Antiviral actions of interferons

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 778-809

  Samuel, C E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

2',5' OLIGOADENYLATE SYNTHETASE; ADENOSINE DEAMINASE; ALPHAN1 INTERFERON; ALPHAN3 INTERFERON; BETA1A INTERFERON; CONSENSUS INTERFERON; CYTOKINE; DNA; DOUBLE STRANDED RNA; GUANOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE; INTERFERON; INTERFERON BETA SERINE; INTERFERON RECEPTOR; INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR 1; JANUS KINASE; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; PROTEIN KINASE; RECOMBINANT ALPHA2A INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT ALPHA2B INTERFERON; RECOMBINANT GAMMA INTERFERON; RIBONUCLEASE; STAT PROTEIN; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; VIRUS ANTIGEN; VIRUS PROTEIN; VIRUS RNA;

ADENOVIRUS; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS; POXVIRUS; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SIMIAN VIRUS 40; VACCINIA VIRUS;

ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; APOPTOSIS; HUMANS; INTERFERONS; RECEPTORS, INTERFERON; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANS-ACTIVATION (GENETICS); VIRUS DISEASES;

ADENOVIRIDAE; ANIMALIA; JANUS; POLIOVIRUS; POXVIRIDAE; SIMIAE; SIMIAN VIRUS; SIMIAN VIRUS 40; VACCINIA; VACCINIA VIRUS;

EID: 0034767753     PISSN: 08938512     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.4.778-809.2001     Document Type: Review

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239. Editing of glutamate receptor subunit B pre-mRNA by splice-site variants of interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1
240. Serotonin-2C receptor pre-mRNA editing in rat brain and in vitro by splice site variants of the interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1
241. Functionally distinct dsRNA binding domains associated with alternative splice variants of the IFN-inducible ADAR
242. Chimeric dsRNA-specific adenosine deaminase ADAR1 proteins reveal functional selectivity of dsRNA-binding domains from ADAR1 and the protein kinase PKR
243. + lymphocytes
244. Control of kinetic properties of AMPA receptor channels by nuclear RNA editing
245. Targeted disruption of the interferon gamma receptor 2 gene results in severe immune defects in mice
246. Selection of genetic variants of the 5′ noncoding region of hepatitis C virus occurs only in patients responding to interferon alpha therapy
247. Binding of the influenza virus NS1 protein to double-stranded RNA inhibits the activation of the protein kinase that phosphorylates the e1F-2 translation initiation factor
248. Pegylated alpha interferon is an effective treatment for virulent venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and has profound effects on the host immune response to infection
249. Structural requirements for RNA editing in glutamate receptor pre-mRNAs by recombinant double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase
250. Changing genetic information through RNA editing
251. Identification of nitric oxide synthase as a protective locus against tuberculosis
252. Nitric oxide and macrophage function
253. HIV-1 TAR RNA has an intrinsic ability to activate interferon-inducible enzymes
254. Effects of the route of infection on immunoglobulin G subclasses and specificity of the reovirus-specific humoral immune response
255. Interactions between double-stranded RNA regulators and the protein kinase DAI
256. The 69-kDa 2-5A synthetase is composed of two homologous and adjacent functional domains
257. Differential viral induction of distinct interferon-alpha genes by positive feedback through interferon regulatory factor-7
258. The expression of both domains of the 69/71 kDa 2′,5′ oligoadenylate synthetase generates a catalytically active enzyme and mediates an anti-viral response
259. Differential expression and distinct structure of 69- and 100-kDa forms of 2-5A synthetase in human cells treated with interferon
260. Inhibition of influenza C viruses by human MxA protein
261. Control of immune pathology by regulatory T cells
262. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase, a modular enzyme formed by convergent evolution: Structure studies of a cysteine thiolate-liganded heme protein that hydroxylates L-arginine to produce NO as a cellular signal
263. Mechanism of interferon action: Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication in human amnion U cells by cloned human eukocyte interferon. II. Effect on viral macromolecular synthesis
264. Viral evasion of cellular defense mechanisms: Regulation of the protein kinase DA by RNA effectors
265. Adenovirus virus-associated RNA and translational control
266. Targeted disruption of IRF-1 or IRF-2 results in abnormal type I IFN gene induction and aberrant lymphocyte development
267. Inhibition of hepatitis B virus replication during schistosoma mansoni infection in transgenic mice
268. 1 and TAR RNAs
269. Mechanism of interferon action. Motif I of the interferon-induced, RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is sufficient to mediate RNA binding activity
