Phytochemicals that influence gut microbiota as prophylactics and for the treatment of obesity and inflammatory diseases

Mediators of Inflammation

Volumn 2018, Issue , 2018, Pages

  Carrera Quintanar, Lucrecia ^a   Roa, Rocío I López ^a   Quintero Fabián, Saray ^b   Sánchez Sánchez, Marina A ^a   Vizmanos, Barbara ^a   Ortuño Sahagún, Daniel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GUADALAJARA   (Mexico)

^b UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

POLYPHENOL;

ANIMAL; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; INFLAMMATION; INTESTINE FLORA; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; OBESITY; PHYSIOLOGY;

ANIMALS; GASTROINTESTINAL MICROBIOME; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; OBESITY; POLYPHENOLS;

EID: 85054097205     PISSN: 09629351     EISSN: 14661861     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2018/9734845     Document Type: Article

References (200)

1. E. J. Gallagher, D. Leroith, and E. Karnieli, "The metabolic syndrome-from insulin resistance to obesity and diabetes," Medical Clinics of North America, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 855-873, 2011.
2. J. J. Guerrero-Garcia, L. Carrera-Quintanar, R. I. Lopez-Roa, A. L. Marquez-Aguirre, A. E. Rojas-Mayorquin, and D. Ortuno-Sahagun, "Multiple sclerosis and obesity: possible roles of adipokines," Mediators of Inflammation, vol. 2016, Article ID 4036232, 24 pages, 2016.
3. D. K. Dahiya, P. M. Renuka, U. K. Shandilya et al., "Gut microbiota modulation and its relationship with obesity using prebiotic fibers and probiotics: a review," Frontiers in Microbiology, vol. 8, p. 563, 2017.
4. F. Del Chierico, P. Vernocchi, L. Bonizzi et al., "Early-life gut microbiota under physiological and pathological conditions: the central role of combined meta-omics-based approaches," Journal of Proteomics, vol. 75, no. 15, pp. 4580-4587, 2012.
5. J. C. Clemente, L. K. Ursell, L. W. Parfrey, and R. Knight, "The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view," Cell, vol. 148, no. 6, pp. 1258-1270, 2012.
6. C. C. Smith, L. K. Snowberg, J. Gregory Caporaso, R. Knight, and D. I. Bolnick, "Dietary input of microbes and host genetic variation shape among-population differences in stickleback gut microbiota," The ISME Journal, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 2515-2526, 2015.
7. C. Leung, L. Rivera, J. B. Furness, and P. W. Angus, "The role of the gut microbiota in NAFLD," Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 412-425, 2016.
8. E. Perez-Chanona and G. Trinchieri, "The role of microbiota in cancer therapy," Current Opinion in Immunology, vol. 39, pp. 75-81, 2016.
9. C. T. Peterson, V. Sharma, L. Elmen, and S. N. Peterson, "Immune homeostasis, dysbiosis and therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiota," Clinical & Experimental Immunology, vol. 179, no. 3, pp. 363-377, 2015.
10. R. Medzhitov, "Toll-like receptors and innate immunity," Nature Reviews Immunology, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 135-145, 2001.
11. F. Fava and S. Danese, "Intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease: friend of foe," The World Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 557-566, 2011.
12. M. B. Roberfroid, "Prebiotics and probiotics: are they functional foods," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 71, no. 6, Supplement, pp. 1682S-1687S, 2000.
13. D. Ortuno Sahagun, A. L. Marquez-Aguirre, S. Quintero-Fabian, R. I. Lopez-Roa, and A. E. Rojas-Mayorquin, "Modulation of PPAR-by nutraceutics as complementary treatment for obesity-related disorders and inflammatory diseases," PPAR Research, vol. 2012, Article ID 318613, 17 pages, 2012.
14. R. G. Kok, A. de Waal, F. Schut, G. W. Welling, G. Weenk, and K. J. Hellingwerf, "Specific detection and analysis of a probiotic bifidobacterium strain in infant feces," Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol. 62, no. 10, pp. 3668-3672, 1996.
15. R. E. Ley, C. A. Lozupone, M. Hamady, R. Knight, and J. I. Gordon, "Worlds within worlds: evolution of the vertebrate gut microbiota," Nature Reviews Microbiology, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 776-788, 2008.
16. G. D. Wu, J. Chen, C. Hoffmann et al., "Linking long-term dietary patterns with gut microbial enterotypes," Science, vol. 334, no. 6052, pp. 105-108, 2011.
17. K. A. Pyra, D. C. Saha, and R. A. Reimer, "Prebiotic fiber increases hepatic acetyl CoA carboxylase phosphorylation and suppresses glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion more effectively when used with metformin in obese rats," The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 142, no. 2, pp. 213-220, 2012.
18. J. M. Laparra and Y. Sanz, "Interactions of gut microbiota with functional food components and nutraceuticals," Pharmacological Research, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 219-225, 2010.
19. H. M. Eid, M. L. Wright, N. V. Anil Kumar et al., "Significance of microbiota in obesity and metabolic diseases and the modulatory potential by medicinal plant and food ingredients," Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 8, p. 387, 2017.
20. K. P. Scott, S. W. Gratz, P. O. Sheridan, H. J. Flint, and S. H. Duncan, "The influence of diet on the gut microbiota," Pharmacological Research, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 52-60, 2013.
21. R. H. Liu, "Potential synergy of phytochemicals in cancer prevention: mechanism of action," The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 134, no. 12, pp. 3479S-3485S, 2004.
22. J. Schrezenmeir and M. de Vrese, "Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-approaching a definition," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 361s-364s, 2001.
