Salmonella control in food production: Current issues and perspectives in the United States

Food Safety: Emerging Issues, Technologies and Systems

Volumn , Issue , 2015, Pages 107-133

  Ricke, Steven C ^a   Calo, Juliany Rivera ^a   Kaldhone, Pravin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84940823369     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/3-0-12-800245-2.00007-1     Document Type: Chapter

References (265)

1. Ahmer, B.M.M., Gunn, J.S., 2011. Interaction of Salmonella spp. with the intestinal microbiota. Front. Microbiol. 2 (Article 101), 1-9.
2. Akil, L., Ahmad, H.A., Reddy, R.S., 2014. Effects of climate change on Salmonella infections. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 11, 974-980.
3. Alali, W.Q., Hofacre, C.L., Mathis, G.F., Faltys, G., Ricke, S.C., Doyle, M.P., 2013. Effect of non-pharmaceutical compounds on shedding and colonization of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg in broilers. Food Control 31, 125-128.
4. Alcaine, S.D., Warnick, L.D., Wiedmann, M., 2007. Antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella. J. Food Prot. 70, 780-790.
5. Altier, C., 2005. Genetic and environmental control of Salmonella invasion. J. Microbiol. 43, 85-92.
6. Aminov, R.I., 2010. A brief history of the antibiotic era: lessons learned and challenges for the future. Front. Microbiol. 1, 134.
7. Angulo, F.J., Johnson, K.R., Tauxe, R.V., Cohen, M.L., 2000. Origins and consequences of antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella: implications for the use of fluoroquinolones in food animals. Microb. Drug Resist. 6, 77-83.
8. Armitage, A.E., Drakesmith, H., 2014. The battle for iron-evolutionary analysis shows how a mammalian iron transport evolves to avoid capture by bacteria. Science 346, 1299-1300.
9. Bailey, J.S., 1988. Integrated colonization control of Salmonella in poultry. Poult. Sci. 67, 928-932.
10. Bajpai, V.K., Baek, K.-H., Kang, S.C., 2012. Control of Salmonella in foods by using essential oils: a review. Food Res. Int. 45, 722-734.
11. Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D., Idaomar, M., 2008. Biological effects of essential oils-a review. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46, 446-475.
12. Barber, M.F., Elde, N.C., 2014. Escape from bacterial iron piracy through rapid evolution of transferrin. Science 346, 1362-1366.
13. Barnhart, E.T., Sarlin, L.L., Caldwell, D.J., Byrd, J.A., Corrier, D.E., Hargis, B.M., 1999. Evaluation of potential disinfectants for preslaughter broiler crop decontamination. Poult. Sci. 78, 32-37.
14. Benowitz, A.B., Hoover, J.L., Payne, D.J., 2010. Antibacterial drug discovery in the age of resistance. Microbe 5, 390-396.
15. Berghman, L.R., Abi-Ghanem, D., Waghela, S.D., Ricke, S.C., 2005. Antibodies: an alternative for antibiotics? Poult. Sci. 84, 660-666.
16. Beug, H., von Kirchbach, A., Doderlein, G., Conscience, J.F., Graf, T., 1979. Chicken hematopoietic cells transformed by seven strains of defective avian leukemia viruses display three distinct phenotypes of differentiation. Cell 18, 375-390.
17. Billing, J., Sherman, P.W., 1998. Antimicrobial functions of spices: why some like it hot. Q. Rev. Biol. 73, 3-49.
18. Boyen, F., Haesebrouck, F., Maes, D., Immerseel, F., Ducatelle, R., Pasmans, F., 2008. Non-typhoidal Salmonella infections in pigs: a closer look at epidemiology, pathogenesis and control. Vet. Microbiol. 130, 1-19.
19. Braden, C.R., 2006. Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and eggs: a national epidemic in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 43, 512-517.
20. Brenes, A., Roura, E., 2010. Essential oils in poultry nutrition: main effects and modes of action. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 158, 1-14.
21. Brichta-Harhay, D.M., Arthur, T.M., Bosilevac, J.M., Kalchayanand, N., Shackelford, S.D., Wheeler, T.L., Koohmaraie, M., 2011. Diversity of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica strains associated with cattle at harvest in the United States. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 1783-1796.
22. Bueno, S.M., Riquelme, S., Riedel, C.A., Kalergis, A.M., 2012. Mechanisms used by virulent Salmonella to impair dendritic cell function and evade adaptive immunity. Immunology 137, 28-36.
23. Burley, R.W., Vadehra, D.V., 1989. The Avian Egg-Chemistry and Biology. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 472 p.
24. Burt, S., 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 94, 223-253.
25. Calenge, F., Beaumont, C., 2012. Toward integrative genomics study of genetic resistance to Salmonella and Campylobacter intestinal colonization in fowl. Front. Genet. 3, 261.
26. Callaway, T.R., Carroll, J.A., Arthington, J.D., Pratt, C., Edrington, T.S., Anderson, R.C., Galyean, M.L., Ricke, S.C., Crandall, P., Nisbet, D.J., 2008. Citrus products decrease growth of E.coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in pure culture and in fermentation with mixed ruminal microorganisms in vitro. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 5, 621-627.
27. Callaway, T.R., Carroll, J.A., Arthington, J.D., Edrington, T.S., Anderson, R.C., Ricke, S.C., Crandall, P., Collier, C., Nisbet, D.J., 2011a. Chapter 17. Citrus products and their use against bacteria: potential health and cost benefits. In: Watson, R., Gerald, J.L., Preedy, V.R. (Eds.), Nutrients, Dietary Supplements, and Nutriceuticals: Cost Analysis versus Clinical Benefits. Humana Press, New York, NY, pp. 277-286.
28. Callaway, T.R., Carroll, J.A., Arthington, J.D., Edrington, T.S., Anderson, R.C., Rossman, M.L., Carr, M.A., Genovese, K.J., Ricke, S.C., Crandall, P., Nisbet, D.J., 2011b. Orange peel products can reduce Salmonella populations in ruminants. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 8, 1071-1075.
29. Callaway, T.R., Carroll, J.A., Arthington, J.D., Edrington, T.S., Rossman, M.L., Carr, M.A., Krueger, N.A., Ricke, S.C., Crandall, P., Nisbet, D.J., 2011c. Escherichia coli O157:H7 populations in ruminants can be reduced by orange peel product feeding. J. Food Prot. 74, 1917-1921.
30. Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P.W., Castillejos, L., Ferret, A., 2007. Invited Review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J. Dairy Sci. 90, 2580-2595.
31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010a. Glossary: antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance. http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/glossary.html.
32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010b. Antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance. http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/glossary.html#antibiotic.
33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2009. Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with live poultry-United States, 2007. Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 58, pp. 25-29.
34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2011. National Salmonella surveillance annual data summary, 2009. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC.
35. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2013. National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria (NARMS): human isolates final report, 2011. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC.
36. Chalova, V.I., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., 2010. Microbial inhibitory and radical scavenging activities of cold-pressed terpeneless Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) oil in different dispersing agents. J. Sci. Food Agric. 90, 870-876.
37. Chao, S.C., Young, D.G., 2000. Screening for inhibitory activity of essential oils on selected bacteria, fungi and viruses. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12, 639-649.
