Mx proteins: Mediators of inmate resistance to RNA viruses

OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 220-230

  Haller, O ^a   Frese, M ^b   Kochs, G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Antiviral agents; Disease resistance; Genetics; Guanosine triphosphatase; Influenzavirus; Interferons; Mx protein; Transgenic animals

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; INFLUENZA VIRUS; MUS MUSCULUS; MYXOVIRUS; ORTHOBUNYAVIRUS; ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE; RNA VIRUSES;

ANTIVIRUS AGENT; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN; MYXOVIRUS RESISTANCE PROTEINS; PROTEIN;

ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; GENETICS; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGY; INNATE IMMUNITY; MOUSE; REVIEW; RNA VIRUS; RNA VIRUS INFECTION;

ANIMALS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; GTP-BINDING PROTEINS; HUMANS; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; MICE; PROTEINS; RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; RNA VIRUSES;

EID: 0032036611     PISSN: 02531933     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.20506/rst.17.1.1084     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Abujiang P., Yamada Y., Haller O., Kobayashi H., Kamoto T., Lu L.M., Ogawa M., Ishimoto A., Katoh H., Kanehira K., Ikegami S., Fukumoto M. & Hiai H. (1996). - The origin of SL family mice. Lab. Anim. Sci., 46, 410-417.
2. Aebi M., Fäh J., Hurt N., Samuel C.E., Thomis D., Bazzigher L., Pavlovic J., Haller O. & Staeheli P. (1989). -cDNA structures and regulation of two interferon-induced human Mx proteins. Molec. cell. Biol., 9, 5062-5072.
3. Arnheiter H. & Meier E. (1990). - Mx proteins: antiviral proteins by chance or by necessity? New Biol., 2, 851-857.
4. Arnheiter H., Skuntz S., Noteborn M., Chang S. & Meier E. (1990). - Transgenic mice with intracellular immunity to influenza virus. Cell, 62, 51-61.
5. Arnheiter H., Frese M., Kambadur R., Meier E. & Haller O. (1996). - Mx transgenic mice - animal models of health. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 206, 119-147.
6. Baltimore D. (1988). - Intracellular immunisation. Nature, 335, 395-396.
7. Claas E.C.J., Osterhaus A.D.M.E., van Beek R., De Jong J.C., Rimmelzwaan G.F., Senne D.A., Krauss S., Shortridge K.F. & Webster R.G. (1988). - Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Lancet, 351, 472-477.
8. Davies F.G., Soi R.K. & Wairu B.N. (1984). - Abortion in sheep caused by Thogoto virus. Vet. Rec., 115, 654.
9. Davies C.R., Jones L.D. & Nuttall P.A. (1986). -Experimental studies on the transmission cycle of Thogoto virus, a candidate orthomyxovirus, in Rhipcephalus appendiculatus. Am. J. trop. Med. Hyg., 35, 1256-1262.
10. Davies C.R., Jones L.D., Green B.M. & Nuttall P.A. (1987). -In vivo reassortment of Thogoto virus (a tick-borne influenza-like virus) following oral infection of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. J. gen. Virol., 68, 2331-2338.
11. Dreiding P., Staeheli P. & Haller O. (1985). -Interferon-induced protein Mx accumulates in nuclei of mouse cells expressing resistance to influenza viruses. Virology, 140, 192-196.
12. Frese M., Kochs G., Meier-Dieter U., Siebler J., Staeheli P. & Haller O. (1995). - Human MxA protein inhibits tick-borne Thogoto but not Dhori virus. J. Virol., 69, 3904-3909.
13. Frese M., Kochs G., Feldmann H., Hertkorn C. & Haller O. (1996). - Inhibition of Bunyaviruses, Phleboviruses, and Hantaviruses by human MxA protein. J. Virol., 70, 915-923.
14. Frese M., Weeber M., Weber F., Speth V. & Haller O. (1997). - Mxl sensitivity: Batken virus is an orthomyxovirus closely related to Dhori virus. J. gen. Virol., 78, 2453-2458.
15. Gardiner K., Horisberger M.A., Kraus J., Tantravahi U., Korenberg J., Rao V., Reddy S. & Patterson D. (1990). -Analysis of human chromosome 21 : correlation of physical and cytogenetic maps; gene and CpG island distribution. EMBO J., 9, 25-34.
