메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 56, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 17-39

Clocking analysis, implementation and measurement techniques for high-speed data links - A tutorial

Author keywords

Bandwidth; Clock distribution; Clock recovery; Clocks; High speed I O; Jitter; Microprocessors; Noise; Phase locked loops; Phase locked loops; Synchronization

Indexed keywords

BANDWIDTH; COMMERCE; JITTER; MICROPROCESSOR CHIPS; PHASE LOCKED LOOPS; SYNCHRONIZATION; SYSTEMS ANALYSIS;

EID: 60649103812     PISSN: 10577122     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TCSI.2008.931647     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (98)

References (72)
  • 1
    • 60649086379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IEEE Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI), IEEE, New York, 1956.
    • IEEE Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI), IEEE, New York, 1956.
  • 2
    • 0016565959 scopus 로고
    • Clock recovery from random binary signals
    • J. Alexander, "Clock recovery from random binary signals," Electron. Lett., vol. 11, no. 22, pp. 541-542, 1975.
    • (1975) Electron. Lett , vol.11 , Issue.22 , pp. 541-542
    • Alexander, J.1
  • 3
    • 0034318536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 2.4 Gb/s/pin simultaneous bidirectional parallel link with per-pin skew compensation
    • Nov
    • E. Yeung and M. A. Horowitz, "A 2.4 Gb/s/pin simultaneous bidirectional parallel link with per-pin skew compensation," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1619-1628, Nov. 2000.
    • (2000) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 1619-1628
    • Yeung, E.1    Horowitz, M.A.2
  • 4
    • 0344119455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and mitigation of jitter in multi-Gbps source-synchronous I/O links
    • G. Balamurugan and N. Shanbag, "Modeling and mitigation of jitter in multi-Gbps source-synchronous I/O links," in Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Computer Design, 2003, pp. 254-260.
    • (2003) Proc. 21st Int. Conf. Computer Design , pp. 254-260
    • Balamurugan, G.1    Shanbag, N.2
  • 7
    • 0031276490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A semidigital dual delay-locked loop
    • Nov
    • S. Sidiropoulos and M. A. Horowitz, "A semidigital dual delay-locked loop," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1683-1692, Nov. 1997.
    • (1997) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.32 , Issue.11 , pp. 1683-1692
    • Sidiropoulos, S.1    Horowitz, M.A.2
  • 8
    • 0242695808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An accurate and efficient analysis method for multi-Gb/s chip-to-chip signaling schemes
    • B. Casper, M. Haycock, and R. Mooney, "An accurate and efficient analysis method for multi-Gb/s chip-to-chip signaling schemes," in IEEE Symp. VLSI Circuits Dig. Tech. Papers, 2002, pp. 54-57.
    • (2002) IEEE Symp. VLSI Circuits Dig. Tech. Papers , pp. 54-57
    • Casper, B.1    Haycock, M.2    Mooney, R.3
  • 11
    • 0031165398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jitter in ring oscillators
    • Jun
    • J. A. McNeill, "Jitter in ring oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 870-879, Jun. 1997.
    • (1997) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 870-879
    • McNeill, J.A.1
  • 14
    • 60649094103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Transport Systems: Common Generic Criteria (A Module of TSGR, FR-440) GR-253-CORE, no. 3
    • Telcordia Technologies, Sep
    • Telcordia Technologies, Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) Transport Systems: Common Generic Criteria (A Module of TSGR, FR-440) GR-253-CORE, no. 3, Sep. 2000.
    • (2000)
  • 15
    • 60649118941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agilent Infiniium DSA/DSO90000A Series Data Sheet [Online]. Available: http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-7819EN.pdf
    • Agilent Infiniium DSA/DSO90000A Series Data Sheet [Online]. Available: http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-7819EN.pdf
  • 19
    • 20844446628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomous dual-mode (PAM2/4) serial link transceiver with adaptive equalization and data recovery
    • Apr
    • V. Stojanovic et al., "Autonomous dual-mode (PAM2/4) serial link transceiver with adaptive equalization and data recovery," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1012-1026, Apr. 2005.