270. Mechanism of interferon action. Identification of an RNA-binding domain within the N-terminal region of the human RNA-dependent P1/e1F-2α protein kinase
271. Interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C
272. Escape of human immunodeficiency virus from immune control
273. HIV-1 Tat directly interacts with the interferon-induced, double-stranded-RNA-dependent kinase, PKR
274. Mutational analysis of the double-stranded RNA binding domain of the dsRNA-activated protein kinase, PKR
275. Activation of different Stat5 isoforms contributes to cell-type-restricted signaling in response to interferons
276. A mammalian RNA editing enzyme
277. Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding rat PKR, the double-stranded RNA-dependent eukaryotic initiation factor-2 kinase
278. The cellular inhibitor of the PKR protein kinase, P58(IPK), is an influenza virus-activated cochaperone that modulates heat shockprotein 70 activity
279. Targeted disruption of the Stat1 gene in mice reveals unexpected physiologic specificity in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway
280. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase induced by interferon
281. Tumor suppressor function of the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase
282. Constitutive expression of human double-stranded RNA-activated p68 kinase in murine cells mediates phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 and partial resistance to encephalomyocarditis virus growth
283. Nitric oxide synthases: Which, where, how, and why?
284. Human cytomegalovirus inhibits major histocompatibility complex class II expression by disruption of the Jak/Stat pathway
285. Baculovirus interaction with host apoptotic pathways
286. The interferon-inducible p202 protein as a modulator of transcription: Inhibition of NF-kappa B, c-Fos, and c-Jun activities
287. Cloning of a human RNA editing deaminase (ADARB1) of glutamate receptors that maps to chromosome 21q22.3
288. The type I interferon receptor: Structure, function, and evolution of a family business
289. Dengue: The risk to developed and developing countries
290. Expression of MHC class II molecules in different cellular and functional compartments is controlled by differential usage of multiple promoters of the transactivator CIITA
291. Functional role of type I and type II interferons in antiviral defense
292. Biosynthesis of reovirus-specified polypeptides. Multiplication rate but not yield of reovirus serotypes 1 and 3 correlates with the level of virus-mediated inhibition of cellular protein synthesis
293. Numerous transitions in human parainfluenza virus 3 RNA recovered from persistently infected cells
294. Inhibition of replication of reactivated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in latently infected U1 cells transduced with an HIV-1 long terminal repeat-driven PKR cDNA construct
295. Inhibition de I'infection vaccinale par le virus homologue
296. Negative regulation of cytokine signaling: STAT-induced STAT inhibitor
297. Recent human influenza A (H1N1) viruses are closely related genetically to strains isolated in 1950
298. p48 (ISGF-3γ) is involved in interferon-α-induced suppression of hepatitis B virus enhancer-1 activity
299. Inducible nitric oxide synthase: What difference does it make?
300. The growing family of interferon regulatory factors
301. Interferon α/β-mediated inhibition and promotion of interferon γ: STAT1 resolves a paradox
302. Purification and properties of double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase from calf thymus
303. Cloning of cDNAs encoding mammalian double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase
304. Activation of the double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase and induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by poly(1).poly(C) in endothelial cells
305. Vesicular stomatitis virus defective interfering particles can contain extensive genome sequence rearrangements and base substitutions
306. How viruses escape from cytotoxic lymphocyes: Molecular parameters and players
307. Collaboration of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and BRCA1 in differential regulation of IFN-gamma target genes
308. Jak2 is essential for signaling through a variety of cytokine receptors
309. Identification of the double-stranded RNA-binding domain of the human interferon-inducible protein kinase
310. PACT, a protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR
311. Role of the amino-terminal residues of the interferon-induced protein kinase in its activation by dsRNA and heparin
312. DRBP76, a double-stranded RNA-binding nuclear protein, is phosphorylated by the interferon-induced protein kinase
313. Generation of a mutant form of protein synthesis initiation factor e1F-2 lacking the site of phosphorylation of e1F-2 kinases
314. Expression and regulation by interferon of a double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase from human cells: Evidence for two forms of the deaminase
