메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 101-112

Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: Lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SYNUCLEIN; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN ANTIBODY; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN[1-42]; ASPARTIC PROTEINASE; AZD 103; BETA SECRETASE; BETA SECRETASE INHIBITOR; GAMMA SECRETASE; GAMMA SECRETASE INHIBITOR; HOMOTAURINE; HUNTINGTIN; INOSITOL DERIVATIVE; INSULINASE; LEVO FLURBIPROFEN; MEMBRANE METALLOENDOPEPTIDASE; OLIGOMER; SCYLLOINOSITOL; TAU PROTEIN; UBIQUITIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN;

EID: 33847662852     PISSN: 14710072     EISSN: 14710080     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nrm2101     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (4172)

References (130)
  • 1
    • 23344453013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetics of Parkinson's disease
    • Gasser, T. Genetics of Parkinson's disease. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 18, 363-369 (2005).
    • (2005) Curr. Opin. Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 363-369
    • Gasser, T.1
  • 2
    • 0030744876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation in the α-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease
    • Polymeropoulos, M. H. et al. Mutation in the α-synuclein gene identified in families with Parkinson's disease. Science 276, 2045-2047 (1997).
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 2045-2047
    • Polymeropoulos, M.H.1
  • 3
    • 0036326067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure/function of α-synuclein in health and disease: Rational development of animal models for Parkinson's and related diseases
    • Kahle, P. J., Haass, C., Kretzschmar, H. A. & Neumann, M. Structure/function of α-synuclein in health and disease: rational development of animal models for Parkinson's and related diseases. J. Neurochem. 82, 449-457 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Neurochem , vol.82 , pp. 449-457
    • Kahle, P.J.1    Haass, C.2    Kretzschmar, H.A.3    Neumann, M.4
  • 4
    • 0030882856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α-Synuclein in Lewy bodies
    • Spillantini, M. G. et al. α-Synuclein in Lewy bodies. Nature 388, 839-840 (1997).
    • (1997) Nature , vol.388 , pp. 839-840
    • Spillantini, M.G.1
  • 5
    • 0031941058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aggregation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies of sporadic Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
    • Baba, M. et al. Aggregation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies of sporadic Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Am. J. Pathol. 152, 879-884 (1998).
    • (1998) Am. J. Pathol , vol.152 , pp. 879-884
    • Baba, M.1
  • 6
    • 0027164824 scopus 로고
    • Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Rosen, D. R. Mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature 364, 362 (1993).
    • (1993) Nature , vol.364 , pp. 362
    • Rosen, D.R.1
  • 7
    • 0027426169 scopus 로고
    • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and structural defects in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase
    • Deng, H. X. et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and structural defects in Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase. Science 261, 1047-1051 (1993).
    • (1993) Science , vol.261 , pp. 1047-1051
    • Deng, H.X.1
  • 8
    • 0027480960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes. The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group. Cell 72, 971-983 (1993).
    • A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington's disease chromosomes. The Huntington's Disease Collaborative Research Group. Cell 72, 971-983 (1993).
  • 10
    • 0021256895 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein
    • Glenner, G. G. & Wong, C. W. Alzheimer's disease: initial report of the purification and characterization of a novel cerebrovascular amyloid protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 120, 885-890 (1984).
    • (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.120 , pp. 885-890
    • Glenner, G.G.1    Wong, C.W.2
  • 11
    • 0012510759 scopus 로고
    • Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome
    • Masters, C. L. et al. Amyloid plaque core protein in Alzheimer disease and Down syndrome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 82, 4245-4249 (1985).
    • (1985) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.82 , pp. 4245-4249
    • Masters, C.L.1
  • 12
    • 0022744803 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein τ (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology
    • Grundke-Iqbal, I. et al. Abnormal phosphorylation of the microtubule-associated protein τ (tau) in Alzheimer cytoskeletal pathology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 4913-4917 (1986).
    • (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , pp. 4913-4917
    • Grundke-Iqbal, I.1
  • 13
    • 0009364134 scopus 로고
    • Microtubule-associated protein τ (tau) is a major antigenic component of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer disease
    • Kosik, K. S., Joachim, C. L. & Selkoe, D. J. Microtubule-associated protein τ (tau) is a major antigenic component of paired helical filaments in Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 83, 4044-4048 (1986).
    • (1986) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , pp. 4044-4048
    • Kosik, K.S.1    Joachim, C.L.2    Selkoe, D.J.3
  • 14
    • 0022723508 scopus 로고
    • One of the antigenic determinants of paired helical filaments is related to τ protein
    • Nukina, N. & Ihara, Y. One of the antigenic determinants of paired helical filaments is related to τ protein. J. Biochem. 99, 1541-1544 (1986).
    • (1986) J. Biochem , vol.99 , pp. 1541-1544
    • Nukina, N.1    Ihara, Y.2
  • 15
    • 0021207461 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome: Sharing of a unique cerebrovascular amyloid fibril protein
    • Glenner, G. G. & Wong, C. W. Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome: sharing of a unique cerebrovascular amyloid fibril protein. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 122, 1131-1135 (1984).
    • (1984) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun , vol.122 , pp. 1131-1135
    • Glenner, G.G.1    Wong, C.W.2
  • 16
    • 0014481635 scopus 로고
    • Presenile dementia and Alzheimer's disease in mongolism
    • Olson, M. I. & Shaw, C. M. Presenile dementia and Alzheimer's disease in mongolism. Brain 92, 147-156 (1969).
    • (1969) Brain , vol.92 , pp. 147-156
    • Olson, M.I.1    Shaw, C.M.2
  • 17
    • 0023105114 scopus 로고
    • The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor
    • Kang, J. et al. The precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 protein resembles a cell-surface receptor. Nature 325, 733-736 (1987).
    • (1987) Nature , vol.325 , pp. 733-736
    • Kang, J.1
  • 18
    • 0025296269 scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid gene in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, Dutch type
    • Levy, E. et al. Mutation of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid gene in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage, Dutch type. Science 248, 1124-1126 (1990).
    • (1990) Science , vol.248 , pp. 1124-1126
    • Levy, E.1
  • 19
    • 0026088977 scopus 로고
    • Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease
    • Goate, A. et al. Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature 349, 704-706 (1991).
    • (1991) Nature , vol.349 , pp. 704-706
    • Goate, A.1
  • 20
    • 0026075602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chartier-Harlin, M. C. et al. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease caused by mutations at codon 717 of the β-amyloid precursor protein gene. Nature 353, 844-846 (1991).
