Inhibition of key digestive enzymes by cocoa extracts and procyanidins

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 59, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 5305-5311

  Gu, Yeyi ^a   Hurst, William J ^b   Stuart, David A ^b   Lambert, Joshua D ^a  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b The Hershey Company   (United States)

Author keywords

amylase; Cocoa; Pancreatic lipase; Phospholipase A2; Procyanidins; Theobroma cacao

Indexed keywords

BODY WEIGHT; DEGREE OF POLYMERIZATION; DIGESTIVE ENZYMES; IN-VITRO; INHIBITORY EFFECT; INVERSE CORRELATION; KINETIC ANALYSIS; MIXED MODE; PANCREATIC LIPASE; PENTAMERS; PHOSPHOLIPASE A; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; POLYPHENOLS; POTENT INHIBITOR; PROCYANIDINS; THEOBROMA CACAO;

AMYLASES; CATALYSTS; ENZYME INHIBITION; PHENOLS;

COCOA;

AMYLASE; ENZYME INHIBITOR; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; PLANT EXTRACT; PROANTHOCYANIDIN; TRIACYLGLYCEROL LIPASE;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CACAO; CHEMISTRY; DRUG ANTAGONISM; ENZYMOLOGY; PANCREAS;

ALPHA-AMYLASES; ANIMALS; CACAO; ENZYME INHIBITORS; LIPASE; PANCREAS; PHOSPHOLIPASES A2; PLANT EXTRACTS; PROANTHOCYANIDINS;

THEOBROMA CACAO;

