Molecular and cellular mediators of Alzheimer's disease inflammation

Journal of Alzheimer's Disease

Volumn 3, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 131-157

  Strohmeyer, R ^a   Rogers, J ^a  

^a SUN HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 1 ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; ALPHA 2 MACROGLOBULIN; ALPHA INTERFERON; ALTERNATIVE COMPLEMENT PATHWAY C3 C5 CONVERTASE; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E4; CD59 ANTIGEN; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CLUSTERIN; COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR 1; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C3 RECEPTOR; COMPLEMENT COMPONENT C5A RECEPTOR; COMPLEMENT FACTOR H; CYCLOOXYGENASE 1; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2; FIBRINOGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN ENHANCER BINDING PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA CONVERTING ENZYME; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN; MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY PROTEIN 1ALPHA; OXYGEN RADICAL; PROPERDIN; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG; VITRONECTIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ASTROCYTE; BRAIN INJURY; COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DEMYELINATION; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; MICROGLIA; NEURITE; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

EID: 0035087707     PISSN: 13872877     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2001-3118     Document Type: Review

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207. The complement system
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230. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperones GRP78 and calreticulin prevent oxidative stress, Ca2+ disturbances, and cell death in renal epithelial cells
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268. Dynamics of gene expression for a hippocampal glycoprotein elevated in Alzheimer's disease and in response to experimental lesions in rat
269. Tissue factor antigen in senile plaques of Alzheimer's disese
270. beta-Amyloid fibrils activate parallel mitogenactivated protein kinase pathways in microglia and THP1 monocytes
271. Amyloid fibrils activate tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling and superoxide production in microglia
272. Activation of the classical complement pathway in brain tissue of Alzheimer patients
273. Immune system response in Alzheimer's disease
274. Reactive microglia are positive for HLA-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease brains
275. Reactive microglia in patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type are positive for the histocompatibility glycoprotein HLA-DR
276. Distribution of clusterin in Alzheimer brain tissue
277. Pathological proteins in senile plaques
278. Central nervous system immune reactions in Alzheimer's disease
279. The inflammatory response system of brain: Implications for therapy of Alzheimer and other neurodegenerative diseases
280. Reactions of the immune system in chronic degenerative neurological diseases
281. Reactions of the immune system in chronic degenerative neurological diseases
282. Detection of the membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis (CD59) in diseased neurons of Alzheimer brain
283. Oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA is increased in Alzheimer's disease
284. Interferon-gamma and nitric oxide down-regulate lipopolysaccharide- induced prostanoid production in cultured rat microglial cells by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2 expression
285. Astrocytes: Form, functions, and roles in disease
286. Increased CSF F2-isoprostane concentration in probable AD
287. Elevate CSF prostaglandin E2 levels in patients with probable AD
288. Immunophenotypic analysis of infiltrating leukocytes and microglia in an experimental rat glioma
289. Characterization of microglial reaction after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rat brain
290. Correlation of astrocytic S100 beta expression with dystrophic neurites in amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease
291. Protection against HIV-1 gp120-induced brain damage by neuronal expression of human amyloid precursor protein
292. Synaptotrophic effects of human amyloid beta protein precursors in the cortex of transgenic mice
293. Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer's disease: Defective retrograde transport to nucleus basalis
294. Reduction in p140-TrkA receptor protein within the nucleus basalis and cortex in Alzheimer's disease
295. Decreased trkA gene expression within basal forebrain neurons in Alzheimer's disease
296. Molecular organization and function of the complement system
297. Reactive oxygen species and Alzheimer's disease
298. The role of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin 6, interferon-gamma and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the development and pathology of the nervous system
299. An immunohistochemical study of the distribution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the adult human brain, with particular reference to Alzheimer's disease
300. Nature of the retrograde signal from injured nerves that induces interleukin-6 mRNA in neurons
301. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-9 immunoreactivity in senile plaques
302. Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition prevents delayed death of CAI hippocampal neurons following global ischemia
303. Regional specificity of alterations in NGF, BDNF and NT-3 levels in Alzheimer's disease
304. Alpha2-macroglobulin complexes with and mediates the endocytosis of beta-amyloid peptide via cell surface low-density lipoprotein receptor- related protein