    • Chartier-Harlin, M. C. et al. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease caused by mutations at codon 717 of the β-amyloid precursor protein gene. Nature 353, 844-846 (1991).
  • 21
    • 0026907151 scopus 로고
    • A pathogenic mutation for probable Alzheimer's disease in the APP gene at the N-terminus of β-amyloid
    • Mullan, M. et al. A pathogenic mutation for probable Alzheimer's disease in the APP gene at the N-terminus of β-amyloid. Nature Genet. 1, 345-347 (1992).
    • (1992) Nature Genet , vol.1 , pp. 345-347
    • Mullan, M.1
  • 22
    • 0025753852 scopus 로고
    • The molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease
    • Selkoe, D. J. The molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 6, 487-498 (1991).
    • (1991) Neuron , vol.6 , pp. 487-498
    • Selkoe, D.J.1
  • 23
    • 0026597063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hardy, J. A. & Higgins, G. A. Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Science 256, 184-185 (1992). References 22 and 23 set out the amyloid cascade hypothesis, for which strong experimental evidence is now accumulating.
    • Hardy, J. A. & Higgins, G. A. Alzheimer's disease: the amyloid cascade hypothesis. Science 256, 184-185 (1992). References 22 and 23 set out the amyloid cascade hypothesis, for which strong experimental evidence is now accumulating.
  • 24
    • 0037135111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: Progress and problems on the road to therapeutics
    • Hardy, J. & Selkoe, D. J. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science 297, 353-356 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 353-356
    • Hardy, J.1    Selkoe, D.J.2
  • 25
    • 0026646604 scopus 로고
    • Amyloid β-peptide is produced by cultured cells during normal metabolism
    • Haass, C. et al. Amyloid β-peptide is produced by cultured cells during normal metabolism. Nature 359, 322-325 (1992).
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 322-325
    • Haass, C.1
  • 26
    • 0026646605 scopus 로고
    • Isolation and quantification of soluble Alzheimer's β-peptide from biological fluids
    • Seubert, P. et al. Isolation and quantification of soluble Alzheimer's β-peptide from biological fluids. Nature 359, 325-327 (1992).
    • (1992) Nature , vol.359 , pp. 325-327
    • Seubert, P.1
  • 27
    • 0026760261 scopus 로고
    • Production of the Alzheimer amyloid β-protein by normal proteolytic processing
    • Shoji, M. et al. Production of the Alzheimer amyloid β-protein by normal proteolytic processing. Science 258, 126-129 (1992).
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 126-129
    • Shoji, M.1
  • 28
    • 0027407570 scopus 로고
    • Generation of β-amyloid in the secretory pathway in neuronal and nonneuronal cells
    • Busciglio, J., Gabuzda, D. H., Matsudaira, P. & Yankner, B. A. Generation of β-amyloid in the secretory pathway in neuronal and nonneuronal cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 2092-2096 (1993).
    • (1993) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 2092-2096
    • Busciglio, J.1    Gabuzda, D.H.2    Matsudaira, P.3    Yankner, B.A.4
  • 29
    • 1442264828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haass, C. Take five-BACE and the γ-secretase quartet conduct Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide generation. EMBO J. 23, 483-488 (2004). A review on APP processing by β- and γ-secretase.
    • Haass, C. Take five-BACE and the γ-secretase quartet conduct Alzheimer's amyloid β-peptide generation. EMBO J. 23, 483-488 (2004). A review on APP processing by β- and γ-secretase.
  • 30
    • 0034681260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulated intramembrane proteolysis: A control mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans
    • Brown, M. S., Ye, J., Rawson, R. B. & Goldstein, J. L. Regulated intramembrane proteolysis: a control mechanism conserved from bacteria to humans. Cell 100, 391-398 (2000).
    • (2000) Cell , vol.100 , pp. 391-398
    • Brown, M.S.1    Ye, J.2    Rawson, R.B.3    Goldstein, J.L.4
  • 31
    • 0037304947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intramembrane-cleaving proteases: Controlled liberation of functional proteins and peptides from membranes
    • Weihofen, A. & Martoglio, B. Intramembrane-cleaving proteases: controlled liberation of functional proteins and peptides from membranes. Trends Cell Biol. 13, 71-78 (2003).
    • (2003) Trends Cell Biol , vol.13 , pp. 71-78
    • Weihofen, A.1    Martoglio, B.2
  • 32
    • 0034671686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Notch signaling: From the outside in
    • Mumm, J. S. & Kopan, R. Notch signaling: from the outside in. Dev. Biol. 228, 151-165 (2000).
    • (2000) Dev. Biol , vol.228 , pp. 151-165
    • Mumm, J.S.1    Kopan, R.2
  • 33
    • 0033535553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two transmembrane aspartates in presenilin-1 required for presenilin endoproteolysis and γ-secretase activity
    • Wolfe, M. S. et al. Two transmembrane aspartates in presenilin-1 required for presenilin endoproteolysis and γ-secretase activity. Nature 398, 513-517 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature , vol.398 , pp. 513-517
    • Wolfe, M.S.1
  • 34
    • 0033778262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycine 384 is required for presenilin-1 function and is conserved in polytopic bacterial aspartyl proteases
    • Steiner, H. et al. Glycine 384 is required for presenilin-1 function and is conserved in polytopic bacterial aspartyl proteases. Nature Cell Biol. 2, 848-851 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Cell Biol , vol.2 , pp. 848-851
    • Steiner, H.1
  • 35
    • 0038652102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • γ-Secretase is a membrane protein complex comprised of presenilin, nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2
    • Kimberly, W. T. et al. γ-Secretase is a membrane protein complex comprised of presenilin, nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 6382-6387 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 6382-6387
    • Kimberly, W.T.1
  • 36
    • 0037468759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of presenilin cofactors in the γ-secretase complex
    • Takasugi, N. et al. The role of presenilin cofactors in the γ-secretase complex. Nature 422, 438-441 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.422 , pp. 438-441
    • Takasugi, N.1
  • 37
    • 0038664363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconstitution of γ-secretase activity
    • Edbauer, D. et al. Reconstitution of γ-secretase activity. Nature Cell Biol. 5, 486-488 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Cell Biol , vol.5 , pp. 486-488
    • Edbauer, D.1
  • 38
    • 0034774969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presenilin-dependent γ-secretase processing of β-amyloid precursor protein at a site corresponding to the S3 cleavage of Notch
    • 835-841
    • Sastre, M. et al. Presenilin-dependent γ-secretase processing of β-amyloid precursor protein at a site corresponding to the S3 cleavage of Notch. EMBO Rep. 2, 835-841 (2001).