    • (2005) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 1012-1026
    • Stojanovic, V.1
  • 20
    • 0028757753 scopus 로고
    • A 2.5 V CMOS delay-locked loop for an 18 Mbit, 500 MB/s DRAM
    • Dec
    • T. Lee et al., "A 2.5 V CMOS delay-locked loop for an 18 Mbit, 500 MB/s DRAM," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 1491-1496, Dec. 1994.
    • (1994) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.29 , Issue.12 , pp. 1491-1496
    • Lee, T.1
  • 23
    • 0036858189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jitter optimization based on phase-locked loop design parameters
    • Nov
    • M. Mansuri and C.-K. K. Yang, "Jitter optimization based on phase-locked loop design parameters," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1375-1382, Nov. 2002.
    • (2002) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.37 , Issue.11 , pp. 1375-1382
    • Mansuri, M.1    Yang, C.-K.K.2
  • 24
    • 0030290680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-jitter process-independent DLL and PLL based self-biased techniques
    • Nov
    • J. Maneatis, "Low-jitter process-independent DLL and PLL based self-biased techniques," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1723-1732, Nov. 1996.
    • (1996) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 1723-1732
    • Maneatis, J.1
  • 26
    • 0030291248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 320 MHz, 1.5 mW 1.35 V CMOS PLL for microprocessor clock generation
    • Nov
    • V. von Kaenel, D. Aebischer, C. Piguet, and E. Dijkstra, "A 320 MHz, 1.5 mW 1.35 V CMOS PLL for microprocessor clock generation," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31, no. 11, pp. 1715-1722, Nov. 1996.
    • (1996) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 1715-1722
    • von Kaenel, V.1    Aebischer, D.2    Piguet, C.3    Dijkstra, E.4
  • 27
    • 0030105412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of phase noise in CMOS oscillators
    • Mar
    • B. Razavi, "A study of phase noise in CMOS oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 331-343, Mar. 1996.
    • (1996) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 331-343
    • Razavi, B.1
  • 29
    • 31644441207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replica compensated linear regulators for supply-regulated phase-locked loops
    • Feb
    • E. Alon, J. Kim, S. Pamarti, K. Chang, and M. Horowitz, "Replica compensated linear regulators for supply-regulated phase-locked loops," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 413-424, Feb. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 413-424
    • Alon, E.1    Kim, J.2    Pamarti, S.3    Chang, K.4    Horowitz, M.5
  • 30
    • 0032651134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jitter and phase noise in ring oscillators
    • Jun
    • A. Hajimiri, S. Limotyrakis, and T. Lee, "Jitter and phase noise in ring oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 790-804, Jun. 1999.
    • (1999) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 790-804
    • Hajimiri, A.1    Limotyrakis, S.2    Lee, T.3
  • 31
  • 32
    • 33845604406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 2.5-Gb/s multi-rate 0.25-μm CMOS clock and data recovery circuit utilizing a hybrid analog/digital loop filter and all-digital referenceless frequency acquisition
    • Dec
    • M. Perrott, "A 2.5-Gb/s multi-rate 0.25-μm CMOS clock and data recovery circuit utilizing a hybrid analog/digital loop filter and all-digital referenceless frequency acquisition," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2930-2944, Dec. 2006.
    • (2006) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.41 , Issue.12 , pp. 2930-2944
    • Perrott, M.1
  • 35
    • 34548858160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A wide power supply range (0.5 V-to-1.3 V) wide tuning range (500 MHz-to-8 GHz) all-static CMOS AD PLL in 65 nm SOI
    • A. Rylyakov, J. Tierno, G. English, D. Friedman, and M. Meghelli, "A wide power supply range (0.5 V-to-1.3 V) wide tuning range (500 MHz-to-8 GHz) all-static CMOS AD PLL in 65 nm SOI," in ISSCC 2007 Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 172-173.
    • ISSCC 2007 Dig. Tech. Papers , pp. 172-173
    • Rylyakov, A.1    Tierno, J.2    English, G.3    Friedman, D.4    Meghelli, M.5
  • 36
