메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 5, 1996, Pages 781-787

Neuroglial-mediated immunoinflammatory responses in Alzheimer's disease: Complement activation and therapeutic approaches

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Astrocytes; A peptide; complement; Inflammation; Microglia

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN;

EID: 0030250758     PISSN: 01974580     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(96)00103-0     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (72)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 0026602079 scopus 로고
    • β-Amyloid stimulates glial cells in vitro to produce growth factors that accumulate in senile plaqes in Alzheimer's disease
    • 1. Araujo, D. M.; Cotman, C. W. β-Amyloid stimulates glial cells in vitro to produce growth factors that accumulate in senile plaqes in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 569:141-145; 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.569 , pp. 141-145
    • Araujo, D.M.1    Cotman, C.W.2
  • 2
    • 0025103845 scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor production and receptor expression by a human astroglioma cell line
    • 2. Bethea, J. R.; Gillespie, G. Y.; Chung, I. Y.; Benveniste, E. N. Tumor necrosis factor production and receptor expression by a human astroglioma cell line. J. Neuroimmunol. 30:1-13; 1990.
    • (1990) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.30 , pp. 1-13
    • Bethea, J.R.1    Gillespie, G.Y.2    Chung, I.Y.3    Benveniste, E.N.4
  • 4
    • 0027526419 scopus 로고
    • Release of excess amyloid β protein from a mutant amyloid β protein precursor
    • 4. Cai, X.-D.; Golde, T. E.; Younkin, S. G. Release of excess amyloid β protein from a mutant amyloid β protein precursor. Science 259:514-516; 1993.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , pp. 514-516
    • Cai, X.-D.1    Golde, T.E.2    Younkin, S.G.3
  • 7
    • 0026713423 scopus 로고
    • β-Amyloid neurotoxicity: A discussion of in vitro findings
    • 7. Cotman, C. W.; Pike, C. J.; Copani, A. β-Amyloid neurotoxicity: A discussion of in vitro findings. Neurobiol. Aging 13:587-590; 1992.
    • (1992) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.13 , pp. 587-590
    • Cotman, C.W.1    Pike, C.J.2    Copani, A.3
  • 9
    • 0019993831 scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulins and complement factors in senile plaques
    • 9. Eikelenboom, P.; Stam, F. C. Immunoglobulins and complement factors in senile plaques. Acta Neuropathol. 57:239; 1982.
    • (1982) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.57 , pp. 239
    • Eikelenboom, P.1    Stam, F.C.2
  • 11
    • 0021344432 scopus 로고
    • Glioblastoma cells release interleukin-1 and factors inhibiting interleukin-2-mediated effects
    • 11. Fontana, A.; Hengartner, H.; de Tribolet, N.; Weber, E. Glioblastoma cells release interleukin-1 and factors inhibiting interleukin-2-mediated effects. J. Immunol. 132:1837-1844; 1984.
    • (1984) J. Immunol. , vol.132 , pp. 1837-1844
    • Fontana, A.1    Hengartner, H.2    De Tribolet, N.3    Weber, E.4
  • 12
    • 0026452028 scopus 로고
    • Expression of amyloid precursor protein mRNAs in endothelial, neuronal and glial cells: Modulation by interleukin-1
    • 12. Forloni, G.; Demicheli, F.; Giorgi, S.; Bendotti, C.; Angeretti, N. Expression of amyloid precursor protein mRNAs in endothelial, neuronal and glial cells: Modulation by interleukin-1. Mol. Brain Res. 16:128-134; 1992.
    • (1992) Mol. Brain Res. , vol.16 , pp. 128-134
    • Forloni, G.1    Demicheli, F.2    Giorgi, S.3    Bendotti, C.4    Angeretti, N.5
  • 13
    • 0026589735 scopus 로고
    • Astroglia in Alzheimer's disease
    • 13. Frederickson, R. C. A. Astroglia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging 13:239-253; 1992.