    • (2001) EMBO Rep , vol.2
    • Sastre, M.1
  • 39
    • 0037176727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel ε-cleavage within the transmembrane domain of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein demonstrates homology with Notch processing
    • Weidemann, A. et al. A novel ε-cleavage within the transmembrane domain of the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein demonstrates homology with Notch processing. Biochemistry 41, 2825-2835 (2002).
    • (2002) Biochemistry , vol.41 , pp. 2825-2835
    • Weidemann, A.1
  • 40
    • 0035929554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct intramembrane cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein family resembling γ-secretase-like cleavage of Notch
    • Gu, Y. et al. Distinct intramembrane cleavage of the β-amyloid precursor protein family resembling γ-secretase-like cleavage of Notch. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 35235-35238 (2001).
    • (2001) J. Biol. Chem , vol.276 , pp. 35235-35238
    • Gu, Y.1
  • 41
    • 19944430034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longer forms of amyloid β protein: Implications for the mechanism of intramembrane cleavage by γ-secretase
    • Qi-Takahara, Y. et al. Longer forms of amyloid β protein: implications for the mechanism of intramembrane cleavage by γ-secretase. J. Neurosci. 25, 436-445 (2005).
    • (2005) J. Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 436-445
    • Qi-Takahara, Y.1
  • 42
    • 27844441278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • γ-cleavage is dependent on ζ-cleavage during the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein within its transmembrane domain
    • Zhao, G. et al. γ-cleavage is dependent on ζ-cleavage during the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein within its transmembrane domain. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 37689-37697(2005).
    • (2005) J. Biol. Chem , vol.280 , pp. 37689-37697
    • Zhao, G.1
  • 43
    • 0030669036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of senile plaques
    • Dickson, D. W. The pathogenesis of senile plaques. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56, 321-339 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol , vol.56 , pp. 321-339
    • Dickson, D.W.1
  • 44
    • 0038117796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation between elevated levels of amyloid β-peptide in the brain and cognitive decline
    • Naslund, J. et al. Correlation between elevated levels of amyloid β-peptide in the brain and cognitive decline. JAMA 283, 1571-1577 (2000).
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 1571-1577
    • Naslund, J.1
  • 45
    • 0032888131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble amyloid β peptide concentration as a predictor of synaptic change in Alzheimer's disease
    • Lue, L. F. et al. Soluble amyloid β peptide concentration as a predictor of synaptic change in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 155, 853-862 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Pathol , vol.155 , pp. 853-862
    • Lue, L.F.1
  • 46
    • 0032590054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soluble pool of Aβ amyloid as a determinant of severity of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease
    • McLean, C. A. et al. Soluble pool of Aβ amyloid as a determinant of severity of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 46, 860-866 (1999).
    • (1999) Ann. Neurol , vol.46 , pp. 860-866
    • McLean, C.A.1
  • 47
    • 0032837741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The levels of soluble versus insoluble brain Aβ distinguish Alzheimer's disease from normal and pathologic aging
    • Wang, J., Dickson, D. W., Trojanowski, J. Q. & Lee, V. M. The levels of soluble versus insoluble brain Aβ distinguish Alzheimer's disease from normal and pathologic aging. Exp. Neurol. 158, 328-337 (1999).
    • (1999) Exp. Neurol , vol.158 , pp. 328-337
    • Wang, J.1    Dickson, D.W.2    Trojanowski, J.Q.3    Lee, V.M.4
  • 48
    • 7244236320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arrasate, M., Mitra, S., Schweitzer, E. S., Segal, M. R. & Finkbeiner, S. Inclusion body formation reduces levels of mutant huntingtin and the risk of neuronal death. Nature 431, 805-810 (2004). Evidence that small, diffusible aggregates of intracellular huntingtin can confer neurotoxicity, perhaps analogously to soluble Aβ oligomers.
    • Arrasate, M., Mitra, S., Schweitzer, E. S., Segal, M. R. & Finkbeiner, S. Inclusion body formation reduces levels of mutant huntingtin and the risk of neuronal death. Nature 431, 805-810 (2004). Evidence that small, diffusible aggregates of intracellular huntingtin can confer neurotoxicity, perhaps analogously to soluble Aβ oligomers.
  • 49
    • 3042717240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular toxicity of polyglutamine expansion proteins: Mechanism of transcription factor deactivation
    • Schaffar, G. et al. Cellular toxicity of polyglutamine expansion proteins: mechanism of transcription factor deactivation. Mol. Cell 15, 95-105 (2004).
    • (2004) Mol. Cell , vol.15 , pp. 95-105
    • Schaffar, G.1
  • 50
    • 0033391428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the E6-AP ubiquitin ligase reduces nuclear inclusion frequency while accelerating polyglutamine-induced pathology in SCA1 mice
    • Cummings, C. J. et al. Mutation of the E6-AP ubiquitin ligase reduces nuclear inclusion frequency while accelerating polyglutamine-induced pathology in SCA1 mice. Neuron 24, 879-892 (1999).
    • (1999) Neuron , vol.24 , pp. 879-892
    • Cummings, C.J.1
  • 51
    • 7044220336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrillar amyloid deposition leads to local synaptic abnormalities and breakage of neuronal branches
    • Tsai, J., Grutzendler, J., Duff, K. & Gan, W. B. Fibrillar amyloid deposition leads to local synaptic abnormalities and breakage of neuronal branches. Nature Neurosci. 7, 1181-1183 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 1181-1183
    • Tsai, J.1    Grutzendler, J.2    Duff, K.3    Gan, W.B.4
  • 52
    • 0037551741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protofibrils, pores, fibrils, and neurodegeneration: Separating the responsible protein aggregates from the innocent bystanders
    • Caughey, B. & Lansbury, P. T. Protofibrils, pores, fibrils, and neurodegeneration: separating the responsible protein aggregates from the innocent bystanders. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 26, 267-298 (2003).
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 267-298
    • Caughey, B.1    Lansbury, P.T.2
  • 53
    • 0032084472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and kinetic features of amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis
    • Teplow, D. B. Structural and kinetic features of amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis. Amyloid 5, 121-142 (1998).
    • (1998) Amyloid , vol.5 , pp. 121-142
    • Teplow, D.B.1
  • 54
    • 0030614627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observation of metastable Aβ amyloid protofibrils by atomic force microscopy
    • Harper, J. D., Wong, S. S., Lieber, C. M. & Lansbury, P. T. Observation of metastable Aβ amyloid protofibrils by atomic force microscopy. Chem. Biol. 4, 119-125 (1997).