    • 49549111168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low-noise, wide-BW 3.66 Hz digital fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a noise-shaping time-to-digital converter and quantization noise cancellation
    • C.-M. Hsu, M. Straayer, and M. Perrott, "A low-noise, wide-BW 3.66 Hz digital fractional-N frequency synthesizer with a noise-shaping time-to-digital converter and quantization noise cancellation," in ISSCC 2008 Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 340-341.
    • ISSCC 2008 Dig. Tech. Papers , pp. 340-341
    • Hsu, C.-M.1    Straayer, M.2    Perrott, M.3
  • 37
    • 41549133070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 9 b, 1.25 ps resolution coarse-fine time-to-digital converter in 90 nm CMOS that amplifies a time residue
    • Apr
    • M. Lee and A. Abidi, "A 9 b, 1.25 ps resolution coarse-fine time-to-digital converter in 90 nm CMOS that amplifies a time residue," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 769-777, Apr. 2008.
    • (2008) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 769-777
    • Lee, M.1    Abidi, A.2
  • 38
    • 0035054908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 2.75 Gb/s CMOS clock recovery circuit with broad capture range
    • S. Anand and B. Razavi, "A 2.75 Gb/s CMOS clock recovery circuit with broad capture range," in ISSCC 2001 Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 214-215.
    • ISSCC 2001 Dig. Tech. Papers , pp. 214-215
    • Anand, S.1    Razavi, B.2
  • 40
    • 38849113216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A wide-tracking range clock and data recovery circuit
    • Feb
    • P. Hanumolu, G.-Y. Wei, and U.-K. Moon, "A wide-tracking range clock and data recovery circuit," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 425-439, Feb. 2008.
    • (2008) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 425-439
    • Hanumolu, P.1    Wei, G.-Y.2    Moon, U.-K.3
  • 41
    • 33646922057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The future of wires
    • Apr
    • R. Ho, K. Mai, and M. Horowitz, "The future of wires," Proc. IEEE no. 4, pp. 490-504, Apr. 2001.
    • (2001) Proc. IEEE , Issue.4 , pp. 490-504
    • Ho, R.1    Mai, K.2    Horowitz, M.3
  • 44
    • 0035507075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rotary traveling-wave oscillator arrays: A new clock technology
    • Nov
    • J. Wood, T. C. Edwards, and S. Lipa, "Rotary traveling-wave oscillator arrays: A new clock technology," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1654-1665, Nov. 2001.
    • (2001) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.36 , Issue.11 , pp. 1654-1665
    • Wood, J.1    Edwards, T.C.2    Lipa, S.3
  • 45
    • 0242551727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-GHz global clock distribution using coupled standing-wave oscillators
    • Nov
    • F. O'Mahony, C. P. Yue, M. Horowitz, and S. S. Wong, "A 10-GHz global clock distribution using coupled standing-wave oscillators," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 1813-1820, Nov. 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.38 , Issue.11 , pp. 1813-1820
    • O'Mahony, F.1    Yue, C.P.2    Horowitz, M.3    Wong, S.S.4
  • 50
    • 0034314916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A variable-frequency parallel I/O interface with adaptive power-supply regulation
    • Nov
    • G.-Y. Wei, J. Kim, D. Liu, S. Sidiropoulos, and M. A. Horowitz, "A variable-frequency parallel I/O interface with adaptive power-supply regulation," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 11, pp. 1600-1610, Nov. 2000.
    • (2000) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 1600-1610
    • Wei, G.-Y.1    Kim, J.2    Liu, D.3    Sidiropoulos, S.4    Horowitz, M.A.5
  • 51
    • 0036913528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low-power multiplying DLL for low-jitter multigigahertz clock generation in highly integrated digital chips
    • Dec
    • R. Farjad-Rad, W. Dally, H. T. Ng, R. Senthinathan, M. J. E. Lee, R. Rathi, and J. Poulton, "A low-power multiplying DLL for low-jitter multigigahertz clock generation in highly integrated digital chips," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 37, no. 12, pp. 1804-1812, Dec. 2002.
    • (2002) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.37 , Issue.12 , pp. 1804-1812
    • Farjad-Rad, R.1    Dally, W.2    Ng, H.T.3    Senthinathan, R.4    Lee, M.J.E.5    Rathi, R.6    Poulton, J.7
