Amyloid peptides and proteins in review

Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology

Volumn 159, Issue , 2007, Pages 1-77

  Harrison, R S ^a   Sharpe, P C ^a   Singh, Y ^a   Fairlie, D P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID; CYSTEINE; PEPTIDE; PROTEIN;

ANIMAL; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CHEMISTRY; CONFORMATION; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; ELECTRICITY; HUMAN; MACROMOLECULE; METABOLISM; PH; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN FOLDING; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; REVIEW;

AMYLOID; ANIMALS; CYSTEINE; ELECTROSTATICS; HUMANS; HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION; MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR CONFORMATION; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; PEPTIDES; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN FOLDING; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, SECONDARY; PROTEINS;

EID: 34548762001     PISSN: 03034240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/112_2007_0701     Document Type: Review

References (458)

1. Agianian B, Leonard K, Bonte E, Van der Zandt H, Becker PB, Tucker PA (1999) The glutamine-rich domain of the Drosophila GAGA factor is necessary for amyloid fibre formation in vitro, but not for chromatin remodelling. J Mol Biol 285:527-544
2. Aguzzi A, Haass C (2003) Games played by rogue proteins in prion disorders and Alzheimer's disease. Science 302:814-818
3. Ahmad A, Uversky VN, Hong D, Fink AL (2005) Early events in the fibrillation of monomeric insulin. J Biol Chem 280:42669-42675
4. Aldave AJ, Gutmark JG, Yellore VS, Affeldt JA, Meallet MA, Udar N, Rao NA, Small KW, Klintworth GK (2004) Lattice corneal dystrophy associated with the Ala546Asp and Pro551Gln missense changes in the TGFBI gene. Am J Ophthalmol 138:772-781
5. Alexandrescu AT (2001) An NMR-based quenched hydrogen exchange investigation of model amyloid fibrils formed by cold shock protein A. Pac Symp Biocomput 67-78
6. Alexandrescu AT (2005) Amyloid accomplices and enforcers. Protein Sci 14:1-12
7. Alexandrescu AT, Rathgeb-Szabo K (1999) An NMR investigation of solution aggregation reactions preceding the misassembly of acid-denatured cold shock protein A into fibrils. J Mol Biol 291:1191-1206
8. Altland K, Winter P (1999) Potential treatment of transthyretin-type amyloidoses by sulfite. Neurogenetics 2:183-188
9. Altland K, Winter P, Saraiva MJ, Suhr O (2004) Sulfite and base for the treatment of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy: Two additive approaches to stabilize the conformation of human amyloidogenic transthyretin. Neurogenetics 5:61-67
10. Alzheimer A, Stelzmann RA, Schnitzlein HN, Murtagh FR (1995) An English translation of Alzheimer's 1907 paper, "Uber eine eigenartige Erkankung der Hirnrinde". Clin Anat 8:429-431
11. Ancsin JB (2003) Amyloidogenesis: Historical and modern observations point to heparan sulfate proteoglycans as a major culprit. Amyloid 10:67-79
12. Ando Y, Nakamura M, Araki S (2005) Transthyretin-related familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Arch Neurol 62:1057-1062
13. Andreola A, Bellotti V, Giorgetti S, Mangione P, Obici L, Stoppini M, Torres J, Monzani E,Merlini G, Sunde M (2003) Conformational switching and fibrillogenesis in the amyloidogenic fragment of apolipoprotein A-I. J Biol Chem 278:2444-2451
14. Arimon M, Diez-Perez I, Kogan MJ, Durany N, Giralt E, Sanz F, Fernandez-Busquets X (2005) Fine structure study of Abeta 1-42 fibrillogenesis with atomic force microscopy. FASEB J 19:1344-1346
15. Atwood CS, Scarpa RC, Huang X, Moir RD, Jones WD, Fairlie DP, Tanzi RE, Bush AI (2000) Characterization of copper interactions with Alzheimer amyloid beta peptides: Identification of an attomolar-affinity copper binding site on amyloid beta 1-42. J Neurochem 75:1219-1233
16. Atwood CS, Martins RN, Smith MA, Perry G (2002) Senile plaque composition and posttranslational modification of amyloid-beta peptide and associated proteins. Peptides 23:1343-1350
17. Azriel R, Gazit E (2001) Analysis of the minimal amyloid-forming fragment of the islet amyloid polypeptide. An experimental support for the key role of the phenylalanine residue in amyloid formation. J Biol Chem 276:34156-34161
18. Balbach JJ, Ishii Y, Antzutkin ON, Leapman RD, Rizzo NW, Dyda F, Reed J, Tycko R (2000) Amyloid fibril formation by A beta 16-22, a seven-residue fragment of the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide, and structural characterization by solid state NMR. Biochemistry 39:13748-13759
19. Bamberger ME, Harris ME, McDonald DR, Husemann J, Landreth GE (2003) A cell surface receptor complex for fibrillar beta-amyloid mediates microglial activation. J Neurosci 23:2665-2674
20. Baskakov IV, Legname G, Baldwin MA, Prusiner SB, Cohen FE (2002) Pathway complexity of prion protein assembly into amyloid. J Biol Chem 277:21140-21148
21. Baxa U, Cheng N, Winkler DC, Chiu TK, Davies DR, Sharma D, Inouye H, Kirschner DA, Wickner RB, Steven AC (2005) Filaments of the Ure2p prion protein have a cross-beta core structure. J Struct Biol 150:170-179
22. Behl C, Davis JB, Lesley R, Schubert D (1994) Hydrogen peroxide mediates amyloid beta protein toxicity. Cell 77:817-827
23. Bellotti V, Mangione P, Merlini G (2000) Review: Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis - the archetype of structural and pathogenic variability. J Struct Biol 130:280-289
24. Benson MD, Liepnieks J, Uemichi T, Wheeler G, Correa R (1993) Hereditary renal amyloidosis associated with a mutant fibrinogen alpha-chain. Nat Genet 3:252-255
25. Benson MD, Liepnieks JJ, Yazaki M, Yamashita T, Hamidi Asl K, Guenther B, Kluve-Beckerman B (2001) A new human hereditary amyloidosis: The result of a stop-codon mutation in the apolipoprotein AII gene. Genomics 72:272-277
26. Bergstrom J, Murphy C, Eulitz M, Weiss DT, Westermark GT, Solomon A, Westermark P (2001) Codeposition of apolipoprotein A-IV and transthyretin in senile systemic (ATTR) amyloidosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 285:903-908
27. Bergstrom J, Murphy CL, Weiss DT, Solomon A, Sletten K, Hellman U, Westermark P (2004) Two different types of amyloid deposits - apolipoprotein A-IV and transthyretin - in a patient with systemic amyloidosis. Lab Invest 84:981-988
28. Berson JF, Theos AC, Harper DC, Tenza D, Raposo G, Marks MS (2003) Proprotein convertase cleavage liberates a fibrillogenic fragment of a resident glycoprotein to initiate melanosome biogenesis. J Cell Biol 161:521-533
29. Bieri O, Wildegger G, Bachmann A, Wagner C, Kiefhaber T (1999) A salt-induced kinetic intermediate is on a new parallel pathway of lysozyme folding. Biochemistry 38:12460-12470
30. Bironaite D, Lindgren S, Janciauskiene S, Dichtl W, Moraga F, Ares MP, Crisby M, Nilsson J, Carlemalm E, Eriksson S (2001) Fibrillogenic C-terminal fragment of alpha-1-antitrypsin activates human monocytes via oxidative mechanisms. Cell Tissue Res 305:87-98
31. Bitan G, Lomakin A, Teplow DB (2001) Amyloid beta-protein oligomerization: Prenucleation interactions revealed by photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins. J Biol Chem 276:35176-35184
32. Bitan G, Kirkitadze MD, Lomakin A, Vollers SS, Benedek GB, Teplow DB (2003a) Amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) assembly: Abeta 40 and Abeta 42 oligomerize through distinct pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:330-335
33. Bitan G, Vollers SS, Teplow DB (2003b) Elucidation of primary structure elements controlling early amyloid beta-protein oligomerization. J Biol Chem 278:34882-34889
34. Blake C, Serpell L (1996) Synchrotron X-ray studies suggest that the core of the transthyretin amyloid fibril is a continuous beta-sheet helix. Structure 4:989-998
35. Bodles AM, Guthrie DJS, Greer B, Irvine GB (2001) Identification of the region of non-Ab component (NAC) of Alzheimer's disease amyloid responsible for its aggregation and toxicity. J Neurochem 78:384-395
36. Bohne S, Sletten K, Menard R, Buhling F, Vockler S, Wrenger E, Roessner A, Rocken C (2004) Cleavage of AL amyloid proteins and AL amyloid deposits by cathepsins B, K, and L. J Pathol 203:528-537
37. Bollen YJ, Sanchez IE, van Mierlo CP (2004) Formation of on- and off-pathway intermediates in the folding kinetics of Azotobacter vinelandii apoflavodoxin. Biochemistry 43:10475-10489
38. Bouchard M, Zurdo J, Nettleton E, Dobson C, Robinson C (2000) Formation of insulin amyloid fibrils followed by FTIR simultaneously with CD and electron microscopy. Protein Sci 9:1960-1967
39. Bouma B, Kroon-Batenburg LM, Wu YP, Brunjes B, Posthuma G, Kranenburg O, de Groot PG, Voest EE, Gebbink MF (2003) Glycation induces formation of amyloid cross-beta structure in albumin. J Biol Chem 278:41810-41819
40. Bousset L, Briki F, Doucet J, Melki R (2003) The native-like conformation of Ure2p in fibrils assembled under physiologically relevant conditions switches to an amyloid-like conformation upon heat-treatment of the fibrils. J Struct Biol 141:132-142
41. Brais B (2003) Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy: A late-onset polyalanine disease. Cytogenet Genome Res 100:252-260
42. Breslau NA (2000) Calcium homeostasis. In: Griffin JA, Ojeda SR (eds) Textbook of endocrine physiology, 4th edn. Oxford University Press, New York
43. Briknarova K, Akerman ME, Hoyt DW, Ruoslahti E, Ely KR (2003) Anastellin, an FN3 fragment with fibronectin polymerization activity, resembles amyloid fibril precursors. J Mol Biol 332:205-215
44. Broome BM, Hecht MH (2000) Nature disfavors sequences of alternating polar and non-polar amino acids: Implications for amyloidogenesis. J Mol Biol 296:961-968
45. Brown JH, Jardetzky TS, Gorga JC, Stern LJ, Urban RG, Strominger JL,Wiley DC (1993) Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1. Nature 364:33-39
46. Bucciantini M, Giannoni E, Chiti F, Baroni F, Formigli L, Zurdo J, Taddei N, Ramponi G, Dobson CM, Stefani M (2002) Inherent toxicity of aggregates implies a common mechanism for protein misfolding diseases. Nature 416:507-511
47. Bucciantini M, Calloni G, Chiti F, Formigli L, Nosi D, Dobson CM, Stefani M (2004) Pre-fibrillar amyloid protein aggregates share common features of cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 279:31374-31382
48. Bunn CW, Garner EV (1947) The crystal structure of two polyamides ('nylons'). Proc R Soc Lond Ser A 189:39-68
49. Burke MJ, Rougvie MA (1972) Cross-protein structures. I. Insulin fibrils. Biochemistry 11:2435-2439
50. Burley SK, Petsko GA (1985) Aromatic-aromatic interaction: A mechanism of protein structure stabilization. Science 229:23-28
51. Bush AI (2003) The metallobiology of Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 26:207-214
52. Butterfield DA, Martin L, Carney JM, Hensley K (1996) A beta (25-35) peptide displays H2O2-like reactivity towards aqueous Fe2+, nitroxide spin probes, and synaptosomal membrane proteins. Life Sci 58:217-228
53. Buxbaum JN (2003) Diseases of protein conformation: What do in vitro experiments tell us about in vivo diseases? Trends Biochem Sci 28:585-592