315. Mechanism of interferon action: Double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase from human cells is inducible by alpha and gamma interferons
316. Enhanced virus resistance of transgenic mice expressing the human MxA protein
317. Human and mouse Mx proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle
318. Evolution of the hepatitis C virus second envelope protein hypervariable region in chronically infected patients receiving alpha interferon therapy
319. Interferon resistance of hepatitis C virus genotype 1b: Relationship to nonstructural 5A gene quasispecies mutations
320. Interferons and their actions
321. STAT3 as an adapter to couple phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to the IFNAR1 chain of the type I interferon receptor
322. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation basally activated by DNA strand breaks reflects glutamate-nitric oxide neurotransmission
323. Identification of distinct regions of 5' flanking DNA that mediate constitutive, IFN-gamma, STAT1, and TGF-beta-regulated expression of the class II transactivator gene
324. The 2-5A system: Modulation of viral and cellular processes through acceleration of RNA degradation
325. RNA editing of HDV antigenome by dsRNA-adenosine deaminase
326. Characterization of the effects of hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A protein expression in human cell lines and on interferon-sensitive virus replication
327. Dominant-negative mutants of human MxA protein: Domains in the carboxy-terminal moiety are important for oligomerization and antiviral activity
328. Inhibition of PKR activation by a proline-reich RNA binding domain of the herpes simplex virus type 1 Us11 protein
329. Role of the cytoplasmic domains of the type 1 interferon receptor subunits in signaling
330. PKR: A new name and new roles
331. A functional GTP-binding motif is necessary for antiviral activity of Mx proteins
332. A novel translational regulation function for the simian virus 40 large-T antigen gene
333. Stat1-independent regulation of gene expression in response to IFN-γ
334. Characterization of β-R1, a gene ihat is selectively induced by interferon beta (IFN-β) compared with IFN-α
335. Acute phase response factor and additional members of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 family integrate diverse signals from cytokines, interferons, and growth factors
336. Antisense RNA injections in fertilized frog eggs reveal an RNA duplex unwinding activity
337. The human 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase family: Interferon-induced proteins with unique enzymatic properties
338. Characterization of the gene encoding the 100-kDa form of human 2′,5′ oligoadenylate synthetase
339. The 100-kDa 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase catalyzing preferentially the synthesis of dimeric pppA2′p5′A molecules is composed of three homologous domains
340. Critical role of a common transcription factor, IRF-1, in the regulation of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes
341. Interferon-induced MxA protein. GTP binding and GTP hydrolysis properties
342. Vaccinia virus E3L protein is an inhibitor of the interferon (IFN)-induced 2-5A synthetase enzyme
343. The evolution of the type I interferons
344. Disruption of the Jak1 gene demonstrates obligatory and nonredundant roles of the Jaks in cytokine-induced biologic responses
345. Structural requirements for double-stranded RNA binding, dimerization, and activation of the human e1F-2α kinase DAI in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
346. Human papillomavirus 16 E6 oncoprotein binds to interferon regulatory factor 3 and inhibits its transcriptional activity
347. Adenosine to inosine conversion in mRNA
348. Alpha/beta interferon protects adult mice from fatal Sindbis virus infection and is an important determinant of cell and tissue tropism
349. Constitutive expression of a 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase cDNA results in increased antiviral activity and growth suppression
350. 2′,5′-oligoadenylate-dependent Rnase L is a dimer of regulatory and catalytic sub-units
351. Mechanism of interferon action. Phosphorylation of protein synthesis initiation factor e1F-2 in interferon-treated human cells by a ribosome-associated protein kinase possessing site-specificity similar to hemin-regulated rabbit reticulocyte kinase
352. Mechanisms of the antiviral actions of IFN
353. Role of the RNA-dependent protein kinase in the regulated expression of genes in transfected cells
354. Antiviral actions of interferon. Interferon-regulated cellular proteins and their surprisingly selective antiviral activities
355. The e1F-2α protein kinases, regulators of translation in eukaryotes from yeasts to humans
356. Protein-nucleic acid interactions and cellular responses to interferon
357. Reoviruses and the interferon system
358. Mechanism of interferon action. Increased phosphorylation of protein synthesis initiation factor e1F-2 alpha in interferon-treated, reovirus-infected mouse L929 fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo
359. The PKR protein kinase-an interferon-inducible regulator of cell growth and differentiation
360. Production, purification, and characterization of recombinant 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetases
361. The nature of the catalytic domain of 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetases
362. Human 2-5A synthetase: Characterization of a novel cDNA and corresponding gene structure
363. A ribonuclease specific for inosine-containing RNA: A potential role in antiviral defense
364. Regulation of type I interferon gene expression by interferon regulatory factor-3
365. Cytokines and JAK-STAT signaling
366. Transcriptional responses to polypeptide ligands: The JAK-STAT pathway
367. Preferential translation of reovirus mRNA by a s3-dependent mechanism
368. 1 and TAR RNAs
369. Impact of virus infection on host cell protein synthesis
370. Protein dissection of Zab, the Z-DNA-binding domain of human ADAR1
371. Experimental rotavirus diarrhoea in colostrum-deprived newborn calves: Assay of treatment by administration of bacterially producted human interferon (Hu-IFN alpha 2)
372. RNA editing of brain glutamate receptor channels: Mechanism and physiology
373. The interferon system: A bird's eye view of its biochemistry
374. Identification of distinct signaling pathways leading to the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3
375. Tat-dependent adenosine-to-inosine modification of wild-type transactivation response RNA
376. The vaccinia virus E3L gene product interacts with both the regulatory and the substrate binding regions of PKR: Implications for PKR autoregulation
377. Pathogenesis of reovirus infection
378. Viruses and apoptosis
379. Reovirus-induced acute myocarditis in mice correlates with viral RNA synthesis rather than generation of infectious virus in cardiac myocytes
380. Phenotype of mice and macrophages deficient in both phagocyte oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase
381. Role of the vaccinia virus E3L and K3L gene products in rescue of VSV and EMCV from the effects of IFN-α
382. Complementation of vaccinia virus deleted of the E3L gene by mutants of E3L
383. Role of gamma interferon in antimicrobial immunity
384. The STAT family of proteins in cytokine signaling
385. The nature of the principal type I interferon-producing cells in human blood
386. Interferon-regulated Mx genes are not responsive to interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, and other cytokines
387. A longitudinal study of T1 hypointense lesions in relapsing MS: MSCRG trial of interferon beta-1a
388. RNA editing
389. Poxviruses: Interfering with interferon
390. RNA editing in brain controls a determinant of ion flow in glutamate-gated channels
391. Measures and countermeasures in the modulation of initiation factor activities by viruses
392. The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) I and SOCS3 but not SOCS2 proteins inhibit interferon-mediated antiviral and antiproliferative activities
393. Localization of the interferon-induced, 2-5A-dependent Rnase gene (RNS4) to human chromosome 1q25
394. Localization of the human interferon-induced, ds-RNA activated p68 kinase gene (PRKR)to chromosome 2p21-p22
395. Identification of a second interferonregulated murine Mx gene
396. Mx protein: Constitutive expression in 3T3 cells transformed with cloned Mx cDNA confers selective resistance to influenza virus
397. Mx proteins: GTPases with antiviral activity
398. How cells respond to interferons
399. A family of cytokine-inducible inhibitors of signalling
400. Regulation of MHC class II expression by interferon-gamma mediated by the transactivator gene CIITA
401. Acetylation of histones and transcription-related factors
402. The murine double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR is required for resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus
403. The emerging role of the interferon-induced PKR protein kinase as a apoptotic effector: A new face of death
404. NS5A, a nonstructural protein of hepatitis C virus, binds growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 adaptor protein in a Src homology 3 domain/ligand-dependent manner and perturbs mitogenic signaling
405. Mechanism of interferon action. Structure of the gene encoding mouse PKR, the interferon-inducible RNA-dependent protein kinase
406. Type I interferons are essential mediators of apoptotic death in virally infected cells
407. The gene specifying RNAase E (rne) and a gene affecting mRNA stability (ams) are the same gene
408. Inhibition of the interferon-inducible protein kinase PKR by HCV E2 protein
409. Regulation of apoptosis by viral gene products
410. Regulation of p53-dependent apoptosis, transcriptional repression and cell transformation by phosphorylation of the 55-kilodalton E1B protein of human adenovirus type 5
411. NF-κB: A lesson in family values
412. Hepatitis C virus dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon alfa therapy