  • 55
    • 0030400848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 0.8 μm CMOS 2.5 Gbps oversampling receiver and transmitter for serial links
    • Dec
    • C.-K. Yang and M. Horowitz, "A 0.8 μm CMOS 2.5 Gbps oversampling receiver and transmitter for serial links," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 31, no. 12, Dec. 1996.
    • (1996) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.31 , Issue.12
    • Yang, C.-K.1    Horowitz, M.2
  • 57
    • 0016565959 scopus 로고
    • Clock recovery from random binary signals
    • J. Alexander, "Clock recovery from random binary signals," Electron. Lett., vol. 11, no. 22, pp. 541-542, 1975.
    • (1975) Electron. Lett , vol.11 , Issue.22 , pp. 541-542
    • Alexander, J.1
  • 58
    • 0346342381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 40-Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit in 0.18-μm CMOS technology
    • Dec
    • J. Lee and B. Razavi, "A 40-Gb/s clock and data recovery circuit in 0.18-μm CMOS technology," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 12, Dec. 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.38 , Issue.12
    • Lee, J.1    Razavi, B.2
  • 59
    • 0034482511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SiGe BiCMOS 3.3-V clock and data recovery circuits for 10 Gb/s serial transmission systems
    • Dec
    • M. Meghelli, B. Parker, H. Ainspan, and M. Soyuer, "SiGe BiCMOS 3.3-V clock and data recovery circuits for 10 Gb/s serial transmission systems," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 1992-1995, Dec. 2000.
    • (2000) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.35 , Issue.12 , pp. 1992-1995
    • Meghelli, M.1    Parker, B.2    Ainspan, H.3    Soyuer, M.4
  • 60
    • 0037248735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10 Gb/s CMOS clock and data recovery circuit with a half-rate binary phase/frequency detector
    • Jan
    • J. Savoj and B. Razavi, "A 10 Gb/s CMOS clock and data recovery circuit with a half-rate binary phase/frequency detector," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 13-21, Jan. 2003.
    • (2003) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-21
    • Savoj, J.1    Razavi, B.2
  • 62
    • 0022187594 scopus 로고
    • A self-correcting clock recovery circuit
    • Dec
    • C. Hogge, "A self-correcting clock recovery circuit," J. Lightwave Technol., vol. LT-3, pp. 1312-1314, Dec. 1985.
    • (1985) J. Lightwave Technol , vol.LT-3 , pp. 1312-1314
    • Hogge, C.1
  • 63
    • 0035333506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 10-Gb/s CMOS clock and data recovery circuit with a half-rate linear phase detector
    • May
    • J. Savoj and B. Razavi, "A 10-Gb/s CMOS clock and data recovery circuit with a half-rate linear phase detector," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 761-768, May 2001.
    • (2001) IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 761-768
    • Savoj, J.1    Razavi, B.2
  • 66
    • 34548831052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 20 Gb/s burst-mode CDR circuit using injection-locking technique
    • J. Lee and M. Liu, "A 20 Gb/s burst-mode CDR circuit using injection-locking technique," in ISSCC 2005 Dig. Tech. Papers, pp. 46-47.
    • ISSCC 2005 Dig. Tech. Papers , pp. 46-47
    • Lee, J.1    Liu, M.2
  • 70
    • 47949132331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling and analysis techniques of jitter enhancement across high-speed interconnect systems
    • Oct
    • W. Beyene, "Modeling and analysis techniques of jitter enhancement across high-speed interconnect systems," in Proc. IEEE Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging Conf., Oct. 2007, pp. 29-32.
    • (2007) Proc. IEEE Electrical Performance of Electronic Packaging Conf , pp. 29-32
    • Beyene, W.1
  • 72
    • 84996469077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing bang-bang PLLs for clock and data recovery in serial data transmission systems
    • B. Razavi, Ed. New York: IEEE Press
    • R. C. Walker, "Designing bang-bang PLLs for clock and data recovery in serial data transmission systems," in Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems, B. Razavi, Ed. New York: IEEE Press, 2003, pp. 34-45.
    • (2003) Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems , pp. 34-45
    • Walker, R.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.