54. Calado A, Tome FM, Brais B, Rouleau GA, Kuhn U, Wahle E, Carmo-Fonseca M (2000) Nuclear inclusions in oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy consist of poly(A) binding protein 2 aggregates which sequester poly(A) RNA. Hum Mol Genet 9:2321-2328
55. Calamai M, Taddei N, Stefani M, Ramponi G, Chiti F (2003) Relative influence of hydrophobicity and net charge in the aggregation of two homologous proteins. Biochemistry 42:15078-15083
56. Calamai M, Canale C, Relini A, Stefani M, Chiti F, Dobson CM (2005) Reversal of protein aggregation provides evidence for multiple aggregated states. J Mol Biol 346:603-616
57. Cannon MJ, Williams AD, Wetzel R, Myszka DG (2004) Kinetic analysis of beta-amyloid fibril elongation. Anal Biochem 328:67-75
58. Carrotta R, Manno M, Bulone D, Martorana V, San Biagio PL (2005) Protofibril formation of amyloid betaprotein at low pH via a non-cooperative elongation mechanism. J Biol Chem 280:30001-30008
59. Carulla N, Caddy GL, Hall DR, Zurdo J, Gairi M, Feliz M, Giralt E, Robinson CV, Dobson CM (2005) Molecular recycling within amyloid fibrils. Nature 436:554-558
60. Chapman MR, Robinson LS, Pinkner JS, Roth R, Heuser J, Hammar M, Normark S, Hultgren SJ (2002) Role of Escherichia coli curli operons in directing amyloid fiber formation. Science 295:851-855
61. Chauhan A, Ray I, Chauhan VP (2000) Interaction of amyloid beta-protein with anionic phospholipids: Possible involvement of Lys28 and C-terminus aliphatic amino acids. Neurochem Res 25:423-429
62. Chen CD, Huff ME, Matteson J, Page L, Phillips R, Kelly JW, Balch WE (2001a) Furin initiates gelsolin familial amyloidosis in the Golgi through a defect in Ca(2+) stabilization. EMBO J 20:6277-6287
63. Chen S, Berthelier V, Yang W, Wetzel R (2001b) Polyglutamine aggregation behavior in vitro supports a recruitment mechanism of cytotoxicity. J Mol Biol 311:173-182
64. Chen S, Berthelier V, Hamilton JB, O'Nuallain B, Wetzel R (2002) Amyloid-like features of polyglutamine aggregates and their assembly kinetics. Biochemistry 41:7391-7399
65. Chen YW, Dokholyan NV (2005) A single disulfide bond differentiates aggregation pathways of beta 2-microglobulin. J Mol Biol 354:473-482
66. Cherny RA, Legg JT, McLean CA, Fairlie DP, Huang X, Atwood CS, Beyreuther K, Tanzi RE, Masters CL, Bush AI (1999) Aqueous dissolution of Alzheimer's disease Abeta amyloid deposits by biometal depletion. J Biol Chem 274:23223-23228
67. Chiti F, Webster P, Taddei N, Clark A, Stefani M, Ramponi G, Dobson CM (1999) Designing conditions for in vitro formation of amyloid protofilaments and fibrils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3590-3594
68. Chiti F, Taddei N, Bucciantini M, White P, Ramponi G, Dobson CM (2000) Mutational analysis of the propensity for amyloid formation by a globular protein. EMBO J 19:1441-1449
69. Chiti F, Bucciantini M, Capanni C, Taddei N, Dobson CM, Stefani M(2001) Solution conditions can promote formation of either amyloid protofilaments or mature fibrils from the HypF N-terminal domain. Protein Sci 10:2541-2547
70. Chiti F, Calamai M, Taddei N, Stefani M, Ramponi G, Dobson CM (2002a) Studies of the aggregation of mutant proteins in vitro provide insights into the genetics of amyloid diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(Suppl 4):16419-16426
71. Chiti F, Taddei N, Baroni F, Capanni C, Stefani M, Ramponi G, Dobson CM (2002b) Kinetic partitioning of protein folding and aggregation. Nat Struct Biol 9:137-143
72. Chiti F, Stefani M, Taddei N, Ramponi G, Dobson CM (2003) Rationalization of the effects of mutations on peptide and protein aggregation rates. Nature 424:805-808
73. Chow MK, Paulson HL, Bottomley SP (2004) Destabilization of a non-pathological variant of ataxin-3 results in fibrillogenesis via a partially folded intermediate: A model for misfolding in polyglutamine disease. J Mol Biol 335:333-341
74. Chromy BA, Nowak RJ, Lambert MP, Viola KL, Chang L, Velasco PT, Jones BW, Fernandez SJ, Lacor PN, Horowitz P, Finch CE, Krafft GA, Klein WL (2003) Self-assembly of Abeta(1-42) into globular neurotoxins. Biochemistry 42:12749-12760
75. Claessen D, Rink R, de Jong W, Siebring J, de Vreugd P, Boersma FG, Dijkhuizen L, Wosten HA (2003) A novel class of secreted hydrophobic proteins is involved in aerial hyphae formation in Streptomyces coelicolor by forming amyloid-like fibrils. Genes Dev 17:1714-1726
76. Clark PL (2004) Protein folding in the cell: Reshaping the folding funnel. Trends Biochem Sci 29:527-534
77. Cohen AS, Calkins E (1959) Electron microscopic observations on a fibrous component in amyloid of diverse origins. Nature 183:1202-1203
78. Cohen FE, Prusiner SB (1998) Pathologic conformations of prion proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 67:793-819
79. Coles M, Bicknell W, Watson AA, Fairlie DP, Craik DJ (1998) Solution structure of amyloid beta-peptide(1-40) in a water-micelle environment. Is the membrane-spanning domain where we think it is? Biochemistry 37:11064-11077
80. Collins SR, Douglass A, Vale RD, Weissman JS (2004) Mechanism of prion propagation: Amyloid growth occurs by monomer addition. PLoS Biol 2:e321
81. Collinson SK, Emody L, Muller KH, Trust TJ, Kay WW (1991) Purification and characterization of thin, aggregative fimbriae from Salmonella enteritidis. J Bacteriol 173:4773-4781
82. Cordes MH, Walsh NP, McKnight CJ, Sauer RT (2003) Solution structure of switch Arc, a mutant with 3(10) helices replacing a wild-type beta-ribbon. J Mol Biol 326:899-909
83. Cottingham MG, Hollinshead MS, Vaux DJ (2002) Amyloid fibril formation by a synthetic peptide from a region of human acetylcholinesterase that is homologous to the Alzheimer's amyloid-beta peptide. Biochemistry 41:13539-13547
84. Coustou-Linares V, Maddelein ML, Begueret J, Saupe SJ (2001) In vivo aggregation of the HET-s prion protein of the fungus Podospora anserina. Mol Microbiol 42:1325-1335
85. Cribbs DH, Azizeh BY, Cotman CW, LaFerla FM (2000) Fibril formation and neurotoxicity by a herpes simplex virus glycoprotein B fragment with homology to the Alzheimer's A beta peptide. Biochemistry 39:5988-5994
86. Damaschun G, Damaschun H, Gast K, Zirwer D (1999) Proteins can adopt totally different folded conformations. J Mol Biol 291:715-725
87. Damaschun G, Damaschun H, Fabian H, Gast K, Krober R, Wieske M, Zirwer D (2000) Conversion of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase into amyloid-like structure. Proteins 39:204-211
88. Darnell RB (2003) Memory, synaptic translation, and...prions? Cell 115:767-768
89. de Groot NS, Ventura S (2005) Amyloid fibril formation by bovine cytochrome c. Spectroscopy 19:199-205
90. Deane R, Du Yan S, Submamaryan RK, LaRue B, Jovanovic S, Hogg E, Welch D, Manness L, Lin C, Yu J, Zhu H, Ghiso J, Frangione B, Stern A, Schmidt AM, Armstrong DL, Arnold B, Liliensiek B, Nawroth P, Hofman F, Kindy M, Stern D, Zlokovic B (2003) RAGE mediates amyloid-beta peptide transport across the blood-brain barrier and accumulation in brain. Nat Med 9:907-913
91. Dehner A, Planker E, Gemmecker G, Broxterman QB, Bisson W, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Kessler H (2001) Solution structure, dimerization, and dynamics of a lipophilic alpha/3(10)-helical, C alphamethylated peptide. Implications for folding of membrane proteins. J Am Chem Soc 123:6678-6686
92. Delano WL (2005) MacPyMOL: A PyMOL-based molecular graphics application for MacOS X. DeLano Scientific, South San Francisco
93. deMello DE, Lin Z (2001) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: A review. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med 20:413-432
94. Derkatch IL, Uptain SM, Outeiro TF, Krishnan R, Lindquist SL, Liebman SW (2004) Effects of Q/N-rich, polyQ, and non-polyQ amyloids on the de novo formation of the [PSI+] prion in yeast and aggregation of Sup35 in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:12934-12939
95. Diaz-Avalos R, Long C, Fontano E, Balbirnie M, Grothe R, Eisenberg D, Caspar DL (2003) Cross-beta order and diversity in nanocrystals of an amyloid-forming peptide. J Mol Biol 330:1165-1175
96. Dobson CM (1999) Protein misfolding, evolution and disease. Trends Biochem Sci 24:329-332
97. Dobson CM (2003) Protein folding and misfolding. Nature 426:884-890
98. Dobson CM (2004) Principles of protein folding, misfolding and aggregation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 15:3-16
99. Dodart JC, Bales KR, Gannon KS, Greene SJ, DeMattos RB, Mathis C, DeLong CA,Wu S,Wu X, Holtzman DM, Paul SM (2002) Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain Abeta burden in Alzheimer's disease model. Nat Neurosci 5:452-457
100. Doig AJ, Williams DH (1992)Why water-soluble, compact, globular proteins have similar specific enthalpies of unfolding at 110 degrees C. Biochemistry 31:9371-9375
101. Dong A, Matsuura J, Manning MC, Carpenter JF (1998) Intermolecular beta-sheet results from trifluoroethanol-induced nonnative alpha-helical structure in beta-sheet predominant proteins: Infrared and circular dichroism spectroscopic study. Arch Biochem Biophys 355:275-281
102. Dos Reis S, Coulary-Salin B, Forge V, Lascu I, Begueret J, Saupe SJ (2002) The HET-s prion protein of the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina aggregates in vitro into amyloid-like fibrils. J Biol Chem 277:5703-5706
103. Doyle DA, Lee A, Lewis J, Kim E, Sheng M, MacKinnon R (1996) Crystal structures of a complexed and peptide-free membrane protein-binding domain: Molecular basis of peptide recognition by PDZ. Cell 85:1067-1076
104. Du HN, Tang L, Luo XY, Li HT, Hu J, Zhou JW, Hu HY (2003) A peptide motif consisting of glycine, alanine, and valine is required for the fibrillization and cytotoxicity of human alpha-synuclein. Biochemistry 42:8870-8878
105. Dzwolak W, Muraki T, Kato M, Taniguchi Y (2004) Chain-length dependence of alpha-helix to beta-sheet transition in polylysine: Model of protein aggregation studied by temperature-tuned FTIR spectroscopy. Biopolymers 73:463-469
106. Eakin CM, Knight JD, Morgan CJ, Gelfand MA, Miranker AD (2002) Formation of a copper specific binding site in non-native states of beta-2-microglobulin. Biochemistry 41:10646-10656
107. Eakin CM, Berman AJ, Miranker AD (2006) A native to amyloidogenic transition regulated by a backbone trigger. Nat Struct Mol Biol 13:202-208
108. el-Agnaf OM, Irvine GB (2002) Aggregation and neurotoxicity of alpha-synuclein and related peptides. Biochem Soc Trans 30:559-565
109. Elam JS, Taylor AB, Strange R, Antonyuk S, Doucette PA, Rodriguez JA, Hasnain SS, Hayward LJ, Valentine JS, Yeates TO, Hart PJ (2003) Amyloid-like filaments and water-filled nanotubes formed by SOD1 mutant proteins linked to familial ALS. Nat Struct Biol 10:461-467
110. Elliot MA, Karoonuthaisiri N, Huang J, Bibb MJ, Cohen SN, Kao CM, Buttner MJ (2003) The chaplins: A family of hydrophobic cell-surface proteins involved in aerial mycelium formation in Streptomyces coelicolor. Genes Dev 17:1727-1740
111. Esler WP, Stimson ER, Jennings JM, Vinters HV, Ghilardi JR, Lee JP, Mantyh PW, Maggio JE (2000) Alzheimer's disease amyloid propagation by a template-dependent dock-lock mechanism. Biochemistry 39:6288-6295