23. A. T. Vieira, C. Fukumori, and C. M. Ferreira, "New insights into therapeutic strategies for gut microbiota modulation in inflammatory diseases," Clinical & Translational Immunology, vol. 5, no. 6, article e87, 2016.
24. A. Scalbert, I. T. Johnson, and M. Saltmarsh, "Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 215S-217S, 2005.
25. F. A. Tomas-Barberan, M. V. Selma, and J. C. Espin, "Interactions of gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols and consequences to human health," Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 471-476, 2016.
26. M. Kim, J. Lee, and J. Han, "Deglycosylation of isoflavone Cglycosides by newly isolated human intestinal bacteria," Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol. 95, no. 9, pp. 1925-1931, 2015.
27. U. Lewandowska, K. Szewczyk, E. Hrabec, A. Janecka, and S. Gorlach, "Overview of metabolism and bioavailability enhancement of polyphenols," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 61, no. 50, pp. 12183-12199, 2013.
28. J. F. Stevens and C. S. Maier, "The chemistry of gut microbial metabolism of polyphenols," Phytochemistry Reviews, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 425-444, 2016.
29. M. Larrosa, C. Luceri, E. Vivoli et al., "Polyphenol metabolites from colonic microbiota exert anti-inflammatory activity on different inflammation models," Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1044-1054, 2009.
30. E. Bowey, H. Adlercreutz, and I. Rowland, "Metabolism of isoflavones and lignans by the gut microflora: a study in germ-free and human flora associated rats," Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 631-636, 2003.
31. A. Duda-Chodak, "The inhibitory effect of polyphenols on human gut microbiota," Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 497-503, 2012.
32. K. B. Pandey and S. I. Rizvi, "Plant polyphenols as dietary antioxidants in human health and disease," Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2, no. 5, 278 pages, 2009.
33. A. Medina-Remon, R. Casas, A. Tressserra-Rimbau et al., "Polyphenol intake from a Mediterranean diet decreases inflammatory biomarkers related to atherosclerosis: a substudy of the PREDIMED trial," British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 114-128, 2017.
34. M. Zeinali, S. A. Rezaee, and H. Hosseinzadeh, "An overview on immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of chrysin and flavonoids substances," Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, vol. 92, pp. 998-1009, 2017.
35. R. Conte, V. Marturano, G. Peluso, A. Calarco, and P. Cerruti, "Recent advances in nanoparticle-mediated delivery of anti-inflammatory phytocompounds," International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 18, no. 4, p. 709, 2017.
36. D. P. Xu, Y. Li, X. Meng et al., "Natural antioxidants in foods and medicinal plants: extraction, assessment and resources," International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 96, 2017.
37. Y. Kim, J. B. Keogh, and P. M. Clifton, "Polyphenols and glycemic control," Nutrients, vol. 8, no. 1, 17 pages, 2016.
38. M. J. Amiot, C. Riva, and A. Vinet, "Effects of dietary polyphenols on metabolic syndrome features in humans: a systematic review," Obesity Reviews, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 573-586, 2016.
39. M. Meydani and S. T. Hasan, "Dietary polyphenols and obesity," Nutrients, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 737-751, 2010.
40. S. Y. Min, H. Yang, S. G. Seo et al., "Cocoa polyphenols suppress adipogenesis in vitro and obesity in vivo by targeting insulin receptor," International Journal of Obesity, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 584-592, 2013.
41. A. B. Kunnumakkara, D. Bordoloi, G. Padmavathi et al., "Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases," British Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 174, no. 11, pp. 1325-1348, 2017.
42. H. Shimoda, J. Tanaka, M. Kikuchi et al., "Effect of polyphenol-rich extract from walnut on diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia in mice via enhancement of fatty acid oxidation in the liver," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1786-1792, 2009.
43. S. J. Stohs and V. Badmaev, "A review of natural stimulant and non-stimulant thermogenic agents," Phytotherapy Research, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 732-740, 2016.
44. Y. Gu, W. J. Hurst, D. A. Stuart, and J. D. Lambert, "Inhibition of key digestive enzymes by cocoa extracts and procyanidins," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 5305-5311, 2011.
45. H. C. Lee, A. M. Jenner, C. S. Low, and Y. K. Lee, "Effect of tea phenolics and their aromatic fecal bacterial metabolites on intestinal microbiota," Research in Microbiology, vol. 157, no. 9, pp. 876-884, 2006.
46. E. Medina, A. García, C. Romero, A. De Castro, and M. Brenes, "Study of the anti-lactic acid bacteria compounds in table olives," International Journal of Food Science & Technology, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1286-1291, 2009.
47. L. J. Nohynek, H. L. Alakomi, M. P. Kähkönen et al., "Berry phenolics: antimicrobial properties and mechanisms of action against severe human pathogens," Nutrition and Cancer, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 18-32, 2006.
48. R. Puupponen-Pimia, L. Nohynek, S. Hartmann-Schmidlin et al., "Berry phenolics selectively inhibit the growth of intestinal pathogens," Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 991-1000, 2005.
49. X. Tzounis, J. Vulevic, G. G. Kuhnle et al., "Flavanol monomer-induced changes to the human faecal microflora," The British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 782-792, 2008.
50. S. G. Parkar, D. E. Stevenson, and M. A. Skinner, "The potential influence of fruit polyphenols on colonic microflora and human gut health," International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol. 124, no. 3, pp. 295-298, 2008.
51. N. A. L. f. United States Department of Agriculture, "Defenition: nutritional intervention," 2017, https://definedterm.com/nutritional-intervention.
