., Garceau D., Haine D. and Sampalis J. (2009). Lessons learned in the use of volumetric MRI in therapeutic trials in Alzheimer's disease: the ALZHEMED (Tramiprosate) experience. J. Nutr. Health Aging 13, 370-372.
178. Schenk D., Barbour R., Dunn W., Gordon G., Grajeda H., Guido T., Hu K., Huang J.P., Johnson-Wood K., Khan K., Kholodenko D., Lee M., Liao Z.M., Lieberburg I., Motter R., Mutter L., Soriano F., Shopp G., Vasquez N., Vandevert C., Walker S., Wogulis M., Yednock T., Games D. and Seubert P. (1999). Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse. Nature 400, 173-177.
179. Schilling S., Zeitschel U., Hoffmann T., Heiser U., Francke M., Kehlen A., Holzer M., Hutter-Paier B., Prokesch M., Windisch M., Jagla W., Schlenzig D., Lindner C., Rudolph T., Reuter G., Cynis H., Montag D., Demuth H.U. and Rossner S. (2008). Glutaminyl cyclase inhibition attenuates pyroglutamate Aß and Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Nat. Med. 14, 1106-1111.
180. Schneeberger A., Mandler M., Otawa O., Zauner W., Mattner F. and Schmidt W. (2009). Development of AFFITOPE vaccines for Alzheimer's disease (AD)--from concept to clinical testing. J. Nutr. Health Aging 13, 264-267.
181. Searfoss G.H., Jordan W.H., Calligaro D.O., Galbreath E.J., Schirtzinger L.M., Berridge B.R., Gao H., Higgins M.A., May P.C. and Ryan T.P. (2003). Adipsin, a biomarker of gastrointestinal toxicity mediated by a functional gamma-secretase inhibitor. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 46107-46116.
182. Senior K. (2002). Dosing in phase II trial of Alzheimer's vaccine suspended. Lancet Neurology 1, 3.
183. Sherrington R., Rogaev E.I., Liang Y., Rogaeva E.A., Levesque G., Ikeda M., Chi H., Lin C., Li G. and Holman K. (1995). Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature 375, 754-760.
184. Siemers E., Skinner M., Dean R.A., Gonzales C., Satterwhite J., Farlow M., Ness D. and May P.C. (2005). Safety, tolerability, and changes in amyloid beta concentrations after administration of a gammasecretase inhibitor in volunteers. Clin. Neuropharmacol. 28, 126-132.
185. Sigurdsson E.M. (2008). Immunotherapy targeting pathological tau protein in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. J. Alzheimers Dis. 15, 157-168.
186. Sinha S., Anderson J.P., Barbour R., Basi G.S., Caccavello R., Davis D., Doan M., Dovey H.F., Frigon N., Hong J., Jacobson-Croak K., Jewett N., Keim P., Knops J., Lieberburg I., Power M., Tan H., Tatsuno G., Tung J., Schenk D., Seubert P., Suomensaari S.M., Wang S.W., Walker D. and Zhao J. (1999). Purification and cloning of amyloid precursor protein beta-secretase from human brain. Nature 402, 537-540.
187. Small D.H., Maksel D., Kerr M.L., NG J., Hou X., Chu C., Mehrani H., Unabia S., Azari M.F., Loiacono R., Aguilar M.I. and Chebib M. (2007). The beta-amyloid protein of Alzheimer's disease binds to membrane lipids but does not bind to the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. J. Neurochem. 101, 1527-1538.
188. Smith D.L., Pozueta J., Gong B., Arancio O. and Shelanski M. (2009). Reversal of long-term dendritic spine alterations in Alzheimer disease models. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 16877-16882.
189. Sonnen J.A., Larson E.B., Walker R.L., Haneuse S., Crane P.K., Gray S L., Breitner J.C.S. and Montine T.J. (2010). Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are associated with increased neuritic plaques. Neurology 75, 1203-10.
190. Sturchler Pierrat C., Abramowski D., Duke M., Wiederhold K.H., Mistl C., Rothacher S., Ledermann B., Burki K., Frey P., Paganetti P.A., Waridel C., Calhoun M.E., Jucker M., Probst A., Staufenbiel M. and Sommer B. (1997). Two amyloid precursor protein transgenic mouse models with Alzheimer disease-like pathology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 13287-13292.