112. Esteban JA (2004) Living with the enemy: A physiological role for the beta-amyloid peptide. Trends Neurosci 27:1-3
113. Eulitz M, Weiss DT, Solomon A (1990) Immunoglobulin heavy-chain-associated amyloidosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:6542-6546
114. Fadika GO, Baumann M (2002) Peptides corresponding to gelsolin derived amyloid of the Finnish type (AGelFIN) adopt two distinct forms in solution of which only one can polymerize into amyloid fibrils and form complexes with apoE. Amyloid 9:75-82
115. Fändrich M, Dobson CM (2002) The behaviour of polyamino acids reveals an inverse side chain effect in amyloid structure formation. EMBO J 21:5682-5690
116. Fändrich M, Fletcher MA, Dobson CM (2001) Amyloid fibrils from muscle myoglobin. Nature 410:165-166
117. Fändrich M, Forge V, Buder K, Kittler M, Dobson CM, Diekmann S (2003) Myoglobin forms amyloid fibrils by association of unfolded polypeptide segments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:15463-15468
118. Fairlie DP, West ML, Wong AK (1998) Towards protein surface mimetics. Curr Med Chem 5:29-62
119. Fairlie DP, Tyndall JD, Reid RC, Wong AK, Abbenante G, Scanlon MJ, March DR, Bergman DA, Chai CL, Burkett BA (2000) Conformational selection of inhibitors and substrates by proteolytic enzymes: Implications for drug design and polypeptide processing. J Med Chem 43:1271-1281
120. Fan X, Rouleau GA (2003) Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Can J Neurol Sci 30:8-14
121. Farrell HM Jr, Cooke PH, Wickham ED, Piotrowski EG, Hoagland PD (2003) Environmental influences on bovine kappa-casein: Reduction and conversion to fibrillar (amyloid) structures. J Protein Chem 22:259-273
122. Fay N, Inoue Y, Bousset L, Taguchi H, Melki R (2003) Assembly of the yeast prion Ure2p into protein fibrils. Thermodynamic and kinetic characterization. J Biol Chem 278:30199-30205
123. Ferguson N, Berriman J, Petrovich M, Sharpe TD, Finch JT, Fersht AR (2003) Rapid amyloid fiber formation from the fast-folding WW domain FBP28. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:9814-9819
124. Ferguson N, Becker J, Tidow H, Tremmel S, Sharpe TD, Krause G, Flinders J, Petrovich M, Berriman J, Oschkinat H, Fersht AR (2006) General structural motifs of amyloid protofilaments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:16248-16253
125. Fezoui Y, Teplow DB (2002) Kinetic studies of amyloid beta-protein fibril assembly. Differential effects of alpha-helix stabilization. J Biol Chem 277:36948-36954
126. Fezoui Y, Hartley DM, Walsh DM, Selkoe DJ, Osterhout JJ, Teplow DB (2000) A de novo designed helixturn-helix peptide forms nontoxic amyloid fibrils. Nat Struct Biol 7:1095-1099
127. Figueroa KP, Pulst SM (2003) Identification and expression of the gene for human ataxin-2-related protein on chromosome 16. Exp Neurol 184:669-678
128. Florio T, Paludi D, Villa V, Principe DR, Corsaro A, Millo E, Damonte G, D'Arrigo C, Russo C, Schettini G, Aceto A (2003) Contribution of two conserved glycine residues to fibrillogenesis of the 106-126 prion protein fragment. Evidence that a soluble variant of the 106-126 peptide is neurotoxic. J Neurochem 85:62-72
129. Forloni G, Angeretti N, Chiesa R, Monzani E, Salmona M, Bugiani O, Tagliavini F (1993) Neurotoxicity of a prion protein fragment. Nature 362:543-546
130. Fowler DM, Koulov AV, Alory-Jost C, Marks MS, Balch WE, Kelly JW (2006) Functional amyloid formation within mammalian tissue. PLoS Biol 4:100-107
131. Fraser PE, Nguyen JT, Inouye H, Surewicz WK, Selkoe DJ, Podlisny MB, Kirschner DA (1992) Fibril formation by primate, rodent, and Dutch-hemorrhagic analogues of Alzheimer amyloid beta-protein. Biochemistry 31:10716-10723
132. Fujimoto N, Yajima M, Ohnishi Y, Tajima S, Ishibashi A, Hata Y, Enomoto U, Konohana I,Wachi H, Seyama Y (2002) Advanced glycation end product-modified beta 2-microglobulin is a component of amyloid fibrils of primary localized cutaneous nodular amyloidosis. J Invest Dermatol 118:479-484
133. Fukui T, Shiraki K, Hamada D, Hara K, Miyata T, Fujiwara S, Mayanagi K, Yanagihara K, Iida T, Fukusaki E, Imanaka T, Honda T, Yanagihara I (2005) Thermostable direct hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterial reversible amyloid toxin. Biochemistry 44:9825-9832
134. Funayama T, Mashima Y, Kawashima M, Yamada M (2006) Lattice corneal dystrophy type III in patients with a homozygous L527R mutation in the TGFBI gene. Jpn J Ophthalmol 50:62-64
135. Fung SY, Keyes C, Duhamel J, Chen P (2003) Concentration effect on the aggregation of a self-assembling oligopeptide. Biophys J 85:537-548
136. Galea C, Bowman P, Kriwacki RW (2005) Disruption of an intermonomer salt bridge in the p53 tetramerization domain results in an increased propensity to form amyloid fibrils. Protein Sci 14:2993-3003
137. Ganesh S, Tayakumar R (2003) Structural transitions involved in a novel amyloid-like beta sheet assemblage of tripeptide derivatives. Biopolymers 70:336-345
138. Gasset M, Baldwin M, Lloyd D, Gabriel J, Holtzman D, Cohen F, Fletterick R, Prusiner S (1992) Predicted alpha-helical regions of the prion protein when synthesized as peptides form amyloid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:10940-10944
139. Gazit E (2002) A possible role for pi-stacking in the self-assembly of amyloid fibrils. FASEB J 16:77-83
140. Gebbink MF, Claessen D, Bouma B, Dijkhuizen L, Wosten HA (2005) Amyloids - a functional coat for microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol 3:333-341
141. Geddes AJ, Parker KD, Atkins ED, Beighton E (1968) Cross-beta' conformation in proteins. J Mol Biol 32:343-358
142. Gerhartz B, Ekiel I, Abrahamson M (1998) Two stable unfolding intermediates of the disease-causing L68Q variant of human cystatin C. Biochemistry 37:17309-17317
143. Ghiso J, Jensson O, Frangione B (1986) Amyloid fibrils in hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of Icelandic type is a variant of gamma-trace basic protein (cystatin C). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:2974-2978
144. Giacomelli CE, Norde W (2003) Influence of hydrophobic Teflon particles on the structure of amyloid beta-peptide. Biomacromolecules 4:1719-1726
145. Gibson G, El-Agnaf OM, Anwar Z, Sidera C, Isbister A, Austen BM (2005) Structure and neurotoxicity of novel amyloids derived from the BRI gene. Biochem Soc Trans 33:1111-1112
146. Gillespie P, Cicariello J, Olson GL (1997) Conformational analysis of dipeptide mimetics. Biopolymers 43:191-217
147. Giri K, Ghosh U, Bhattacharyya NP, Basak S (2003) Caspase 8 mediated apoptotic cell death induced by beta-sheet forming polyalanine peptides. FEBS Lett 555:380-384
148. Gobbi M, Colombo L, Morbin M, Mazzoleni G, Accardo E, Vanoni M, Del Favero E, Cantu L, Kirschner DA, Manzoni C, Beeg M, Ceci P, Ubezio P, Forloni G, Tagliavini F, Salmona M (2006) Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease amyloid protein polymerizes according to the "dock-and-lock" model. J Biol Chem 281:843-849
149. Gordon DJ, Balbach JJ, Tycko R, Meredith SC (2004) Increasing the amphiphilicity of an amyloidogenic peptide changes the beta-sheet structure in the fibrils from antiparallel to parallel. Biophys J 86:428-434
150. Goux WJ, Kopplin L, Nguyen AD, Leak K, Rutkofsky M, Shanmuganandam VD, Sharma D, Inouye H, Kirschner DA (2004) The formation of straight and twisted filaments from short Tau peptides. J Biol Chem 279:26868-26875
151. Graether SP, Slupsky CM, Sykes BD (2003) Freezing of a fish antifreeze protein results in amyloid fibril formation. Biophys J 84:552-557
152. Greenfield S, Vaux DJ (2002) Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and motor neurone disease: Identifying a common mechanism. Neuroscience 113:485-492
153. Gregersen N, Bolund L, Bross P (2005) Protein misfolding, aggregation, and degradation in disease. Mol Biotechnol 31:141-150
154. Gross M, Wilkins DK, Pitkeathly MC, Chung EW, Higham C, Clark A, Dobson CM (1999) Formation of amyloid fibrils by peptides derived from the bacterial cold shock protein CspB. Protein Sci 8:1350-1357
155. Guijarro JI, Sunde M, Jones JA, Campbell ID, Dobson CM (1998) Amyloid fibril formation by an SH3 domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:4224-4228
156. Gupta-Bansal R, Frederickson RC, Brunden KR (1995) Proteoglycan-mediated inhibition of A beta proteolysis. A potential cause of senile plaque accumulation. J Biol Chem 270:18666-18671
157. Gustavsson A, Engstrom U, Westermark P (1991) Normal transthyretin and synthetic transthyretin fragments form amyloid-like fibrils in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175:1159-1164
158. Haggqvist B, Naslund J, Sletten K, Westermark GT, Mucchiano G, Tjernberg LO, Nordstedt C, Engstrom U, Westermark P (1999) Medin: An integral fragment of aortic smooth muscle cell-produced lactadherin forms the most common human amyloid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:8669-8674
159. Hall D, Minton AP (2003) Macromolecular crowding: Qualitative and semiquantitative successes, quantitative challenges. Biochim Biophys Acta 1649:127-139
160. Halverson K, Fraser PE, Kirschner DA, Lansbury PT Jr (1990) Molecular determinants of amyloid deposition in Alzheimer's disease: conformational studies of synthetic beta-protein fragments. Biochemistry 29:2639-2644
161. Hamada D, Dobson CM (2002) A kinetic study of beta-lactoglobulin amyloid fibril formation promoted by urea. Protein Sci 11:2417-2426
162. Hamilton JA, Benson MD (2001) Transthyretin: A review from a structural perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 58:1491-1521
163. Hammarström P, Jiang X, Hurshman AR, Powers ET, Kelly JW(2002) Sequence-dependent denaturation energetics: A major determinant in amyloid disease diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(Suppl 4):16427-16432
164. Hamodrakas SJ, Hoenger A, Iconomidou VA (2004) Amyloid fibrillogenesis of silkmoth chorion protein peptide-analogues via a liquid-crystalline intermediate phase. J Struct Biol 145:226-235
165. Harper JD, Lansbury PT Jr (1997) Models of amyloid seeding in Alzheimer's disease and scrapie: Mechanistic truths and physiological consequences of the time-dependent solubility of amyloid proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 66:385-407
166. Harris JR (2002) In vitro fibrillogenesis of the amyloid beta 1-42 peptide: Cholesterol potentiation and aspirin inhibition. Micron 33:609-626
167. Harris ME, Carney JM, Cole PS, Hensley K, Howard BJ, Martin L, Bummer P, Wang Y, Pedigo NW Jr, Butterfield DA (1995) beta-Amyloid peptide-derived, oxygen-dependent free radicals inhibit glutamate uptake in cultured astrocytes: Implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neuroreport 6:1875-1879
168. Hasegawa K, Ohhashi Y, Yamaguchi I, Takahashi N, Tsutsumi S, Goto Y, Gejyo F, Naiki H (2003) Amyloidogenic synthetic peptides of beta 2-microglobulin - a role of the disulfide bond. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 304:101-106
169. Hatters DM, Minton AP, Howlett GJ (2002) Macromolecular crowding accelerates amyloid formation by human apolipoprotein C-II. J Biol Chem 277:7824-7830