    • (1997) Chem. Biol , vol.4 , pp. 119-125
    • Harper, J.D.1    Wong, S.S.2    Lieber, C.M.3    Lansbury, P.T.4
  • 55
    • 0033570337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protofibrillar intermediates of amyloid β-protein induce acute electrophysiological changes and progressive neurotoxicity in cortical neurons
    • Hartley, D. M. et al. Protofibrillar intermediates of amyloid β-protein induce acute electrophysiological changes and progressive neurotoxicity in cortical neurons. J. Neurosci. 19, 8876-8884 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 8876-8884
    • Hartley, D.M.1
  • 56
    • 0030799122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis. Detection of a protofibrillar intermediate
    • Walsh, D. M., Lomakin, A., Benedek, G. B., Condron, M. M. & Teplow, D. B. Amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis. Detection of a protofibrillar intermediate. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 22364-22372 (1997).
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem , vol.272 , pp. 22364-22372
    • Walsh, D.M.1    Lomakin, A.2    Benedek, G.B.3    Condron, M.M.4    Teplow, D.B.5
  • 57
    • 0033520461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis. Structure and biological activity of protofibrillar intermediates
    • Walsh, D. M. et al. Amyloid β-protein fibrillogenesis. Structure and biological activity of protofibrillar intermediates. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 25945-25952 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem , vol.274 , pp. 25945-25952
    • Walsh, D.M.1
  • 58
    • 0037422540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) assembly: Aβ40 and Aβ42 oligomerize through distinct pathways
    • Bitan, G. et al. Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) assembly: Aβ40 and Aβ42 oligomerize through distinct pathways. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 330-335 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 330-335
    • Bitan, G.1
  • 59
    • 0037130174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurodegenerative disease: Amyloid pores from pathogenic mutations
    • Lashuel, H. A., Hartley, D., Petre, B. M., Walz, T. & Lansbury, P. T. Jr. Neurodegenerative disease: amyloid pores from pathogenic mutations. Nature 418, 291 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , pp. 291
    • Lashuel, H.A.1    Hartley, D.2    Petre, B.M.3    Walz, T.4    Lansbury Jr., P.T.5
  • 60
    • 11544279355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Aβ1-42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins
    • Lambert, M. P. et al. Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Aβ1-42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 6448-6453 (1998).
    • (1998) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 6448-6453
    • Lambert, M.P.1
  • 61
    • 0042838303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease-affected brain: Presence of oligomeric Aβ ligands (ADDLs) suggests a molecular basis for reversible memory loss
    • Gong, Y. et al. Alzheimer's disease-affected brain: presence of oligomeric Aβ ligands (ADDLs) suggests a molecular basis for reversible memory loss. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100, 10417-10422 (2003).
    • (2003) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.100 , pp. 10417-10422
    • Gong, Y.1
  • 62
    • 33645038471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lesne, S. et al. A specific amyloid-β protein assembly in the brain impairs memory. Nature 440, 352-357 (2006). Identification of a brain-derived Aβ oligomeric assembly, which impairs memory.
    • Lesne, S. et al. A specific amyloid-β protein assembly in the brain impairs memory. Nature 440, 352-357 (2006). Identification of a brain-derived Aβ oligomeric assembly, which impairs memory.
  • 63
    • 0028952749 scopus 로고
    • Aggregation of secreted amyloid β-protein into sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable oligomers in cell culture
    • Podlisny, M. B. et al. Aggregation of secreted amyloid β-protein into sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable oligomers in cell culture. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 9564-9570 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem , vol.270 , pp. 9564-9570
    • Podlisny, M.B.1
  • 64
    • 0034609516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oligomerization of amyloid β-protein begins intracellularly in cells derived from human brain
    • Walsh, D. M., Tseng, B. P., Rydel, R. E., Podlisny, M. B. & Selkoe, D. J. The oligomerization of amyloid β-protein begins intracellularly in cells derived from human brain. Biochemistry 39, 10831-10839 (2000).
    • (2000) Biochemistry , vol.39 , pp. 10831-10839
    • Walsh, D.M.1    Tseng, B.P.2    Rydel, R.E.3    Podlisny, M.B.4    Selkoe, D.J.5
  • 65
    • 0032983254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable amyloid β-protein dimers in the hippocampus CA1 not exhibiting neurofibrillary tangle formation
    • Funato, H., Enya, M., Yoshimura, M., Morishima-Kawashima, M. & Ihara, Y. Presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable amyloid β-protein dimers in the hippocampus CA1 not exhibiting neurofibrillary tangle formation. Am. J. Pathol. 155, 23-28 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Pathol , vol.155 , pp. 23-28
    • Funato, H.1    Enya, M.2    Yoshimura, M.3    Morishima-Kawashima, M.4    Ihara, Y.5
  • 66
    • 0032893154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appearance of sodium dodecyl sulfatestable amyloid β-protein (Aβ) dimer in the cortex during aging
    • Enya, M. et al. Appearance of sodium dodecyl sulfatestable amyloid β-protein (Aβ) dimer in the cortex during aging. Am. J. Pathol. 154, 271-279 (1999).
    • (1999) Am. J. Pathol , vol.154 , pp. 271-279
    • Enya, M.1
  • 67
    • 11144356498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimeric amyloid β protein rapidly accumulates in lipid rafts followed by apolipoprotein E and phosphorylated τ accumulation in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Kawarabayashi, T. et al. Dimeric amyloid β protein rapidly accumulates in lipid rafts followed by apolipoprotein E and phosphorylated τ accumulation in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. J. Neurosci. 24, 3801-3809 (2004).
    • (2004) J. Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 3801-3809
    • Kawarabayashi, T.1
  • 68
    • 9444245809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphology and toxicity of Aβ-(1-42) dimer derived from neuritic and vascular amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease
    • Roher, A. E. et al. Morphology and toxicity of Aβ-(1-42) dimer derived from neuritic and vascular amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 20631-20635 (1996).
    • (1996) J. Biol. Chem , vol.271 , pp. 20631-20635
    • Roher, A.E.1
  • 69
    • 0037041426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Walsh, D. M. et al. Naturally secreted oligomers of amyloid β protein potently inhibit hippocampal longterm potentiation in vivo. Nature 416, 535-539 (2002). Defines a synaptotoxic function for small, soluble oligomers of secreted Aβ in vivo.