305. Complement anaphylatoxin receptors on neurons: New tricks for old receptors?
306. Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease
307. Fas antigen expression in brains of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia
308. Cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in neurons contributes to ischemic brain damage
309. F4-isoprostanes as specific marker of docosahexaenoic acid peroxidation in Alzheimer's disease
310. Cyclooxygenase-2: Molecular biology, pharmacology, and neurobiology
311. Decreased expression of prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) in Alzheimer's disease brain
312. Interleukin-1 beta induces prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in primary murine astrocyte cultures
313. Induction of cyclo-oxygenase 2 in brains of patients with Down's syndrome and dementia of Alzheimer type: Specific localization in affected neurones and axons
314. Interaction of the thiol-dependent reductase ERp57 with nascent glycoproteins
315. Prolonged and concomitant induction of astroglial immunoreactivity of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in the rat hippocampus after transient global ischemia
316. Selective increase in lipid peroxidation in the inferior temporal cortex in Alzheimer's disease
317. The alternative pathway of complement
318. A genetic variation of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 delays the initial onset and reduces the risk for sporadic Alzheimer's disease
319. Slow degradation of aggregates of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta-protein by microglial cells
320. Cyclooxygenase and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease: Experimental approaches and clinical interventions
321. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is increased in frontal cortex of Alzheimer's disease brain
322. Complement C1qB and C4 mRNAs responses to lesioning in rat brain
323. Differential expression of TGF-beta 1, 2 and 3 isotypes in Alzheimer's disease: A comparative immunohistochemical study with cerebral infarction, aged human and mouse control brains
324. Unique aspects of inflammation in the central nervous system
325. Immunohistochemical localization of macrophages and microglia in the adult and developing mouse brain
326. BDNF mRNA is decreased in the hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer's disease
327. BDNF mRNA is decreased in the hippocampus of individuals with Alzheimer's disease
328. Macrophage-induced cytotoxicity of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor positive neurons involves excitatory amino acids rather than reactive oxygen intermediates and cytokines
329. Cytokine-induced anorexia. Behavioral, cellular, and molecular mechanisms
330. Brain cytokine mRNAs in anorectic rats bearing prostate adenocarcinoma minor cells
331. Cloning of the human alpha 2-macroglobulin gene and detection of mutations in two functional domains: The bait region and the thiolester site
332. Increased F2-isoprostanes in Alzheimer's disease: Evidence for enhanced lipid peroxidation in vivo
333. Senile dementia of Alzheimer type: Astroglial reaction to extracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the hippocampus. An immunocytochemical and electron-microscopic study
334. Multiple, diverse senile plaque-associated proteins are ligands of an apolipoprotein E receptor, the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low- density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein
335. Apolipoprotein E in sporadic Alzheimer's disease: Allelic variation and receptor interactions
336. Myeloperoxidase polymorphism is associated with gender specific risk for Alzheimer's disease
337. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma is a negative regulator of macrophage activation
338. Complement activation by beta-amyloid in Alzheimer disease
339. Inflammatory mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease
340. Expression of immune system-associated antigens by cells of the human central nervous system: Relationship to the pathology of Alzheimer's disease
341. Complement activation by neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease
342. Inflammatory mediators in Alzheimer's disease
343. Protease nexin 1 immunostaining in Alzheimer's disease
344. Phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes in Alzheimer's disease: Increased lysophospholipid acyltransferase activity and decreased phospholipase A2 activity
345. Distribution pattern and functional state of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in plaques and vascular amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. A immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibodies against native and inactivated alpha 1-antichymotrypsin
346. Microglial cells around amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease express leucocyte adhesion molecules of the LFA-1 family