170. He Y, Zhou H, Tang H, Luo Y (2006) Deficiency of disulfide bonds facilitating fibrillogenesis of endostatin. J Biol Chem 281:1048-1057
171. Hearing VJ (2000) The melanosome: The perfect model for cellular responses to the environment. Pigment Cell Res 13:23-34
172. Heise H, Hoyer W, Becker S, Andronesi OC, Riedel D, Baldus M (2005) Molecular-level secondary structure, polymorphism, and dynamics of full-length alpha-synuclein fibrils studied by solid-state NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:15871-15876
173. Hensley K, Carney JM, Mattson MP, Aksenova M, Harris M, Wu JF, Floyd RA, Butterfield DA (1994) A model for beta-amyloid aggregation and neurotoxicity based on free radical generation by the peptide: Relevance to Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:3270-3274
174. Hensley K, Aksenova M, Carney JM, Harris M, Butterfield DA (1995) Amyloid beta-peptide spin trapping. I. Peptide enzyme toxicity is related to free radical spin trap reactivity. Neuroreport 6:489-492
175. Hirano K, Hotta Y, Fujiki K, Kanai A (2000) Corneal amyloidosis caused by Leu518Pro mutation of betaigh3 gene. Br J Ophthalmol 84:583-585
176. Hirschfield GM (2004) Amyloidosis: A clinico-pathophysiological synopsis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 15:39-44
177. Holmes SE, O'Hearn E, Rosenblatt A, Callahan C, Hwang HS, Ingersoll-Ashworth RG, Fleisher A, Stevanin G, Brice A, Potter NT, Ross CA, Margolis RL (2001) A repeat expansion in the gene encoding junctophilin-3 is associated with Huntington disease-like 2. Nat Genet 29:377-378
178. Hong DP, Fink AL (2005) Independent heterologous fibrillation of insulin and its B-chain peptide. Biochemistry 44:16701-16709
179. Hosia W, Johansson J, Griffiths WJ (2002) Hydrogen/deuterium exchange and aggregation of a polyvaline and a polyleucine alpha-helix investigated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 1:592-597
180. Hoyer W, Antony T, Cherny D, Heim G, Jovin TM, Subramaniam V (2002) Dependence of alpha-synuclein aggregate morphology on solution conditions. J Mol Biol 322:383-393
181. Hua QX, Weiss MA (2004) Mechanism of insulin fibrillation: The structure of insulin under amyloidogenic conditions resembles a protein-folding intermediate. J Biol Chem 279:21449-21460
182. Huang CC, Faber PW, Persichetti F, Mittal V, Vonsattel JP, MacDonald ME, Gusella JF (1998) Amyloid formation by mutant huntingtin: Threshold, progressivity and recruitment of normal polyglutamine proteins. Somat Cell Mol Genet 24:217-233
183. Huang X, Atwood CS, Moir RD, Hartshorn MA, Vonsattel JP, Tanzi RE, Bush AI (1997) Zinc-induced Alzheimer's Abeta 1-40 aggregation is mediated by conformational factors. J Biol Chem 272:26464-26470
184. Huang X, Cuajungco MP, Atwood CS, Hartshorn MA, Tyndall JD, Hanson GR, Stokes KC, Leopold M, Multhaup G, Goldstein LE, Scarpa RC, Saunders AJ, Lim J, Moir RD, Glabe C, Bowden EF, Masters CL, Fairlie DP, Tanzi RE, Bush AI (1999) Cu(II) potentiation of Alzheimer abeta neurotoxicity. Correlation with cell-free hydrogen peroxide production and metal reduction. J Biol Chem 274:37111-37116
185. Hurshman AR, White JT, Powers ET, Kelly JW (2004) Transthyretin aggregation under partially denaturing conditions is a downhill polymerization. Biochemistry 43:7365-7381
186. Iconomidou VA, Vriend G, Hamodrakas SJ (2000) Amyloids protect the silkmoth oocyte and embryo. FEBS Lett 479:141-145
187. Inouye H, Kirschner DA (2000) A beta fibrillogenesis: Kinetic parameters for fibril formation from Congo red binding. J Struct Biol 130:123-129
188. Inouye H, Fraser PE, Kirschner DA (1993) Structure of beta-crystallite assemblies formed by Alzheimer beta-amyloid protein analogues: Analysis by x-ray diffraction. Biophys J 64:502-519
189. Inouye H, Bond JE,Deverin SP, Lim A, Costello CE, Kirschner DA (2002) Molecular organization of amyloid protofilament-like assembly of betabellin 15D: Helical array of beta-sandwiches. Biophys J 83:1716-1727
190. Isobe T, Osserman EF (1974) Patterns of amyloidosis and their association with plasma cell dyscrasias, monoclonal immunoglobulins and Bence Jones proteins. N Engl J Med 290:473-477
191. Ivanova MI, Gingery M, Whitson LJ, Eisenberg D (2003) Role of the C-terminal 28 residues of beta 2-microglobulin in amyloid fibril formation. Biochemistry 42:13536-13540
192. Iwata K, Fujiwara T, Matsuki Y, Akutsu H, Takahashi S, Naiki H, Goto Y (2006) 3D structure of amyloid protofilaments of beta 2-microglobulin fragment probed by solid-state NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:18119-18124
193. Jahn TR, Parker MJ, Homans SW, Radford SE (2006) Amyloid formation under physiological conditions proceeds via a native-like folding intermediate. Nat Struct Mol Biol 13:195-201
194. Janciauskiene S, Carlemalm E, Eriksson S (1995) In vitro fibril formation from alpha 1-antitrypsin-derived C-terminal peptides. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 376:415-423
195. Janowski R, Kozak M, Abrahamson M, Grubb A, Jaskolski M (2005) 3D domain-swapped human cystatin c with amyloid-like intermolecular beta-sheets. Proteins 61:570-578
196. Jansen R, Dzwolak W, Winter R (2005) Amyloidogenic self-assembly of insulin aggregates probed by high resolution atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 88:1344-1353
197. Jaroniec CP, MacPhee CE, Astrof NS, Dobson CM, Griffin RG (2002) Molecular conformation of a peptide fragment of transthyretin in an amyloid fibril. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:16748-16753
198. Jarrett JT, Berger EP, Lansbury PT Jr (1993) The carboxy terminus of the beta amyloid protein is critical for the seeding of amyloid formation: implications for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Biochemistry 32:4693-4697
199. Jenko S, Skarabot M, Kenig M, Guncar G, Musevic I, Turk D, Zerovnik E (2004) Different propensity to form amyloid fibrils by two homologous proteins-Human stefins A and B: Searching for an explanation. Proteins 55:417-425
200. Johansson B, Wernstedt C, Westermark P (1987) Atrial natriuretic peptide deposited as atrial amyloid fibrils. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 148:1087-1092
201. John V, Latimer LH, Tung JS, Dappen MS (1997) Alzheimer's disease: recent advances on the amyloid hypothesis. Annu Rep Med Chem 32:11-20
202. Jones S, Manning J, Kad NM, Radford SE (2003) Amyloid-forming peptides from beta 2-microglobulin - insights into the mechanism of fibril formation in vitro. J Mol Biol 325:249-257
203. Kad NM, Myers SL, Smith DP, Smith DA, Radford SE, Thomson NH (2003) Hierarchical assembly of beta 2-microglobulin amyloid in vitro revealed by atomic force microscopy. J Mol Biol 330:785-797
204. Kagan BL, Hirakura Y, Azimov R, Azimova R (2001) The channel hypothesis of Huntington's disease. Brain Res Bull 56:281-284
205. Kallberg Y, Gustafsson M, Persson B, Thyberg J, Johansson J (2001) Prediction of amyloid fibril-forming proteins. J Biol Chem 276:12945-12950
206. Kallijärvi J, Haltia M, Baumann MH (2001) Amphoterin includes a sequence motif which is homologous to the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta), forms amyloid fibrils in vitro, and binds avidly to Abeta. Biochemistry 40:10032-10037
207. Kamenetz F, Tomita T, Hsieh H, Seabrook G, Borchelt D, Iwatsubo T, Sisodia S, Malinow R (2003) APP processing and synaptic function. Neuron 37:925-937
208. Kamihira M, Naito A, Tuzi S, Nosaka AY, Saito H (2000) Conformational transitions and fibrillation mechanism of human calcitonin as studied by high-resolution solid-state 13C NMR. Protein Sci 9:867-877
209. Kammerer RA, Kostrewa D, Zurdo J, Detken A, Garcia-Echeverria C, Green JD, Muller SA, Meier BH, Winkler FK, Dobson CM, Steinmetz MO (2004) Exploring amyloid formation by a de novo design. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:4435-4440
210. Kanazawa I (1998) Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy or Naito-Oyanagi disease. Neurogenetics 2:1-17
211. Kaneko I, Morimoto K, Kubo T (2001) Drastic neuronal loss in vivo by beta-amyloid racemized at Ser(26) residue: Conversion of non-toxic [D-Ser(26)]beta-amyloid 1-40 to toxic and proteinase-resistant fragments. Neuroscience 104:1003-1011
212. Karsai A, Martonfalvi Z, Nagy A, Grama L, Penke B, Kellermayer MS (2006) Mechanical manipulation of Alzheimer's amyloid beta 1-42 fibrils. J Struct Biol 155:316-326
213. Katsuno M, Adachi H, Tanaka F, Sobue G (2004) Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: Ligand-dependent pathogenesis and therapeutic perspectives. J Mol Med 82:298-307
214. Kaul R, Balaram P (1999) Stereochemical control of peptide folding. Bioorg Med Chem 7:105-117
215. Kawasaki S, Nishida K, Quantock AJ, Dota A, Bennett K, Kinoshita S (1999) Amyloid and Pro501 Thrmutated (beta)ig-h3 gene product colocalize in lattice corneal dystrophy type IIIA. Am J Ophthalmol 127:456-458
216. Kawooya JK, Emmons TL, Gonzalez-DeWhitt PA, Camp MC, D'Andrea SC (2003) Electrophoretic mobility of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta peptides in urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 323:103-113
217. Kay CJ (1997) Mechanochemical mechanism for peptidyl free radical generation by amyloid fibrils. FEBS Lett 403:230-235
218. Kayed R, Head E, Thompson JL, McIntire TM, Milton SC, Cotman CW, Glabe CG (2003) Common structure of soluble amyloid oligomers implies common mechanism of pathogenesis. Science 300:486-489
219. Kelly JF, Furukawa K, Barger SW, Rengen MR, Mark RJ, Blanc EM, Roth GS, Mattson MP (1996) Amyloid beta-peptide disrupts carbachol-induced muscarinic cholinergic signal transduction in cortical neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:6753-6758
220. Kelly JW, Balch WE (2003) Amyloid as a natural product. J Cell Biol 161:461-462
221. Kenney JM, Knight D, Wise MJ, Vollrath F (2002) Amyloidogenic nature of spider silk. Eur J Biochem 269:4159-4163
222. Kiefhaber T (1995) Kinetic traps in lysozyme folding. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:9029-9033
223. Kim JL, Nikolov DB, Burley SK (1993a) Co-crystal structure of TBP recognizing the minor groove of a TATA element. Nature 365:520-527
224. Kim Y, Geiger JH, Hahn S, Sigler PB (1993b) Crystal structure of a yeast TBP/TATA-box complex. Nature 365:512-520
225. Kim YS, Randolph TW, Stevens FJ, Carpenter JF (2002) Kinetics and energetics of assembly, nucleation, and growth of aggregates and fibrils for an amyloidogenic protein. Insights into transition states from pressure, temperature, and co-solute studies. J Biol Chem 277:27240-27246
226. Kirkitadze MD, Condron MM, Teplow DB (2001) Identification and characterization of key kinetic intermediates in amyloid beta-protein fibrillogenesis. J Mol Biol 312:1103-1119
227. Kishikawa M, Nakanishi T, Miyazaki A, Hatanaka M, Shimizu A, Tamoto S, Ohsawa N, Hayashi H, Kanai M (1998) A new nonamyloid transthyretin variant, G101S, detected by electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Mutations in brief No. 201. Online. Hum Mutat 12:363
228. Kishikawa M, Sass JO, Sakura N, Nakanishi T, Shimizu A, Yoshioka M (2002) The peak height ratio of S-sulfonated transthyretin and other oxidized isoforms as a marker for molybdenum cofactor deficiency, measured by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Biochim Biophys Acta 1588:135-138