    • Walsh, D. M. et al. Naturally secreted oligomers of amyloid β protein potently inhibit hippocampal longterm potentiation in vivo. Nature 416, 535-539 (2002). Defines a synaptotoxic function for small, soluble oligomers of secreted Aβ in vivo.
  • 70
    • 0344672942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kamenetz, F. et al. APP processing and synaptic function. Neuron 37, 925-937 (2003). Demonstrates the effects of Aβ on synaptic function upon the stimulation of neuronal activity.
    • Kamenetz, F. et al. APP processing and synaptic function. Neuron 37, 925-937 (2003). Demonstrates the effects of Aβ on synaptic function upon the stimulation of neuronal activity.
  • 71
    • 33645505550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of secreted oligomers of amyloid β-protein on hippocampal synaptic plasticity: A potent role for trimers
    • Townsend, M., Shankar, G. M., Mehta, T., Walsh, D. M. & Selkoe, D. J. Effects of secreted oligomers of amyloid β-protein on hippocampal synaptic plasticity: a potent role for trimers. J. Physiol. 572, 477-492 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Physiol , vol.572 , pp. 477-492
    • Townsend, M.1    Shankar, G.M.2    Mehta, T.3    Walsh, D.M.4    Selkoe, D.J.5
  • 72
    • 21044453723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Klyubin, I. et al. Amyloid β protein immunotherapy neutralizes Aβ oligomers that disrupt synaptic plasticity in vivo. Nature Med. 11, 556-561 (2005). LTP inhibition by soluble oligomers of human Aβ is prevented by active and passive Aβ immunotherapy.
    • Klyubin, I. et al. Amyloid β protein immunotherapy neutralizes Aβ oligomers that disrupt synaptic plasticity in vivo. Nature Med. 11, 556-561 (2005). LTP inhibition by soluble oligomers of human Aβ is prevented by active and passive Aβ immunotherapy.
  • 73
    • 16644379264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural oligomers of the amyloid-β protein specifically disrupt cognitive function
    • Cleary, J. P. et al. Natural oligomers of the amyloid-β protein specifically disrupt cognitive function. Nature Neurosci. 8, 79-84 (2005).
    • (2005) Nature Neurosci , vol.8 , pp. 79-84
    • Cleary, J.P.1
  • 74
    • 29144487182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cirrito, J. R. et al. Synaptic activity regulates interstitial fluid amyloid-β levels in vivo. Neuron 48, 913-922 (2005). An in vivo demonstration of the effects of synaptic activity on Aβ levels.
    • Cirrito, J. R. et al. Synaptic activity regulates interstitial fluid amyloid-β levels in vivo. Neuron 48, 913-922 (2005). An in vivo demonstration of the effects of synaptic activity on Aβ levels.
  • 75
    • 23044445669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snyder, E. M. et al. Regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking by amyloid-β. Nature Neurosci. 8, 1051-1058 (2005). A cellular mechanism that describes how Aβ lowers NMDA-evoked currents.
    • Snyder, E. M. et al. Regulation of NMDA receptor trafficking by amyloid-β. Nature Neurosci. 8, 1051-1058 (2005). A cellular mechanism that describes how Aβ lowers NMDA-evoked currents.
  • 76
    • 33747199933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquitin hydrolase Uch-L1 rescues β-amyloid-induced decreases in synaptic function and contextual memory
    • Gong, B. et al. Ubiquitin hydrolase Uch-L1 rescues β-amyloid-induced decreases in synaptic function and contextual memory. Cell 126, 775-788 (2006).
    • (2006) Cell , vol.126 , pp. 775-788
    • Gong, B.1
  • 77
    • 33749020837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exogenous induction of cerebral β-amyloidogenesis is governed by agent and host
    • Meyer-Luehmann, M. et al. Exogenous induction of cerebral β-amyloidogenesis is governed by agent and host. Science 313, 1781-1784 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 1781-1784
    • Meyer-Luehmann, M.1
  • 78
    • 33644861975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common structure and toxic function of amyloid oligomers implies a common mechanism of pathogenesis
    • Glabe, C. G. & Kayed, R. Common structure and toxic function of amyloid oligomers implies a common mechanism of pathogenesis. Neurology 66, S74-S78 (2006).
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66
    • Glabe, C.G.1    Kayed, R.2
  • 79
    • 0242668337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kayed, R. et al. Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489 (2003). Describes common conformational epitopes on oligomers of completely distinct amyloidogenic proteins.
    • Kayed, R. et al. Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300, 486-489 (2003). Describes common conformational epitopes on oligomers of completely distinct amyloidogenic proteins.
  • 80
    • 0036415838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α-Synuclein, especially the Parkinson's disease-associated mutants, forms porelike annular and tubular protofibrils
    • Lashuel, H. A. et al. α-Synuclein, especially the Parkinson's disease-associated mutants, forms porelike annular and tubular protofibrils. J. Mol. Biol. 322, 1089-1102 (2002).
    • (2002) J. Mol. Biol , vol.322 , pp. 1089-1102
    • Lashuel, H.A.1
  • 81
    • 0034646391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fibrils formed in vitro from α-synuclein and two mutant forms linked to Parkinson's disease are typical amyloid
    • Conway, K. A., Harper, J. D. & Lansbury, P. T. Jr. Fibrils formed in vitro from α-synuclein and two mutant forms linked to Parkinson's disease are typical amyloid. Biochemistry 39, 2552-2563 (2000).
    • (2000) Biochemistry , vol.39 , pp. 2552-2563
    • Conway, K.A.1    Harper, J.D.2    Lansbury Jr., P.T.3
  • 82
    • 0031787871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant α-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease
    • Conway, K. A., Harper, J. D. & Lansbury, P. T. Accelerated in vitro fibril formation by a mutant α-synuclein linked to early-onset Parkinson disease. Nature Med. 4, 1318-1320 (1998).
    • (1998) Nature Med , vol.4 , pp. 1318-1320
    • Conway, K.A.1    Harper, J.D.2    Lansbury, P.T.3
  • 83
    • 0034681163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acceleration of oligomerization, not fibrillization, is a shared property of both α-synuclein mutations linked to early-onset Parkinson's disease: Implications for pathogenesis and therapy
    • Conway, K. A. et al. Acceleration of oligomerization, not fibrillization, is a shared property of both α-synuclein mutations linked to early-onset Parkinson's disease: implications for pathogenesis and therapy. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 97, 571-576 (2000).
