Audience response to product placements: An integrative framework and future research agenda

Journal of Advertising

Volumn 35, Issue 3, 2006, Pages 115-141

  Balasubramanian, Siva K ^a   Karrh, James A ^b   Patwardhan, Hemant ^c  

^a SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Mountain Valley Spring Company   (United States)

^c WINTHROP UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 33749340869     PISSN: 00913367     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2753/JOA0091-3367350308     Document Type: Review

References (147)

1. Alba, Joseph W., and J. Wesley Hutchinson (1987), "Dimensions of Consumer Expertise," Journal of Consumer Research, 13 (March), 411-454.
2. Atkinson, Claire (2004), "It's the Marketer's 'Apprentice,'" Advertising Age, 75 (35), 1.
3. Auty, Susan, and Charlie Lewis (2004a), "Exploring Children's Choice: The Reminder Effect of Product Placement," Psychology and Marketing, 21 (9), 697-713.
4. -, and - (2004b), "The 'Delicious Paradox': Pre-conscious Processing of Product Placements by Children," in The Psychology of Entertainment Media, L. J. Shrum, ed., Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 117-135.
5. Avery, Rosemary J., and Rosellina Ferraro (2000), "Verisimilitude or Advertising? Brand Appearances on Prime-Time Television, "Journal of Consumer Affairs, 34 (2), 217-244.
6. Aylesworth, Andrew B., Ronald C. Goodstein, and Ajay Kalra (1999), "Effect of Archetypal Embeds on Feelings: An Indirect Route to Affecting Attitudes?" Journal of Advertising, 28 (3), 73-81.
7. -, and Scott B. MacKenzie (1998), "Context Is Key: The Effect of Program-Induced Mood on Thoughts About the Ad," Journal of Advertising, 27 (2), 17-31.
8. Babin, Laurie A., and Sheri Thompson Carder (1996a), "Viewers' Recognition of Brands Placed Within a Film," International Journal of Advertising, 15 (2), 140-151.
9. -, and - (1996b), "Advertising via the Box Office? Is Product Placement Effective?" Journal of Promotion Management, 3 (1/2), 31-51.
10. Baker, Michael J., and Hazel A. Crawford (1995), "Product Placement," working paper no. 95 (2), Department of Marketing, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland.
11. Balasubramanian, Siva K. (1994), "Beyond Advertising and Publicity: Hybrid Messages and Public Policy Issues," Journal of Advertising, 23 (December), 29-46.
12. Bandura, Albert (1977), Social Learning Theory, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
13. Barry, Thomas F. (1987), "The Development of the Hierarchy of Effects: An Historical Perspective," Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 10 (2), 251-295.
14. -, and Daniel J. Howard (1990), "A Review and Critique of the Hierarchy of Effects in Advertising," International Journal of Advertising, 9 (2), 121-135.
15. Beike, Denise R., and Steven J. Sherman (1994), "Social Inference: Inductions, Deductions, and Analogies," in Handbook of Social Cognition, 2nd ed., vol. 1, Robert S. Wyer, Jr., and Thomas K. Srull, eds., Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 209-285.
16. Bennett, Michelle, Anthony Pecotich, and Sanjay Putrevu (1999), "The Influence of Warnings on Product Placements," in European Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 4, Bernard Dubois, Tina Lowry, L. J. Shrum, and Marc Venhuele, eds., Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 193-200.
17. Bhatnagar, Namita, Lerzan Aksoy, and Selin A. Malkoc (2004), "Embedding Brands Within Media Content: The Impact of Message, Media, and Consumer Characteristics on Placement Efficiency," in The Psychology of Entertainment Media, L. J. Shrum, ed., Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 99-116.
18. Bloxham, M. (1998), "Brand Affinity and Television Programme Sponsorship," International Journal of Advertising, 17 (1), 89-98.