    • (1992) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.13 , pp. 239-253
    • Frederickson, R.C.A.1
  • 14
    • 0027978247 scopus 로고
    • New opportunities in AD research: Roles of immunoinflammatory responses and glia
    • 14. Frederickson, R. C. A.; Brunden, K. R. New opportunities in AD research: Roles of immunoinflammatory responses and glia. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 8:159-165; 1994.
    • (1994) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. , vol.8 , pp. 159-165
    • Frederickson, R.C.A.1    Brunden, K.R.2
  • 15
    • 0027363674 scopus 로고
    • Expression of the complement classical pathway by human glioma in culture: A model for complement expression by nerve cells
    • 15. Gasque, P.; Ischenko, A.; Legoedec, J.; Mauger, C.; Schouft, M.-T.; Fontaine, M. Expression of the complement classical pathway by human glioma in culture: A model for complement expression by nerve cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268:25068-25074; 1993.
    • (1993) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.268 , pp. 25068-25074
    • Gasque, P.1    Ischenko, A.2    Legoedec, J.3    Mauger, C.4    Schouft, M.-T.5    Fontaine, M.6
  • 16
    • 0022441440 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-1 of the central nervous system is produced by ameboid microglia
    • 16. Giulian, D.; Baker, T. J.; Shih, L.; Lachman, L. B. Interleukin-1 of the central nervous system is produced by ameboid microglia. J. Exp. Med. 164:594-604; 1986.
    • (1986) J. Exp. Med. , vol.164 , pp. 594-604
    • Giulian, D.1    Baker, T.J.2    Shih, L.3    Lachman, L.B.4
  • 20
    • 0027468515 scopus 로고
    • Synthetic Alzheimer amyloid β/A4 peptides enhance production of complement C3 component by cultured microglial cells
    • 20. Haga, S.; Ikeda, K.; Sato, M.; Ishii, T. Synthetic Alzheimer amyloid β/A4 peptides enhance production of complement C3 component by cultured microglial cells. Brain Res. 601:88-94; 1993.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.601 , pp. 88-94
    • Haga, S.1    Ikeda, K.2    Sato, M.3    Ishii, T.4
  • 21
    • 77956816027 scopus 로고
    • Potential therapeutic modifiers of the complement cascade
    • 21. Hagmann, W. K.; Sindelar, R. D. Potential therapeutic modifiers of the complement cascade. Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. 27:199-208; 1992.
    • (1992) Ann. Rep. Med. Chem. , vol.27 , pp. 199-208
    • Hagmann, W.K.1    Sindelar, R.D.2
  • 22
    • 0028587152 scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in reactive gliosis induced by substrate-bound β-amyloid
    • 22. Hoke, A.; Canning, D. R.; Malemud, C. J.; Silver, J. Regional differences in reactive gliosis induced by substrate-bound β-amyloid. Exp. Neurol. 130:56-66; 1994.
    • (1994) Exp. Neurol. , vol.130 , pp. 56-66
    • Hoke, A.1    Canning, D.R.2    Malemud, C.J.3    Silver, J.4
  • 23
    • 0002527434 scopus 로고
    • Presence of immunoglobulins and complements in the amyloid plaques in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Pouplard-Barthelaix, A.; Emile, J.; Christen, Y., eds. Berlin: Springer Verlag
    • 23. Ishii, T.; Haga, S.; Kametani, F. Presence of immunoglobulins and complements in the amyloid plaques in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. In: Pouplard-Barthelaix, A.; Emile, J.; Christen, Y., eds. Immunology and Alzheimer's disease. Berlin: Springer Verlag; 1988:17-29.
    • (1988) Immunology and Alzheimer's Disease , pp. 17-29
    • Ishii, T.1    Haga, S.2    Kametani, F.3
  • 24
    • 0024436506 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of microglia and astrocytes to amyloid deposits of Alzheimer disease
    • 24. Itagaki, S.; McGeer, P. L.; Akiyama, H.; Zhu, S.; Selkoe, D. Relationship of microglia and astrocytes to amyloid deposits of Alzheimer disease. J. Neuroimmunol. 24:173-182; 1989.