229. Kishimoto A, Hasegawa K, Suzuki H, Taguchi H, Namba K, Yoshida M (2004) beta-Helix is a likely core structure of yeast prion Sup35 amyloid fibers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 315:739-745
230. Kiuru S (1998) Gelsolin-related familial amyloidosis, Finnish type (FAF), and its variants found worldwide. Amyloid 5:55-66
231. Klein WL, Stine WB Jr, Teplow DB (2004) Small assemblies of unmodified amyloid beta-protein are the proximate neurotoxin in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 25:569-580
232. Klunk WE, Jacob RF, Mason RP (1999) Quantifying amyloid by Congo red spectral shift assay. Methods Enzymol 309:285-305
233. Knauer MF, Soreghan B, Burdick D, Kosmoski J, Glabe CG (1992) Intracellular accumulation and resistance to degradation of the Alzheimer amyloid A4/beta protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:7437-7441
234. Knight JD, Hebda JA, Miranker AD (2006) Conserved and cooperative assembly of membrane-bound alphahelical states of islet amyloid polypeptide. Biochemistry 45:9496-9508
235. Koga T, Taguchi K, Kobuke Y, Kinoshita T, Higuchi M (2003) Structural regulation of a peptide-conjugated graft copolymer: A simple model for amyloid formation. Chemistry 9:1146-1156
236. Konno T (2001) Multistep nucleus formation and a separate subunit contribution of the amyloidgenesis of heat-denatured monellin. Protein Sci 10:2093-2101
237. Koscielska-Kasprzak K, Otlewski J (2003) Amyloid-forming peptides selected proteolytically from phage display library. Protein Sci 12:1675-1685
238. Kotilinek LA, Bacskai B, Westerman M, Kawarabayashi T, Younkin L, Hyman BT, Younkin S, Ashe KH (2002) Reversible memory loss in a mouse transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci 22:6331-6335
239. Kowalewski T, Holtzman DM (1999) In situ atomic force microscopy study of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide on different substrates: New insights into mechanism of beta-sheet formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:3688-3693
240. Kranenburg O, Kroon-Batenburg LM, Reijerkerk A,Wu YP, Voest EE, Gebbink MF (2003) Recombinant endostatin forms amyloid fibrils that bind and are cytotoxic to murine neuroblastoma cells in vitro. FEBS Lett 539:149-155
241. Krebs MR, Wilkins DK, Chung EW, Pitkeathly MC, Chamberlain AK, Zurdo J, Robinson CV, Dobson CM (2000) Formation and seeding of amyloid fibrils from wild-type hen lysozyme and a peptide fragment from the beta-domain. J Mol Biol 300:541-549
242. Kubo T, Nishimura S, Kumagae Y, Kaneko I (2002) In vivo conversion of racemized beta-amyloid ([D-Ser 26]A beta 1-40) to truncated and toxic fragments ([D-Ser 26]A beta 25-35/40) and fragment presence in the brains of Alzheimer's patients. J Neurosci Res 70:474-483
243. Kumita JR, Weston CJ, Choo-Smith LP, Woolley GA, Smart OS (2003) Prevention of peptide fibril formation in an aqueous environment by mutation of a single residue to Aib. Biochemistry 42:4492-4498
244. Kwiatkowski DJ, Stossel TP, Orkin SH, Mole JE, Colten HR, Yin HL (1986) Plasma and cytoplasmic gelsolins are encoded by a single gene and contain a duplicated actin-binding domain. Nature 323:455-458
245. La Spada AR, Taylor JP (2003) Polyglutamines placed into context. Neuron 38:681-684
246. Lachmann HJ, Hawkins PN (2006) Systemic amyloidosis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 6:214-220
247. Lansbury PT Jr, Costa PR, Griffiths JM, Simon EJ, Auger M, Halverson KJ, Kocisko DA, Hendsch ZS, Ashburn TT, Spencer RG, et al (1995) Structural model for the beta-amyloid fibril based on interstrand alignment of an antiparallel-sheet comprising a C-terminal peptide. Nat Struct Biol 2:990-998
248. Lashuel HA, LaBrenz SR,Woo L, Serpell LC, Kelly JW (2000) Protofilaments, filaments, ribbons, and fibrils from peptidomimetic self-assembly: Implications for amyloid fibril formation and materials science. J Am Chem Soc 122:5262-5277
249. Lavrikova MA, Zamotin VV, Malisauskas M, Chertkova RV, Kostanyan IA, Dolgikh DA, Kirpichnikov MP, Morozova-Roche LA (2006) Amyloidogenic properties of the artificial protein albebetin and its biologically active derivatives. The role of electrostatic interactions in fibril formation. Biochemistry (Mosc) 71:306-314
250. Lebre AS, Brice A (2003) Spinocerebellar ataxia 7 (SCA7). Cytogenet Genome Res 100:154-163
251. Lee AS, Galea C, DiGiammarino EL, Jun B, Murti G, Ribeiro RC, Zambetti G, Schultz CP, Kriwacki RW (2003) Reversible amyloid formation by the p53 tetramerization domain and a cancer-associated mutant. J Mol Biol 327:699-709
252. LeVine H 3rd (1999) Quantification of beta-sheet amyloid fibril structures with thioflavin T. Methods Enzymol 309:274-284
253. Lieberman M, Sasaki TJ (1991) Iron(II) organizes a synthetic peptide into three-helix bundles. J Am Chem Soc 113:1470-1471
254. Lim A, Makhov AM, Bond J, Inouye H, Connors LH, Griffith JD, Erickson BW, Kirschner DA, Costello CE (2000) Betabellins 15D and 16D, de novo designed beta-sandwich proteins that have amyloidogenic properties. J Struct Biol 130:363-370
255. Lim A, Prokaeva T, McComb ME, Connors LH, Skinner M, Costello CE (2003a) Identification of S-sulfonation and S-thiolation of a novel transthyretin Phe33Cys variant from a patient diagnosed with familial transthyretin amyloidosis. Protein Sci 12:1775-1785
256. Lim A, Sengupta S, McComb ME, Theberge R,Wilson WG, Costello CE, Jacobsen DW(2003b) In vitro and in vivo interactions of homocysteine with human plasma transthyretin. J Biol Chem 278:49707-49713
257. Limprasert P, Nouri N, Nopparatana C, Deininger PL, Keats BJ (1997) Comparative studies of the CAG repeats in the spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) gene. Am J Med Genet 74:488-493
258. Linke RP, Joswig R, Murphy CL, Wang S, Zhou H, Gross U, Rocken C, Westermark P, Weiss DT, Solomon A (2005) Senile seminal vesicle amyloid is derived from semenogelin I. J Lab Clin Med 145:187-193
259. Litvinovich SV, Brew SA, Aota S, Akiyama SK, Haudenschild C, Ingham KC (1998) Formation of amyloid-like fibrils by self-association of a partially unfolded fibronectin type III module. J Mol Biol 280:245-258
260. Liu W, Crocker E, Zhang W, Elliott JI, Luy B, Li H, Aimoto S, Smith SO (2005) Structural role of glycine in amyloid fibrils formed from transmembrane alpha-helices. Biochemistry 44:3591-3597
261. Loferer H, Hammar M, Normark S (1997) Availability of the fibre subunit CsgA and the nucleator protein CsgB during assembly of fibronectin-binding curli is limited by the intracellular concentration of the novel lipoprotein CsgG. Mol Microbiol 26:11-23
262. Lomakin A, Chung DS, Benedek GB, Kirschner DA, Teplow DB (1996) On the nucleation and growth of amyloid beta-protein fibrils: Detection of nuclei and quantitation of rate constants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 93:1125-1129
263. Lopez de la Paz ML, Serrano L (2004) Sequence determinants of amyloid fibril formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:87-92
264. Lopez de la Paz M, Goldie K, Zurdo J, Lacroix E, Dobson CM, Hoenger A, Serrano L (2002) De novo designed peptide-based amyloid fibrils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:16052-16057
265. Lopez de la Paz M, de Mori GM, Serrano L, Colombo G (2005) Sequence dependence of amyloid fibril formation: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Biol 349:583-596
266. Losic D, Martin LL, Mechler A, Aguilar MI, Small DH (2006) High resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy of the beta-amyloid protein (Abeta 1-40) of Alzheimer's disease suggests a novel mechanism of oligomer assembly. J Struct Biol 155:104-110
267. Loughlin WA, Tyndall JD, Glenn MP, Fairlie DP (2004) Beta-strand mimetics. Chem Rev 104:6085-6117
268. Luhrs T, Ritter C, Adrian M, Riek-Loher D, Bohrmann B, Dobeli H, Schubert D, Riek R (2005) 3D structure of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta(1-42) fibrils. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:17342-17347
269. Ma B, Nussinov R (2002) Molecular dynamics simulations of alanine rich beta-sheet oligomers: Insight into amyloid formation. Protein Sci 11:2335-2350
270. Mackay JP, Matthews JM, Winefield RD, Mackay LG, Haverkamp RG, Templeton MD (2001) The hydrophobin EAS is largely unstructured in solution and functions by forming amyloid-like structures. Structure 9:83-91
271. Makin OS, Serpell LC (2002) Examining the structure of the mature amyloid fibril. Biochem Soc Trans 30:521-525
272. Makin OS, Serpell LC (2005) Structures for amyloid fibrils. FEBS J 272:5950-5961
273. Malinchik SB, Inouye H, Szumowski KE, Kirschner DA (1998) Structural analysis of Alzheimer's beta(1-40) amyloid: Protofilament assembly of tubular fibrils. Biophys J 74:537-545
274. Malisauskas M, Zamotin V, Jass J, Noppe W, Dobson CM, Morozova-Roche LA (2003) Amyloid protofilaments from the calcium-binding protein equine lysozyme: Formation of ring and linear structures depends on pH and metal ion concentration. J Mol Biol 330:879-890
275. Mantuano E, Veneziano L, Jodice C, Frontali M(2003) Spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 and episodic ataxia type 2: Differences and similarities between two allelic disorders. Cytogenet Genome Res 100:147-153
276. Markesbery WR (1997) Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic BiolMed 23:134-147
277. Marks MS, Seabra MC (2001) The melanosome: Membrane dynamics in black and white. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2:738-748
278. Massi F, Straub JE (2001) Energy landscape theory for Alzheimer's amyloid beta-peptide fibril elongation. Proteins 42:217-229
279. Matsunaga N, Anan I, Forsgren S, Nagai R, Rosenberg P, Horiuchi S, Ando Y, Suhr OB (2002) Advanced glycation end products (AGE) and the receptor for AGE are present in gastrointestinal tract of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients but do not induce NF-kappaB activation. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 104:441-447
280. Mattson MP (2004) Pathways towards and away from Alzheimer's disease. Nature 430:631-639
281. Maury CP (1991) Gelsolin-related amyloidosis. Identification of the amyloid protein in Finnish hereditary amyloidosis as a fragment of variant gelsolin. J Clin Invest 87:1195-1199
282. Maury CP, Nurmiaho-Lassila EL, Rossi H (1994) Amyloid fibril formation in gelsolin-derived amyloidosis. Definition of the amyloidogenic region and evidence of accelerated amyloid formation of mutant Asn-187 and Tyr-187 gelsolin peptides. Lab Invest 70:558-564
283. Maury CP, Nurmiaho-Lassila EL, Liljestrom M (1997) Alzheimer's disease-associated presenilins 1 and 2: Accelerated amyloid fibril formation of mutant 410 Cys→Tyr and 141 Asn→Ile peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 235:249-252
284. Maury CP, Nurmiaho-Lassila EL, Boysen G, Liljestrom M (2003) Fibrillogenesis in gelsolin-related familial amyloidosis. Amyloid 10(Suppl 1):21-25
285. McDuff FO, Doucet A, Beauregard M (2004) Low concentration of guanidine hydrochloride induces the formation of an aggregation-prone state in alpha-urease. Biochem Cell Biol 82:305-313