19. Boush, David M., Marian Friestad, and Gregory M. Rose (1994), "Adolescent Skepticism Toward TV Advertising and Knowledge of Advertiser Tactics," Journal of Consumer Research, 21 (June), 165-175.
20. Brennan, Ian, and Laurie A. Babin (2004), "Brand Placement Recognition: The Influence of Presentation Mode and Brand Familiarity," Journal of Promotion Management, 10 (1/2), 185-202.
21. -, Khalid M. Dubas, and Laurie A. Babin (1999), "The Influence of Product-Placement Type and Exposure Time on Product-Placement Recognition," International Journal of Advertising, 18 (3), 323-337.
22. Brennan, Stacey, Philip J. Rosenberger III, and Veronica Hementera (2004), "Product Placements in Movies: An Australian Consumer Perspective on Their Ethicality and Acceptability," Marketing Bulletin, 15, 1-16.
23. Brett, Steven Joseph (1995), "The Shrinking Screen: The Increasing Intersection of Hollywood Film and Television Programming," Ph.D. diss., Northwestern University.
24. Chang, Chingching (2002), "Self-Congruency as a Cue in Different Advertising-Processing Contexts," Communication Research, 29 (5), 503-536.
25. Cornwell, T. Bettina, and Isabelle Maignan (1998), "An International Review of Sponsorship Research, "Journal of Advertising, 27 (1), 1-21.
26. d'Astous, Alain, and Francis Chartier (2000), "A Study of Factors Affecting Consumer Evaluations and Memory of Product Placements in Movies," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22 (2), 31-40.
27. -, Alain, and Nathalie Seguin (1999), "Consumer Reactions to Product Placement Strategies in Television Sponsorship," European Journal of Marketing, 33 (9/10), 896-910.
28. Davis, Mark H., Jay G. Hull, Richard D. Young, and Gregory G. Warren (1987), "Emotional Reactions to Dramatic Film Stimuli: The Influence of Cognitive and Emotional Empathy," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52 (1), 126-133.
29. Deighton, John, Daniel Romer, and Josh McQueen (1989), "Using Drama to Persuade," Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (December), 335-343.
30. DeLorme, Denise E., and Leonard N. Reid (1999), "Moviegoers' Experiences and Interpretations of Brands in Films Revisited," Journal of Advertising, 28 (2), 71-95.
31. D'Orio, Wayne (1999), "Clothes Make the Teen," American Demographics, 21 (3), 34-37.
32. Duke, Charles R., and Les Carlson (1993), "A Conceptual Approach to Alternative Memory Measures for Advertising Effectiveness," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 15 (2), 1-14.
33. Economist (2005a), "And Now, a Game from Our Sponsor" (June 11), 3.
34. - (2005b), "Lights, Camera, Brands" (October 19), 61-62.
35. Edwards, Jim (2005), "Web Site Seeks to Link Marketers and Producers," Brandweek (November 14), 8.
36. Elliott, Stuart (2005), "On Broadway, Ads Now Get to Play Cameo Roles," New York Times (April 22).
37. Ferraro, Rosellina, and Rosemary J. Avery (2000), "Brand Appearances on Prime-Time Television, "Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22 (2), 1-15.
38. Fitzgerald, Kate (2002), "Eager Sponsors Raise the Ante," Advertising Age (June 10), 18.
39. Forgas, Joseph P., and Stephanie Moylan (1987), "After the Movies: Transient Mood and Social Judgments," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 13 (4), 467-477.
40. Fournier, Susan, and Robert J. Dolan (1997), "Launching the BMW Z3 Roadster," Case No. N9-597-002, Harvard Business School Publishing.
41. Friedman, Monroe (1991), A "Brand" New Language. New York: Greenwood Press.
42. Galician, Mary-Lou (2004), "Product Placements in the Mass Media: Unholy Marketing Marriages or Realistic Story-Telling Portrayals, Unethical Advertising Messages or Useful Communication Practices?" Journal of Promotion Management, 10 (1/2), 1-8.