    • (1989) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.24 , pp. 173-182
    • Itagaki, S.1    McGeer, P.L.2    Akiyama, H.3    Zhu, S.4    Selkoe, D.5
  • 25
    • 0028217539 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural localization of complement membrane attack complex (MAC)-like immunoreactivity in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • 25. Itagaki, S.; Akiyama, H.; Saito, H.; McGeer, P. L. Ultrastructural localization of complement membrane attack complex (MAC)-like immunoreactivity in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 645:78-84; 1994.
    • (1994) Brain Res. , vol.645 , pp. 78-84
    • Itagaki, S.1    Akiyama, H.2    Saito, H.3    McGeer, P.L.4
  • 26
    • 0028178458 scopus 로고
    • β-Amyloid activates complement by binding to a specific region of the collagen-like domain of the C1q A chain
    • 26. Jiang, H.; Burdick, D.; Glabe, C. G.; Cotman, C. W.; Tenner, A. J. β-Amyloid activates complement by binding to a specific region of the collagen-like domain of the C1q A chain. J. Immunol. 152:5050-5059; 1994.
    • (1994) J. Immunol. , vol.152 , pp. 5050-5059
    • Jiang, H.1    Burdick, D.2    Glabe, C.G.3    Cotman, C.W.4    Tenner, A.J.5
  • 27
    • 0026493918 scopus 로고
    • DNA binds and activates complement via residues 14-26 of the human C1q A chain
    • 27. Jiang, H.; Cooper, B.; Robey, F. A.; Gewurz, H. DNA binds and activates complement via residues 14-26 of the human C1q A chain. J. Biol. Chem. 267:25587-25601; 1992.
    • (1992) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.267 , pp. 25587-25601
    • Jiang, H.1    Cooper, B.2    Robey, F.A.3    Gewurz, H.4
  • 28
    • 0026536481 scopus 로고
    • Localization of sites through which C-reactive protein binds and activates complement to residues 14-26 and 76-92 of the human C1q A chain
    • 28. Jiang, H.; Robey, F. A.; Gewurz, H. Localization of sites through which C-reactive protein binds and activates complement to residues 14-26 and 76-92 of the human C1q A chain. J. Exp. Med. 175:1373-1379; 1992.
    • (1992) J. Exp. Med. , vol.175 , pp. 1373-1379
    • Jiang, H.1    Robey, F.A.2    Gewurz, H.3
  • 29
    • 0026622098 scopus 로고
    • Complement mRNA in the mammalian brain: Responses to Alzheimer's disease and experimental brain lesioning
    • 29. Johnson, S. A.; Lampert-Etchells, M.; Pasinetti, G. M.; Rozovsky, I.; Finch, C. E. Complement mRNA in the mammalian brain: Responses to Alzheimer's disease and experimental brain lesioning. Neurobiol. Aging 13:641-648; 1992.
    • (1992) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.13 , pp. 641-648
    • Johnson, S.A.1    Lampert-Etchells, M.2    Pasinetti, G.M.3    Rozovsky, I.4    Finch, C.E.5
  • 30
    • 0027288860 scopus 로고
    • Amyloid β-protein as a substrate interacts with extracellular matrix to promote neurite outgrowth
    • 30. Koo, E. H.; Park, L.; Selkoe, D. J. Amyloid β-protein as a substrate interacts with extracellular matrix to promote neurite outgrowth. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:4748-4752; 1993.
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 4748-4752
    • Koo, E.H.1    Park, L.2    Selkoe, D.J.3
  • 31
    • 0027298505 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine production by human fetal microglia: Differential induction by lipopolysaccharide and IL-1β
    • 31. Lee, S. C.; Liu, W.; Dickson, D. W.; Brosnan, C. F.; Berman, J. W. Cytokine production by human fetal microglia: Differential induction by lipopolysaccharide and IL-1β. J. Immunol. 150:2659-2667; 1993.