347. A4 protein in Alzheimer's disease: Primary and secondary cellular events in extracellular amyloid deposition
348. Acute phase proteins are present in amorphous plaques in the cerebral but not in the cerebellar cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease
349. Colocalization of high-affinity neurotrophin receptors in nucleus basalis of Meynert neurons and their differential reduction in Alzheimer's disease
350. Regulation of cyclooxygenase enzymes by niric oxide
351. Elemental imbalances in the olfactory pathway in Alzheimer's disease
352. Microglial activation in early stages of amyloid beta protein deposition
353. Fibrous Astrocytes in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type
354. Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse
355. Protease nexin-2/amyloid beta protein precursor. A tight-binding inhibitor of coagulation factor IXa
356. Amyloid P immunoreactivity precedes C4d deposition on extracellular neurofibrillary tangles
357. Inability to detect β-amyloid protein precursor mRNA in Alzheimer plaque-associated microglia
358. Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer's disease: Increased levels throughout the brain coupled with declines in nucleus basalis
359. Uber Astrozytenveranderungen in der orbitofrontalen Hirnrinde bei seniler Demenz, Zentralbl
360. Amyloid beta protein (Aβ) removal by neuroglial cells in culture
361. Modulation of the retinoic acid and retinoid X receptor signaling pathways in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells by calreticulin
362. Neuronal expression of mRNAs for complement proteins of the classical pathway in Alzheimer brain
363. Distribution of interleukin-1-immunoreactive microglia in cerebral cortical layers: Implications for neuritic plaque formation in Alzheimer's disease
364. S100 beta protein expression in Alzheimer disease: Potential role in the pathogenesis of neuritic plaques
365. Microglial interleukin-1 alpha expression in brain regions in Alzheimer's disease: Correlation with neuritic plaque distribution
366. Glial-neuronal interactions in Alzheimer disease: Progressive association of IL-1 alpha+ microglia and S100beta+ astrocytes with neurofibrillary tangle stages
367. Human brain S100 beta and S100 beta mRNA expression increases with age: Pathogenic implications for Alzheimer's disease
368. Reactive microglia/macrophages phagocytose amyloid precursor protein produced by neurons following neural damage
369. Amyloid enhancing factor-loaded macrophages in amyloid fibril formation
370. Structure and function of type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors
371. Circulating cytokines in Alzheimer's disease
372. Secreted forms of beta-amyloid precursor protein protect against ischemic brain injury
373. Widespread peroxynitrite-mediated damage in Alzheimer's disease
374. Platelet coagulation factor XIa-inhibitor, a form of Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein
375. The presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the neuritic plaques and congophilic angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease
376. Absence of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and trkB receptor immunoreactivity in glia of Alzheimer's disease
377. Alpha-macroglobulins: Structure, shape, and mechanism of proteinase complex formation
378. Acute phase proteins: Strategies for inhibition of complement activation in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders
379. Late-onset chronic inflammatory encephalopathy in immunecompetent and severe combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice with astrocyte-targeted expression of tumor necrosis factor
380. Association of microglia with amyloid plaques in brains of APP23 transgenic mice
381. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) immunoreactivity is elevated in Alzheimer's disease brain
382. Basic fibroblast growth factor in Alzheimer's disease
383. Detection of interleukin-6 and alpha 2-macroglobulin immunoreactivity in cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease patients
384. Activation of microglia in the brains of humans with heart disease and hypercholesterolemic rabbits
385. Reactive microgliosis
386. Binding of human apolipoprotein E to synthetic amyloid beta peptide: Isoform-specific effects and implications for late-onset Alzheimer disease
387. Detection of complement alternative pathway mRNA and proteins in Alzheimer's disease brain
388. Molecular, cellular, and pathologic characterization of HLA-DR immunoreactivity in normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease brain
389. Epidermal growth factor receptor expression in demented and aged human brain
390. Neuronal DNA damage precedes tangle formation and is associated with upregulation of nitrotyrosine in Alzheimer's disease brain
391. Autopsy samples of Alzheimer's cortex show increased peroxidation in vitro
392. Plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1 in the cerebrospinal fluid as an index of neurological disease