43. -, and Peter G. Bourdeau(2004), "The Evolution of Product Placements in Hollywood Cinema: Embedding High-Involvement 'Heroic' Brand Images," Journal of Promotion Management, 10 (1/2), 15-36.
44. Gardner, Meryl P. (1994), "Responses to Emotional and Informational Appeals: The Moderating Role of Context-Induced Mood States," in Attention, Attitude, and Affect in Response to Advertising, Eddie M. Clark, Timothy C. Brock, and David W. Stewart, eds., Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
45. Gibson, Bryan, and John Maurer (2000), "Cigarette Smoking in the Movies: The Influence of Product Placement on Attitudes Toward Smoking and Smokers," Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30 (7), 1457-1473.
46. Goldberg, Marvin E., and Gerald J. Gorn (1987), "Happy and Sad TV Programs: How They Affect Reactions to Commercials," Journal of Consumer Research, 14 (December), 387-403.
47. Gould, Stephen J., and Pola B. Gupca (2006), "'Come on Down': How Consumers View Game Shows and the Products Placed in Them," Journal of Advertising, 35 (1), 63-81.
48. -, -, and Sonja Grabner-Kräuter (2000), "Product Placements in Movies: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Austrian, French, and American Consumers Attitudes Toward This Emerging International Promotional Medium," Journal of Advertising, 29 (4), 41-58.
49. Gngorovici, Dan M., and Corina D. Constantin (2004), "Experiencing Interactive Advertising Beyond Rich Media: Impacts of Ad Type and Presence on Brand Effectiveness in 3D Gaming Immersive Virtual Environments," Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5 (1), www.jiad.org/vol5/nol/grigorovid/index.htm (accessed June 26, 2006).
50. Groenendyk, Eric W., and Nicholas A. Valentino (2002), "Of Dark Clouds and Silver Linings: Effects of Exposure to Issue Versus Candidate Advertising on Persuasion, Information Retention, and Issue Salience," Communication Research, 29 (3), 295-319.
51. Gupta, Pola B., Siva K. Balasubramanian, and Michael Klassen (2000), "Viewers' Evaluations of Product Placements in Movies: Public Policy Issues and Managerial Implications," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22 (2), 41-52.
52. -, and Stephen J. Gould (1997), "Consumers' Perceptions of the Ethics and Acceptability of Product Placements in Movies: Product Category and Individual Differences," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 19 (1), 37-50.
53. -, and Kenneth R. Lord (1998), "Product Placement in Movies: The Effect of Prominence and Mode on Audience Recall," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 20 (1), 47-59.
54. Hackley, Christopher, and Rungpaka Tiwsakul (2006), "Entertainment Marketing and Experiential Consumption," Journal of Marketing Communications, 12 (1), 63-75.
55. Hey, Damian Ward (2002), "Virtual Product Placement," Television Quarterly, 32 (4), 24-29.
56. Hirschman, Elizabeth C., and Craig J. Thompson (1997), "Why Media Matter: Toward a Richer Understanding of Consumers' Relationships with Advertising and Mass Media, Journal of Advertising, 26 (1), 43-60.
57. Hoffner, Cynthia, and Joanne Cantor (1991), "Perceiving and Responding to Mass Media Characters," in Responding to the Screen, Jennings Bryant and Dolf Zillmann, eds., Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 63-101.
58. Hofstede, Geert (1991), Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, London: McGraw-Hill.
59. - (2001), Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values. Behaviors. Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
60. Holbrook, Morris B., and Mark W. Grayson (1986), "The Semiology of Cinematic Consumption: Symbolic Consumer Behavior in Out of Africa," Journal of Consumer Research, 13 (December), 374-381.
61. Howard, Daniel L., and Thomas E. Barry (1994), "The Role of Thematic Congruence Between a Mood-Inducing Event and an Advertised Product in Determining the Effects of Mood on Brand Attitudes," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 3 (1), 1-27.