16. Griot C., Gonzalez-Scarano F. & Nathanson N. (1994). -Molecular determinants of the virulence and infectivity of California serogroup bunyaviruses. Annu. Rev. Microbiol., 47, 117-138.
17. Gu X. & Verma D. (1996). - Phragmoplastin, a dynamin-like protein associated with cell plate formation in plants. EMBO J., 15, 695-704.
18. Gui X.N., Ho M., Cohen M.S., Wang Q.L., Huang H.P. & Xie Q.X. (1987). - Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrom: treatment with recombinant α Interferon. J. infect. Dis., 155, 1047-1051.
19. Haig D.A., Woodall J.P. & Danskin D. (1965). - Thogoto virus: a hitherto undescribed agent isolated from ticks in Kenya. J. gen. Microbiol., 38, 389-394.
20. Haller O. (1975). - A mouse hepatotropic variant of influenza virus. Arch. Virol., 49, 99-116.
21. Haller O. (1981). - Inborn resistance of mice to orthomyxoviruses. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 92, 25-52.
22. Haller O., Arnheiter H., Lindenmann J. & Gresser I. (1980). -Host gene influences sensitivity to interferon action selectively for influenza virus. Nature, 283, 660-662.
23. Haller O., Acklin M. & Staeheli P. (1986). - Genetic resistance to influenza virus in wild mice. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 127, 331-337.
24. Haller O., Acklin M. & Staeheli P. (1987). - Influenza virus resistance of wild mice: wild type and mutant Mx alleles occur at comparable frequencies. J. Interferon Res., 7, 647-656.
25. Haller O., Frese M., Rost D., Nutall P.A. & Kochs G. (1995). -Tick-borne Thogoto virus infection in mice is inhibited by the orthomyxovirus resistance gene product Mxl. J. Virol., 69, 2596-2601.
26. Horisberger M.A. (1992). - Interferon-induced human protein MxA is a GTPase which binds transiently to cellular proteins. J. Virol., 66, 4705-4709.
27. Horisberger M.A., Whatelet M., Szpirer J., Szpirer C., Islam Q., Levan G., Huez G. & Content J. (1988). - cDNA cloning and assignment to chromosome 21 of IFI-78K gene, the human equivalent of murine Mx gene. Somat. Cell molec. Genet., 14, 123-131.
28. Horisberger M.A., McMaster G.K., Zeller H., Wathelet M.G., Dellis J. & Content J. (1990). - Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs for interferon-and virus-induced human Mx proteins reveal that they contain putative guanine nucleotide-binding sites: functional study of the corresponding gene promoter. J. Virol., 64, 1171-1181.
29. Hug H., Costas M., Staeheli P., Aebi M. & Weissmann C. (1988). - Organization of the raurine Mx gene and characterization of its Interferon-and virus-inducible promoter. Molec. cell Biol., 8, 3065-3079.
30. Jakschies D., Hochkeppel H.K., Horisberger M.A., Deicher H. & von Wussow P. (1990). - Emergence and decay of the human Mx homolog in cancer patients during and after interferon-alpha therapy. J. biol. Resp. Modif., 9, 305-312.
31. Johannes L., Amheiter H. & Meier E. (1991). - Virus specificity of rat Mx2 protein depends on subcellular localization. J. Interferon Res., 11 (Suppl.), 50.
32. Johannes L., Kambadur R., Lee-Hellmich H., Hodgkinson C.A., Arnheiter H. & Meier E. (1997). - Antiviral determinants of rat Mx GTPases map to the carboxy-terminal half. J. Virol., 71, 9792-9795.
33. Kanerva M., Melen K., Vaheri A. & Julkunen I. (1996). -Inhibition of Puumala and Tula hantaviruses in Vero cells by human MxA protein. Virology, 224, 55-62.
34. Kawaoka Y., Naeve C.W. & Webster R.G. (1984). - Is virulence of H5N2 influenza viruses in chickens associated with loss of carbohydrate from the hemagglutinin? Virology, 139, 303-316.
35. Kelly R.B. (1995). - Ringing necks with dynamin. Nature, 374, 116-117.
36. Kolb E., Laine E., Strehler D. & Staeheli P. (1992). -Resistance to influenza virus infection of Mx transgenic mice expressing Mx protein under the control of two constitutive promoters. J. Virol., 66, 1709-1716.
37. Krug R.M. (1989). - The influenza viruses. Plenum Press, New York, 89-152.
38. Krug R.M., Shaw M., Broni B., Shapiro G. & Haller O. (1985). - Inhibition of influenza viral mRNA synthesis in cells expressing the interferon-induced Mx gene product. J. Virol., 56, 201-206.