38. Chart, H., Rowe, B., 1993. Iron restriction and the growth of Salmonella enteritidis. Epidemiol. Infect. 110, 41-47.
39. Chaves, A.V., He, M.L., Yang, W.Z., Hristov, A.N., McAllister, T.A., Benchaar, C., 2008. Effects of essential oils on proteolytic, deaminative and methanogenic activities of mixed ruminal bacteria. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 88, 117-122.
40. Chen, S., Zhao, S., White, D.G., Schroeder, C.M., Lu, R., Yang, H., McDermott, P.F., Ayers, S., Meng, J., 2004a. Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella serovars isolated from retail meats. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70, 1-7.
41. Chen, Y., Liming, S.H., Bhagwat, A.A., 2004b. Occurrence of inhibitory compounds in spent growth media that interfere with acid-tolerance mechanisms of enteric pathogens. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 91, 175-183.
42. Cirillo, D.M., Valdivia, R.H., Monack, D.M., Falkow, S., 1998. Macrophage-dependent induction of the Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 type III secretions system and its role in intracellular survival. Mol. Microbiol. 30, 175-188.
43. Coburn, B., Grassl, G.A., Finlay, B.B., 2007. Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review. Immunol. Cell Biol. 85, 112-118.
44. Condell, O., Sheridan, A., Power, K.A., Bonilla-Santiago, R., Sergeant, K., Renaut, J., Burgess, C., Fanning, S., Nally, J.E., 2012a. Comparative proteomic analysis of Salmonella tolerance to the biocide active agent triclosan. J. Proteomics 75, 4505-4519.
45. Condell, O., Iversen, C., Cooney, S., Power, K.A., Walsh, C., Burgess, C., Fanning, S., 2012b. Efficacy of biocides used in the modern food industry to control Salmonella enterica, and links between biocide tolerance and resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobial compounds. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 3087-3097.
46. Crandall, P.G., Friedly, E.C., Patton, M., O'Bryan, C.A., Gurubaramurugeshan, A., Seideman, S., Ricke, S.C., Rainey, R., 2010. Estimating the demand for organic foods by consumers at farmers' markets in Northwest Arkansas. J. Agr. Food Inform. 11, 185-208.
47. Crandall, P.G., Friedly, E.C., Patton, M., O'Bryan, C.A., Gurubaramurugeshan, A., Seideman, S., Ricke, S.C., Rainey, R., 2011. Consumer awareness of and concerns about food safety at three Arkansas farmers' markets. Food Protect. Trends 31, 156-165.
48. Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., O'Bryan, C.A., Parrish, N.M., 2012. In vitro effects of citrus oils against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacteria of clinical importance. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 47, 736-741.
49. Crosa, J.H., 1989. Genetics and molecular biology of siderophore-mediated iron transport in bacteria. Microbiol. Rev. 53, 517-530.
50. Cutter, C.N., 2000. Antimicrobial effect of herb extracts against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella Typhimurium associated with beef. J. Food Prot. 63, 601-607.
51. Dabbah, R., Edwards, V.M., Moats, W.A., 1970. Antimicrobial action of some citrus fruit oils on selected food-borne bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 19, 27-31.
52. De Keersmaecker, S.C.J., Marchal, K., Verhoeven, T.L.A., Engelen, K., Vanderleyden, J., Detweiler, C.S., 2005. Microarray analysis and motif detection reveal new targets of the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium HilA regulatory protein, including hilA itself. J. Bacteriol. 187, 4381-4391.
53. De Keersmaecker, S.C.J., Verhoeven, T.L.A., Desair, J., Marchal, K., Vanderleyden, J., Nagy, I., 2006. Strong antimicrobial activity of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against Salmonella typhimurium is due to accumulation of lactic acid. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 259, 89-96.
54. Deans, S.G., Ritchie, G., 1987. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 5, 165-180.
55. DeSoucey, M., 2007. Organic food. In: Allen, G.J., Albala, K. (Eds.), The Business of Food: Encyclopedia of the Food and Drink Industries. ABC-CLIO Greenwood, Santa Barbara, CA.
56. Donalson, L.M., Kim, W.K., Chalova, V.I., Herrera, P., McReynolds, J.L., Gotcheva, V.G., Vidanović, D., Woodward, C.L., Kubena, L.F., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2008a. In vitro fermentation response of laying hen cecal bacteria to combinations of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) prebiotic with alfalfa or a layer ration. Poult. Sci. 87, 1263-1275.
57. Donalson, L.M., McReynolds, J.L., Kim, W.K., Chalova, V.I., Woodward, C.L., Kubena, L.F., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2008b. The influence of a fructooligosacharide prebiotic combined with alfalfa molt diets on the gastrointestinal tract fermentation, Salmonella Enteritidis infection and intestinal shedding in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 87, 1253-1262.
58. Dorman, H.J.D., Deans, S.G., 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants, antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Appl. Microbiol. 88, 308-316.
59. Draughon, F.A., 2004. Use of botanicals as biopreservatives in foods. Food Technol. 58, 20-28.
60. Dunkley, K.D., Dunkley, C.S., Njongmeta, N.L., Callaway, T.R., Hume, M.E., Kubena, L.F., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2007a. Comparison of in vitro fermentation and molecular microbial profiles of high-fiber feed substrates (HFFS) incubated with chicken cecal inocula. Poult. Sci. 86, 801-810.
61. Dunkley, K.D., McReynolds, J.L., Hume, M.E., Dunkley, C.S., Callaway, T.R., Kubena, L.F., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2007b. Molting in Salmonella Enteritidis challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles I. Salmonella Enteritidis colonization and virulence gene hilA response. Poult. Sci. 86, 1633-1639.
62. Dunkley, K.D., McReynolds, J.L., Hume, M.E., Dunkley, C.S., Callaway, T.R., Kubena, L.F., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2007c. Molting in Salmonella Enteritidis challenged laying hens fed alfalfa crumbles II. Fermentation and microbial ecology response. Poult. Sci. 86, 2101-2109.
63. Dunkley, K.D., Callaway, T.R., Chalova, V.I., McReynolds, J.L., Hume, M.E., Dunkley, C.S., Kubena, L.F., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2009. Foodborne Salmonella ecology in the avian gastrointestinal tract. Anaerobe 15, 26-35.
64. Durant, J.A., Corrier, D.E., Byrd, J.A., Stanker, L.H., Ricke, S.C., 1999a. Feed deprivation affects crop environment and modulates Salmonella enteritidis colonization and invasion of Leghorn hens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65, 1919-1923.
65. Durant, J.A., Lowry, V.K., Nisbet, D.J., Stanker, L.H., Corrier, D.E., Ricke, S.C., 1999b. Short-chain fatty acids affect cell-association and invasion of HEp-2 cells by Salmonella typhimurium. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 34, 1083-1099.
66. Durant, J.A., Corrier, D.E., Ricke, S.C., 2000a. Short-chain volatile fatty acids modulate the expression of the hilA and invF genes of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Food Prot. 63, 573-578.
67. Durant, J.A., Corrier, D.E., Stanker, L.H., Ricke, S.C., 2000b. Salmonella enteritidis hilA gene fusion response after incubation in spent media from either S. enteritidis or a poultry Lactobacillus strain. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 35, 599-610.