52. S. Kumar and A. K. Pandey, "Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview," The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2013, Article ID 162750, 16 pages, 2013.
53. G. Agati, E. Azzarello, S. Pollastri, and M. Tattini, "Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance," Plant Science, vol. 196, pp. 67-76, 2012.
54. G. B. Bubols, R. Vianna Dda, A. Medina-Remon et al., "The antioxidant activity of coumarins and flavonoids," Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 318-334, 2013.
55. L. Marzocchella, M. Fantini, M. Benvenuto et al., "Dietary flavonoids: molecular mechanisms of action as anti-inflammatory agents," Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 200-220, 2011.
56. M. Antunes-Ricardo, J. Gutierrez-Uribe, and S. O. Serna-Saldivar, "Anti-inflammatory glycosylated flavonoids as therapeutic agents for treatment of diabetes-impaired wounds," Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 15, no. 23, pp. 2456-2463, 2015.
57. M. E. van Meeteren, J. J. Hendriks, C. D. Dijkstra, and E. A. van Tol, "Dietary compounds prevent oxidative damage and nitric oxide production by cells involved in demyelinating disease," Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 967-975, 2004.
58. R. T. Hurt and T. Wilson, "Geriatric obesity: evaluating the evidence for the use of flavonoids to promote weight loss," Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 269-289, 2012.
59. M. Kawser Hossain, A. Abdal Dayem, J. Han et al., "Molecular mechanisms of the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties of flavonoids," International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 17, no. 4, p. 569, 2016.
60. A. L. Simons, M. Renouf, S. Hendrich, and P. A. Murphy, "Human gut microbial degradation of flavonoids: structure-function relationships," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 53, no. 10, pp. 4258-4263, 2005.
61. L. Hanske, G. Loh, S. Sczesny, M. Blaut, and A. Braune, "The bioavailability of apigenin-7-glucoside is influenced by human intestinal microbiota in rats," The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 139, no. 6, pp. 1095-1102, 2009.
62. A. Braune and M. Blaut, "Deglycosylation of puerarin and other aromatic C-glucosides by a newly isolated human intestinal bacterium," Environmental Microbiology, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 482-494, 2011.
63. D. Angelino, M. Berhow, P. Ninfali, and E. H. Jeffery, "Caecal absorption of vitexin-2-O-xyloside and its aglycone apigenin, in the rat," Food & Function, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 1339-1345, 2013.
64. J. H. Lee, H. Y. Zhou, S. Y. Cho, Y. S. Kim, Y. S. Lee, and C. S. Jeong, "Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of apigenin: inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression, adhesion of monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and expression of cellular adhesion molecules," Archives of Pharmacal Research, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1318-1327, 2007.
65. M. Karamese, H. S. Erol, M. Albayrak, G. Findik Guvendi, E. Aydin, and S. Aksak Karamese, "Anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory effects of apigenin in a rat model of sepsis: an immunological, biochemical, and histopathological study," Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 228-237, 2016.
66. J. A. Lee, S. K. Ha, E. Cho, and I. Choi, "Resveratrol as a bioenhancer to improve anti-inflammatory activities of apigenin," Nutrients, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 9650-9661, 2015.
67. C. Mascaraque, R. Gonzalez, M. D. Suarez, A. Zarzuelo, F. Sanchez de Medina, and O. Martinez-Augustin, "Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of apigenin K in two rat colitis models induced by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and dextran sulphate sodium," The British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 113, no. 04, pp. 618-626, 2015.
68. G. Seelinger, I. Merfort, and C. M. Schempp, "Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic activities of luteolin," Planta Medica, vol. 74, no. 14, pp. 1667-1677, 2008.
69. S. F. Nabavi, N. Braidy, O. Gortzi et al., "Luteolin as an antiinflammatory and neuroprotective agent: a brief review," Brain Research Bulletin, vol. 119, Part A, pp. 1-11, 2015.
70. X. Feng, D. Weng, F. Zhou et al., "Activation of PPAR by a natural flavonoid modulator, apigenin ameliorates obesity-related inflammation via regulation of macrophage polarization," eBioMedicine, vol. 9, pp. 61-76, 2016.
71. B. Ren, W. Qin, F. Wu et al., "Apigenin and naringenin regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, and ameliorate vascular dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats," European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 773, pp. 13-23, 2016.
72. X. Zhang, Y. Yang, Z. Wu, and P. Weng, "The modulatory effect of anthocyanins from purple sweet potato on human intestinal microbiota in vitro," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 64, no. 12, pp. 2582-2590, 2016.
73. E. Y. Kwon, U. J. Jung, T. Park, J. W. Yun, and M. S. Choi, "Luteolin attenuates hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance through the interplay between the liver and adipose tissue in mice with diet-induced obesity," Diabetes, vol. 64, no. 5, pp. 1658-1669, 2015.
74. Y. Liu, X. Fu, N. Lan et al., "Luteolin protects against high fat diet-induced cognitive deficits in obesity mice," Behavioural Brain Research, vol. 267, pp. 178-188, 2014.
75. N. Xu, L. Zhang, J. Dong et al., "Low-dose diet supplement of a natural flavonoid, luteolin, ameliorates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice," Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 1258-1268, 2014.
76. J. H. Choi and J. W. Yun, "Chrysin induces brown fat-like phenotype and enhances lipid metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes," Nutrition, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1002-1010, 2016.
77. W. Lin, W. Wang, H. Yang, D. Wang, and W. Ling, "Influence of intestinal microbiota on the catabolism of flavonoids in mice," Journal of Food Science, vol. 81, no. 12, pp. H3026-H3034, 2016.