39. Landis H., Somon-Jödicke A., Klöti A., Di Paolo C., Schnorr J.-J., Schneider-Schaulies S., Hefti H.P. & Pavlovic J. (1998). - Human MxA protein confers resistance to Semliki Forest virus and inhibits the amplification of a Semliki Forest virus-based replicon in the absence of viral structural proteins. J. Virol., 72, 1516-1522.
40. Landschulz W.H., Johnson P.E. & McKnight S.L. (1988). -The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Science, 240, 1759-1764.
41. Laughlin L.W., Meegan J.M., Strausbaugh L.H., Morens D.M. & Watten R.H. (1979). - Epidemic Rift Valley fever in Egypt: observations of the spectrum of human illness. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg., 7, 630-633.
42. Lindenmann J. (1962). - Resistance of mice to mouse adapted influenza A virus. Virology, 16, 203-204.
43. Lindenmann J. (1964). - Inheritance of resistance to influenza virus in mice. Proc. Soc. expl Biol. Med., 116, 506.
44. Lindenmann J. & Klein P. (1996). - Further studies on the resistance of mice to myxoviruses. Arch. Virol., 19, 1.
45. Melen K., Ronni T., Broni B., Krug R.M., von Bonsdorff C.-H. & Julkunen I. (1992). - Interferon-induced Mx proteins form oligomers and contain a putative leucine zipper. J. biol. Chem., 267, 25898-25907.
46. Melen K. & Julkunen I. (1994). - Mutational analysis of murine Mxl protein: GTP binding core domain is essential for anti-influenza A activity. Virology, 205, 269-279.
47. Melen K., Keskinen P., Ronni T., Sareneva T., Lounatmaa K. & Julkunen I. (1996). - Human MxB protein, an interferon-a-inducible GTPase, contains a nuclear targeting signal and is localized in the heterochromatin region beneath the nuclear envelope. J. biol. Chem., 271, 23478-23486.
48. Moore D.L., Causey O.R., Carey D.E., Reddy S., Cooke A.R., Akinkugbe F.M., David-West T.S. & Kemp G.E. (1975). -Arthropod-borne viral infections of man in Nigeria, 1964-1970. Ann. trop. Med. Parasitol., 69, 49-64.
49. Müller M., Brenig B., Winnacker E.-L. & Brem G. (1992). -Transgenic pigs carrying cDNA copies encoding the murine Mxl protein which confers resistance to influenza virus infection. Gene, 121, 263-270.
50. Müller M., Winnaker E.-L. & Brem G. (1992). - Molecular cloning of porcine Mx cDNAs: new members of a family of interferon-inducible proteins with homology to GTP-binding proteins. J. Interferon Res., 12, 119-129.
51. Nakayama M., Nagata K. & Ishihama A. (1992). - Enzymatic properties of the mouse Mxl protein-associated GTPase. Virus Res., 22, 227-234.
52. Nakayama M., Yazaki K., Kusano A., Nagata K., Hanai N. & Ishihama A. (1993). - Structure of mouse Mxl protein: molecular assembly and GTP-dependent conformational change. J. biol. Chem., 268, 15033-15038.
53. Nichol S.T., Spiropoulou C.F., Morzunov S., Rollin P.E., Ksiazek T.G., Feldmann H., Sanchez A., Childs J., Zaki S. & Peters C.J. (1993). - Genetic identification of a Hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science, 262, 914-917.
54. Nuttall P.A., Morse M.A., Jones L.D. & Portela A. (1995). -Molecular evolution of viruses (A.J. Gibbs & C.M. Calisher, eds). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 416-425.
55. Pavlovic J., Haller O. & Staeheli P. (1992). - Human and mouse Mx-proteins inhibit different steps of the influenza virus multiplication cycle. J. Virol., 66, 2564-2569.
56. Pavlovic J., Arzet H.A., Hefti H.P., Frese M., Rost D., Ernst B., Kolb E., Staeheli P. & Haller O. (1995). - Enhanced virus resistance of transgenic mice expressing the human MxA protein. J. Virol., 69, 4506-4510.
57. Pensiero M.N., Sharefkin J.B., Diefenbach C.W. & Hay J. (1992). - Hantaan virus infection in human endothelial cells. J. gen. Virol., 66, 5929-5936.
58. Peters C.J., Reynolds J.A., Slone T.W., Jones D.E. & Stephen E.L. (1986). - Prophylaxis of Rift Valley fever with antiviral drugs, immune serum, an interferon inducer, and a macrophage activator. Antiviral Res., 6, 285-297.
59. Pitossi F., Blank A., Schröder A., Schwarz A., Hüssi P., Schwemmle M., Pavlovic J. & Staeheli P. (1993). - A functional GTP-binding motif is necessary for antiviral activity of Mx proteins. J. Virol., 67, 6726-6732.