68. Durant, J.A., Lowry, V.K., Nisbet, D.J., Stanker, L.H., Corrier, D.E., Ricke, S.C., 2000c. Late logarithmic Salmonella typhimurium HEp-2 cell-association and invasion response to short chain volatile fatty acid addition. J. Food Saf. 20, 1-11.
69. Durant, J.A., Lowry, V.K., Nisbet, D.J., Stanker, L.H., Corrier, D.E., Ricke, S.C., 2000d. Short-chain fatty acids alter HEp-2 cell association and invasion by stationary growth phase Salmonella typhimurium. J. Food Sci. 65, 1206-1209.
70. Edris, A.E., 2007. Pharmaceutical and therapeutic potentials of essential oils and their individual volatile constituents: a review. Phytother. Res. 4, 308-323.
71. Erasto, P., Bojase-Moleta, G., Majinda, R.R.T., 2004. Antimicrobial and antioxidant flavonoids from the root wood of Bolusanthus speciosus. Phytochemistry 65, 875-880.
72. Ernst, R.K., Dombroski, D.M., Merrick, J.M., 1990. Anaerobiosis, type 1 fimbriae, and growth phase are factors that affect invasion of HEP-2 cells by Salmonella typhimurium. Infect. Immun. 58, 2014-2016.
73. Faleiro, M.L., 2011. The mode of antibacterial action of essential oil. In: Méndez-Vilas, A. (Ed.), Science Against Microbial Pathogens-Communicating Current Research and Technological Advances. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, Spain, pp. 1143-1156.
74. FDA, 2002. The judicious use of antimicrobials for beef producers. Retrieved from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/AntimicrobialResistance/JudiciousUseofAntimicrobials/UCM095583.pdf (accessed 05.12.12).
75. Finlay, B.B., Falkow, S., 1997. Common themes in microbial pathogenicity revisited. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 61, 136-169.
76. Finstad, S., O'Bryan, C.A., Marcy, J.A., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., 2012. Salmonella and broiler processing in the United States: relationship to foodborne salmonellosis. Food Res. Int. 45, 789-794.
77. Fisher, K., Phillips, C.A., 2006. The effect of lemon, orange and bergamot essential oils and their components on the survival of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in food systems. J. Appl. Microbiol. 101, 1232-1240.
78. Fisher, K., Phillips, C.A., 2008. Potential antimicrobial uses of essential oils in food: is citrus the answer? Trends Food Sci. Technol. 19, 156-164.
79. Fisher, K., Phillips, C., 2009. The mechanism of action of a citrus oil blend against Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. J. Appl. Microbiol. 106, 1343-1349.
80. Foley, S.L., Lynne, A.M., 2008. Food animal-associated Salmonella challenges: pathogenicity and antimicrobial resistance. J. Anim. Sci. 86, E173-E187.
81. Foley, S.L., White, D.G., McDermott, P.F., Walker, R.D., Rhodes, B., Fedorka-Cray, P.J., Simjee, S., Zhao, S., 2006. Comparison of subtyping methods for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium from food animal sources. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44, 3569-3577.
82. Foley, S.L., Lynne, A.M., Nayak, R., 2008. Salmonella challenges: prevalence in swine and poultry and potential pathogenicity of such isolates. J. Anim. Sci. 86, E149-E162.
83. Foley, S., Nayak, R., Hanning, I.B., Johnson, T.L., Han, J., Ricke, S.C., 2011. Population dynamics of Salmonella enterica serotypes in commercial egg and poultry production. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 4273-4279.
84. Foley, S.L., Johnson, T.J., Ricke, S.C., Nayak, R., Danzelsen, J., 2013. Salmonella pathogenicity and host adaptation in chicken-associated serovars. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 77, 582-607.
85. Foster, J.W., Spector, M.P., 1995. How Salmonella survive against the odds. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 49, 145-174.
86. Francis, C.L., Starnbach, M.N., Falkow, S., 1992. Morphological and cytoskeletal changes in epithelial cells occur immediately upon interaction with Salmonella typhimurium grown under low-oxygen conditions. Mol. Microbiol. 6, 3077-3087.
87. Fratianni, F., De Martino, L., Melone, A., De Feo, V., Coppola, R., Nazzaro, F., 2010. Preservation of chicken breast meat treated with thyme and balm essential oils. J. Food Sci. 75, M528-M535.
88. Friedly, E.C., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., Roman, M., O'Bryan, C.O., Chalova, V.I., 2009. In vitro antilisterial effects of citrus oil fractions in combination with organic acids. J. Food Sci. 74, M67-M72.
89. Friedman, M., Henika, P.R., Mandrell, R.E., 2002. Bactericidal activities of plant essential oils and some of their isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica. J. Food Prot. 65, 1545-1560.
90. Frye, J.G., Jackson, C.R., 2013. Genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance identified in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Enteroccocus spp. isolated from U.S. food animals. Front. Microbiol. 4, 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00135.
91. Galis, A.M., Marcq, C., Marlier, D., Portetelle, D., Van, I., Beckers, Y., Théwis, A., 2013. Control of Salmonella contamination of shell eggs-preharvest and postharvest methods: a review. Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf. 12, 155-181.
92. Gantois, I., Ducatelle, R., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F., Gast, R., Humphrey, T.J., Van Immerseel, F., 2009. Mechanisms of egg contamination by Salmonella Enteritidis. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 33, 718-738.
93. Garibaldi, J.A., 1970. Role of microbial iron transport compounds in the bacterial spoilage of eggs. Appl. Microbiol. 20, 558-560.
94. Gast, R.K., 1993. Recovery of Salmonella enteritidis from inoculated pools of egg contents. J. Food Prot. 56, 21-24.
95. González-Gil, F., Le Bolloch, A., Pendleton, S., Zhang, N., Wallis, A., Hanning, I., 2012. Expression of hilA in response to mild acid stress in Salmonella enterica is serovar and strain dependent. J. Food Sci. 77, M292-M297.
96. Gordon, J.I., 2012. Honor thy gut symbionts redux. Science 336, 1251-1253.
97. Guard-Petter, J., 2001. The chicken, the egg and Salmonella enteritidis. Environ. Microbiol. 3, 421-430.
98. Guiney, D.G., 1997. Regulation of bacterial virulence gene expression by the host environment. J. Clin. Investig. 99, 565-569.
99. Haiser, H.J., Turnbaugh, P.J., 2012. Is it time for a metagenomic basis of therapeutics? Science 336, 1253-1255.
100. Hanning, I.B., Nutt, J.D., Ricke, S.C., 2009. Salmonellosis: outbreaks in the United States due to fresh produce: sources and potential intervention measures. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6, 635-648.
101. Hardin, A., Crandall, P.G., Stankus, T., 2010. Essential oils and antioxidants derived from citrus by-products in food protection and medicine: an introduction and review of recent literature. J. Agric. Food Inform. 11, 99-122.
102. He, H., Genovese, K.J., Swaggerty, C.L., Nisbet, D.J., Kogut, M.H., 2012. A comparative study on invasion, survival, modulation of oxidative burst, and nitric oxide responses of macrophages (HD11), and systemic infection in chickens by prevalent poultry Salmonella serovars. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 9, 1104-1110.