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.97 , pp. 571-576
    • Conway, K.A.1
  • 84
    • 33747032067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous formation of annular structures observed in molecular dynamics simulations of polyglutamine peptides
    • Marchut, A. J. & Hall, C. K. Spontaneous formation of annular structures observed in molecular dynamics simulations of polyglutamine peptides. Comput. Biol. Chem. 30, 215-218 (2006).
    • (2006) Comput. Biol. Chem , vol.30 , pp. 215-218
    • Marchut, A.J.1    Hall, C.K.2
  • 85
    • 2542483823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ABri peptide associated with familial British dementia forms annular and ring-like protofibrillar structures
    • Srinivasan, R., Marchant, R. E. & Zagorski, M. G. ABri peptide associated with familial British dementia forms annular and ring-like protofibrillar structures. Amyloid 11, 10-13 (2004).
    • (2004) Amyloid , vol.11 , pp. 10-13
    • Srinivasan, R.1    Marchant, R.E.2    Zagorski, M.G.3
  • 86
    • 0026755755 scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer-like paired helical filaments and antiparallel dimers formed from microtubule-associated protein τ in vitro
    • Wille, H., Drewes, G., Biernat, J., Mandelkow, E. M. & Mandelkow, E. Alzheimer-like paired helical filaments and antiparallel dimers formed from microtubule-associated protein τ in vitro. J. Cell. Biol. 118, 573-584 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Cell. Biol , vol.118 , pp. 573-584
    • Wille, H.1    Drewes, G.2    Biernat, J.3    Mandelkow, E.M.4    Mandelkow, E.5
  • 88
    • 33749632259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
    • Neumann, M. et al. Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Science 314, 130-133 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 130-133
    • Neumann, M.1
  • 89
    • 33750455150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of peripheral nerve myelination by the β-secretase BACE1
    • Willem, M. et al. Control of peripheral nerve myelination by the β-secretase BACE1. Science 314, 664-666 (2006).
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 664-666
    • Willem, M.1
  • 90
    • 0033536163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schenk, D. et al. Immunization with amyloid-β attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse. Nature 400, 173-177 (1999). Initial report of the beneficial effects of Aβ immunotherapy in a transgenic mouse model of AD.
    • Schenk, D. et al. Immunization with amyloid-β attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse. Nature 400, 173-177 (1999). Initial report of the beneficial effects of Aβ immunotherapy in a transgenic mouse model of AD.
  • 91
    • 0033835996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripherally administered antibodies against amyloid β-peptide enter the central nervous system and reduce pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease
    • Bard, F. et al. Peripherally administered antibodies against amyloid β-peptide enter the central nervous system and reduce pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. Nature Med. 6, 916-919 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Med , vol.6 , pp. 916-919
    • Bard, F.1
  • 92
    • 10744230547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subacute meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients with AD after Aβ42 immunization
    • Orgogozo, J. M. et al. Subacute meningoencephalitis in a subset of patients with AD after Aβ42 immunization. Neurology 61, 46-54 (2003).
    • (2003) Neurology , vol.61 , pp. 46-54
    • Orgogozo, J.M.1
  • 93
    • 0038100154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hock, C. et al. Antibodies against β-amyloid slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 38, 547-554 (2003). First report of the beneficial effects of Aβ immunotherapy in a small cohort of vaccinated patients with AD.
    • Hock, C. et al. Antibodies against β-amyloid slow cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 38, 547-554 (2003). First report of the beneficial effects of Aβ immunotherapy in a small cohort of vaccinated patients with AD.
  • 94
    • 20944448555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effects of Aβ immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial
    • Gilman, S. et al. Clinical effects of Aβ immunization (AN1792) in patients with AD in an interrupted trial. Neurology 64, 1553-1562 (2005).
    • (2005) Neurology , vol.64 , pp. 1553-1562
    • Gilman, S.1
  • 95
    • 0037393454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nicoll, J. A. et al. Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-β peptide: a case report. Nature Med. 9, 448-452 (2003). First report of the apparent removal of Aβ deposits in humans by a therapeutic agent.
    • Nicoll, J. A. et al. Neuropathology of human Alzheimer disease after immunization with amyloid-β peptide: a case report. Nature Med. 9, 448-452 (2003). First report of the apparent removal of Aβ deposits in humans by a therapeutic agent.
  • 96
    • 33748767945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-β peptide remnants in AN-1792-immunized Alzheimer's disease patients: A biochemical analysis
    • Patton, R. L. et al. Amyloid-β peptide remnants in AN-1792-immunized Alzheimer's disease patients: a biochemical analysis. Am. J. Pathol. 169, 1048-1063 (2006).
    • (2006) Am. J. Pathol , vol.169 , pp. 1048-1063
    • Patton, R.L.1
  • 97
    • 4043167747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oddo, S., Billings, L., Kesslak, J. P., Cribbs, D. H. & LaFerla, F. M. Aβ immunotherapy leads to clearance of early, but not late, hyperphosphorylated τ aggregates via the proteasome. Neuron 43, 321-332 (2004). Further evidence of a linear connection between Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation in an animal model.
    • Oddo, S., Billings, L., Kesslak, J. P., Cribbs, D. H. & LaFerla, F. M. Aβ immunotherapy leads to clearance of early, but not late, hyperphosphorylated τ aggregates via the proteasome. Neuron 43, 321-332 (2004). Further evidence of a linear connection between Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation in an animal model.
  • 98
    • 0037155581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain to plasma amyloid-β efflux: A measure of brain amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
    • DeMattos, R. B., Bales, K. R., Cummins, D. J., Paul, S. M. & Holtzman, D. M. Brain to plasma amyloid-β efflux: a measure of brain amyloid burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Science 295, 2264-2267 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 2264-2267
    • DeMattos, R.B.1    Bales, K.R.2    Cummins, D.J.3    Paul, S.M.4    Holtzman, D.M.5
  • 99
    • 0036240395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain Aβ burden in Alzheimer's disease model
    • Dodart, J. C. et al. Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain Aβ burden in Alzheimer's disease model. Nature Neurosci. 5, 452-457 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 452-457
    • Dodart, J.C.1
  • 100
    • 0034700471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A β peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease
    • Janus, C. et al. A β peptide immunization reduces behavioural impairment and plaques in a model of Alzheimer's disease. Nature 408, 979-982 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature , vol.408 , pp. 979-982
    • Janus, C.1
  • 102
    • 0001181116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease: Molecular understanding predicts amyloid-based therapeutics
    • Selkoe, D. J. & Schenk, D. Alzheimer's disease: molecular understanding predicts amyloid-based therapeutics. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 43, 545-584 (2003).