191. Sung S., Yang H.X., Uryu K., Lee E.B., Zhao L., Shineman D., Trojanowski J.Q., Lee V.M.Y. and Pratico D. (2004). Modulation of nuclear factor-kappa B activity by indomethacin influences A beta levels but not ap precursor protein metabolism in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 165, 2197-2206.
192. Tekirian T.L., Yang A.Y., Glabe C. and Geddes J.W. (1999). Toxicity of pyroglutaminated amyloid beta-peptides 3(pE)-40 and-42 is similar to that of A beta 1-40 and-42. J. Neurochem. 73, 1584-1589.
193. Thambisetty M., Simmons A., Velayudhan L., Hye A., Campbell J., Zhang Y., Wahlund L.O., Westman E., Kinsey A., Guntert A., Proitsi P., Powell J., Causevic M., Killick R., Lunnon K., Lynham S., Broadstock M., Choudhry F., Howlett D.R., Williams R.J., Sharp S.I., Mitchelmore C., Tunnard C., Leung R., Foy C., O'Brien D., Breen G., Furney S.J., Ward M., KLoszewska I., Mecocci P., Soininen H., Tsolaki M., Vellas B., Hodges A., Murphy D.G., Parkins S., Richardson J.C., Resnick S.M., Ferrucci L., Wong D.F., Zhou Y., Muehlboeck S., Evans A., Francis P.T., Spenger C. and Lovestone S. (2010). Association of plasma clusterin concentration with severity, pathology, and progression in Alzheimer disease. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 67, 739-748.
194. Thanopoulou K., Fragkouli A., Stylianopoulou F. and Georgopoulos S. (2010). Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) regulates perivascular macrophages and modifies amyloid pathology in an Alzheimer mouse model. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 20816-20821.
195. Tomiyama T., Nagata T., Shimada H., Teraoka R., Fukushima A., Kanemitsu H., Takuma H., Kuwano R., Imagawa M., Ataka S., Wada Y., Yoshioka E., Nishizaki T., Watanabe Y. and Mori H. (2008). A new amyloid mu variant favoring oligomerization in Alzheimer's-type dementia. Ann. Neurol. 63, 377-387.
196. Tomiyama T., Matsuyama S., Iso H., Umeda T., Takuma H., Ohnishi K., Ishibashi K., Teraoka R., Sakama N., Yamashita T., Nishitsuji K., Ito K., Shimada H., Lambert M.P., Klein W.L. and Mori H. (2010). A mouse model of amyloid beta oligomers: their contribution to synaptic alteration, abnormal tau phosphorylation, glial activation, and neuronal loss in vivo. J. Neurosci. 30, 4845-4856.
197. Tong Y., Xu Y., Scearce-Levie K., Ptacek L.J. and Fu Y.H. (2010). COL25A1 triggers and promotes Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in vivo. Neurogenetics 11, 41-52.
198. van Groen T. and Kadish I. (2005). Transgenic AD model mice, effects of potential anti-AD treatments on inflammation and pathology. Brain Res. Rev. 48, 370-378.
199. Van Nostrand W.E., Xu F., Rozemuller A.J. and Colton C.A. (2010). Enhanced capillary amyloid angiopathy-associated pathology in Tg-SwDI mice with deleted nitric oxide synthase 2. Stroke 41, S135-138.
200. Vassar R., Bennett B.D., Babu-Khan S., Kahn S., Mendiaz E.A., Denis P., Teplow D.B., Ross S., Amarante P., Loeloff R., Luo Y., Fisher S., Fuller L., Edenson S., Lile J., Jarosinski M.A., Biere A.L., Curran E., Burgess T., Louis J.C., Collins F., Treanor J., Rogers G. and Citron M. (1999). beta-secretase cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein by the transmembrane aspartic protease BACE. Science 286, 735-741.
201. Vermes E., Kirsch M., Farrokhi T., Loisance D., Fanen P. and Zimmermann R. (2004). Serum amyloid A protein: Not a relevant marker for recognition of cardiac allograft rejection. Transplantation 78, 950-951.
202. Vidal R., Frangione B., Rostagno A., Mead S., Revesz T., Plant G. and Ghiso J. (1999). A stop-codon mutation in the BRI gene associated with familial British dementia. Nature 399, 776-781.
203. Virata M.J. and Zeller R.W. (2010). Ascidians: an invertebrate chordate model to study Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Dis. Model Mech. 3, 377-385.