286. Meehan S, Berry Y, Luisi B, Dobson CM, Carver JA, MacPhee CE (2004) Amyloid fibril formation by lens crystallin proteins and its implications for cataract formation. J Biol Chem 279:3413-3419
287. Merlini G, Westermark P (2004) The systemic amyloidoses: Clearer understanding of the molecular mechanisms offers hope for more effective therapies. J Intern Med 255:159-178
288. Michelitsch MD, Weissman JS (2000) A census of glutamine/asparagine-rich regions: Implications for their conserved function and the prediction of novel prions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:11910-11915
289. Michne WF, Schroeder JD (1996) Design and synthesis of a beta-strand inducer. Application to ICAM-1/LFA-1 mediated cellular adhesion. Int J Pept Protein Res 47:2-8
290. Mira H, Vilar M, Esteve V, Martinell M, Kogan MJ, Giralt E, Salom D, Mingarro I, Penarrubia L, Perez-Paya E (2004) Ionic self-complementarity induces amyloid-like fibril formation in an isolated domain of a plant copper metallochaperone protein. BMC Struct Biol 4:7
291. Miura T, Mitani S, Takanashi C, Mochizuki N (2004) Copper selectively triggers beta-sheet assembly of an N-terminally truncated amyloid beta-peptide beginning with Glu3. J Inorg Biochem 98:10-14
292. Modler AJ, Gast K, Lutsch G, Damaschun G (2003) Assembly of amyloid protofibrils via critical oligomers - a novel pathway of amyloid formation. J Mol Biol 325:135-148
293. Monti M, Garolla di Bard BL, Calloni G, Chiti F, Amoresano A, Ramponi G, Pucci P (2004) The regions of the sequence most exposed to the solvent within the amyloidogenic state of a protein initiate the aggregation process. J Mol Biol 336:253-262
294. Morel B, Casares S, Conejero-Lara F (2006) A single mutation induces amyloid aggregation in the alpha-spectrin SH3 domain: Analysis of the early stages of fibril formation. J Mol Biol 356:453-468
295. Morgan CJ, Gelfand M, Atreya C, Miranker AD (2001) Kidney dialysis-associated amyloidosis: A molecular role for copper in fiber formation. J Mol Biol 309:339-345
296. Murphy RM (2002) Peptide aggregation in neurodegenerative disease. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 4:155-174
297. Mutter M, Vuilleumier S (1989) A chemical approach to protein design - template-assembled synthetic proteins (TASPs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 28:535-554
298. Myers JK, Pace CN, Scholtz JM (1998) Trifluoroethanol effects on helix propensity and electrostatic interactions in the helical peptide from ribonuclease T1. Protein Sci 7:383-388
299. Naito A, Kamihira M, Inoue R, Saito H (2004) Structural diversity of amyloid fibril formed in human calcitonin as revealed by site-directed 13C solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Chem 42:247-257
300. Nakagawa Asahina S, Fujiki K, Enomoto Y, Murakami A, Kanai A (2004) Case of late onset and isolated lattice corneal dystrophy with Asn544Ser (N544S) mutation of transforming growth factor beta-induced (TGFBI, BIGH3) gene. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi 108:618-620
301. Nakamura K, Jeong SY, Uchihara T, Anno M, Nagashima K, Nagashima T, Ikeda S, Tsuji S, Kanazawa I (2001) SCA17, a novel autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia caused by an expanded polyglutamine in TATA-binding protein. Hum Mol Genet 10:1441-1448
302. Nelson R, Sawaya MR, Balbirnie M, Madsen AO, Riekel C, Grothe R, Eisenberg D (2005) Structure of the cross-beta spine of amyloid-like fibrils. Nature 435:773-778
303. Nettleton EJ, Tito P, Sunde M, Bouchard M, Dobson CM, Robinson CV (2000) Characterization of the oligomeric states of insulin in self-assembly and amyloid fibril formation by mass spectrometry. Biophys J 79:1053-1065
304. Nichols MR, Moss MA, Reed DK, Lin WL, Mukhopadhyay R, Hoh JH, Rosenberry TL (2002) Growth of beta-amyloid(1-40) protofibrils by monomer elongation and lateral association. Characterization of distinct products by light scattering and atomic force microscopy. Biochemistry 41:6115-6127
305. Niewold TA, Murphy CL, Hulskamp-Koch CA, Tooten PC, Gruys E (1999) Casein related amyloid, characterization of a new and unique amyloid protein isolated from bovine corpora amylacea. Amyloid 6:244-249
306. Nikolov DB, Chen H, Halay ED, Usheva AA, Hisatake K, Lee DK, Roeder RG, Burley SK (1995) Crystal structure of a TFIIB-TBP-TATA-element ternary complex. Nature 377:119-128
307. Nilsson G, Gustafsson M, Vandenbussche G, Veldhuizen E, Griffiths WJ, Sjovall J, Haagsman HP, Ruysschaert JM, Robertson B, Curstedt T, Johansson J (1998) Synthetic peptide-containing surfactants - evaluation of transmembrane versus amphipathic helices and surfactant protein C poly-valyl to polyleucyl substitution. Eur J Biochem 255:116-124
308. Nilsson M, Wang X, Rodziewicz-Motowidlo S, Janowski R, Lindstrom V, Onnerfjord P, Westermark G, Grzonka Z, JaskolskiM, Grubb A (2004) Prevention of domain swapping inhibits dimerization and amyloid fibril formation of cystatin C - Use of engineered disulfide bridges, antibodies, and carboxymethylpapain to stabilize the monomeric form of cystatin C. J Biol Chem 279:24236-24245
309. Nilsson MR, Dobson CM (2003) In vitro characterization of lactoferrin aggregation and amyloid formation. Biochemistry 42:375-382
310. Nilsson MR, Raleigh DP (1999) Analysis of amylin cleavage products provides new insights into the amyloidogenic region of human amylin. J Mol Biol 294:1375-1385
311. Nilsson MR, Driscoll M, Raleigh DP (2002) Low levels of asparagine deamidation can have a dramatic effect on aggregation of amyloidogenic peptides: Implications for the study of amyloid formation. Protein Sci 11:342-349
312. O'Neil KT, DeGrado WF (1990) A thermodynamic scale for the helix-forming tendencies of the commonly occurring amino acids. Science 250:646-651
313. O'Nuallain B, Williams AD, Westermark P, Wetzel R (2004) Seeding specificity in amyloid growth induced by heterologous fibrils. J Biol Chem 279:17490-17499
314. Oddo S, Caccamo A, Shepherd JD, Murphy MP, Golde TE, Kayed R, Metherate R, Mattson MP, Akbari Y, LaFerla FM (2003) Triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease with plaques and tangles: Intracellular Abeta and synaptic dysfunction. Neuron 39:409-421
315. Oddo S, Billings L, Kesslak JP, Cribbs DH, LaFerla FM (2004) Abeta immunotherapy leads to clearance of early, but not late, hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates via the proteasome. Neuron 43:321-332
316. Oddo S, Caccamo A, Smith IF, Green KN, LaFerla FM (2006) A dynamic relationship between intracellular and extracellular pools of Abeta. Am J Pathol 168:184-194
317. Ohashi K, Kisilevsky R, Yanagishita M (2002) Affinity binding of glycosaminoglycans with beta(2)-microglobulin. Nephron 90:158-168
318. Olsen A, Jonsson A, Normark S (1989) Fibronectin binding mediated by a novel class of surface organelles on Escherichia coli. Nature 338:652-655
319. Olsen A, Wick MJ, Morgelin M, Bjorck L (1998) Curli, fibrous surface proteins of Escherichia coli, interact with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Infect Immun 66:944-949
320. Otzen DE, Oliveberg M(1999) Salt-induced detour through compact regions of the protein folding landscape. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11746-11751
321. Otzen DE, Kristensen O, Oliveberg M (2000) Designed protein tetramer zipped together with a hydrophobic Alzheimer homology: A structural clue to amyloid assembly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:9907-9912
322. Oyanagi S (2000) Hereditary dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy. Neuropathology 20(Suppl):S42-S46
323. Päiviö A, Nordling E, Kallberg Y, Thyberg J, Johansson J (2004) Stabilization of discordant helices in amyloid fibril-forming proteins. Protein Sci 13:1251-1259
324. Pallitto MM, Murphy RM (2001) A mathematical model of the kinetics of beta-amyloid fibril growth from the denatured state. Biophys J 81:1805-1822
325. Parrini C, Taddei N, Ramazzotti M, Degl'Innocenti D, Ramponi G, Dobson CM, Chiti F (2005) Glycine residues appear to be evolutionarily conserved for their ability to inhibit aggregation. Structure (Camb) 13:1143-1151
326. Pavlov NA, Cherny DI, Heim G, Jovin TM, Subramaniam V (2002) Amyloid fibrils from the mammalian protein prothymosin alpha. FEBS Lett 517:37-40
327. Pawar AP, Dubay KF, Zurdo J, Chiti F, Vendruscolo M, Dobson CM (2005) Prediction of "aggregationprone" and "aggregation-susceptible" regions in proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. J Mol Biol 350:379-392
328. Pengo P, Pasquato L, Moro S, Brigo A, Fogolari F, Broxterman QB, Kaptein B, Scrimin P (2003) Quantitative correlation of solvent polarity with the alpha-/3(10)-helix equilibrium: A heptapeptide behaves as a solvent-driven molecular spring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 42:3388-3392
329. Pepys MB, Rademacher TW, Amatayakul-Chantler S, Williams P, Noble GE, Hutchinson WL, Hawkins PN, Nelson SR, Gallimore JR, Herbert J, et al (1994) Human serum amyloid P component is an invariant constituent of amyloid deposits and has a uniquely homogeneous glycostructure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:5602-5606
330. Pertinhez TA, Bouchard M, Tomlinson EJ, Wain R, Ferguson SJ, Dobson CM, Smith LJ (2001) Amyloid fibril formation by a helical cytochrome. FEBS Lett 495:184-186
331. Pertinhez TA, Bouchard M, Smith RA, Dobson CM, Smith LJ (2002) Stimulation and inhibition of fibril formation by a peptide in the presence of different concentrations of SDS. FEBS Lett 529:193-197
332. Perutz MF, Johnson T, Suzuki M, Finch JT (1994) Glutamine repeats as polar zippers - their possible role in inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:5355-5358
333. Perutz MF, Finch JT, Berriman J, Lesk A (2002a) Amyloid fibers are water-filled nanotubes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:5591-5595
334. Perutz MF, Pope BJ, Owen D, Wanker EE, Scherzinger E (2002b) Aggregation of proteins with expanded glutamine and alanine repeats of the glutamine-rich and asparagine-rich domains of Sup35 and of the amyloid beta-peptide of amyloid plaques. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:5596-5600
335. Petchanikow C, Saborio GP, Anderes L, Frossard MJ, Olmedo MI, Soto C (2001) Biochemical and structural studies of the prion protein polymorphism. FEBS Lett 509:451-456
336. Petkova AT, Ishii Y, Balbach JJ, Antzutkin ON, Leapman RD, Delaglio F, Tycko R (2002) A structural model for Alzheimer's beta-amyloid fibrils based on experimental constraints from solid state NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:16742-16747
337. Petkova AT, Buntkowsky G, Dyda F, Leapman RD, Yau WM, Tycko R (2004) Solid state NMR reveals a pH-dependent antiparallel beta-sheet registry in fibrils formed by a beta-amyloid peptide. J Mol Biol 335:247-260
338. Pettersson TM, Carlstrom A, Ehrenberg A, Jornvall H (1989) Transthyretin microheterogeneity and thyroxine binding are influenced by non-amino acid components and glutathione constituents. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 158:341-347