62. Huang, I-Ning, Joan Scale, and Robert McIntyre (1976), "The Von Restorff Isolation Effect in Response and Serial Order Learning," Journal of General Psychology, 94 (2), 153-165.
63. Johnstone, Emma, and Christopher A. Dodd (2000), "Placements as Mediators of Brand Salience Within a UK Cinema Audience," Journal of Marketing Communications, 6 (3), 141-158.
64. Kamins, Michael A., and Kamal Gupta (1994), "Congruence Between Spokesperson and Product Type: A Matchup Hypothesis Perspective," Psychology and Marketing, 11 (6), 569-586.
65. Karrh, James A. (1994), "Effects of Brand Placements in Feature Films," in Proceedings of the 1994 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising, Karen Whitehill King, ed., Athens, GA: American Academy of Advertising, 90-96.
66. - (1995), "Brand Placements in Feature Films: The Practitioners' View," in Proceedings of the 1995 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising, Charles S. Madden, ed., Waco, TX: Hankamer School of Business, Baylor University, 182-188.
67. - (1998), "Brand Placement: A Review," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 20 (2), 31-49.
68. -, Katherine T. Frith, and Coy Callison (2001), "Audience Attitudes Toward Brand (Product) Placement: Singapore and the United States," International Journal of Advertising, 20 (1), 3-24.
69. -, Kathy Brittain McKee, and Carol J. Pardun (2003), "Practitioners' Evolving Views on Product Placement Effectiveness," Journal of Advertising Research, 43 (2), 138-149.
70. Kirmani, Amna, and Baba Shiv (1998), "Effects of Source Congruity on Brand Attitudes and Beliefs: The Moderating Role of Issue-Relevant Elaboration," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7 (1), 25-47.
71. Kleine, Robert E., III, Susan Schultz Kleine, and Jerome B. Kernan (1993), "Mundane Consumption and the Self: A Social-Identity Perspective," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2 (3), 209-235.
72. Krishnan, H. Shanker, and Dipankar Chakravarti (1999), "Memory Measures for Pretesting Advertisements: An Integrative Conceptual Framework and a Diagnostic Template," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 8 (1), 1-37.
73. Krugman, Herbert E. (1965), "The Impact of Television Advertising: Learning Without Involvement," Public Opinion Quarterly, 29 (Fall), 349-356.
74. La Pastina, Antonio C. (2001), "Product Placement in Brazilian Prime Time Television: The Case of the Reception of a Telenovela," Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 45 (Fall), 541-557.
75. Law, Sharmistha, and Kathryn A. Braun (2000), "I'll Have What She's Having: Gauging the Impact of Product Placements on Viewers," Psychology and Marketing, 17 (12), 1059-1075.
76. -, and Kathryn A. Braun-LaTour (2004), "Product Placements: How to Measure Their Impact," in The Psychology of Entertainment Media, L. J. Shrum, ed., Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 63-78.
77. Leary, Mark R. (1989), "Self-Presentational Processes in Leadership Emergence and Effectiveness," in Impression Management in the Organization, Robert A. Giacalone and Paul Rosenfeld, eds., Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 343-361.
78. -, and Robin M. Kowalski (1990), "Impression Management: A Literature Review and Two-Component Model," Psychological Bulletin, 107 (1), 34-47.
79. Lee, Angela Y. (2002), "Effects of Implicit Memory on Memory-Based Versus Stimulus-Based Brand Choice," Journal of Marketing Research, 39 (4), 440-454.
80. MacInnis, Deborah J., and Bernard J. Jaworski (1989), "Information Processing from Advertisements: Toward an Integrative Framework," Journal of Marketing, 53 (October), 1-23.
81. -, Christine Moorman, and Bernard J. Jaworski (1991), "Enhancing and Measuring Consumers' Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability to Process Brand Information from Ads," Journal of Marketing, 55 (October), 32-53.