204. Wang C.M., Devries S., Camboni M., Glass M. and Martin P.T. (2010). Immunization with the SDPM1 peptide lowers amyloid plaque burden and improves cognitive function in the APPswePSEN1(A246E) transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 39, 409-422.
205. Wang H.Y., Lee D.H., D'Andrea M.R., Peterson P.A., Shank R.P. and Reitz A.B. (2000). beta-Amyloid(1-42) binds to alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high affinity. Implications for Alzheimer's disease pathology. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 5626-5632.
206. Whitehead S.N., Massoni E., Cheng G., Hachinski V.C., Cimino M., Balduini W. and Cechetto D.F. (2010). Triflusal reduces cerebral ischemia induced inflammation in a combined mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Brain Res. 1366, 246-256.
207. Wilcock D.M., Alamed J., Gottschall P.E., Grimm J., Rosenthal A., Pons J., Ronan V., Symmonds K., Gordon M.N. and Morgan D. (2006). Deglycosylated anti-amyloid-beta antibodies eliminate cognitive deficits and reduce parenchymal amyloid with minimal vascular consequences in aged amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. J. Neurosci. 26, 5340-5346.
208. Wilcock D.M., Lewis M.R., Van Nostrand W.E., Davis J., Previti M.L., Gharkholonarehe N., Vitek M.P. and Colton C.A. (2008). Progression of amyloid pathology to Alzheimer's disease pathology in an amyloid precursor protein transgenic mouse model by removal of nitric oxide synthase 2. J. Neurosci. 28, 1537-1545.
209. Wilcock D.M., Vitek M.P. and Colton C.A. (2009). Vascular amyloid alters astrocytic water and potassium channels in mouse models and humans with Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 159, 1055-1069.
210. Wirths O., Weis J., Kayed R., Saido T.C. and Bayer T.A. (2007). Agedependent axonal degeneration in an Alzheimer mouse model. Neurobiol. Aging 28, 1689-1699.
211. Wirths O., Breyhan H., Cynis H., Schilling S., Demuth H.U. and Bayer T.A. (2009). Intraneuronal pyroglutamate-Aß 3-42 triggers neurodegeneration and lethal neurological deficits in a transgenic mouse model. Acta Neuropathol. 118, 487-496.
212. Wirths O., Bethge T., Marcello A., Harmeier A., Jawhar S., Lucassen P.J., Multhaup G., Brody D.L., Esparza T., Ingelsson M., Kalimo H., Lannfelt L. and Bayer T.A. (2010a). Pyroglutamate Aß pathology in APP/PS1KI mice, sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease cases. J. Neural Transm. 117, 85-96.
213. Wirths O., Breyhan H., Marcello A., Cotel M.C., Bruck W. and Bayer T.A. (2010b). Inflammatory changes are tightly associated with neurodegeneration in the brain and spinal cord of the APP/PS1KI mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 31, 747-757.
214. Wolfe M.S., Xia W.M., Ostaszewski B.L., Diehl T.S., Kimberly W.T. and Selkoe D.J. (1999). Two transmembrane aspartates in presenilin-1 required for presenilin endoproteolysis and gamma-secretase activity. Nature 398, 513-517.
215. Wolozin B. (2004). Cholesterol and the biology of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 41, 7-10.
216. Woodhouse A., Vickers J.C., Adlard P.A. and Dickson T.C. (2009). Dystrophic neurites in TgCRND8 and Tg2576 mice mimic human pathological brain aging. Neurobiol. Aging 30, 864-874.
217. Wu H.Y., Hudry E., Hashimoto T., Kuchibhotla K., Rozkalne A., Fan Z., Spires-Jones T., Xie H., rbel-Ornath M., Grosskreutz C.L., Bacskai B.J., Hyman B.T., Wu H.Y., Hudry E., Hashimoto T., Kuchibhotla K., Rozkalne A., Fan Z., Spires-Jones T., Xie H., rbel-Ornath M., Grosskreutz C.L., Bacskai B.J. and Hyman B.T. (2010). Amyloid beta induces the morphological neurodegenerative triad of spine loss, dendritic simplification, and neuritic dystrophies through calcineurin activation. J. Neurosci. 30, 2636-2649.
218. Xiong H., Callaghan D., Jones A., Walker D.G., Lue L.F., Beach T.G., Sue L.I., Woulfe J., Xu H., Stanimirovic D.B. and Zhang W. (2008). Cholesterol retention in Alzheimer's brain is responsible for high beta-and gamma-secretase activities and Aß production. Neurobiol. Dis. 29, 422-437.