393. Cerebral neurons express interleukin-6 after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils
394. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 expression in the cortex and hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease
395. Advanced glycation end products co-localized with astrocytes and microglial cells in Alzheimer's disease brain
396. Intracerebral production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a local neuroprotective agent, in Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia
397. TNF gene polymorphism and its relation to intracerebral production of TNFalpha and TNFbeta in AD
398. TNF alpha gene expression is induced in neurones after a hippocampal lesion
399. Dissociation between corpus callosum atrophy and white matter pathology in Alzheimer's disease
400. Enhancement of immunoreactivity for NF-kappa B in the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex of Alzheimer's disease
401. Neurons express proteins of the classical complement pathway in Alzheimer disease
402. Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: Synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment
403. Insulin-like growth factors and insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type
404. Regional brain trace-element studies in Alzheimer's disease
405. Evidence for neuroprotective effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor in Alzheimer disease
406. Maturational regulation and regional induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat brain: Implications for Alzheimer's disease
407. Immunohistochemical study of alpha 2 macroglobulin receptor in Alzheimer and control postmortem human brain
408. Reactive microglia express class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens in Alzheimer's disease
409. Evidence of increased levels of C4 binding protein in Alzheimer's disease
410. Macrophage phagocytosis of myelin in vitro determined by flow cytometry: Phagocytosis is mediated by CR3 and induces production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide
411. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 is in plaques in Alzheimer and Down pathologies
412. S100 beta expression in Alzheimer's disease: Relation to neuropathology in brain regions
413. alpha 2-Macroglobulin expression in neuritic-type plaques in patients with Alzheimer's disease
414. Enhanced expression of microglial NADPH-oxidase (p22-phox) in Alzheimer's Disease
415. The amino-terminus of the amyloid-beta protein is critical for the cellular binding and consequent activation of the respiratory burst of human macrophages
416. Amyloid beta protein primes cultured rat microglial cells for an enhanced phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced respiratory burst activity
417. Protease nexin-1, a potent thrombin inhibitor, is reduced around cerebral blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease
418. Complement Cl-inhibitor expression in Alzheimer's disease
419. Cytokines associated with amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease brain stimulate human glial and neuronal cell cultures to secrete early complement proteins, but not Cl-inhibitor
420. Early complement components in Alzheimer's disease brains
421. Complement activation in amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease brains does not proceed further than C3
422. Distribution of A beta-associated proteins in cerebrovascular amyloid of Alzheimer's disease
423. Accumulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in senile plaques in brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer's disease
424. Protease nexin-1, an antithrombin with neurite outgrowth activity, is reduced in Alzheimer disease
425. Expression and regulation of complement Clq by human THP-1-derived macrophages
426. Inflammatory markers in chronic neurodegenerative disorders with emphasis on Alzheiemer's disease
427. Complement and cytokine gene expression in cultured microglia derived from postmortem human brains
428. Expression of complement C4 and C9 genes by human astrocytes
429. Complement gene expression in human brain: Comparison between normal and Alzheimer disease cases
430. Complement Cl inhibitor is produced by brain tissue and is cleaved in Alzheimer disease
431. Complement interactions with amyloid-β 1-42: A nidus for inflammation in AD brains
432. Aggregation state-dependent activation of the classical complement pathway by the amyloid beta peptide
433. Multivalent binding of complement protein C1Q to the amyloid beta- peptide (A beta) promotes the nucleation phase of A beta aggregation
434. Molecular and cellular characterization of the membrane attack complex, C5b-9, in Alzheimer's disease
435. Enhanced aggregation and beta structure of amyloid beta peptide after coincubation with Clq
436. Relative efficacies of amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) binding proteins in A beta aggregation