103. Heithoff, D.M., Shimp, W.R., House, J.K., Xie, Y., Weimer, B.C., Sinsheimer, R.L., Mahan, M.J., 2012. Intraspecies variation in the emergence of hyperinfectious bacterial strains in nature. PLoS Pathog. 8, 1-17.
104. Helms, M., Vastrup, P., Gerner-Smidt, P., Mølbak, K., 2002. Excess mortality associated with antimicrobial drug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 8, 490-495.
105. Hennessy, T.W., Cheng, L.H., Kassenborg, H., Ahuja, S.D., Mohle-Boetani, J., Marcus, R., Shiferaw, B., Angulo, F.J., 2004. Egg consumption is the principal risk factor for sporadic Salmonella serotype Heidelberg infections: a case-control study in FoodNet sites. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38 (Suppl. 3), S237-S243.
106. Hensel, M., 2000. Salmonella pathogenicity island 2. Mol. Microbiol. 36, 1015-1023.
107. Herrera, P., Aydin, M., Park, S.H., Khatiwara, A., Ahn, S., 2013. Utility of egg yolk antibodies for detection and control of foodborne Salmonella. Agric. Food Anal. Bacteriol. 3, 195-217.
108. Hirshfield, I.N., Terzulli, S., O'Byrne, C., 2003. Weak acids: a panoply of effects on bacteria. Sci. Prog. 86, 245-269.
109. Holmberg, S.D., Wells, J.G., Cohen, M.L., 1984. Animal-to-man transmission of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella: investigations of US outbreaks, 1971-1983. Science 225, 833-834.
110. Holmberg, S.D., Solomon, S., Blake, P., 1987. Health and economic impacts of antimicrobial resistance. Rev. Infect. Dis. 9, 1065-1078.
111. Holmes, E., Li, J.V., Athanasiou, T., Hutan Ashrafian, H., Nicholson, J.K., 2011. Understanding the role of gut microbiome-host metabolic signal disruption in health and disease. Trends Microbiol. 19, 349-359.
112. Howard, Z.R., O'Bryan, C.A., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., 2012. Salmonella Enteritidis in shell eggs: current issues and prospects for control. Food Res. Int. 45, 755-764.
113. Hueck, C.J., 1998. Type III protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 62, 379-433.
114. Hume, M.E., 2011. Historic perspective: prebiotics, probiotics, and other alternatives to antibiotics. Poult. Sci. 90, 2663-2669.
115. Humphrey, T., 2004. Salmonella, stress responses and food safety. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2, 504-509.
116. Hur, J., Jawale, C., Lee, J.H., 2012. Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from food animals: a review. Food Res. Int. 45, 819-830.
117. Ibrahim, H.R., 2000. Chapter 7. Ovotransferrin. In: Naidu, A.S. (Ed.), Natural Food Antimicrobial Systems. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 211-226.
118. Islam, M., Chen, J., Doyle, M.P., Chinnan, M., 2002. Preservative sprays on growth of Listeria monocytogenes on chicken luncheon meat. J. Food Prot. 65, 794-798.
119. Jacob, J., Pescatore, A., 2012. Chapter 21. Gut health and organic acids, antimicrobial peptides, and botanicals as natural feed additives. In: Ricke, S.C., Van Loo, E.J., Johnson, M.G., O'Bryan, C.A. (Eds.), Organic Meat Production and Processing. Wiley Scientific/IFT, New York, NY, pp. 351-378.
120. Jayasena, D.D., Jo, C., 2013. Essential oils as potential antimicrobial agents in meat and meat products: a review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 34, 96-108.
121. Jo, C., Kang, H.J., Lee, M., Lee, N.Y., Byun, M.W., 2004. The antioxidative potential of lyophilized citrus peel extract in different meat model systems during storage at 20°C. J. Muscle Foods 15, 95-107.
122. Joerger, R.D., 2003. Alternatives to antibiotics: bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides and bacteriophages. Poult. Sci. 82, 640-647.
123. Johnson, J.M., Rajic, A., McMullen, L.M., 2005. Antimicrobial resistance of selected Salmonella isolates from food animals and food in Alberta. Can. Vet. J. 46, 141-146.
124. Jones, F.T., Ricke, S.C., 2003. Observations on the history of the development of antimicrobials and their use in poultry feeds. Poult. Sci. 82, 613-617.
125. Juneja, V.K., Dwivedi, H.P., Yan, X., 2012. Novel natural food antimicrobials. J. Food Sci. Technol. 3, 381-403.
126. Kaiser, P., 2010. Advances in avian immunology-prospects for disease control: a review. Avian Pathol. 39, 309-324.
127. Kaiser, P., Rothwell, L., Galyov, E.E., Barrow, P.A., Burnside, J., Wigley, P., 2000. Differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella gallinarum. Microbiology 146, 3217-3226.
128. Kim, S.-Y., Kang, D.-H., Kim, J.K., Ha, Y.-G., Hwang, J.Y., Kim, T., Lee, S.-H., 2011. Antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes on fresh lettuce. J. Food Sci. 76, M41-M46.
129. Koo, O.K., Sirsat, S.A., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., 2012. Physical and chemical control of Salmonella in ready-to-eat products. Agric. Food Anal. Bacteriol. 2, 56-68.
130. Kuehn, B.M., 2010. Salmonella cases traced to egg producers-findings trigger recall of more than 500 million eggs. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 304, 1316.
131. Kundinger, M.M., Zabala-Diaz, I.B., Chalova, V.I., Kim, W.-K., Moore, R.W., Ricke, S.C., 2007. Characterization of rsmC as a potential reference gene for Salmonella typhimurium gene expression during growth in spent media. Sens. Instrum. Food Qual. Saf. 1, 99-103.
132. Kwon, Y.M., Ricke, S.C., 1998. Induction of acid resistance of Salmonella typhimurium by exposure to short-chain fatty acids. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 3458-3463.
133. Kwon, Y.M., Ricke, S.C. (Eds.), 2011. High-throughput next generation sequencing: methods and applications. Methods in Molecular Microbiology, vol. 733. Springer Protocols, Humana Press, New York, NY, 308 pp.
134. Laird, K., Phillips, C., 2013. Vapour phase: a potential future use for essential oils as antimicrobials? Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 54, 169-174.
135. Lawhon, S.D., Maurer, R., Suyemoto, M., Altier, C., 2002. Intestinal short-chain fatty acids alter Salmonella typhimurium invasion gene expression and virulence through BarA/SirA. Mol. Microbiol. 46, 1451-1464.
136. Lee, C.A., Jones, B.D., Falkow, S., 1990. Identification of a Salmonella typhimurium invasion locus by selection for hyperinvasive mutants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 89, 1847-1851.
137. Leistner, L., 1985. Hurdle technology applied to meat products of the shelf stable product and intermediate moisture food types. In: Simatos, D., Multon, J.L. (Eds.), Properties of Water in Foods in Relation to Quality and Stability. Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 309-329.
138. Leistner, L., 2000. Basic aspects of food preservation by hurdle technology. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 55, 181-186.