78. A. Braune and M. Blaut, "Bacterial species involved in the conversion of dietary flavonoids in the human gut," Gut Microbes, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 216-234, 2016.
79. Q. Q. Wang, J. B. Shi, C. Chen, C. Huang, W. J. Tang, and J. Li, "Hesperetin derivatives: synthesis and antiinflammatory activity," Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1460-1465, 2016.
80. H. Parhiz, A. Roohbakhsh, F. Soltani, R. Rezaee, and M. Iranshahi, "Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin: an updated review of their molecular mechanisms and experimental models," Phytotherapy Research, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 323-331, 2015.
81. M. F. Manchope, R. Casagrande, and W. A. Verri Jr., "Naringenin: an analgesic and anti-inflammatory citrus flavanone," Oncotarget, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 3766-3767, 2017.
82. K. M. Lee, Y. Lee, H. J. Chun et al., "Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of morin in a murine model of Parkinson's disease," Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol. 94, no. 10, pp. 865-878, 2016.
83. S. Franova, I. Kazimierova, L. Pappova, M. Joskova, L. Plank, and M. Sutovska, "Bronchodilatory, antitussive and antiinflammatory effect of morin in the setting of experimentally induced allergic asthma," The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol. 68, no. 8, pp. 1064-1072, 2016.
84. Y. Zhou, Z. Q. Cao, H. Y. Wang et al., "The antiinflammatory effects of Morin hydrate in atherosclerosis is associated with autophagy induction through cAMP signaling," Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 61, no. 9, article 1600966, 2017.
85. I. Mokdad-Bzeouich, N. Mustapha, A. Sassi et al., "Investigation of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of eriodictyol through its cellular anti-oxidant activity," Cell Stress and Chaperones, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 773-781, 2016.
86. J. K. Lee, "Anti-inflammatory effects of eriodictyol in lipopolysaccharidestimulated raw 264.7 murine macrophages," Archives of Pharmacal Research, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 671-679, 2011.
87. G. F. Zhu, H. J. Guo, Y. Huang, C. T. Wu, and X. F. Zhang, "Eriodictyol, a plant flavonoid, attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity," Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 2259-2266, 2015.
88. H. K. Kim, T. S. Jeong, M. K. Lee, Y. B. Park, and M. S. Choi, "Lipid-lowering efficacy of hesperetin metabolites in highcholesterol fed rats," Clinica Chimica Acta, vol. 327, no. 1-2, pp. 129-137, 2003.
89. G. S. Choi, S. Lee, T. S. Jeong et al., "Evaluation of hesperetin 7-O-lauryl ether as lipid-lowering agent in high-cholesterolfed rats," Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 13, pp. 3599-3605, 2004.
90. J. M. Assini, E. E. Mulvihill, A. C. Burke et al., "Naringenin prevents obesity, hepatic steatosis, and glucose intolerance in male mice independent of fibroblast growth factor 21," Endocrinology, vol. 156, no. 6, pp. 2087-2102, 2015.
91. H. Yoshida, H. Watanabe, A. Ishida et al., "Naringenin suppresses macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue in an early phase of high-fat diet-induced obesity," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 454, no. 1, pp. 95-101, 2014.
92. M. Miler, J. Zivanovi, V. Ajdžanovi et al., "Citrus flavanones naringenin and hesperetin improve antioxidant status and membrane lipid compositions in the liver of old-aged Wistar rats," Experimental Gerontology, vol. 84, pp. 49-60, 2016.
93. P. Prahalathan, M. Saravanakumar, and B. Raja, "The flavonoid morin restores blood pressure and lipid metabolism in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats," Redox Report, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 167-175, 2012.
94. X. Wang, D. M. Zhang, T. T. Gu et al., "Morin reduces hepatic inflammation-associated lipid accumulation in high fructose-fed rats via inhibiting sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine 1-phosphate signaling pathway," Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 86, no. 12, pp. 1791-1804, 2013.
95. D. H. Kim, E. A. Jung, I. S. Sohng, J. A. Han, T. H. Kim, and M. J. Han, "Intestinal bacterial metabolism of flavonoids and its relation to some biological activities," Archives of Pharmacal Research, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 17-23, 1998.
96. S. Bharti, N. Rani, B. Krishnamurthy, and D. S. Arya, "Preclinical evidence for the pharmacological actions of naringin: a review," Planta Medica, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 437-451, 2014.
97. B. Dinda, S. Dinda, S. DasSharma, R. Banik, A. Chakraborty, and M. Dinda, "Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders," European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 131, pp. 68-80, 2017.
98. Z. Zhou, W. Zhong, H. Lin et al., "Hesperidin protects against acute alcoholic injury through improving lipid metabolism and cell damage in zebrafish larvae," Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2017, Article ID 7282653, 9 pages, 2017.
99. T. Ohara, K. Muroyama, Y. Yamamoto, and S. Murosaki, "Oral intake of a combination of glucosyl hesperidin and caffeine elicits an anti-obesity effect in healthy, moderately obese subjects: a randomized double-blind placebocontrolled trial," Nutrition Journal, vol. 15, p. 6, 2016.
100. M. A. Alam, K. Kauter, and L. Brown, "Naringin improves diet-induced cardiovascular dysfunction and obesity in high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats," Nutrients, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 637-650, 2013.
101. M. J. Seo, H. S. Choi, H. J. Jeon, M. S. Woo, and B. Y. Lee, "Baicalein inhibits lipid accumulation by regulating early adipogenesis and m-TOR signaling," Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 67, pp. 57-64, 2014.