339. Pike CJ, Walencewicz-Wasserman AJ, Kosmoski J, Cribbs DH, Glabe CG, Cotman CW (1995) Structureactivity analyses of beta-amyloid peptides: contributions of the beta 25-35 region to aggregation and neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 64:253-265
340. Plakoutsi G, Taddei N, Stefani M, Chiti F (2004) Aggregation of the Acylphosphatase from Sulfolobus solfataricus: The folded and partially unfolded states can both be precursors for amyloid formation. J Biol Chem 279:14111-14119
341. Podesta A, Tiana G, Milani P, Manno M (2006) Early events in insulin fibrillization studied by time-lapse atomic force microscopy. Biophys J 90:589-597
342. Polverino de Laureto P, Taddei N, Frare E, Capanni C, Costantini S, Zurdo J, Chiti F, Dobson CM, Fontana A (2003) Protein aggregation and amyloid fibril formation by an SH3 domain probed by limited proteolysis. J Mol Biol 334:129-141
343. Porat Y, Stepensky A, Ding FX, Naider F, Gazit E (2003) Completely different amyloidogenic potential of nearly identical peptide fragments. Biopolymers 69:161-164
344. Prusiner SB, DeArmond SJ (1994) Prion diseases and neurodegeneration. Annu Rev Neurosci 17:311-339
345. Qian Y, Blaskovich MA, Saleem M, Seong CM, Wathen SP, Hamilton AD, Sebti SM (1994) Design and structural requirements of potent peptidomimetic
346. Ramirez-Alvarado M, Merkel JS, Regan L (2000) A systematic exploration of the influence of the protein stability on amyloid fibril formation in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:8979-8984
347. Rankin J, Wyttenbach A, Rubinsztein DC (2000) Intracellular green fluorescent protein-polyalanine aggregates are associated with cell death. Biochem J 348:15-19
348. Raposo G, Marks MS (2002) The dark side of lysosome-related organelles: specialization of the endocytic pathway for melanosome biogenesis. Traffic 3:237-248
349. Rasia RM, Bertoncini CW, Marsh D, Hoyer W, Cherny D, Zweckstetter M, Griesinger C, Jovin TM, Fernandez CO (2005) Structural characterization of copper(II) binding to alpha-synuclein: Insights into the bioinorganic chemistry of Parkinson's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:4294-4299
350. Rauk A, Armstrong DA, Fairlie DP (2000) Is oxidative damage by beta-amyloid and prion peptides mediated by hydrogen atom transfer from glycine alpha-carbon to methionine sulfur within beta-sheets? J Am Chem Soc 122:9761-9767
351. Raumann BE, Rould MA, Pabo CO, Sauer RT (1994) DNA recognition by beta-sheets in the Arc repressoroperator crystal structure. Nature 367:754-757
352. Reches M, Gazit E (2003) Casting metal nanowires within discrete self-assembled peptide nanotubes. Science 300:625-627
353. Reches M, Porat Y, Gazit E (2002) Amyloid fibril formation by pentapeptide and tetrapeptide fragments of human calcitonin. J Biol Chem 277:35475-35480
354. Relini A, Torrassa S, Rolandi R, Gliozzi A, Rosano C, Canale C, Bolognesi M, Plakoutsi G, Bucciantini M, Chiti F, Stefani M (2004) Monitoring the process of HypF fibrillization and liposome permeabilization by protofibrils. J Mol Biol 338:943-957
355. Richardson JS, Richardson DC (2002) Natural β-sheet proteins use negative design to avoid edge-to-edge aggregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:2754-2759
356. Rocken C, Becker K, Fandrich M, Schroeckh V, Stix B, Rath T, Kahne T, Dierkes J, Roessner A, Albert FW (2006) ALys amyloidosis caused by compound heterozygosity in exon 2 (Thr70Asn) and exon 4 (Trp112Arg) of the lysozyme gene. Hum Mutat 27:119-120
357. Rosen DR, Siddique T, Patterson D, Figlewicz DA, Sapp P, Hentati A, Donaldson D, Goto J, O'Regan JP, Deng HX, et al (1993) Mutations in Cu/ Zn superoxide dismutase gene are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nature 362:59-62
358. Ross CA (2002) Polyglutamine pathogenesis: Emergence of unifying mechanisms for Huntington's disease and related disorders. Neuron 35:819-822
359. Rowland LP, Shneider NA (2001) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N Engl J Med 344:1688-1700
360. Sadqi M, Hernandez F, Pan U, Perez M, Schaeberle MD, Avila J, Munoz V (2002) Alpha-helix structure in Alzheimer's disease aggregates of tau-protein. Biochemistry 41:7150-7155
361. Sanchez de Groot N, Pallares I, Aviles FX, Vendrell J, Ventura S (2005) Prediction of "hot spots" of aggregation in disease-linked polypeptides. BMC Struct Biol 5:18
362. Sasaki T, Kaiser ET (1989) Helichrome: Synthesis and enzymic activity of a designed hemeprotein. J Am Chem Soc 111:380-381
363. Schaffar G, Breuer P, Boteva R, Behrends C, Tzvetkov N, Strippel N, Sakahira H, Siegers K, Hayer-Hartl M, Hartl FU (2004) Cellular toxicity of polyglutamine expansion proteins; mechanism of transcription factor deactivation. Mol Cell 15:95-105
364. Scheibel T, Bloom J, Lindquist SL (2004) The elongation of yeast prion fibers involves separable steps of association and conversion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:2287-2292
365. Schmidt AM, Yan SD, Yan SF, Stern DM (2000) The biology of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligands. Biochim Biophys Acta 1498:99-111
366. Schmitt-Bernard CF, Chavanieu A, Derancourt J, Arnaud B, Demaille JG, Calas B, Argiles A (2000) In vitro creation of amyloid fibrils from native and Arg124Cys mutated betaIGH3 (110-131) peptides, and its relevance for lattice corneal amyloid dystrophy type I. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 273:649-653
367. Schmittschmitt JP, Scholtz JM (2003) The role of protein stability, solubility, and net charge in amyloid fibril formation. Protein Sci 12:2374-2378
368. Scholtz JM, Baldwin RL (1992) The mechanism of alpha-helix formation by peptides. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 21:95-118
369. Schwartz R, Istrail S, King J (2001) Frequencies of amino acid strings in globular protein sequences indicate suppression of blocks of consecutive hydrophobic residues. Protein Sci 10:1023-1031
370. Schwarz-Linek U, Werner JM, Pickford AR, Gurusiddappa S, Kim JH, Pilka ES, Briggs JA, Gough TS, Hook M, Campbell ID, Potts JR (2003) Pathogenic bacteria attach to human fibronectin through a tandem betazipper. Nature 423:177-181
371. Selkoe DJ (2003) Folding proteins in fatal ways. Nature 426:900-904
372. Serpell LC (2000) Alzheimer's amyloid fibrils: Structure and assembly. Biochim Biophys Acta 1502:16-30
373. Serpell LC, Fraser PE, Sunde M (1999) X-ray fiber diffraction of amyloid fibrils.Methods Enzymol 309:526-536
374. Serpell LC, Berriman J, Jakes R, Goedert M, Crowther RA (2000) Fiber diffraction of synthetic alphasynuclein filaments shows amyloid-like cross-beta conformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:4897-4902
375. Seymour JF, Presneill JJ (2002) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: Progress in the first 44 years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 166:215-235
376. Shehi E, Fusi P, Secundo F, Pozzuolo S, Bairati A, Tortora P (2003) Temperature-dependent, irreversible formation of amyloid fibrils by a soluble human ataxin-3 carrying a moderately expanded polyglutamine stretch (Q36). Biochemistry 42:14626-14632
377. Shibata A, Yamamoto M, Yamashita T, Chiou JS, Kamaya H, Ueda I (1992) Biphasic effects of alcohols on the phase transition of poly (L-Lysine) between alpha-helix and beta-sheet conformations. Biochemistry 31:5728-733
378. Shimizu A, Yamada Y, Mizuta T, Haseba T, Sugaia S (2004) The contribution of the dynamic behavior of a water molecule to the amyloid formation of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. J Mol Liquids 109:45-52
379. Shortle D, Stites WE, Meeker AK (1990) Contributions of the large hydrophobic amino acids to the stability of staphylococcal nuclease. Biochemistry 29:8033-8041
380. Shtilerman MD, Ding TT, Lansbury PT Jr (2002) Molecular crowding accelerates fibrillization of alphasynuclein: Could an increase in the cytoplasmic protein concentration induce Parkinson's disease? Biochemistry 41:3855-3860
381. Si K, Lindquist S, Kandel ER (2003) A neuronal isoform of the aplysia CPEB has prion-like properties. Cell 115:879-891
382. Siemer AB, Ritter C, Ernst M, Riek R, Meier BH (2005) High-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy of the prion protein HET-s in its amyloid conformation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 44:2441-2444
383. Sikorski P, Atkins ED, Serpell LC (2003) Structure and texture of fibrous crystals formed by Alzheimer's Abeta(11-25) peptide fragment. Structure (Camb) 11:915-926
384. Singh R, Barden A, Mori T, Beilin L (2001) Advanced glycation end-products: A review. Diabetologia 44:129-146
385. Sinha N, Tsai CJ, Nussinov R (2001) A proposed structural model for amyloid fibril elongation: Domain swapping forms an interdigitating beta-structure polymer. Protein Eng 14:93-103
386. Sirangelo I, Malmo C, Iannuzzi C, Mezzogiorno A, Bianco MR, Papa M, Irace G (2004) Fibrillogenesis and cytotoxic activity of the amyloid-forming apomyoglobin mutant W7FW14F. J Biol Chem 279:13183-13189
387. Solomon A, Frangione B, Franklin EC (1982) Bence Jones proteins and light chain of immunoglobulins. Preferential association of the gamma VI subgroup of human light chains with amyloidosis AL. J Clin Invest 70:453-460
388. Solomon A, Murphy CL, Weaver K, Weiss DT, Hrncic R, Eulitz M, Donnell RL, Sletten K, Westermark G, Westermark P (2003) Calcifying epithelial odontogenic (Pindborg) tumor-associated amyloid consists of a novel human protein. J Lab Clin Med 142:348-355
389. Somers WS, Phillips SE (1992) Crystal structure of the met repressor-operator complex at 2.8 Å resolution reveals DNA recognition by beta-strands. Nature 359:387-393
390. Soreghan B, Kosmoski J, Glabe C (1994) Surfactant properties of Alzheimer's A beta peptides and the mechanism of amyloid aggregation. J Biol Chem 269:28551-28554
391. Soto C, Castano EM, Kumar RA, Beavis RC, Frangione B (1995) Fibrillogenesis of synthetic amyloid-beta peptides is dependent on their initial secondary structure. Neurosci Lett 200:105-108
392. Souillac PO, Uversky VN, Fink AL (2003) Structural transformations of oligomeric intermediates in the fibrillation of the immunoglobulin light chain LEN. Biochemistry 42:8094-8104
393. Srisailam S, Wang HM, Kumar TK, Rajalingam D, Sivaraja V, Sheu HS, Chang YC, Yu C (2002) Amyloidlike fibril formation in an all beta-barrel protein involves the formation of partially structured intermediate(s). J Biol Chem 277:19027-19036
394. Srisailam S, Kumar TK, Rajalingam D, Kathir KM, Sheu HS, Jan FJ, Chao PC, Yu C (2003) Amyloid-like fibril formation in an all beta-barrel protein. Partially structured intermediate state(s) is a precursor for fibril formation. J Biol Chem 278:17701-17709
395. Stefani M, Dobson CM (2003) Protein aggregation and aggregate toxicity: new insights into protein folding, misfolding diseases and biological evolution. J Mol Med 81:678-699
396. Storkel S, Schneider HM, Muntefering H, Kashiwagi S (1983) Iatrogenic, insulin-dependent, local amyloidosis. Lab Invest 48:108-111
397. Suk JY, Zhang F, Balch WE, Linhardt RJ, Kelly JW (2006) Heparin accelerates gelsolin amyloidogenesis. Biochemistry 45:2234-2242
398. Tahmassebi DC, Sasaki T (1998) Synthesis of a three-helix bundle protein by reductive amination. J Org Chem 63:728-731