    • (1993) J. Immunol. , vol.150 , pp. 2659-2667
    • Lee, S.C.1    Liu, W.2    Dickson, D.W.3    Brosnan, C.F.4    Berman, J.W.5
  • 32
    • 0027502784 scopus 로고
    • Thioflavine T interaction with synthetic Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid peptides: Detection of amyloid aggregation in solution
    • 32. LeVine, H. Thioflavine T interaction with synthetic Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid peptides: Detection of amyloid aggregation in solution. Protein Sci. 2:404-410; 1993.
    • (1993) Protein Sci. , vol.2 , pp. 404-410
    • LeVine, H.1
  • 33
    • 0003175904 scopus 로고
    • β-Amyloid(25-25) enhances release of interleukin-1β from activated human monocytes
    • 33. Lorton, D.; Kocsis, J. M.; King, L.; Madden, K.; Brunden, K. R. β-Amyloid(25-25) enhances release of interleukin-1β from activated human monocytes. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 19:186; 1993.
    • (1993) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.19 , pp. 186
    • Lorton, D.1    Kocsis, J.M.2    King, L.3    Madden, K.4    Brunden, K.R.5
  • 34
    • 0027104778 scopus 로고
    • Full complement activation fails in diffuse plaques of the Alzheimer's disease cerebellum
    • 34. Lue, L.-F.; Rogers, J. Full complement activation fails in diffuse plaques of the Alzheimer's disease cerebellum. Dementia 3:308-313; 1992.
    • (1992) Dementia , vol.3 , pp. 308-313
    • Lue, L.-F.1    Rogers, J.2
  • 35
    • 0025303784 scopus 로고
    • Astrocytes and the plaques of Alzheimer's disease
    • 35. Mandybur, T. I.; Chuirazzi, B. A. Astrocytes and the plaques of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 40:635-639; 1990.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 635-639
    • Mandybur, T.I.1    Chuirazzi, B.A.2
  • 36
    • 0026537880 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of clusterin in Alzheimer brain tissue
    • 36. McGeer, P. L.; Kawamata, T.; Walker, D. G. Distribution of clusterin in Alzheimer brain tissue. Brain Res. 579:337-341; 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res. , vol.579 , pp. 337-341
    • McGeer, P.L.1    Kawamata, T.2    Walker, D.G.3
  • 38
    • 0025950987 scopus 로고
    • A mutation in the amyloid precursor protein associated with hereditary Alzheimer's disease
    • 38. Murrell, J.; Farlow, M.; Ghetti, B.; Benson, M. D. A mutation in the amyloid precursor protein associated with hereditary Alzheimer's disease. Science 254:97-99; 1991.
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 97-99
    • Murrell, J.1    Farlow, M.2    Ghetti, B.3    Benson, M.D.4
  • 39
    • 0021266745 scopus 로고
    • The C1q receptor site on human immunoglobulin G
    • 39. Painter, R. H. The C1q receptor site on human immunoglobulin G. Can. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 62:418-425; 1984.
    • (1984) Can. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. , vol.62 , pp. 418-425
    • Painter, R.H.1
  • 40
    • 0026470167 scopus 로고
    • MHC class II-positive microglia in human brain: Association with Alzheimer lesions
    • 40. Perlmutter, L. S.; Scott, S. A.; Barron, E.; Chui, H. C. MHC class II-positive microglia in human brain: Association with Alzheimer lesions. J. Neurosci. Res. 33:549-558; 1992.
    • (1992) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.33 , pp. 549-558
    • Perlmutter, L.S.1    Scott, S.A.2    Barron, E.3    Chui, H.C.4
  • 41
    • 0027447286 scopus 로고
    • Neurodegeneration induced by β-amyloid peptides in vitro; the role of peptide assembly state
    • 41. Pike, C. J.; Burdick, D.; Walencewicz, A. J.; Glabe, C. G.; Cotman, C. W. Neurodegeneration induced by β-amyloid peptides in vitro; The role of peptide assembly state. J. Neurosci. 13:1676-1687; 1993.