102. S. J. Duthie, A. M. Jenkinson, A. Crozier et al., "The effects of cranberry juice consumption on antioxidant status and biomarkers relating to heart disease and cancer in healthy human volunteers," European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 113-122, 2006.
103. M. Rameshrad, B. M. Razavi, and H. Hosseinzadeh, "Protective effects of green tea and its main constituents against natural and chemical toxins: a comprehensive review," Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 100, pp. 115-137, 2017.
104. L. Chen, H. Mo, L. Zhao et al., "Therapeutic properties of green tea against environmental insults," The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, vol. 40, pp. 1-13, 2017.
105. P. L. Janssens, R. Hursel, and M. S. Westerterp-Plantenga, "Nutraceuticals for body-weight management: the role of green tea catechins," Physiology & Behavior, vol. 162, pp. 83-87, 2016.
106. F. Thielecke and M. Boschmann, "The potential role of green tea catechins in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome-a review," Phytochemistry, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 11-24, 2009.
107. F. Y. Fan, L. X. Sang, and M. Jiang, "Catechins and their therapeutic benefits to inflammatory bowel disease," Molecules, vol. 22, no. 3, p. 484, 2017.
108. R. Hursel and M. S. Westerterp-Plantenga, "Catechin-and caffeine-rich teas for control of body weight in humans," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 98, no. 6, pp. 1682S-1693S, 2013.
109. D. Porras, E. Nistal, S. Martinez-Florez et al., "Protective effect of quercetin on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice is mediated by modulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and related gut-liver axis activation," Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 102, pp. 188-202, 2017.
110. F. Le Sage, O. Meilhac, and M. P. Gonthier, "Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of polyphenols extracted from Antirhea borbonica medicinal plant on adipocytes exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides," Pharmacological Research, vol. 119, pp. 303-312, 2017.
111. J. W. Jeong, H. H. Lee, M. H. Han, G. Y. Kim, W. J. Kim, and Y. H. Choi, "Anti-inflammatory effects of genistein via suppression of the toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglia," Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 212, pp. 30-39, 2014.
112. M. B. Gupta, T. N. Bhalla, G. P. Gupta, C. R. Mitra, and K. P. Bhargava, "Anti-inflammatory activity of taxifolin," Japanese Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 377-382, 1971.
113. H. Huang, Z. Cheng, H. Shi, W. Xin, T. T. Wang, and L. L. Yu, "Isolation and characterization of two flavonoids, engeletin and astilbin, from the leaves of Engelhardia roxburghiana and their potential anti-inflammatory properties," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 59, no. 9, pp. 4562-4569, 2011.
114. C. L. Lu, Y. F. Zhu, M. M. Hu et al., "Optimization of astilbin extraction from the rhizome of Smilax glabra, and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory effect and probable underlying mechanism in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 macrophages," Molecules, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 625-644, 2015.
115. J. Cao, R. Echelberger, M. Liu et al., "Soy but not bisphenol A (BPA) or the phytoestrogen genistin alters developmental weight gain and food intake in pregnant rats and their offspring," Reproductive Toxicology, vol. 58, pp. 282-294, 2015.
116. S. Pisonero-Vaquero, M. V. Garcia-Mediavilla, F. Jorquera et al., "Modulation of PI3K-LXR-dependent lipogenesis mediated by oxidative/nitrosative stress contributes to inhibition of HCV replication by quercetin," Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 262-274, 2014.
117. H. Haraguchi, Y. Mochida, S. Sakai et al., "Protection against oxidative damage by dihydroflavonols in Engelhardtia chrysolepis," Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, vol. 60, no. 6, pp. 945-948, 1996.
118. N. J. Turner, B. M. Thomson, and I. C. Shaw, "Bioactive isoflavones in functional foods: the importance of gut microflora on bioavailability," Nutrition Reviews, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 204-213, 2003.
119. J. P. Yuan, J. H. Wang, and X. Liu, "Metabolism of dietary soy isoflavones to equol by human intestinal microflora-implications for health," Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 51, no. 7, pp. 765-781, 2007.
120. J. S. Park, M. S. Woo, D. H. Kim et al., "Antiinflammatory mechanisms of isoflavone metabolites in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells," The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, vol. 320, no. 3, pp. 1237-1245, 2007.
121. D. D. Ramdath, E. M. Padhi, S. Sarfaraz, S. Renwick, and A. M. Duncan, "Beyond the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein: a review of the effects of dietary soy and its constituents on risk factors for cardiovascular disease," Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 324, 2017.
122. E. J. Reverri, C. M. Slupsky, D. O. Mishchuk, and F. M. Steinberg, "Metabolomics reveals differences between three daidzein metabolizing phenotypes in adults with cardiometabolic risk factors," Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, vol. 61, no. 1, article 1600132, 2017.
123. I. R. Rowland, H. Wiseman, T. A. Sanders, H. Adlercreutz, and E. A. Bowey, "Interindividual variation in metabolism of soy isoflavones and lignans: influence of habitual diet on equol production by the gut microflora," Nutrition and Cancer, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 27-32, 2000.
124. H. Wiseman, J. D. O'Reilly, H. Adlercreutz et al., "Isoflavone phytoestrogens consumed in soy decrease F2-isoprostane concentrations and increase resistance of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in humans," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 395-400, 2000.
125. M. Hämäläinen, R. Nieminen, P. Vuorela, M. Heinonen, and E. Moilanen, "Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids: genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein inhibit STAT-1 and NF-B activations, whereas flavone, isorhamnetin, naringenin, and pelargonidin inhibit only NF-B activation along with their inhibitory effect on iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages," Mediators of Inflammation, vol. 2007, Article ID 45673, 10 pages, 2007.