437. Complement component Clq modulates the phagocytosis of Abeta by microglia
438. Astrocyte pathology in Alzheimer's Disease
439. Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin in Alzheimer's and Binswanger's disease
440. Complement and complement deficiencies
441. The alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor- related protein and the receptor-associated protein. An overview
442. Primary demyelination as a nonspecific consequence of a cell-mediated immune reaction
443. Neurofibrillary and synaptic pathology in the aged brain
444. Ultrastructural studies of the cells forming amyloid fibers in classical plaques
445. HBGAM is a cytokine present in Alzheimer's and Down's syndrome lesions
446. Characterization and immunohistochemical localization of alpha 2- macroglobulin receptor (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein) in human brain
447. Decreased prostaglandin synthesis in postmortem cerebral cortex from patients with Alzheimer's disease
448. Cytokine indices in Alzheimer's temporal cortex: No changes in mature IL-1 beta or IL-IRA but increases in the associated acute phase proteins IL-6, alpha 2-macroglobulin and C-reactive protein
449. Tyrosine phosphorylation systems in Alzheimer's disease pathology
450. Interleukin-8 receptor B immunoreactivity in brain and neuritic plaques of Alzheimer's disease
451. Expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 on neurons and the elevated expression of its ligand IP-10 in reactive astrocytes: In vitro ERK 1/2 activation and role in Alzheimer's disease
452. Chemokines/chemokine receptors in the central nervous system and Alzheimer's disease
453. Immunohistochemical study of the beta-chemokine receptors CCR3 and CCR5 and their ligands in normal and Alzheimer's disease brains
454. Decreased interleukin-6 level in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia
455. Complement-activated oligodendroglia: A new pathogenic entity identified by immunostaining with antibodies to human complement proteins C3d and C4d
456. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies to alpha-interferon and its induced protein, MxA, in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease brain tissues
457. Expression of activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2), one of the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) binding proteins, in Alzheimer disease and non-neurological brain tissues
458. Expression of a mitogen-inducible cyclooxygenase in brain neurons: Regulation by synaptic activity and glucocorticoids
459. Alzheimer's neurofibrillary tangles are penetrated by astroglial processes and appear eosinophilic in their final stages
460. Impaired phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein in the hippocampus of dementia of the Alzheimer type
461. Transcriptional roles of nuclear factor kappa B and nuclear factor-interleukin-6 in the tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in MC3T3-E1 cells
462. The survival of rat cerebral cortical neurons in the presence of trophic APP peptides
463. RAGE and amyloid-beta peptide neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease
464. Non-enzymatically glycated tau in Alzheimer's disease induces neuronal oxidant stress resulting in cytokine gene expression and release of amyloid beta-peptide
465. Amyloid-beta peptide-receptor for advanced glycation endproduct interaction elicits neuronal expression of macrophage-colony stimulating factor: A proinflammatory pathway in Alzheimer disease
466. Deficiency of complement defense protein CD59 may contribute to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease
467. Complement regulators Cl inhibitor and CD59 do not significantly inhibit complement activation in Alzheimer disease
468. Distribution of cyclooxygenase- 1 and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNAs and proteins in human brain and peripheral organs
469. Up-regulated production and activation of the complement system in Alzheimer's disease brain
470. Expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein in post-mortem human brain tissues of Alzheimer's disease and control cases
471. Midkine, a novel neurotrophic factor, is present in senile plaques of Alzheimer disease
472. Hageman factor and its binding sites are present in senile plaques of Alzheimer's disease
473. Cyclooxygenase-1 in human Alzheimer and control brain: Quantitative analysis of expression by microglia and CA3 hippocampal neurons
474. Neurotransmitters, peptides, and neural cell adhesion molecules in the cortices of normal elderly humans and Alzheimer patients: A comparison
475. Interleukin-6 mRNA is elevated in Alzheimer Disease Brain
476. Distribution of beta amyloid associated proteins in plaques in Alzheimer's disease and in the non-demented elderly
477. Increased interleukin-1beta converting enzyme expression and activity in Alzheimer disease