    • (2003) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol , vol.43 , pp. 545-584
    • Selkoe, D.J.1    Schenk, D.2
  • 103
    • 0036852750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McLaurin, J. et al. Therapeutically effective antibodies against amyloid-β peptide target amyloid-β residues 4-10 and inhibit cytotoxicity and fibrillogenesis. Nature Med. 8, 1263-1269 (2002). Important mechanistic insights about how Aβ immunotherapy can prevent oligomerization and cytotoxicity.
    • McLaurin, J. et al. Therapeutically effective antibodies against amyloid-β peptide target amyloid-β residues 4-10 and inhibit cytotoxicity and fibrillogenesis. Nature Med. 8, 1263-1269 (2002). Important mechanistic insights about how Aβ immunotherapy can prevent oligomerization and cytotoxicity.
  • 104
    • 0030058382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoclonal antibodies inhibit in vitro fibrillar aggregation of the Alzheimer β-amyloid peptide
    • Solomon, B., Koppel, R., Hanan, E. & Katzav, T. Monoclonal antibodies inhibit in vitro fibrillar aggregation of the Alzheimer β-amyloid peptide. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 452-455 (1996).
    • (1996) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.93 , pp. 452-455
    • Solomon, B.1    Koppel, R.2    Hanan, E.3    Katzav, T.4
  • 105
    • 0000398342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates extracellular levels of amyloid β- protein by degradation
    • Qiu, W. Q. et al. Insulin-degrading enzyme regulates extracellular levels of amyloid β- protein by degradation. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 32730-32738 (1998).
    • (1998) J. Biol. Chem , vol.273 , pp. 32730-32738
    • Qiu, W.Q.1
  • 106
    • 18544410708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The plasmin system is induced by and degrades amyloid-β aggregates
    • Tucker, H. M. et al. The plasmin system is induced by and degrades amyloid-β aggregates. J. Neurosci. 20, 3937-3946 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 3937-3946
    • Tucker, H.M.1
  • 107
    • 33748524564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiamyloidogenic and neuroprotective functions of cathepsin B: Implications for Alzheimer's disease
    • Mueller-Steiner, S. et al. Antiamyloidogenic and neuroprotective functions of cathepsin B: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 51, 703-714 (2006).
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.51 , pp. 703-714
    • Mueller-Steiner, S.1
  • 108
    • 0033621739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of the major Aβ1-42-degrading catabolic pathway in brain parenchyma: Suppression leads to biochemical and pathological deposition
    • Iwata, N. et al. Identification of the major Aβ1-42-degrading catabolic pathway in brain parenchyma: suppression leads to biochemical and pathological deposition. Nature Med. 6, 143-150 (2000).
    • (2000) Nature Med , vol.6 , pp. 143-150
    • Iwata, N.1
  • 109
    • 0346101885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced proteolysis of β-amyloid in APP transgenic mice prevents plaque formation, secondary pathology, and premature death
    • Leissring, M. A. et al. Enhanced proteolysis of β-amyloid in APP transgenic mice prevents plaque formation, secondary pathology, and premature death. Neuron 40, 1087-1093 (2003).
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.40 , pp. 1087-1093
    • Leissring, M.A.1
  • 110
    • 33745808762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neprilysin-sensitive synapse-associated Aβ oligomers impair neuronal plasticity and cognitive function
    • Huang, S. M. et al. Neprilysin-sensitive synapse-associated Aβ oligomers impair neuronal plasticity and cognitive function. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 17941-17951 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem , vol.281 , pp. 17941-17951
    • Huang, S.M.1
  • 111
    • 0033572813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of Alzheimer amyloid-β peptides with glycosaminoglycans effects on fibril nucleation and growth
    • McLaurin, J., Franklin, T., Zhang, X., Deng, J. & Fraser, P. E. Interactions of Alzheimer amyloid-β peptides with glycosaminoglycans effects on fibril nucleation and growth. Eur. J. Biochem. 266, 1101-1110 (1999).
    • (1999) Eur. J. Biochem , vol.266 , pp. 1101-1110
    • McLaurin, J.1    Franklin, T.2    Zhang, X.3    Deng, J.4    Fraser, P.E.5
  • 112
    • 0034674785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inositol stereoisomers stabilize an oligomeric aggregate of Alzheimer amyloid β peptide and inhibit aβ-induced toxicity
    • McLaurin, J., Golomb, R., Jurewicz, A., Antel, J. P. & Fraser, P. E. Inositol stereoisomers stabilize an oligomeric aggregate of Alzheimer amyloid β peptide and inhibit aβ-induced toxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 18495-18502 (2000).
    • (2000) J. Biol. Chem , vol.275 , pp. 18495-18502
    • McLaurin, J.1    Golomb, R.2    Jurewicz, A.3    Antel, J.P.4    Fraser, P.E.5
  • 113
    • 33745922350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McLaurin, J. et al. Cyclohexanehexol inhibitors of Aβ aggregation prevent and reverse Alzheimer phenotype in a mouse model. Nature Med. 12, 801-808 (2006). New Aβ-aggregation inhibitors show beneficial effects on plaque burden and behaviour in mice.
    • McLaurin, J. et al. Cyclohexanehexol inhibitors of Aβ aggregation prevent and reverse Alzheimer phenotype in a mouse model. Nature Med. 12, 801-808 (2006). New Aβ-aggregation inhibitors show beneficial effects on plaque burden and behaviour in mice.
  • 114
    • 0035829592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weggen, S. et al. A subset of NSAIDs lower amyloidogenic Aβ42 independently of cyclooxygenase activity. Nature 414, 212-216 (2001). Discovery of certain NSAIDs as γ-secretase modulators: they lead to shorter, less amyloidogenic Aβ species.
    • Weggen, S. et al. A subset of NSAIDs lower amyloidogenic Aβ42 independently of cyclooxygenase activity. Nature 414, 212-216 (2001). Discovery of certain NSAIDs as γ-secretase modulators: they lead to shorter, less amyloidogenic Aβ species.
  • 115
    • 0035979234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presenilin-dependent γ-secretase activity modulates thymocyte development
    • Doerfler, P., Shearman, M. S. & Perlmutter, R. M. Presenilin-dependent γ-secretase activity modulates thymocyte development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 9312-9317 (2001).