126. V. van der Velpen, A. Geelen, P. C. Hollman, E. G. Schouten, P. van 't Veer, and L. A. Afman, "Isoflavone supplement composition and equol producer status affect gene expression in adipose tissue: a double-blind, randomized, placebocontrolled crossover trial in postmenopausal women," The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 100, no. 5, pp. 1269-1277, 2014.
127. Y. Zang, K. Igarashi, and C. Yu, "Anti-obese and anti-diabetic effects of a mixture of daidzin and glycitin on C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat diet," Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 117-123, 2015.
128. F. Marotta, G. S. Mao, T. Liu et al., "Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effect of a phytoestrogen compound on rat microglia," Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 1089, no. 1, pp. 276-281, 2006.
129. R. Lima Cavendish, J. de Souza Santos, R. Belo Neto et al., "Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of Brazilian red propolis extract and formononetin in rodents," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 173, pp. 127-133, 2015.
130. Z. Ma, W. Ji, Q. Fu, and S. Ma, "Formononetin inhibited the inflammation of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice associated with induction of PPAR gamma expression," Inflammation, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 1560-1566, 2013.
131. S. E. Jin, Y. K. Son, B. S. Min, H. A. Jung, and J. S. Choi, "Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities of constituents isolated from Pueraria lobata roots," Archives of Pharmacal Research, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 823-837, 2012.
132. J. He and M. M. Giusti, "Anthocyanins: natural colorants with health-promoting properties," Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 163-187, 2010.
133. S. Vendrame and D. Klimis-Zacas, "Anti-inflammatory effect of anthocyanins via modulation of nuclear factor-B and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling cascades," Nutrition Reviews, vol. 73, no. 6, pp. 348-358, 2015.
134. H. Guo and W. Ling, "The update of anthocyanins on obesity and type 2 diabetes: experimental evidence and clinical perspectives," Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1-13, 2015.
135. S. Asgary, M. Rafieian-Kopaei, F. Shamsi, S. Najafi, and A. Sahebkar, "Biochemical and histopathological study of the anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats," Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 63-69, 2014.
136. A. Basu, A. Nguyen, N. M. Betts, and T. J. Lyons, "Strawberry as a functional food: an evidence-based review," Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 790-806, 2014.
137. F. Giampieri, S. Tulipani, J. M. Alvarez-Suarez, J. L. Quiles, B. Mezzetti, and M. Battino, "The strawberry: composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health," Nutrition, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 9-19, 2012.
138. N. Shi, S. K. Clinton, Z. Liu et al., "Strawberry phytochemicals inhibit azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in Crj: CD-1 mice," Nutrients, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1696-1715, 2015.
139. E. Talero, J. Avila-Roman, and V. Motilva, "Chemoprevention with phytonutrients and microalgae products in chronic inflammation and colon cancer," Current Pharmaceutical Design, vol. 18, no. 26, pp. 3939-3965, 2012.
140. Y. Zeng, J. Liu, Z. Huang, X. Pan, and L. Zhang, "Effect of curcumin on antioxidant function in the mice with acute alcoholic liver injury," Wei Sheng Yan Jiu, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 282-285, 2014.
141. S. Burapan, M. Kim, and J. Han, "Curcuminoid demethylation as an alternative metabolism by human intestinal microbiota," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 65, no. 16, pp. 3305-3310, 2017.
142. R. M. McFadden, C. B. Larmonier, K. W. Shehab et al., "The role of curcumin in modulating colonic microbiota during colitis and colon cancer prevention," Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, vol. 21, no. 11, pp. 2483-2494, 2015.
143. F. Ullah, A. Liang, A. Rangel, E. Gyengesi, G. Niedermayer, and G. Munch, "High bioavailability curcumin: an antiinflammatory and neurosupportive bioactive nutrient for neurodegenerative diseases characterized by chronic neuroinflammation," Archives of Toxicology, vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 1623-1634, 2017.
144. Y. Tizabi, L. L. Hurley, Z. Qualls, and L. Akinfiresoye, "Relevance of the anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin in neurodegenerative diseases and depression," Molecules, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 20864-20879, 2014.
145. A. Shehzad, T. Ha, F. Subhan, and Y. S. Lee, "New mechanisms and the anti-inflammatory role of curcumin in obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases," European Journal of Nutrition, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 151-161, 2011.
146. B. B. Aggarwal, "Targeting inflammation-induced obesity and metabolic diseases by curcumin and other nutraceuticals," Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 173-199, 2010.
147. P. G. Bradford, "Curcumin and obesity," BioFactors, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 78-87, 2013.
148. B. Catalgol, S. Batirel, Y. Taga, and N. K. Ozer, "Resveratrol: French paradox revisited," Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol. 3, p. 141, 2012.
149. B. C. Vastano, Y. Chen, N. Zhu, C. T. Ho, Z. Zhou, and R. T. Rosen, "Isolation and identification of stilbenes in two varieties of Polygonum cuspidatum," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 253-256, 2000.
150. J. Gambini, M. Inglés, G. Olaso et al., "Properties of resveratrol: in vitro and in vivo studies about metabolism, bioavailability, and biological effects in animal models and humans," Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2015, Article ID 837042, 13 pages, 2015.
151. A. Malhotra, S. Bath, and F. Elbarbry, "An organ system approach to explore the antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective actions of resveratrol," Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2015, Article ID 803971, 15 pages, 2015.