60. Ponten A., Sick C., Weeber M., Haller O. & Kochs G. (1997). - Dominant-negative mutants of human MxA protein: domains in the carboxy-terminal moiety are important for oligomerization and antiviral activity. J. Virol., 71, 2591-2599.
61. Reeves R.H., O'Hara B.F., Pavan W.J., Gearhart J.D. & Haller O. (1988). - Genetic mapping of the Mx influenza virus-resistance gene within the region of mouse chromosome 16 that is homologous to human chromosome 21. J. Virol., 62, 4372-4375.
62. Roers A., Hochkeppel H.K., Horisberger M.A., Hovanessian A. & Haller O. (1994). - MxA gene expression after live virus vaccination: a sensitive marker for endogenous type 1 Interferon. J. inject. Dis., 169, 807-813.
63. Rothman J.H., Raymond C.K., Gilbert T., O'Hara P.J. & Stevens T.H. (1990). - A putative GTP binding protein homologous to interferon-inducible Mx proteins performs an essential function in yeast protein sorting. Cell, 61, 1063-1074.
64. Schneider-Schaulies S., Schneider-Schaulies J., Schuster A., Bayer M., Pavlovic J. & ter Meulen V. (1994). - Cell type-specific MxA mediated inhibition of measles virus transcription in human brain cells. J. Virol., 68, 6910-6917.
65. Schnorr J.-J., Schneider-Schaulies S., Simon-Jödicke A., Pavlovic J., Horisberger M.A. & ter Meulen V. (1993). -MxA-dependent inhibition of measles virus glycoprotein synthesis in a stably transfected human monocytic cell line. J. Virol., 67, 4760-4768.
66. Schwemmle M., Weining K.C., Richter M.F., Schumacher B. & Staeheli P. (1995). - Vesicular stomatitis virus transcription inhibited by purified MxA protein. Virology, 206, 545-554.
67. Staeheli P. & Haller O. (1985). - Interferon-induced human protein with homology to protein Mx of influenza virus resistant mice. Molec. cell. Biol., 5, 2150-2153.
68. Staeheli P., Haller O., Boll W., Lindenmann J. & Weissmann C. (1986). - Mx protein: constitutive expression in 3T3 cells transformed with cloned Mx cDNA confers selective resistance to influenza virus. Cell, 44, 147-158.
69. Staeheli P., Grob R., Meier E., Sutcliffe J.G. & Haller O. (1988). - Influenza virus-susceptible mice carry Mx genes with a large deletion or a nonsense mutation. Molec. cell. Biol., 8, 4518-4523.
70. Staeheli P. & Sutcliffe J.G. (1988). - Identification of a second interferon-regulated munne Mx gene. Molec. cell. Biol., 8, 4524-4528.
71. Staeheli P. & Pavlovic J. (1991). - Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus mRNA synthesis by human MxA protein. J. Virol., 65, 4498-4501.
72. Staeheli P., Pitossi F. & Pavlovic J. (1993). - Mx proteins: GTPases with antiviral activity. Trends Cell Biol., 3, 268-272.
73. Subbarao K., Klimov A., Katz J., Regnery H., Lim W., Hall H., Perdue M., Swayne D., Bender C., Huang J., Hemphill M., Rowe T., Shaw M., Xu X., Fukuda K. & Cox N. (1998). -Characterization of an avian influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from a child with a fatal respiratory illness. Science, 279, 393-396.
74. Takei K., McPherson P.S., Schmid S.L. & De Camilli P. (1995). - Tubular membrane invaginations coated by dynamin rings are induced by GTP-gamma S in nerve terminals. Nature, 374, 186-190.
75. Thimme R., Frese M., Kochs G. & Haller O. (1995). - Mxl resistance against tick-borne Dhori virus. Virology, 211, 296-301.
76. Urrutia R., Henley J.R., Cook T. & McNiven M.A. (1997). -The dynamins: redundant or distinct functions for an expanding family of related GTPases. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 733-384.
77. Webster R.G., Wright S.M., Castrucci M.R., Bean W.J. & Kawaoka Y. (1993). - Influenza - a model of an emerging virus disease. Intervirology, 35, 16-25.
78. Zürcher T., Pavlovic J. & Staeheli P. (1992). - Mechanism of human MxA protein action - variants with changed antiviral properties. EMBO J., 11, 1657-1661.
79. Zürcher T., Pavlovic J. & Staeheli P. (1992). - Mouse Mx2 protein inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus but not influenza virus. Virology, 187, 796-800.