82. Maclean's (2005), "Product Placement Beyond TV" (February 21), 33.
83. Magiera, Marcy (1990), "Disney Plugs Up New Film," Advertising Age (October 15), 8.
84. Marketing Management (2005), "As Seen on TV," 14 (3).
85. Matthews, Robert G. (2005), "London Stage Hosts U.S. Marketers," Wall Street Journal (February 18), B3.
86. Mayer, John D., Laura J. McCormick, and Sara E. Strong (1995), "Mood-Congruent Memory and Natural Mood: New Evidence," Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21 (7), 736-746.
87. McCarty, John A. (2004), "Product Placement: The Nature of the Practice and Potential Avenues of Inquiry," in The Psychology of Entertainment Media, L. J. Shrum, ed., Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 45-62.
88. McCracken, Grant (1989), "Who Is the Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process," Journal of Consumer Research, 16 (3), 310-321.
89. McKechnie, Sally A., and Jia Zhou (2003), "Product Placement in Movies: A Comparison of Chinese and American Consumers' Attitudes," International Journal of Advertising, 22 (3), 349-374.
90. Messinger, Sheldon E., Harold Sampson, and Robert D. Towne (1990), "Life as Theater: Some Notes on the Dramaturgic Approach to Social Reality," in Life as Theater, Dennis Brissett and Charles Edgley, eds., New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 73-84.
91. Misra, Shekhar, and Sharon E. Beatty (1990), "Celebrity Spokesperson and Brand Congruence: An Assessment of Recall and Affect," Journal of Business Research, 21 (2), 159-173.
92. Moorman, Marjolein, Peter C. Neijens, and Edith G. Smit (2002), "The Effects of Magazine-Induced Psychological Responses and Thematic Congruence on Memory and Attitude Toward the Ad in a Real-Life Setting," Journal of Advertising, 31 (4), 27-40.
93. Morton, Cynthia R., and Meredith Friedman (2002), "'I Saw It in the Movies': Exploring the Link Between Product Placement Beliefs and Reported Usage Behavior," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 24 (2), 33-40.
94. Nebenzahl, Israel D., and Eugene D. Jaffe (1998), "Ethical Dimensions of Advertising Executions," Journal of Business Ethics, 17 (7), 805-815.
95. -, and Eugene Secunda (1993), "Consumers' Attitudes Toward Product Placements in Movies," International Journal of Advertising, 12 (1), 1-11.
96. Nedungadi, Prakash (1990), "Recall and Consumer Consideration Sets: Influencing Choice Without Altering Brand Evaluations," Journal of Consumer Research, 17 (December), 263-276.
97. Nelson, Michelle R. (2002), "Recall of Brand Placements in Computer/Video Games," Journal of Advertising Research, 42 (March/April), 80-92.
98. -, Heejo Keum, and Ronald A. Yaros (2004), "Advertainment or Adcreep? Game Players' Attitudes Toward Advertising and Product Placements in Computer Games," Journal of Interactive Advertising, 5 (1), http://jiad.org/vol5/no1/nelson/index.htm (accessed June 26, 2006).
99. -, and Laurie Ellis McLeod (2005), "Adolescent Brand Consciousness and Product Placements: Awareness, Liking and Perceived Effects on Self and Others," International Journal of Consumer Studies, 29 (6), 515-528.
100. Nelson, Richard Alan (2004), "The Bulgari Connection: A Novel Form of Product Placement, "Journal of Promotion Management, 10 (1/2), 203-212.
101. Neumann, Deborah, Mary Cassata, and Thomas Skill (1983), "Setting the Mood: Soap Opera Settings and Fashions," in Life on Daytime Television: Tuning-In American Serial Drama. Mary Cassata and Thomas Skill, eds., Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 125-135.
102. Newell, Stephen J., Kenneth V. Henderson, and Bob T. Wu (2001), "The Effects of Pleasure and Arousal on Recall of Advertisements During the Super Bowl," Psychology and Marketing, 18 (11), 1135-1153.