    • (2001) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.98 , pp. 9312-9317
    • Doerfler, P.1    Shearman, M.S.2    Perlmutter, R.M.3
  • 116
    • 0036023971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geling, A., Steiner, H., Willem, M., Bally-Cuif, L. & Haass, C. A γ-secretase inhibitor blocks Notch signaling in vivo and causes a severe neurogenic phenotype in zebrafish. EMBO Rep. 3, 688-694 (2002).
    • Geling, A., Steiner, H., Willem, M., Bally-Cuif, L. & Haass, C. A γ-secretase inhibitor blocks Notch signaling in vivo and causes a severe neurogenic phenotype in zebrafish. EMBO Rep. 3, 688-694 (2002).
  • 117
    • 16044373524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secreted amyloid β-protein similar to that in the senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease is increased in vivo by the presenilin 1 and 2 and APP mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease
    • Scheuner, D. et al. Secreted amyloid β-protein similar to that in the senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease is increased in vivo by the presenilin 1 and 2 and APP mutations linked to familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature Med. 2, 864-870 (1996).
    • (1996) Nature Med , vol.2 , pp. 864-870
    • Scheuner, D.1
  • 118
    • 0028322017 scopus 로고
    • An increased percentage of long amyloid β-protein secreted by familial amyloid β-protein precursor (βAPP717) mutants
    • Suzuki, N. et al. An increased percentage of long amyloid β-protein secreted by familial amyloid β-protein precursor (βAPP717) mutants. Science 264, 1336-1340 (1994).
    • (1994) Science , vol.264 , pp. 1336-1340
    • Suzuki, N.1
  • 119
    • 0026595567 scopus 로고
    • Assembly and aggregation properties of synthetic Alzheimer's A4/β amyloid peptide analogs
    • Burdick, D. et al. Assembly and aggregation properties of synthetic Alzheimer's A4/β amyloid peptide analogs. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 546-554 (1992).
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem , vol.267 , pp. 546-554
    • Burdick, D.1
  • 120
    • 0027258525 scopus 로고
    • The carboxy terminus of the β-amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: Implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
    • Jarrett, J. T., Berger, E. P. & Lansbury, P. T. Jr. The carboxy terminus of the β-amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry 32, 4693-4697 (1993).
    • (1993) Biochemistry , vol.32 , pp. 4693-4697
    • Jarrett, J.T.1    Berger, E.P.2    Lansbury Jr., P.T.3
  • 121
    • 33747652958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct early folding and aggregation properties of Alzheimer amyloid-β peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42: Stable trimer or tetramer formation by Aβ42
    • Chen, Y. R. & Glabe, C. G. Distinct early folding and aggregation properties of Alzheimer amyloid-β peptides Aβ40 and Aβ42: stable trimer or tetramer formation by Aβ42. J. Biol. Chem. 281, 24414-24422 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Biol. Chem , vol.281 , pp. 24414-24422
    • Chen, Y.R.1    Glabe, C.G.2
  • 122
    • 17944368176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nilsberth, C. et al. The 'Arctic' APP mutation (E693G) causes Alzheimer's disease by enhanced Aβ protofibril formation. Nature Neurosci. 4, 887-893 (2001). A genetic explanation for the development of rare forms of AD that is strongly supportive of the amyloid hypothesis.
    • Nilsberth, C. et al. The 'Arctic' APP mutation (E693G) causes Alzheimer's disease by enhanced Aβ protofibril formation. Nature Neurosci. 4, 887-893 (2001). A genetic explanation for the development of rare forms of AD that is strongly supportive of the amyloid hypothesis.
  • 123
    • 0028169925 scopus 로고
    • Visualization of Aβ42(43) and Aβ40 in senile plaques with end-specific A β monoclonals: Evidence that an initially deposited species is Aβ42(43)
    • Iwatsubo, T. et al. Visualization of Aβ42(43) and Aβ40 in senile plaques with end-specific A β monoclonals: evidence that an initially deposited species is Aβ42(43). Neuron 13, 45-53 (1994).
    • (1994) Neuron , vol.13 , pp. 45-53
    • Iwatsubo, T.1
  • 124
    • 0027526419 scopus 로고
    • Release of excess amyloid β protein from a mutant amyloid β protein precursor
    • Cai, X. D., Golde, T. E. & Younkin, S. G. Release of excess amyloid β protein from a mutant amyloid β protein precursor. Science 259, 514-516 (1993).
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 514-516
    • Cai, X.D.1    Golde, T.E.2    Younkin, S.G.3
  • 125
    • 0026745610 scopus 로고
    • Mutation of the β-amyloid precursor protein in familial Alzheimer's disease increases β-protein production
    • Citron, M. et al. Mutation of the β-amyloid precursor protein in familial Alzheimer's disease increases β-protein production. Nature 360, 672-674 (1992).
    • (1992) Nature , vol.360 , pp. 672-674
    • Citron, M.1
  • 126
    • 29444442794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APP locus duplication causes autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer disease with cerebral amyloid angiopathy
    • Rovelet-Lecrux, A. et al. APP locus duplication causes autosomal dominant early-onset Alzheimer disease with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Nature Genet. 38, 24-26 (2006).
    • (2006) Nature Genet , vol.38 , pp. 24-26
    • Rovelet-Lecrux, A.1
  • 127
    • 0242300619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • α-Synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson's disease
    • Singleton, A. B. et al. α-Synuclein locus triplication causes Parkinson's disease. Science 302, 841 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 841
    • Singleton, A.B.1
  • 128
    • 22544482926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aβ42 is essential for parenchymal and vascular amyloid deposition in mice
    • McGowan, E. et al. Aβ42 is essential for parenchymal and vascular amyloid deposition in mice. Neuron 47, 191-199 (2005).
    • (2005) Neuron , vol.47 , pp. 191-199
    • McGowan, E.1
  • 129
    • 33645105621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presenilin clinical mutations can affect γ-secretase activity by different mechanisms
    • Bentahir, M. et al. Presenilin clinical mutations can affect γ-secretase activity by different mechanisms. J. Neurochem. 96, 732-742 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurochem , vol.96 , pp. 732-742
    • Bentahir, M.1
  • 130
    • 33645578379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deletion of presenilin 1 hydrophilic loop sequence leads to impaired γ-secretase activity and exacerbated amyloid pathology
    • Deng, Y. et al. Deletion of presenilin 1 hydrophilic loop sequence leads to impaired γ-secretase activity and exacerbated amyloid pathology. J. Neurosci. 26, 3845-3854 (2006).
    • (2006) J. Neurosci , vol.26 , pp. 3845-3854
    • Deng, Y.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.