139. Leistner, L., Gorris, L.G.M., 1995. Food preservation by hurdle technology. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 6, 41-46.
140. Lewis, W.H., Elvin-Lewis, M.P., 1995. Medicinal plants as sources of new therapeutics. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 82, 16-24.
141. Li, M., Muthaiyan, A., O'Bryan, C.A., Gustafson, J.E., Li, Y., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., 2011. Use of natural antimicrobials from a food safety perspective for control of Staphylococcus aureus. Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 12, 1240-1254.
142. Li, H., Wang, H., D'Aoust, J.-Y., Maurer, J., 2013. Chapter 10-Salmonella species. In: MDoyle, M.P., Buchanan, R.L. (Eds.), Food Microbiology-Fundamentals and Frontiers, fourth ed. American Society for Microbiology Press, Washington, DC, pp. 225-261.
143. Lianou, A., Koutsoumanis, K.P., 2013. Strain variability of the behavior of foodborne bacterial pathogens: a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 167, 310-321.
144. Litwin, C.M., Calderwood, S.B., 1993. Role of iron in regulation of virulence genes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 6, 137-149.
145. López-Malo, A., Alzamora, S.M., Guerrero, S., 2000. Natural antimicrobials from plants. In: Alzamora, S.M., Tapia, M.S., López-Malo, A. (Eds.), Minimally Processed Fruits and Vegetables: Fundamental Aspects and Applications. Aspen Publication, Gaithersburg, MD, pp. 237-258.
146. Maciorowski, K.G., Jones, F.T., Pillai, S.D., Ricke, S.C., 2004. Incidence and control of food-borne Salmonella spp. in poultry feeds-a review. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 60, 446-457.
147. Magkos, F., Arvaniti, F., Zampelas, A., 2003. Putting the safety of organic food into perspective. Nutr. Res. Rev. 16, 211-222.
148. Magkos, F., Arvaniti, F., Zampelas, A., 2006. Organic food: buying more safety or just peace of mind? A critical review of the literature. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 46, 23-56.
149. Magnusson, M.K., Arvola, A., Hursti, U.K., Äberg, L., Sjödén, P., 2003. Choice of organic foods is related to perceived consequences for human health and to environmentally friendly behaviour. Appetite 40, 109-117.
150. Mann, K., 2007. The chicken egg white proteome. Proteomics 7, 3558-3568.
151. Mann, K., Olsen, J.V., Maček, B., Gnad, F., Mann, M., 2008. Identification of new chicken egg proteins by mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis. Worlds Poult. Sci. J. 64, 209-218.
152. Martelli, F., Davies, R.H., 2012. Salmonella serovars isolated from table eggs: an overview. Food Res. Int. 45, 745-754.
153. Martínez, J.L., Coque, T.M., Baquero, F., 2015. What is a resistance gene? Ranking risk in resistomes. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 13, 116-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmicro3399.
154. Mather, A.E., Reid, S.W.J., Maskell, D.J., Parkhill, J., Fookes, M.C., Harris, S.R., Brown, D.J., Coia, J.E., Mulvey, M.R., Gilmour, M.W., Petrovska, L., de Pinna, E., Kuroda, M., Akiba, M., Izumiya, H., Connor, T.R., Suchard, M.A., Lemey, P., Mellor, D.J., Haydon, D.T., Thomson, N.R., 2013. Distinguishable epidemics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium DT104 in different hosts. Science 341, 1514-1517.
155. Mayes, F.J., Takeballi, M.A., 1983. Microbial contamination of the hen's egg: a review. J. Food Prot. 46, 1092-1098.
156. McCarthy, T.L., Kerry, J.P., Kerry, J.F., Lynch, P.B., Buckley, D.J., 2001. Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of natural food/plant extracts as compared with synthetic antioxidants and vitamin E in raw and cooked pork patties. Meat Sci. 58, 45-52.
157. McChesney, J.D., Venkataraman, S.K., Henri, J.T., 2007. Plant natural products: back to the future or into extinction? Phytochemistry 68, 2015-2022.
158. McLinden, T., Sargeant, J.M., Thomas, M.K., Papadopolo, A., Fazil, A., 2014. Association between component costs, study methodologies, and foodborne illness-related factors with the cost of nontyphoidal Salmonella illness. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 11, 718-726.
159. McMahon, M.A.S., Xu, J., Moore, J.E., Blair, I.S., McDowell, D.A., 2007. Environmental stress and antibiotic resistance in food-related pathogens. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 211-217.
160. Mead, P.S., Slutsker, L., Dietz, V., McCaig, L.F., Bresee, J.S., Shapiro, C., Griffin, P.M., Tauxe, R.V., 1999. Food-related illness and death in the United States. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 5, 607-625.
161. Mekalanos, J.J., 1992. Environmental signals controlling expression of virulence determinants in bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 174, 1-7.
162. Messens, W., Gittins, J., Leleu, S., Sparks, N., 2011. Chapter 9. Egg decontamination by washing. In: Van Immerseel, F., Nys, Y., Bain, M. (Eds.), Improving the Safety and Quality of Eggs and Egg Products. In: Egg Safety and Nutritional Quality, vol. 2. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Oxford, UK, pp. 163-180.
163. Milillo, S.R., Ricke, S.C., 2010. Synergistic reduction of Salmonella in a model raw chicken media using a combined thermal and organic acid salt intervention treatment. J. Food Sci. 75, M121-M125.
164. Milillo, S.R., Martin, E., Muthaiyan, A., Ricke, S.C., 2011. Immediate reduction of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium viability via membrane destabilization following exposure to multiple-hurdle treatments with heated, acidified organic acid salt solutions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 77, 3765-3772.
165. Mølbak, H., 2005. Human health consequences of antimicrobial drug-resistant Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens. Clin. Infect. Dis. 41, 1613-1620.
166. Mollenkopf, D.F., Cenera, J.K., Bryant, E.M., King, C.A., Kashoma, I., Kumar, A., Funk, J.A., Rajashekara, G., Wittum, T.E., 2014. Organic or antibiotic-free labeling does not impact the recovery of enteric pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from fresh retail chicken. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 11, 920-929.
167. Muthaiyan, A., Limayem, A., Ricke, S.C., 2011. Antimicrobial strategies for limiting bacterial contaminants in fuel bioethanol fermentations. Prog. Energ. Combust. 37, 351-370.
168. Muthaiyan, A., Muthaiyan, E.M., Natesan, S., Crandall, P.G., Wilkinson, B.J., Ricke, S.C., 2012. Antimicrobial effect and mode of action of terpeneless cold pressed Valencia orange essential oil on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus cell lysis. J. Appl. Microbiol. 112, 1020-1033.
169. Nannapaneni, R., Muthaiyan, A., Crandall, P.G., Johnson, M.G., O'Bryan, C.A., Chalova, V.I., Callaway, T.R., Carroll, J.A., Arthington, J.D., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2008. Antimicrobial activity of commercial citrus-based natural extracts against Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates and mutant strains. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 5, 695-699.
170. Nannapaneni, R., Chalova, V.I., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., Johnson, M.G., O'Bryan, C.A., 2009a. Campylobacter and Arcobacter species sensitivity to commercial orange oil fractions. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 129, 43-49.