152. L. Aguirre, A. Fernandez-Quintela, N. Arias, and M. P. Portillo, "Resveratrol: anti-obesity mechanisms of action," Molecules, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 18632-18655, 2014.
153. G. T. Diaz-Gerevini, G. Repossi, A. Dain, M. C. Tarres, U. N. Das, and A. R. Eynard, "Beneficial action of resveratrol: how and why," Nutrition, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 174-178, 2016.
154. H. Piotrowska, M. Kucinska, and M. Murias, "Biological activity of piceatannol: leaving the shadow of resveratrol," Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, vol. 750, no. 1, pp. 60-82, 2012.
155. E. Hijona, L. Aguirre, P. Pérez-Matute et al., "Limited beneficial effects of piceatannol supplementation on obesity complications in the obese Zucker rat: gut microbiota, metabolic, endocrine, and cardiac aspects," Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry, vol. 72, no. 3, pp. 567-582, 2016.
156. R. Arreola, S. Quintero-Fabián, R. I. López-Roa et al., "Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds," Journal of Immunology Research, vol. 2015, Article ID 401630, 13 pages, 2015.
157. H. Amagase, B. L. Petesch, H. Matsuura, S. Kasuga, and Y. Itakura, "Intake of garlic and its bioactive components," The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 131, no. 3, pp. 955S-962S, 2001.
158. M. S. Butt, A. Naz, M. T. Sultan, and M. M. Qayyum, "Antioncogenic perspectives of spices/herbs: a comprehensive review," EXCLI Journal, vol. 12, pp. 1043-1065, 2013.
159. D. J. Newman and G. M. Cragg, "Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years," Journal of Natural Products, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 461-477, 2007.
160. T. Sergent, J. Vanderstraeten, J. Winand, P. Beguin, and Y.-J. Schneider, "Phenolic compounds and plant extracts as potential natural anti-obesity substances," Food Chemistry, vol. 135, no. 1, pp. 68-73, 2012.
161. J. W. Yun, "Possible anti-obesity therapeutics from nature-a review," Phytochemistry, vol. 71, no. 14-15, pp. 1625-1641, 2010.
162. M. H. Yang, N. H. Kim, J. D. Heo et al., "Comparative evaluation of sulfur compounds contents and antiobesity properties of Allium hookeri prepared by different drying methods," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2017, Article ID 2436927, 10 pages, 2017.
163. G. Aviello, L. Abenavoli, F. Borrelli et al., "Garlic: empiricism or science," Natural Product Communications, vol. 4, no. 12, pp. 1785-1796, 2009.
164. Z. Ghorbani, M. Hajizadeh, and A. Hekmatdoost, "Dietary supplementation in patients with alcoholic liver disease: a review on current evidence," Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 348-360, 2016.
165. R. Raghu, C. T. Liu, M. H. Tsai et al., "Transcriptome analysis of garlic-induced hepatoprotection against alcoholic fatty liver," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 60, no. 44, pp. 11104-11119, 2012.
166. T. Zeng, F. F. Guo, C. L. Zhang et al., "The anti-fatty liver effects of garlic oil on acute ethanol-exposed mice," Chemico-Biological Interactions, vol. 176, no. 2-3, pp. 234-242, 2008.
167. T. Zeng and K. Q. Xie, "Could garlic partially-counteract excess alcohol consumption A postulated role of garlic oil in prevention of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity," Medical Hypotheses, vol. 71, no. 6, pp. 984-985, 2008.
168. T. Zeng, C. L. Zhang, F. Y. Song, X. L. Zhao, and K. Q. Xie, "Garlic oil alleviated ethanol-induced fat accumulation via modulation of SREBP-1, PPAR-, and CYP2E1," Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 50, no. 3-4, pp. 485-491, 2012.
169. G. I. Adoga, "Effect of garlic oil extract on glutathione reductase levels in rats fed on high sucrose and alcohol diets: a possible mechanism of the activity of the oil," Bioscience Reports, vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 909-912, 1986.
170. G. I. Adoga, "The mechanism of the hypolipidemic effect of garlic oil extract in rats fed on high sucrose and alcohol diets," Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol. 142, no. 3, pp. 1046-1052, 1987.
171. G. I. Adoga and J. Osuji, "Effect of garlic oil extract on serum, liver and kidney enzymes of rats fed on high sucrose and alcohol diets," Biochemistry International, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 615-624, 1986.
172. M. H. Kim, M. J. Kim, J. H. Lee et al., "Hepatoprotective effect of aged black garlic on chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in rats," Journal of Medicinal Food, vol. 14, no. 7-8, pp. 732-738, 2011.
173. L. Morbidelli, "Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the control of angiogenesis: analysis of the critical issues for human use," Pharmacological Research, vol. 111, pp. 384-393, 2016.
174. M. Spiljar, D. Merkler, and M. Trajkovski, "The immune system bridges the gut microbiota with systemic energy homeostasis: focus on TLRs, mucosal barrier, and SCFAs," Frontiers in Immunology, vol. 8, p. 1353, 2017.
175. E. M. Brown, M. Sadarangani, and B. B. Finlay, "The role of the immune system in governing host-microbe interactions in the intestine," Nature Immunology, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 660-667, 2013.
176. F. A. Carvalho, J. D. Aitken, M. Vijay-Kumar, and A. T. Gewirtz, "Toll-like receptor-gut microbiota interactions: perturb at your own risk!," Annual Review of Physiology, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 177-198, 2012.
177. O. Takeuchi and S. Akira, "Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation," Cell, vol. 140, no. 6, pp. 805-820, 2010.