103. O'Guinn, Thomas C., and L. J. Shrum (1997), "The Role of Television in the Construction of Consumer Reality," Journal of Consumer Research, 23 (March), 278-294.
104. Paivio, Allan (1979), Imagery and Verbal Processes. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
105. - (1983), "The Empirical Case for Dual Coding," in Imagery, Memory and Cognition. John C. Yuille, ed., Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
106. - (1986), Mental Representations: A Dual Coding Approach. New York: Oxford University Press.
107. Pardun, Carol J., and Kathy McKee (1999), "Product Placements as Public Relations: An Exploratory Study of the Role of the Public Relations Firm," Public Relations Review, 25 (4), 481-493.
108. Pechmann, Cornelia, and Chuan-Fong Shih (1999), "Smoking Scenes in Movies and Antismoking Advertisements Before Movies," Journal of Marketing, 63 (3), 1-13.
109. Petty, Richard E., and John T. Cacioppo (1986), "The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion," in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 19, Leonard Berkowitz, ed., New York: Academic Press, 123-205.
110. -, -, and David Schumann (1983), "Central and Peripheral Routes to Advertising Effectiveness: The Moderating Role of Involvement," Journal of Consumer Research, 10 (September), 135-146.
111. -, Steven A. Richman, David W. Schumann, and Alan J. Strathman (1993), "Positive Mood and Persuasion: Different Roles for Affect Under High- and Low-Elaboration Conditions," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64 (1), 5-20.
112. Puto, Christopher P., and William D. Wells (1984), "Informational and Transformational Advertising: The Differential Effects of Time," Advances in Consumer Research, 11 (1), 638-645.
113. Reed, J.D. (1989), "Plugging Away in Hollywood" Time (January 2), 102.
114. Roberts, Johnny L. (2004), "TV's New Brand of Stars," Newsweek (November 22).
115. Roehm, Michelle L., Harper A. Roehm, Jr., and Derrick S. Boone (2004), "Plugs Versus Placements: A Comparison of Alternatives for Within-Program Brand Exposure," Psychology and Marketing, 21 (1), 17-28.
116. Roskos-Ewoldsen, David R., and Russell H. Fazio (1992), "On the Orienting Value of Attitudes: Attitude Accessibility as a Determinant of an Object's Attraction of Visual Attention," Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63 (2), 198-211.
117. Russell, Cristel A. (1998), "Toward a Framework of Product Placement: Theoretical Propositions," in Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 25, Joseph W. Alba and J. Wesley Hutchinson, eds., Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 357-362.
118. - (2002), "Investigating the Effectiveness of Product Placement in Television Shows: The Role of Modality and Plot Connection Congruence on Brand Memory and Attitude," Journal of Consumer Research, 29 (December), 306-318.
119. -, Andrew T. Norman, and Susan E. Heckler (2004a), "People and 'Their' Television Shows: An Overview of Television Connectedness," in The Psychology of Entertainment Media, L. J. Shrum, ed., Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 275-290.
120. -, -, and - (2004b). "The Consumption of Television Programming: Development and Validation of the Connectedness Scale," Journal of Consumer Research, 31 (2), 150-161.
121. -, and Christopher P. Puto (1999), "Rethinking Television Audience Measures: An Exploration into the Construct of Audience Connectedness," Marketing Letters, 10 (4), 393-407.
122. -, and Barbara B. Stern (2006), "Consumers, Characters, and Products: A Balance Model of Sitcom Product Placement Effects," Journal of Advertising, 35 (1), 7-21.
123. Sabherwal, Shonall, Jim Pokrywczynski, and Robert Griffin (1994), "Brand Recall for Product Placements in Motion Pictures: A Memory-Based Perspective," paper presented at the 1994 Conference of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Atlanta, GA.
124. Schlenker, Barry (1980), Impression Management. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole.
125. Schneider, Lars-Peter, and T. Bettina Cornwell (2005), "Cashing in on Crashes via Brand Placement in Computer Games," International Journal of Advertising, 24 (3), 321-345.