171. Nannapaneni, R., Chalova, V.I., Story, R., Wiggins, K.C., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., Johnson, M.G., 2009b. Ciprofloxacin-sensitive and ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter jejuni are equally susceptible to natural orange oil-based antimicrobials. J. Environ. Sci. Health B 44, 571-577.
172. Nayak, R., Kenney, P.B., Keswani, J., Ritz, C., 2003. Isolation and characterisation of Salmonella in a turkey production facility. Br. Poultry Sci. 44, 192-202.
173. Neilands, J.B., 1981. Microbial iron compounds. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 50, 715-731.
174. Neilands, J.B., 1982. Microbial envelope proteins related to iron. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 36, 285-309.
175. Nostro, A., Blanco, A.R., Cannatelli, M.A., Enea, V., Flamini, G., Morelli, I., Sudano Roccaro, A., Alonzo, V., 2004. Susceptibility of methicillin-resistant staphylococci to oregano essential oil, carvacrol and thymol. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 230, 191-195.
176. Nutt, J., Kubena, L., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2002. Virulence response of a Salmonella typhimurium hilA:lacZY fusion strain to spent media from pure cultures of selected bacteria and poultry cecal mixed culture. J. Food Saf. 22, 169-181.
177. O'Bryan, C.A., Crandall, P.G., Chalova, V.I., Ricke, S.C., 2008a. Orange essential oils antimicrobial activities against Salmonella spp. J. Food Sci. 73, M264-M267.
178. O'Bryan, C.A., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., 2008b. Organic poultry pathogen control from farm to fork. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 5, 709-720.
179. Olsen, S.J., Bishop, R., Brenner, F.W., Roels, T.H., Bean, N., Tauxe, R.V., Slutsker, L., 2001. The changing epidemiology of Salmonella: trends in serotypes isolated from humans in the United States, 1987-1997. J. Infect. Dis. 183, 753-761.
180. Overybye, K.M., Barrett, J., 2005. Antibiotics: where did we go wrong? Drug Discov. Today 10, 45-52.
181. Painter, J.A., Hoekstra, R.M., Ayers, T., Tauxe, R.V., Braden, C.R., Angulo, F.J., Griffin, P.M., 2013. Attribution of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths to food commodities by using outbreak data, United States, 1998-2008. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 19, 407-415.
182. Park, S.Y., Woodward, C.L., Kubena, L.F., Nisbet, D.J., Birkhold, S.G., Ricke, S.C., 2008. Environmental dissemination of foodborne Salmonella in preharvest poultry production: reservoirs, critical factors and research strategies. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38, 73-111.
183. Patrick, M.E., Adcock, P.M., Gomez, T.M., Altekruse, S.F., Holland, B.H., Tauxe, R.V., Swerdlow, D.L., 2004. Salmonella Enteritidis infections, United States, 1985-1999. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 10, 1-7.
184. Pillai, S.D., Ricke, S.C., 2002. Aerosols from municipal and animal wastes: background and contemporary issues. Can. J. Microbiol. 48, 681-696.
185. Pires, S.M., Vieira, A.R., Hald, T., Cole, D., 2014. Source attribution of human salmonellosis: an overview of methods and estimates. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 11, 667-676.
186. Pittman, H.M., Boling, K.C., Mirus, S.J., 2012. Chapter 3. Regulatory issues in domestically raised and imported organic meats in the United States. In: Ricke, S.C., Van Loo, E.J., Johnson, M.G., O'Bryan, C.A. (Eds.), Organic Meat Production and Processing. Wiley Scientific/IFT, New York, NY, pp. 23-51.
187. Poppe, C., Demczuk, W., McFadden, K., Johnson, R.P., 1993. Virulence of Salmonella enteritidis Phagetypes 4, 8 and 13 and other Salmonella spp. for day-old chicks, hens and mice. Can. J. Vet. Res. 57, 281-287.
188. Poppe, C., McFadden, K.A., Demczuk, W.H., 1996. Drug resistance, plasmids, biotypes and susceptibility to bacteriophages of Salmonella isolated from poultry in Canada. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 30, 325-344.
189. Pui, C.F., Wong, W.C., Chai, L.C., Tunung, R., Jeyaletchumi, P., Noor Hidayah, M.S., Ubong, A., Farinazleen, M.G., Cheah, M.G., Cheah, Y.K., Son, R., 2011. Review article. Salmonella: a foodborne pathogen. Int. Food Res. J. 18, 465-473.
190. Rahman, M.M., Gray, A.I., 2002. Antimicrobial constituents from the stem bark of Feronia limonia. Phytochemistry 59, 73-77.
191. Revolledo, L., Ferreira, A.J.P., 2012. Current perspectives in avian salmonellosis: vaccines and immune mechanisms of protection. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 21, 418-431.
192. Ricke, S.C., 2003a. Perspectives on the use of organic acids and short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials. Poult. Sci. 82, 632-639.
193. Ricke, S.C., 2003b. The gastrointestinal tract ecology of Salmonella enteritidis colonization in molting hens. Poult. Sci. 82, 1003-1007.
194. Ricke, S.C., 2010. Chapter 24. Future prospects for advancing food safety research in food animals. In: Ricke, S.C., Jones, F.T. (Eds.), Perspectives on Food Safety Issues of Food Animal Derived Foods. University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, AR, pp. 335-350.
195. Ricke, S.C., 2014. Application of molecular approaches for understanding foodborne Salmonella establishment in poultry production. Advances in Biology 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/813275, Article ID 813275, 25 pp.
196. Ricke, S.C., Rivera Calo, C., 2015. Chapter 3. Antibiotic resistance in pathogenic Salmonella. In: Chen, C.-Y., Yan, X., Jackson, C. (Eds.), Antimicrobial Resistance and Food Safety: Methods and Techniques. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 37-53.
197. Ricke, S.C., Kundinger, M.M., Miller, D.R., Keeton, J.T., 2005. Alternatives to antibiotics: chemical and physical antimicrobial interventions and foodborne pathogen response. Poult. Sci. 84, 667-675.
198. Ricke, S.C., Van Loo, E.J., Johnson, M.G., O'Bryan, C.A. (Eds.), 2012. Organic Meat Production and Processing. Wiley Scientific/IFT, New York, NY, 444 pp.
199. Ricke, S.C., Dunkley, C.S., Durant, J.A., 2013a. A review on development of novel strategies for controlling Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in laying hens: fiber-based molt diets. Poult. Sci. 92, 502-525.
200. Ricke, S.C., Khatiwara, A., Kwon, Y.M., 2013b. Application of microarray analysis of foodborne Salmonella in poultry production: a review. Poult. Sci. 92, 2243-2250.
201. Ricke, S.C., Koo, O.-K., Foley, S., Nayak, R., 2013c. Chapter 7. Salmonella. In: Labbé, R., García, S. (Eds.), Guide to Foodborne Pathogens, second ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp. 112-137.
202. Rivera Calo, J., Crandall, P.G., O'Bryan, C.A., Ricke, S.C., 2015. Essential oils as antimicrobials in food systems-a review. Food Control 54, 111-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.040.