178. L. V. Hooper, T. Midtvedt, and J. I. Gordon, "How hostmicrobial interactions shape the nutrient environment of the mammalian intestine," Annual Review of Nutrition, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 283-307, 2002.
179. L. Zhao and J. Shen, "Whole-body systems approaches for gut microbiota-targeted, preventive healthcare," Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 149, no. 3, pp. 183-190, 2010.
180. F. Chen, Q. Wen, J. Jiang et al., "Could the gut microbiota reconcile the oral bioavailability conundrum of traditional herbs," Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 179, pp. 253-264, 2016.
181. J. L. Tang, "Research priorities in traditional Chinese medicine," BMJ, vol. 333, no. 7564, pp. 391-394, 2006.
182. J. I. Mosele, A. Macia, and M. J. Motilva, "Metabolic and microbial modulation of the large intestine ecosystem by non-absorbed diet phenolic compounds: a review," Molecules, vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 17429-17468, 2015.
183. E. Päivärinta, M. Niku, J. Maukonen et al., "Changes in intestinal immunity, gut microbiota, and expression of energy metabolism-related genes explain adenoma growth in bilberry and cloudberry-fed ApcMin mice," Nutrition Research, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1285-1297, 2016.
184. P. Pu, X. A. Wang, M. Salim et al., "Baicalein, a natural product, selectively activating AMPK2 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced mice," Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol. 362, no. 1-2, pp. 128-138, 2012.
185. M. Remely, F. Ferk, S. Sterneder et al., "EGCG prevents high fat diet-induced changes in gut microbiota, decreases of DNA strand breaks, and changes in expression and DNA methylation of Dnmt1 and MLH1 in C57BL/6J male mice," Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2017, Article ID 3079148, 17 pages, 2017.
186. M. Cheng, X. Zhang, Y. Miao, J. Cao, Z. Wu, and P. Weng, "The modulatory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-O-(3-Omethyl) gallate (EGCG3Me) on intestinal microbiota of high fat diet-induced obesity mice model," Food Research International, vol. 92, pp. 9-16, 2017.
187. T. Unno, M. Sakuma, and S. Mitsuhashi, "Effect of dietary supplementation of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on gut microbiota and biomarkers of colonic fermentation in rats," Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 213-219, 2014.
188. U. Etxeberria, N. Arias, N. Boqué et al., "Reshaping faecal gut microbiota composition by the intake of trans-resveratrol and quercetin in high-fat sucrose diet-fed rats," The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 651-660, 2015.
189. E. Roldán-Marín, B. N. Krath, M. Poulsen et al., "Effects of an onion by-product on bioactivity and safety markers in healthy rats," The British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 102, no. 11, pp. 1574-1582, 2009.
190. D. Esposito, T. Damsud, M. Wilson et al., "Black currant anthocyanins attenuate weight gain and improve glucose metabolism in diet-induced obese mice with intact, but not disrupted, gut microbiome," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 63, no. 27, pp. 6172-6180, 2015.
191. T. Wu, Q. Tang, Z. Yu et al., "Inhibitory effects of sweet cherry anthocyanins on the obesity development in C57BL/ 6 mice," International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 351-359, 2014.
192. A. M. Neyrinck, M. Alligier, P. B. Memvanga et al., "Curcuma longa extract associated with white pepper lessens high fat diet-induced inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue," PLoS One, vol. 8, no. 11, article e81252, 2013.
193. S. S. Ghosh, J. Bie, J. Wang, and S. Ghosh, "Oral supplementation with non-absorbable antibiotics or curcumin attenuates western diet-induced atherosclerosis and glucose intolerance in LDLR/ mice-role of intestinal permeability and macrophage activation," PLoS One, vol. 9, no. 9, article e108577, 2014.
194. J. Wang, S. S. Ghosh, and S. Ghosh, "Curcumin improves intestinal barrier function: modulation of intracellular signaling, and organization of tight junctions," American Journal of Physiology Cell Physiology, vol. 312, no. 4, pp. C438-C445, 2017.
195. Y. Qiao, J. Sun, S. Xia, X. Tang, Y. Shi, and G. Le, "Effects of resveratrol on gut microbiota and fat storage in a mouse model with high-fat-induced obesity," Food & Function, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1241-1249, 2014.
196. T. M. Dao, A. Waget, P. Klopp et al., "Resveratrol increases glucose induced GLP-1 secretion in mice: a mechanism which contributes to the glycemic control," PLoS One, vol. 6, no. 6, article e20700, 2011.
197. M. K. Nøhr, T. P. Kroager, K. W. Sanggaard et al., "SILACMS based characterization of LPS and resveratrol induced changes in adipocyte proteomics-resveratrol as ameliorating factor on LPS induced changes," PLoS One, vol. 11, no. 7, article e0159747, 2016.
198. A. S. Korsholm, T. N. Kjaer, M. J. Ornstrup, and S. B. Pedersen, "Comprehensive metabolomic analysis in blood, urine, fat, and muscle in men with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on the effects of resveratrol after four months' treatment," International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 18, no. 3, p. 554, 2017.
199. Y. C. Tung, Y. H. Lin, H. J. Chen et al., "Piceatannol exerts anti-obesity effects in C57BL/6 mice through modulating adipogenic proteins and gut microbiota," Molecules, vol. 21, no. 11, p. 1419, 2016.
200. Y. S. Lai, W. C. Chen, C. T. Ho et al., "Garlic essential oil protects against obesity-triggered nonalcoholic fatty liver disease through modulation of lipid metabolism and oxidative stress," Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 62, no. 25, pp. 5897-5906, 2014.