EID: 79957932584     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: 15205118     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf200180n     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Spiegelman, B. M.; Flier, J. S. Obesity and the regulation of energy balance. Cell 2001, 104, 531-43. (Pubitemid 32201948)
2. Flegal, K. M.; Carroll, M. D.; Ogden, C. L.; Curtin, L. R. Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2008. JAMA, J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2010, 303, 235-241.
3. Wang, Y.; Beydoun, M. A.; Liang, L.; Caballero, B.; Kumanyika, S. K. Will all Americans become overweight or obese? Estimating the progression and cost of the US obesity epidemic. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008, 16, 2323-2330.
4. Furukawa, S.; Fujita, T.; Shimabukuro, M.; Iwaki, M.; Yamada, Y.; Nakajima, Y.; Nakayama, O.; Makishima, M.; Matsuda, M.; Shimomura, I. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J. Clin. Invest. 2004, 114, 1752-1761. (Pubitemid 40385531)
5. Lowe, M. E. Pancreatic triglyceride lipase and colipase: insights into dietary fat digestion. Gastroenterology 1994, 107, 1524-1536. (Pubitemid 24328294)
6. Damager, I.; Numao, S.; Chen, H.; Brayer, G. D.; Withers, S. G. Synthesis and characterisation of novel chromogenic substrates for human pancreatic alpha-amylase. Carbohydr. Res. 2004, 339, 1727-1737. (Pubitemid 38829500)
7. Rossner, S.; Sjostrom, L.; Noack, R.; Meinders, A. E.; Noseda, G. Weight loss, weight maintenance, and improved cardiovascular risk factors after 2 years treatment with orlistat for obesity. Euuropean Orlistat Obesity Study Group. Obes. Res. 2000, 8, 49-61.
8. Wang, S.; Noh, S. K.; Koo, S. I. Green tea catechins inhibit pancreatic phospholipase A (2) and intestinal absorption of lipids in ovariectomized rats. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2006, 17, 492-498. (Pubitemid 43867256)
9. Horigome, T.; Kumar, R.; Okamoto, K. Effects of condensed tannins prepared from leaves of fodder plants on digestive enzymes in vitro and in the intestine of rats. Br. Brr. J. Nutr. 1988, 60, 275-285.
10. Koo, S. I.; Noh, S. K. Green tea as inhibitor of the intestinal absorption of lipids: potential mechanism for its lipid-lowering effect. J. Nu. Nuutr. Biochem. 2007, 18, 179-183. (Pubitemid 46216812)
11. Harach, T.; Aprikian, O.; Monnard, I.; Moulin, J.; Membrez, M.; Beolor, J. C.; Raab, T.; Mace, K.; Darimont, C. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaf extract limits weight gain and liver steatosis in mice fed a high-fat diet. Planta Med. 76, 566-571.
12. Kim, H.; Keeney, P. G. (-)-Epicatechin content in fermented cocoa beans. J. Food Sci. 1984, 49, 1090-1092.
13. Wollgast, J.; Pallaroni, L.; Agazzi, M. E.; Anklam, E. Analysis of procyanidins in chocolate by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric detection. J. Chromatogr., A 2001, 926, 211-220. (Pubitemid 32739020)
14. Hammerstone, J. F.; Lazarus, S. A.; Mitchell, A. E.; Rucker, R.; Schmitz, H. H. Identification of procyanidins in cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and chocolate using high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 490-496. (Pubitemid 29185214)
15. Miller, K B.; Hurst, W. J.; Payne, M. J.; Stuart, D. A.; Apgar, J.; Sweigart, D. S.; Ou, B. Impact of alkalization on the antioxidant and flavanol content of commercial cocoa powders. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 8527-8533.
16. Cooper, K A.; Donovan, J. L.; Waterhouse, A. L.; Williamson, G. Cocoa and health: a decade of research. Br. J. Nutr. 2008, 99, 1-11. (Pubitemid 350286132)
17. Matsui, N.; Ito, R.; Nishimura, E.; Yoshikawa, M.; Kato, M.; Kamei, M.; Shibata, H.; Matsumoto, I.; Abe, K.; Hashizume, S. Ingested cocoa can prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity by regulating the expression of genes for fatty acid metabolism. Nutrition 2005, 21, 594-601. (Pubitemid 40585860)
18. Ruzaidi, A.; Amin, I.; Nawalyah, A. G.; Hamid, M.; Faizul, H. A. The effect of Malaysian cocoa extract on glucose levels and lipid profiles in diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 98, 55-60. (Pubitemid 40349167)
19. Tomaru, M.; Takano, H.; Osakabe, N.; Yasuda, A.; Inoue, K.; Yanagisawa, R.; Ohwatari, T.; Uematsu, H. Dietary supplementation with cacao liquor proanthocyanidins prevents elevation of blood glucose levels in diabetic obese mice. Nutrition 2007, 23, 351-355. (Pubitemid 46509563)
20. Jalil, A. M.; Ismail, A.; Pei, C. P.; Hamid, M.; Kamaruddin, S. H. Effects of cocoa extract on glucometabolism, oxidative stress, and antioxidant enzymes in obese-diabetic (Ob-db) rats. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 7877-7884.
21. Goncalves, R.; Mateus, N.; de Freitas, V. Study of the interaction of pancreatic lipase with procyanidins by optical and enzymatic methods. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 11901-11906.
22. Goncalves, R.; Soares, S.; Mateus, N.; de Freitas, V. Inhibition of trypsin by condensed tannins and wine. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55, 7596-7601. (Pubitemid 47492320)
23. Moreno, D. A.; Ilic, N.; Poulev, A.; Brasaemle, D. L.; Fried, S. K.; Raskin, I. Inhibitory effects of grape seed extract on lipases. Nutrition 2003, 19, 876-879. (Pubitemid 37244144)
24. McDougall, G J.; Shpiro, F.; Dobson, P.; Smith, P.; Blake, A.; Stewart, D. Different polyphenolic components of soft fruits inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53, 2760-2766. (Pubitemid 40471760)
25. da Silva Pinto, M.; Kwon, Y. I.; Apostolidis, E.; Lajolo, F. M.; Genovese, M. I.; Shetty, K. Functionality of bioactive compounds in Brazilian strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars: evaluation of hyperglycemia and hypertension potential using in vitro models. J. Ag. Aggric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 4386-4392. (Pubitemid 351999360)
26. Lee, Y. A.; Cho, E. J.; Tanaka, T.; Yokozawa, T. Inhibitory activities of proanthocyanidins from persimmon against oxidative stress and digestive enzymes related to diabetes. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. (Tokyo) 2007, 53, 287-292. (Pubitemid 47217227)
27. Dulloo, A. G.; Seydoux, J.; Girardier, L.; Chantre, P.; Vandermander, J. Green tea and thermogenesis: interactions between catechin-polyphenols, caffeine and sympathetic activity. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 2000, 24, 252-258. (Pubitemid 30107577)
28. Richelle, M.; Tavazzi, I.; Enslen, M.; Offord, E. A. Plasma kinetics in man of epicatechin from black chocolate. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999, 53, 22-26. (Pubitemid 29041818)
29. Schroeter, H.; Heiss, C.; Balzer, J.; Kleinbongard, P.; Keen, C. L.; Hollenberg, N. K.; Sies, H.; Kwik-Uribe, C.; Schmitz, H. H.; Kelm, M. (-)-Epicatechin mediates beneficial effects of flavanol-rich cocoa on vascular function in humans. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2006, 103, 1024-1029. (Pubitemid 43212215)
30. Kwik-Uribe, C.; Bektash, R M. Cocoa flavanols - measurement, bioavailability and bioactivity. Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr. 2008, 17 (Suppl. 1), 280-283.
31. Zhu, Q. Y.; Holt, R R.; Lazarus, S. A.; Ensunsa, J. L.; Hammerstone, J. F.; Schmitz, H. H.; Keen, C. L. Stability of the flavan-3-ols epicatechin and catechin and related dimeric procyanidins derived from cocoa. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002, 50, 1700-1705. (Pubitemid 34233250)
32. Rios, L. Y.; Bennett, R. N.; Lazarus, S. A.; Remesy, C.; Scalbert, A.; Williamson, G. Cocoa procyanidins are stable during gastric transit in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, 76, 1106-1110. (Pubitemid 35244685)