    • (1993) J. Neurosci. , vol.13 , pp. 1676-1687
    • Pike, C.J.1    Burdick, D.2    Walencewicz, A.J.3    Glabe, C.G.4    Cotman, C.W.5
  • 42
    • 0028172346 scopus 로고
    • β-Amyloid-induced changes in cultured astrocytes parallel reactive astrocytosis associated with senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease
    • 42. Pike, C. J.; Cummings, B. J.; Monzavi, R.; Cotman, C. W. β-Amyloid-induced changes in cultured astrocytes parallel reactive astrocytosis associated with senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 63:517-531; 1994.
    • (1994) Neuroscience , vol.63 , pp. 517-531
    • Pike, C.J.1    Cummings, B.J.2    Monzavi, R.3    Cotman, C.W.4
  • 43
    • 0025992417 scopus 로고
    • In vitro aging of β-amyloid protein causes peptide aggregation and neurotoxicity
    • 43. Pike, C. J.; Walencewicz, A. J.; Glabe, C. G.; Cotman, C. W. In vitro aging of β-amyloid protein causes peptide aggregation and neurotoxicity. Brain Res. 563:311-314; 1991.
    • (1991) Brain Res. , vol.563 , pp. 311-314
    • Pike, C.J.1    Walencewicz, A.J.2    Glabe, C.G.3    Cotman, C.W.4
  • 46
    • 0024394987 scopus 로고
    • Microglial cells around amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease express leucocyte adhesion molecules of the LFA-1 family
    • 46. Rozemuller, J. M.; Eikelenboom, P.; Pals, S. T.; Stam, F. C. Microglial cells around amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease express leucocyte adhesion molecules of the LFA-1 family. Neurosci. Lett. 101: 288-292; 1989.
    • (1989) Neurosci. Lett. , vol.101 , pp. 288-292
    • Rozemuller, J.M.1    Eikelenboom, P.2    Pals, S.T.3    Stam, F.C.4
  • 49
    • 0027956675 scopus 로고
    • High tissue content of soluble β1-40 is linked to cerebral amyloid angiopathy
    • 49. Suzuki, N.; Iwatsubo, T.; Odaka, A.; Ishibashi, Y.; Kitada, C.; Ihara, Y. High tissue content of soluble β1-40 is linked to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Am. J. Pathol. 145:452-460; 1994.
    • (1994) Am. J. Pathol. , vol.145 , pp. 452-460
    • Suzuki, N.1    Iwatsubo, T.2    Odaka, A.3    Ishibashi, Y.4    Kitada, C.5    Ihara, Y.6
  • 50
    • 0026708978 scopus 로고
    • Brain macrophages: Evaluation of microglia and their function
    • 50. Thomas, W. E. Brain macrophages: Evaluation of microglia and their function. Brain Res. Rev. 17:61-74; 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Res. Rev. , vol.17 , pp. 61-74
    • Thomas, W.E.1
  • 51
    • 0025335717 scopus 로고
    • Reactive microglia express class I and class II major histocompatibility antigens in Alzheimer's disease
    • 51. Tooyama, I.; Kimura, H.; Akiyama, H.; McGeer, P. L. Reactive microglia express class I and class II major histocompatibility antigens in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 523:273-280; 1990.
    • (1990) Brain Res. , vol.523 , pp. 273-280
    • Tooyama, I.1    Kimura, H.2    Akiyama, H.3    McGeer, P.L.4
  • 52
    • 0028923898 scopus 로고
    • Complement and cytokine gene expression in cultured microglia derived from postmortem human brains
    • 52. Walker, D. G.; Kim, S. U.; McGeer, P. L. Complement and cytokine gene expression in cultured microglia derived from postmortem human brains. J. Neurosci. Res. 40:478-493; 1995.