399. Takahashi Y, Ueno A, Mihara H (2002) Amyloid architecture: Complementary assembly of heterogeneous combinations of three or four peptides into amyloid fibrils. Chembiochem 3:637-642
400. Tcherkasskaya O, Sanders W, Chynwat V, Davidson EA, Orser CS (2003) The role of hydrophobic interactions in amyloidogenesis: Example of prion-related polypeptides. J Biomol Struct Dyn 21:353-365
401. Tenidis K, Waldner M, Bernhagen J, Fischle W, Bergmann M, Weber M, Merkle ML, Voelter W, Brunner H, Kapurniotu A (2000) Identification of a penta- and hexapeptide of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) with amyloidogenic and cytotoxic properties. J Mol Biol 295:1055-1071
402. Terazaki H, Ando Y, Suhr O, Ohlsson PI, Obayashi K, Yamashita T, Yoshimatsu S, SugaM, Uchino M, Ando M (1998) Post-translational modification of transthyretin in plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 249:26-30
403. Tian X, Fujiki K, Wang W, Murakami A, Xie P, Kanai A, Liu Z (2005) Novel mutation (V505D) of the TGFBI gene found in a Chinese family with lattice corneal dystrophy, type I. Jpn J Ophthalmol 49:84-88
404. Tjernberg L, Hosia W, Bark N, Thyberg J, Johansson J (2002) Charge attraction and beta propensity are necessary for amyloid fibril formation from tetrapeptides. J Biol Chem 277:43243-43246
405. Tjernberg LO, Naslund J, Lindqvist F, Johansson J, Karlstrom AR, Thyberg J, Terenius L, Nordstedt C (1996) Arrest of beta-amyloid fibril formation by a pentapeptide ligand. J Biol Chem 271:8545-8548
406. Tjernberg LO, Callaway DJ, Tjernberg A, Hahne S, Lilliehook C, Terenius L, Thyberg J, Nordstedt C (1999) A molecular model of Alzheimer amyloid beta-peptide fibril formation. J Biol Chem 274:12619-12625
407. Tomiyama T, Asano S, Furiya Y, Shirasawa T, Endo N, Mori H (1994) Racemization of Asp23 residue affects the aggregation properties of Alzheimer amyloid beta protein analogues. J Biol Chem 269:10205-10208
408. Toniolo C, Benedetti E (1991) The polypeptide 310-helix. Trends Biochem Sci 16:350-353
409. Toniolo C, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Valle G, Cavicchioni G, Precigoux G, Aubry A, Kamphuis J (1993) Structures of peptides from alpha-amino acids methylated at the alpha-carbon. Biopolymers 33:1061-1072
410. Tracz SM, Abedini A, Driscoll M, Raleigh DP (2004) Role of aromatic interactions in amyloid formation by peptides derived from human Amylin. Biochemistry 43:15901-15908
411. Trapnell BC, Whitsett JA, Nakata K (2003) Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. N Engl J Med 349:2527-2539
412. Tsuji S (1999) Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA): Clinical features and molecular genetics. Adv Neurol 79:399-409
413. Tsuji S (2004) Spinocerebellar ataxia type 17: Latest member of polyglutamine disease group highlights unanswered questions. Arch Neurol 61:183-184
414. Tyndall JD, Fairlie DP (1999) Conformational homogeneity in molecular recognition by proteolytic enzymes. J Mol Recognit 12:363-370
415. Tyndall JD, Nall T, Fairlie DP (2005) Proteases universally recognize beta strands in their active sites. Chem Rev 105:973-999
416. Uegaki K, Nakamura T, Yamamoto H, Kobayashi A, Odahara T, Harata K, Hagihara Y, Ueyama N, Yamazaki T, Yumoto N (2005) Amyloid fibril formation by the CAD domain of caspase-activated DNase. Biopolymers 79:39-47
417. Uemichi T, Liepnieks JJ, Benson MD (1994) Hereditary renal amyloidosis with a novel variant fibrinogen. J Clin Invest 93:731-736
418. Uemichi T, Liepnieks JJ, Yamada T, Gertz MA, Bang N, Benson MD (1996) A frame shift mutation in the fibrinogen A alpha chain gene in a kindred with renal amyloidosis. Blood 87:4197-4203
419. Uptain SM, Lindquist S (2002) Prions as protein-based genetic elements. Annu Rev Microbiol 56:703-741
420. Uversky VN, Cooper EM, Bower KS, Li J, Fink AL (2002) Accelerated alpha-synuclein fibrillation in crowded milieu. FEBS Lett 515:99-103
421. Villanueva J, Villegas V, Querol E, Aviles FX, Serrano L (2003) Monitoring disappearance of monomers and generation of resistance to proteolysis during the formation of the activation domain of human procarboxypeptidase A2 (ADA2 h) amyloid fibrils by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization-time-of-flight-MS. Biochem J 374:489-495
422. Villegas V, Zurdo J, Filimonov VV, Aviles FX, Dobson CM, Serrano L (2000) Protein engineering as a strategy to avoid formation of amyloid fibrils. Protein Sci 9:1700-1708
423. Volles MJ, Lansbury PT Jr (2003) Zeroing in on the pathogenic form of alpha-synuclein and its mechanism of neurotoxicity in Parkinson's disease. Biochemistry 42:7871-7878
424. Walling HW, Baldassare JJ, Westfall TC (1998) Molecular aspects of Huntington's disease. J Neurosci Res 54:301-308
425. Walsh DM, Hartley DM, Kusumoto Y, Fezoui Y, Condron MM, Lomakin A, Benedek GB, Selkoe DJ, Teplow DB (1999) Amyloid beta-protein fibrillogenesis. Structure and biological activity of protofibrillar intermediates. J Biol Chem 274:25945-25952
426. Walsh DM, Klyubin I, Fadeeva JV, Rowan MJ, Selkoe DJ (2002) Amyloid-beta oligomers: Their production, toxicity and therapeutic inhibition. Biochem Soc Trans 30:552-557
427. Wang J, Gulich S, Bradford C, Ramirez-Alvarado M, Regan L (2005) A twisted four-sheeted model for an amyloid fibril. Structure 13:1279-1288
428. Wang L, Colon W (2005) Urea-induced denaturation of apolipoprotein serum amyloid A reveals marginal stability of hexamer. Protein Sci 14:1811-1817
429. Wang W, Hecht MH (2002) Rationally designed mutations convert de novo amyloid-like fibrils into monomeric beta-sheet proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:2760-2765
430. Watson AA, Fairlie DP, Craik DJ (1998) Solution structure of methionine-oxidized amyloid beta.-peptide (1-40). Does oxidation affect conformational switching? Biochemistry 37:12700-12706
431. Waugh DF (1957) A mechanism for the formation of fibrils from protein molecules. J Cell Physiol 49:145-164
432. West MW, Wang W, Patterson J, Mancias JD, Beasley JR, Hecht MH (1999) De novo amyloid proteins from designed combinatorial libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:11211-11216
433. Westermark GT, Engstrom U, Westermark P (1992) The N-terminal segment of protein AA determines its fibrillogenic property. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 182:27-33
434. Westermark P (2005) Aspects on human amyloid forms and their fibril polypeptides. FEBS J 272:5942-5949
435. Westermark P, Eriksson L, Engstrom U, Enestrom S, Sletten K (1997) Prolactin-derived amyloid in the aging pituitary gland. Am J Pathol 150:67-73
436. Westermark P, Benson MD, Buxbaum JN, Cohen AS, Frangione B, Ikeda SI, Masters CL, Merlini G, Saraiva MJ, Sipe JD (2005) Amyloid: Toward terminology clarification - report from the Nomenclature Committee of the International Society of Amyloidosis. Amyloid 12:1-4
437. Wetzel R (2002) Ideas of order for amyloid fibril structure. Structure (Camb) 10:1031-1036
438. Wigley WC, Corboy MJ, Cutler TD, Thibodeau PH, Oldan J, Lee MG, Rizo J, Hunt JF, Thomas PJ (2002) A protein sequence that can encode native structure by disfavoring alternate conformations. Nat Struct Biol 9:381-388
439. Wilkins DK, Dobson CM, Gross M (2000) Biophysical studies of the development of amyloid fibrils from a peptide fragment of cold shock protein B. Eur J Biochem 267:2609-2616
440. Williams AD, Shivaprasad S, Wetzel R (2006) Alanine scanning mutagenesis of Abeta(1-40) amyloid fibril stability. J Mol Biol 357:1283-1294
441. Wong AK, Jacobsen MP, Winzor DJ, Fairlie DP (1998) Template assembled synthetic proteins (TASPs). Are template size, shape, and directionality important in formation of four-helix bundles? J Am Chem Soc 120:3836-3841
442. Wright CF, Teichmann SA, Clarke J, Dobson CM (2005) The importance of sequence diversity in the aggregation and evolution of proteins. Nature 438:878-881
443. Xiong H, Buckwalter B, Shieh H, Hecht M (1995) Periodicity of polar and nonpolar amino acids is the major determinant of secondary structure in self-assembling oligomeric peptides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:6349-6353
444. Xu S, Bevis B, Arnsdorf MF (2001) The assembly of amyloidogenic yeast Sup35 as assessed by scanning (atomic) force microscopy: An analogy to linear colloidal aggregation? Biophys J 81:446-454
445. Yamaguchi I, Suda H, Tsuzuike N, Seto K, Seki M, Yamaguchi Y, Hasegawa K, Takahashi N, Yamamoto S, Gejyo F, Naiki H (2003) Glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan inhibit the depolymerization of beta 2-microglobulin amyloid fibrils in vitro. Kidney Int 64:1080-1088
446. Yang SC, Levine H, Onuchic JN (2005) Protein oligomerization through domain swapping: Role of intermolecular interactions and protein concentration. J Mol Biol 352:202-211
447. Yazaki M, Varga J, Dyck PJ, Benson MD (2002) A new transthyretin variant Leu55Gln in a patient with systemic amyloidosis. Amyloid 9:268-271
448. Yin HL (1987) Gelsolin: Calcium- and polyphosphoinositide-regulated actin-modulating protein. Bioessays 7:176-179
449. Yoburn JC, Tian W, Brower JO, Nowick JS, Glabe CG, Van Vranken DL (2003) Dityrosine cross-linked Abeta peptides: Fibrillar beta-structure in Abeta(1-40) is conducive to formation of dityrosine cross-links but a dityrosine cross-link in Abeta(8-14) does not induce beta-structure. Chem Res Toxicol 16:531-535
450. Yoder G, Polese A, Silva R, Formaggio F, Crisma M, Broxterman QB, Kamphuis J, Toniolo C, Keiderling TA (1997) Conformational characterization of terminally blocked L-(alpha Me)Val homopeptides using vibrational and electronic circular dichroism. 3(10)-helical stabilization by peptide-peptide interaction. J Am Chem Soc 119:10278-10285
451. Yong W, Lomakin A, Kirkitadze MD, Teplow DB, Chen SH, Benedek GB (2002) Structure determination of micelle-like intermediates in amyloid beta -protein fibril assembly by using small angle neutron scattering. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:150-154
452. Yutani K, Takayama G, Goda S, Yamagata Y, Maki S, Namba K, Tsunasawa S, Ogasahara K (2000) The process of amyloid-like fibril formation by methionine aminopeptidase from a hyperthermophile, Pyrococcus furiosus. Biochemistry 39:2769-2777
453. Zerovnik E (2002) Amyloid-fibril formation. Proposed mechanisms and relevance to conformational disease. Eur J Biochem 269:3362-3371
454. Zerovnik E, Pompe-Novak M, Skarabot M, Ravnikar M, Musevic I, Turk V (2002) Human stefin B readily forms amyloid fibrils in vitro. Biochim Biophys Acta 1594:1-5
455. Zhang KZ, Kaufman RJ (2006) The unfolded protein response - a stress signaling pathway critical for health and disease. Neurology 66:S102-S109
456. Zhang Q, Kelly JW (2003) Cys10 mixed disulfides make transthyretin more amyloidogenic under mildly acidic conditions. Biochemistry 42:8756-8761
457. Zhao H, Jutila A, Nurminen T, Wickstrom SA, Keski-Oja J, Kinnunen PK (2005) Binding of endostatin to phosphatidylserine-containing membranes and formation of amyloid-like fibers. Biochemistry 44:2857-2863
458. Zhu M, Souillac PO, Ionescu-Zanetti C, Carter SA, Fink AL (2002) Surface-catalyzed amyloid fibril formation. J Biol Chem 277:50914-50922