219. Yamakawa H., Yagishita S., Futai E. and Ishiura S. (2010). beta-Secretase inhibitor potency is decreased by aberrant beta-cleavage location of the "Swedish mutant" amyloid precursor protein. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 1634-1642.
220. Yan R.Q., Bienkowski M.J., Shuck M.E., Miao H.Y., Tory M.C., Pauley A.M., Brashler J.R., Stratman N.C., Mathews W.R., Buhl A.E., Carter D.B., Tomasselli A.G., Parodi L.A., Heinrikson R.L. and Gurney M.E. (1999). Membrane-anchored aspartyl protease with Alzheimer's disease beta-secretase activity. Nature 402, 533-537.
221. Yang D.S., Stavrides P., Mohan P.S., Kaushik S., Kumar A., Ohno M., Schmidt S.D., Wesson D., Bandyopadhyay U., Jiang Y., Pawlik M., Peterhoff C.M., Yang A.J., Wilson D.A., St George-Hyslop P., Westaway D., Mathews P.M., Levy E., Cuervo A.M. and Nixon R.A. (2011). Reversal of autophagy dysfunction in the TgCRND8 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease ameliorates amyloid pathologies and memory deficits. Brain 134, 1-77.
222. Yao J., Irwin R.W., Zhao L., Nilsen J., Hamilton R.T. and Brinton R.D. (2009). Mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit precedes Alzheimer's pathology in female mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 106, 14670-14675.
223. Yuede C.M., Zimmerman S.D., Dong H., Kling M.J., Bero A.W., Holtzman D.M., Timson B.F. and Csernansky J.G. (2009). Effects of voluntary and forced exercise on plaque deposition, hippocampal volume, and behavior in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 35, 426-432.
224. Zhang J.M., Wu X.B., Qin C., Qi J., Ma S.B., Zhang H.Y., Kong Q.L., Chen D.Q., Ba D.N. and He W. (2003). A novel recombinant adenoassociated virus vaccine reduces behavioral impairment and betaamyloid plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Dis. 14, 365-379.
225. Zhang X.M., Cai Y., Xiong K., Cai H., Luo X.G., Feng J.C., Clough R.W., Struble R.G., Patrylo P.R. and Yan X.X. (2009). Beta-secretase-1 elevation in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease is associated with synaptic/axonal pathology and amyloidogenesis: implications for neuritic plaque development. Eur. J. Neurosci. 30, 2271-2283.
226. Zhang X.M., Xiong K., Cai Y., Cai H., Luo X.G., Feng J.C., Clough R.W., Patrylo P.R., Struble R.G. and Yan X.X. (2010). Functional deprivation promotes amyloid plaque pathogenesis in Tg2576 mouse olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. Eur. J. Neurosci. 31, 710-721.
227. Zhao J., Fu Y., Yasvoina M., Shao P., Hitt B., O'Connor T., Logan S., Maus E., Citron M., Berry R., Binder L. and Vassar R. (2007). Betasite amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 levels become elevated in neurons around amyloid plaques: implications for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. J. Neurosci. 27, 3639-3649.
228. Zhiyou C., Yong Y., Shanquan S., Jun Z., Liangguo H., Ling Y. and Jieying L. (2009). Upregulation of BACE1 and beta-amyloid protein mediated by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion contributes to cognitive impairment and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem. Res. 34, 1226-1235.
229. Zhu Y., Hou H., Rezai-Zadeh K., Giunta B., Ruscin A., Gemma C., Jin J., Dragicevic N., Bradshaw P., Rasool S., Glabe C.G., Ehrhart J., Bickford P., Mori T., Obregon D., Town T. and Tan J. (2011). CD45 deficiency drives amyloid-peptide oligomers and neuronal loss in Alzheimer's disease mice. J. Neurosci. 31, 1355-1365.
230. Zhuo J.M. and Pratico D. (2010). Acceleration of brain amyloidosis in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model by a folate, vitamin B6 and B12-deficient diet. Exp. Gerontol. 45, 195-201.
231. Zou J.T., Yao Z.B., Zhang G., Wang H.Q., Xu J., Yew D.T. and Forster E.L. (2008). Vaccination of Alzheimer's model mice with adenovirus vector containing quadrivalent foldable A beta(1-15) reduces A beta burden and behavioral impairment without A beta-specific T cell response. J. Neurol. Sci. 272, 87-98.