126. Segrave, Kerry (2004), Product Placement in Hollywood Films: A History, Jefferson, NC: MacFarland.
127. Sengupta, Jaideep, Ronald C. Goodstein, and David S. Boninger (1997), "All Cues Are Not Created Equal: Obtaining Attitude Persistence Under Low-Involvement Conditions," Journal of Consumer Research, 23 (March), 351-361.
128. Shapiro, Stewart (1999), "When an Ad's Influence Is Beyond Our Conscious Control: Perceptual and Conceptual Fluency Effects Caused by Incidental Exposure, "Journal of Consumer Research, 26 (1), 16-36.
129. -, and H. Shanker Krishnan (2001), "Memory-Based Measures for Assessing Advertising Effects: A Comparison of Explicit and Implicit Memory Effects," Journal of Advertising, 30 (3), 1-13.
130. -, Deborah J. MacInnis, and Susan E. Heckler (1997), "The Effects of Incidental Ad Exposure on the Formation of Consideration Sets," Journal of Consumer Research, 24 (1), 94-104.
131. Sheehan, Kim Bartel, and Aibing Guo (2005), "'Leaving on a (Branded) Jet Plane': An Exploration of Audience Attitudes Towards Product Assimilation in Television Content," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 27 (1), 79-91.
132. Singh, Mandeep, Siva K. Balasubramanian, and Goutam Chakraborty (2000), "A Comparative Analysis of Three Communication Formats: Advertising, Infomercial, and Direct Experience," Journal of Advertising, 29 (4), 59-75.
133. Solomon, Michael R., and Basil G. Englis (1994), "Reality Engineering: Blurring the Boundaries Between Commercial Signification and Popular Culture," Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 16 (2), 1-17.
134. Stern, Barbara, and Cristel A. Russell (2004), "Consumer Responses to Product Placement in Television Sitcoms: Genre, Sex, and Consumption," Consumption, Markets, and Culture, 7 (4), 371-394.
135. -, -, and Dale W. Russell (2005), "Vulnerable Women on Screen and at Home: Soap Opera Consumption," Journal of Macromarketing, 25 (2), 222-225.
136. Stewart-Allen, Allyson L. (1999), "Product Placement Helps Sell Brand," Marketing News, 33 (4), 8.
137. Synott, Anthony (1991), "A Sociology of Smell," Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (1), 437-459.
138. Tan, Alexis S. (1986), "Social Learning of Aggression from Television," in Perspectives on Media Effects, Jennings Bryant and Dolf Zillmann, eds., Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 41-55.
139. Tiwsakul, Rungpaka, and Chris Hackley (2005), "Explicit, Non-integrated Product Placement in British Television Programmes," International Journal of Advertising, 24 (1), 95-111.
140. Turow, Joseph (1978), "Casting for TV Parts: The Anatomy of Social Typing," Journal of Communication, 28 (4), 18-24.
141. Vagnoni, Anthony (2001), "Radical Departure," Advertising Age (June 25), 14.
142. Wallace, William P. (1965), "Review of the Historical, Empirical, and Theoretical Status of the Von Restorff Phenomenon," Psychological Bulletin, 63 (6), 410-424.
143. Wells, William D., and Cheri L. Anderson (1996), "Fictional Materialism," in Advances in Consumer Research, vol. 23, Kim Corfman and John G. Lynch, eds., Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research, 120-126.
144. Wenner, Lawrence A. (2004), "On the Ethics of Product Placement in Media Entertainment," Journal of Promotion Management, 10 (1/2), 101-132.
145. Wicklund, Robert A., and Peter M. Gollwitzer (1982), Symbolic Self-Completion, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
146. Yi, Youjae (1990), "The Effects of Contextual Priming in Print Advertisements," Journal of Consumer Research, 17 (September), 215-222.
147. Zillmann, Dolf (1999), "Exemplification Theory: Judging the Whole by Some of Its Parts," Media Psychology, 1 (1), 69-94.