203. Robinson, R.K., 1999. Handbook of citrus by-products and processing technology. Food Chem. 71, 155-187.
204. Rohmer, L., Hocquet, D., Miller, S.I., 2011. Are pathogenic bacteria just looking for food? Metabolism and microbial pathogenesis. Trends Microbiol. 19, 341-348.
205. Saeed, A.M., Walk, S.T., Arshad, M., Whittam, T.S., 2006. Clonal structure and variation in virulence of Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from mice, chickens, and humans. J. Assn. Analyt. Chem. Intl. 89, 504-511.
206. Saengkerdsub, S., Kim, W.-K., Anderson, R.C., Woodward, C.L., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2006. Effects of nitrocompounds and feedstuffs on in vitro methane production in chicken cecal contents and rumen fluid. Anaerobe 12, 85-92.
207. Sakamoto, K., Konings, W.N., 2003. Beer spoilage and hop resistance. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 89, 105-124.
208. Santos, R.I., Raffatellu, M., Bevins, C.L., Adams, L.G., Tükel, C., Tsolis, R.M., Bäumler, A.J., 2009. Life in the inflamed intestine, Salmonella style. Trends Microbiol. 17, 498-506.
209. Scallan, E., Hoekstra, R.M., Angulo, F.J., Tauxe, R.V., Widdowson, M.-A., Roy, S.L., Jones, J.L., Griffin, P.M., 2011. Foodborne illness acquired in the United States-major pathogens. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17, 7-15.
210. Scharff, R.L., 2012. Economic burden from health losses due to foodborne illness in the United States. J. Food Prot. 75, 123-131.
211. Schiemann, D.A., 1995. Association with MDCK epithelial cells by Salmonella typhimurium is reduced during utilization of carbohydrates. Infect. Immun. 63, 1462-1467.
212. Schmidt, H., Hensel, M., 2004. Pathogenicity islands in bacterial pathogenesis. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17, 14-56.
213. Schmidt, J.W., Brichta-Harhay, D.M., Kalchayanand, N., Bosilevac, J.M., Shackelford, S.D., Wheeler, T.L., Koohmaraie, M., 2012. Prevalence, enumeration, serotypes, and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of Salmonella enterica on carcasses at two large United States pork processing plants. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 78, 2716-2726.
214. Shah, D.H., Zhou, X., Addwebi, T., Davis, M.A., Orfe, L., Call, D.R., Guard, J., Besser, T.E., 2011. Cell invasion of poultry-associated Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolates is associated with pathogenicity, motility and proteins secreted by the type III secretion system. Microbiology 157, 1428-1445.
215. Shannon, E.M., Milillo, S.R., Johnson, M.G., Ricke, S.C., 2011a. Efficacy of cold-pressed terpeneless valencia oil and its primary components on inhibition of Listeria species by direct contact and exposure to vapors. J. Food Sci. 76, M500-M503.
216. Shannon, E.M., Milillo, S.R., Johnson, M.G., Ricke, S.C., 2011b. Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by exposure to a combination of nisin and cold-pressed terpeneless Valencia oil. J. Food Sci. 76, M600-M604.
217. Shelef, L.A., 1983. Antimicrobial effects of spices. J. Food Saf. 6, 24-29.
218. Sirsat, S.A., Muthaiyan, A., Ricke, S.C., 2009. Antimicrobials for foodborne pathogen reduction in organic and natural poultry production. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 18, 379-388.
219. Sirsat, S.A., Muthaiyan, A., Dowd, S.E., Kwon, Y.M., Ricke, S.C., 2010. Chapter 15. The potential for application of foodborne Salmonella gene expression profiling assays in postharvest poultry processing. In: Ricke, S.C., Jones, F.T. (Eds.), Perspectives on Food Safety Issues of Food Animal Derived Foods. University of Arkansas Press, Fayetteville, AR, pp. 195-222.
220. Smith-Palmer, A., Stewart, J., Fyfe, L., 1998. Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 26, 118-122.
221. Smith-Palmer, A., Stewart, J., Fyfe, L., 2001. The potential application of plant essential oils as natural food preservatives in soft cheese. Food Microbiol. 18, 463-470.
222. Sofos, J.N., Beuchat, L.R., Davidson, P.M., Johnson, E.A., 1998. Naturally occurring antimicrobials in food. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 28, 71-72.
223. Solórzano-Santos, F., Miranda-Novales, M.G., 2012. Essential oils from aromatic herbs as antimicrobial agents. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 23, 136-141.
224. Sørum, H., L'Abée-Lund, T.M., 2002. Antibiotic resistance in food-related bacteria-a result of interfering with the global web of bacterial genetics. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 78, 43-56.
225. Spector, M.P., Kenyon, W.J., 2012. Resistance and survival strategies of Salmonella enterica to environmental stresses. Food Res. Int. 45, 455-481.
226. Stavric, S., 1987. Microbial colonization control of chicken intestine using defined cultures. Food Technol. 41, 93-98.
227. Su, L.H., Chiu, C.H., Chu, C., Ou, J.T., 2004. Antimicrobial resistance in nontyphoid Salmonella serotypes: a global challenge. Clin. Infect. Dis. 39, 546-551.
228. Subba, M.S., Soumithri, T.C., Rao, R.S., 1967. Antimicrobial action of citrus oils. J. Food Sci. 32, 225-227.
229. Suzuki, K., Iijima, K., Sakamoto, K., Sami, M., Yamashita, H., 2006. A review of hop resistance in beer spoilage bacteria. J. Inst. Brew. 112, 173-191.
230. Tartera, C., Metcalf, E.S., 1993. Osmolarity and growth phase overlap in regulation of Salmonella typhi adherence to and invasion of human intestinal cells. Infect. Immun. 61, 3084-3089.
231. Tauxe, R.V., 1991. Salmonella: a postmodern pathogen. J. Food Prot. 54, 563-568.
232. Tiwari, B.K., Valdramidis, V.P., O'Donnell, C.P., Muthukumarappan, K., Bourke, P., Cullen, P.J., 2009. Application of natural antimicrobials for food preservation. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57, 5987-6000.
233. Tranter, H.S., Board, R.G., 1982. The antimicrobial defense of eggs: biological perspective and chemical basis. J. Appl. Biochem. 4, 295-338.
234. Van Asten, F.J., Hendriks, H.G., Koninkx, J.F., Van der Zeijst, B.A., Gaastra, W., 2000. Inactivation of the flagellin gene of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis strongly reduces invasion into differentiated Caco-2 cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 185, 175-179.
235. Van Asten, F.J., Hendriks, H.G., Koninkx, J.F., van Dijk, J.E., 2004. Flagella-mediated bacterial motility accelerates but is not required for Salmonella serotype Enteritidis invasion of differentiated Caco-2 cells. Int. J. Med. Microbiol. 294, 395-399.
236. Van Cleemput, M., Cattoor, K., De Bosscher, K., Haegeman, G., De Keukeleire, D., Heyerick, A., 2009. Hop (Humulus lupulus)-derived bitter acids as multipotent bioactive compounds. J. Nat. Prod. 72, 1220-1230.
237. Van Immerseel, F., De Buck, J., De Smet, I., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F., Ducatelle, R., 2004. Interactions of butyric acid and acetic acid-treated Salmonella with chicken primary cecal epithelial cells in vitro. Avian Dis. 48, 384-391.