413. Mechanism of interferon action: Autoregulation of RNA-dependent P1/e1F-2α protein kinase (PKR) expression in transfected mammalian cells
414. Mechanism of interferon action: Evidence for intermolecular autophosphorylation and autoactivation of the interferon-induced, RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR
415. Mechanism of interferon action: Characterization of the intermolecular autophosphorylation of PKR, the interferon-induced, RNA-dependent protein kinase
416. Mechanism of interferon action: cDNA structure, expression and regulation of the interferon-induced, RNA-dependent P1/e1F-2α protein kinase from human cells
417. Forced degradation of Fas inhibits apoptosis in adenovirus-infected cells
418. The fight of viruses against apoptosis
419. Mechanism of interferon action: Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus replication in human amnion U cells by cloned human gamma-interferon. II. Effect on viral macromolecular synthesis
420. Antiviral defense in mice lacking both alpha/beta and gamma interferon receptors
421. Functional diversity in the dynamin family
422. Antigenic drift in the influenza A virus (H3N2) nucleoprotein and escape from recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
423. A double-stranded RNA unwinding activity introduces structural alterations by means of adenosine to inosine conversions in mammalian cells and Xenopus eggs
424. Lessons from the bare lymphocyte syndrome: Molecular mechanisms regulating MHC class II expression
425. Characteristics of three homologous 202 genes (ifi202a, ifi202b, ifi202c) from the murine interferon-activatable gene 200 cluster
426. The p69/71 2-5A synthetase promoter contains multiple regulatory elements required for interferon-alpha-induced expression
427. Genomic organization and chromosomal location of the human dsRNA adenosine deaminase gene
428. Virus infection induces the assembly of coordinately activated transcription factors on the IFN-beta enhancer in vivo
429. Interferon regulatory factor 3 and CREB-binding protein/p300 are subunits of double-stranded RNA-activated transcription factor DRAF1
430. MxA GTPase blocks reporter gene expression of reconstituted Thogoto virus ribonucleoprotein complexes
431. The interferon-inducible, double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene (DSRAD) maps to human chromosome 1q21.1-21.2
432. Assignment of the RNA-specific adenosine deaminase gene (Adar) to mouse chromosome 3F2 by in situ hybridization
433. D3: A gene induced during myeloid cell differentiation of Linlo c-Kit+Sca-1(+) progenitor cells
434. Persistent hepatitis C virus infection in a chimpanzee is associated with emergence of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte escape variant
435. Life, death, and the pursuit of apoptosis
436. Interferon-regulated human 2-5A synthetase gene maps to chromosome 12
437. Isoforms p69 and p100 of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase induced differentially by interferons in vivo and in vitro
438. Interferon action-sequence specificity of the ppp(A2′p)nA-dependent ribonuclease
439. IL-12 independent Th1-type immune responses to respiratory viral infection: Requirement of IL-18 for IFN-gamma release in the lung but not for the differentiation of viral-reactive Th1-type lymphocytes
440. Deficient signaling in mice devoid of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase
441. Negative regulators of cytokine signaling pathways
442. Reconstitution of virus-mediated expression of interferon a genes in human fibroblast cells by ectopic interferon regulatory factor-7
443. Mechanisms of viral interference with MHC class I antigen processing and presentation
444. Direct triggering of the type I interferon system by virus infection: Activation of a transcription factor complex containing IRF-3 and CBP/p300
445. Antigen processing and presentation by the class 1 major histocompatibility complex
446. Paramyxoviridae use distinct virus-specific mechanisms to circumvent the interferon response
447. Regulation of interferon-γ gene expression
448. Role of interferon-gamma in immunity to herpes simplex virus
449. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase PKR is regulated by reovirus structural proteins
450. Ser727-dependent recruitment of MCM5 by Stat1alpha in IFN-gamma-induced transcriptional activation
451. IRF-7, a new interferon regulatory factor associated with Epstein-Barr virus latency
452. Interferon action in triply deficient mice reveals the existence of alternative antiviral pathways
453. Interferon action and apoptosis are defective in mice devoid of 2',5'-oligoadenylate-dependent RNase L
454. Expression cloning of 2-5A-dependent RNAase: A uniquely regulated mediator of interferon action
455. Cellular gene expression altered by human cytomegalovirus: Global monitoring with oligonocleotide arrays
456. Use of differential display analysis to assess the effect of human cytomegalovirus infection on the accumulation of cellular RNAs: Induction of interferon-responsive RNAs