    • (1995) J. Neurosci. Res. , vol.40 , pp. 478-493
    • Walker, D.G.1    Kim, S.U.2    McGeer, P.L.3
  • 53
    • 0003045636 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural morphology and immunocytochemistry of β-amyloid classical, primitive and diffuse plaques
    • Ishii, T.; Allsop, D.; Selkoe, D. J., eds. New York: Elsevier
    • 53. Wisniewski, H. M.; Wegiel, J.; Strojny, P.; Wang, K.-C.; Kim, K.-S.; Burrage, T. Ultrastructural morphology and immunocytochemistry of β-amyloid classical, primitive and diffuse plaques. In: Ishii, T.; Allsop, D.; Selkoe, D. J., eds. Frontiers of Alzheimer research. New York: Elsevier; 1991:99-108.
    • (1991) Frontiers of Alzheimer Research , pp. 99-108
    • Wisniewski, H.M.1    Wegiel, J.2    Strojny, P.3    Wang, K.-C.4    Kim, K.-S.5    Burrage, T.6
  • 54
    • 0024413224 scopus 로고
    • Spectrum of morphological appearance of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease
    • 54. Wisniewski, H. M.; Bancher, C.; Barcikowska, M.; Wen, G. Y.; Gurie, J. Spectrum of morphological appearance of amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol. 78:337-347; 1989.
    • (1989) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.78 , pp. 337-347
    • Wisniewski, H.M.1    Bancher, C.2    Barcikowska, M.3    Wen, G.Y.4    Gurie, J.5
  • 55
    • 0027453380 scopus 로고
    • Cytokine indices in Alzheimer's temporal cortex: No changes in mature IL-1 or IL-1RA but increases in the associated acute phase proteins IL-6, α2-macroglobulin and C-reactive protein
    • 55. Wood, J. A.; Wood, P. L.; Ryan, R.; Graff-Radford, N. R.; Pilapil, C.; Robitaille, Y.; Quirion, R. Cytokine indices in Alzheimer's temporal cortex: no changes in mature IL-1 or IL-1RA but increases in the associated acute phase proteins IL-6, α2-macroglobulin and C-reactive protein. Brain Res. 629:245-252; 1993.
    • (1993) Brain Res. , vol.629 , pp. 245-252
    • Wood, J.A.1    Wood, P.L.2    Ryan, R.3    Graff-Radford, N.R.4    Pilapil, C.5    Robitaille, Y.6    Quirion, R.7
  • 56
    • 0029670992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deposits of A fibrils are not toxic to cortical and hippocampal neurons in vitro
    • 56. Wujek, J. R.; Dority, M. D.; Frederickson, R. C. A.; Brunden, K. R. Deposits of A fibrils are not toxic to cortical and hippocampal neurons in vitro. Neurobiol. Aging 17:107-113; 1996.
    • (1996) Neurobiol. Aging , vol.17 , pp. 107-113
    • Wujek, J.R.1    Dority, M.D.2    Frederickson, R.C.A.3    Brunden, K.R.4
  • 57
    • 0027394985 scopus 로고
    • Human serum amyloid P component oligomers bind and activate the classical complement pathway via residues 14-26 and 76-92 of the A chain collagen-like region of C1q
    • 57. Ying, S.-C.; Gewurz, A. T.; Jiang, H.; Gewurz, H. Human serum amyloid P component oligomers bind and activate the classical complement pathway via residues 14-26 and 76-92 of the A chain collagen-like region of C1q. J. Immunol. 150:169-176; 1993.
    • (1993) J. Immunol. , vol.150 , pp. 169-176
    • Ying, S.-C.1    Gewurz, A.T.2    Jiang, H.3    Gewurz, H.4
  • 58
    • 0000139583 scopus 로고
    • Immunohistochemical distribution of the inhibitors of the terminal complement cascade in Alzheimer's disease
    • 58. Zhan, S.-S.; Veerhuis, R.; Janssen, I.; Kamphorst, W.; Eikelenboom, P. Immunohistochemical distribution of the inhibitors of the terminal complement cascade in Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegen. 3:111-117; 1994.
    • (1994) Neurodegen. , vol.3 , pp. 111-117
    • Zhan, S.-S.1    Veerhuis, R.2    Janssen, I.3    Kamphorst, W.4    Eikelenboom, P.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.