238. Van Immerseel, F., Russell, J.B., Flythe, M.D., Gantois, I., Timbermont, L., Pasmans, F., Haesebrouck, F., Ducatelle, R., 2006. The use of organic acids to combat Salmonella in poultry: a mechanistic explanation of the efficacy. Avian Pathol. 35, 182-188.
239. Van Loo, E., Caputo, V., Nayga Jr., R.M., Meullenet, J.-F., Crandall, P.G., Ricke, S.C., 2010. Effect of organic poultry purchase frequency on consumer attitudes toward organic poultry meat. J. Food Sci. 75, S384-S397.
240. Van Loo, E.J., Caputo, V., Nayga Jr., R.M., Meullenet, J.-F., Ricke, S.C., 2011. Consumers' willingness to pay for organic chicken breast: evidence from choice experiment. Food Qual. Prefer. 22, 603-613.
241. Van Loo, E.J., Alali, W., Ricke, S.C., 2012a. Food safety and organic meats. Annu. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. 3, 203-225.
242. Van Loo, E.J., Ricke, S.C., O'Bryan, C.A., Johnson, M.G., 2012b. Chapter 1. Historical and current perspectives on organic meat production. In: Ricke, S.C., Van Loo, E.J., Johnson, M.G., O'Bryan, C.A. (Eds.), Organic Meat Production and Processing. Wiley Scientific/IFT, New York, NY, pp. 1-9.
243. Varel, V.H., 2002a. Livestock manure odor abatement with plant-derived oils and nitrogen conservation with urease inhibitors: a review. J. Anim. Sci. 80 (E. Suppl.), E1-E7.
244. Varel, V.H., 2002b. Carvacrol and thymol reduce swine waste odor and pathogens: stability of oils. Curr. Microbiol. 44, 38-43.
245. Varel, V.H., Miller, D.N., 2001. Plant-derived oils reduce pathogens and gaseous emissions from stored cattle waste. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67, 1366-1370.
246. Velge, P., Cloeckaert, A., Barrow, P., 2005. Emergence of Salmonella epidemics: the problems related to Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis and multiple antibiotic resistance in other major serotypes. Vet. Res. 36, 267-288.
247. Vugia, D.J., Samuel, M., Farley, M.M., Marcus, R., Shiferaw, B., Shallow, S., Smith, K., Angulo, F.J., 2004. Invasive Salmonella infections in the United States, FoodNet, 1996-1999: incidence, serotype distribution, and outcome. Clin. Infect. Dis. 38 (Suppl. 3), S149-S156.
248. Walsh, K.A., Bennett, S.D., Mahovic, M., Gould, L.H., 2014. Outbreaks associated with cantaloupe, watermelon, and honeydew in the United States, 1973-2011. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 11, 945-952.
249. Wang, S., Kong, Q., Curtiss III, R., 2013. New technologies in developing recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine vectors. Microb. Pathog. 58, 17-28.
250. White, D.G., Zhao, S., Sudler, R., Ayers, S., Friedman, S., Chen, S., McDermott, S., Wagner, D.D., Meng, J., 2001. The isolation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella from retail ground meats. N. Engl. J. Med. 345, 1147-1154.
251. Winnen, B., Schlumberger, M.C., Sturm, A., Schupbach, K., Siebenmann, S., Jenny, P., Hardt, W.D., 2008. Hierarchical effector protein transport by the Salmonella Typhimurium SPI-1 type III secretion system. PLoS One 3, http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0002178, e2178.
252. Winokur, P.L., Brueggemann, A., DeSalvo, D.L., Hoffmann, L., Apley, M.D., Uhlenhopp, E.K., Pfaller, M.A., Doern, G.V., 2000. Animal and human multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella isolates expressing a plasmid-mediated CMY-2 AmpC beta-lactamase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44, 2777-2783.
253. Winter, S.E., Thiennimitr, P., Winter, M.G., Butler, B.P., Huseby, D.L., Crawford, R.W., Russell, J.M., Bevins, C.L., Adams, L.G., Tsolis, R.M., Roth, J.R., Bäumler, A.J., 2010. Gut inflammation provides a respiratory electron acceptor for Salmonella. Nature 467, 423-429.
254. Woodward, C.L., Kwon, Y.M., Kubena, L.F., Byrd, J.A., Moore, R.W., Nisbet, D.J., Ricke, S.C., 2005. Reduction of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis colonization and invasion by an alfalfa diet during molt in Leghorn hens. Poult. Sci. 84, 185-193.
255. Wooldridge, K.G., Williams, P.H., 1993. Iron uptake mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 12, 325-348.
256. Woolhouse, M.E.J., Ward, M.J., 2013. Sources of antimicrobial resistance. Science 341, 1460-1461.
257. Xu, X., He, S., Zhang, X., 2013. New food safety concerns associated with gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 34, 62-66.
258. Yan, S.S., Pendrak, M.L., Abela-Ridder, B., Puderson, J.W., Fedorko, D.P., Foley, S.L., 2003. An overview of Salmonella typing public health perspectives. Clin. Appl. Immunol. Rev. 4, 189-204.
259. Zhao, S., Qaiyumi, S., Friedman, S., Singh, R., Foley, S.L., White, D.G., McDermott, P.F., Donkar, T., Bolin, C., Munro, S., Baron, E.J., Walker, R.D., 2003. Characterization of Salmonella enterica serotype Newport isolated from humans and food animals. J. Clin. Microbiol. 41, 5366-5371.
260. Zhao, S., McDermott, P.F., Friedman, S., Abbott, J., Ayers, S., Glenn, A., Hall-Robinson, E., Hubert, S.K., Harbottle, H., Walker, R.D., Chiller, T.M., White, D.G., 2006. Antimicrobial resistance and genetic relatedness among Salmonella from retail foods of animal origin: NARMS retail meat surveillance. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 3, 106-117.
261. Zhao, S., McDermott, P.F., White, D.G., Qaiyumi, S., Friedman, S.L., Abbott, J.W., Glenn, A., Ayers, S.L., Post, K.W., Fales, W.H., Wilson, R.B., Reggiardo, C., Walker, R.D., 2007. Characterization of multidrug resistant Salmonella recovered from diseased animals. Vet. Microbiol. 123, 122-132.
262. Zhao, S., White, D.G., Friedman, S.L., Glenn, A., Blickenstaff, K., Ayers, S.L., Abbott, J.W., Hall-Robinson, E., McDermott, P.F., 2008. Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates from retail meats, including poultry, from 2002 to 2006. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74, 6656-6662.
263. Zhou, F., Ji, B., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., Yang, Z., Li, J., Li, J., Yan, W., 2007a. The antibacterial effect of cinnamaldehyde, thymol, carvacrol and their combinations against the foodborne pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. J. Food Saf. 27, 124-133.
264. Zhou, F., Ji, B., Zhang, H., Jiang, H., Yang, Z., Li, J., Ren, Y., Yan, W., 2007b. Synergistic effect of thymol and carvacrol combined with chelators and organic acids against Salmonella typhimurium. J. Food Prot. 70, 1704-1709.
265. Zhu, X., Zhang, H., Lo, R., 2004. Phenolic compounds from the leaf extract of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and their antimicrobial activities. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52, 7272-7278.