Mitotic spindle assembly mechanisms

The Kinetochore: From Molecular Discoveries to Cancer Therapy

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 231-268

  Heald, Rebecca ^a   Walczak, Claire E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 69249187136     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69076-6_8     Document Type: Chapter

References (291)

1. Al-Bassam, J., van Breugel, M., Harrison, S. C. and Hyman, A. 2006. Stu2p binds tubulin and undergoes an open-to-closed conformational change. J Cell Biol 172: 1009-1022.
2. Albee, A. J., Tao, W. and Wiese, C. 2006. Phosphorylation of maskin by Aurora-A is regulated by RanGTP and importin beta. J Biol Chem 281: 38293-38301.
3. Andersen, J. S., Wilkinson, C. J., Mayor, T., Mortensen, P., Nigg, E. A. and Mann, M. 2003.
4. Proteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling. Nature 426: 570-574.
5. Andersen, S. S. L., Ashford, A. J., Tournebize, R., Gavet, O., A., S., Hyman, A. A. and Karsenti, E. 1997. Mitotic chromatin regulates phosphorylation of Stathmin/Op18. Nature 389: 640-643.
6. Antonio, C., Ferby, I., Wilhelm, H., Jones, M., Karsenti, E., Nebreda, A. R. and Vernos, I. 2000. Xkid, a chromokinesin required for chromosome alignment on the metaphase plate. Cell 102: 425-435.
7. Azimzadeh, J. and Bornens, M. 2007. Structure and duplication of the centrosome. J Cell Sci 120: 2139-2142.
8. Basto, R., Lau, J., Vinogradova, T., Gardiol, A., Woods, C. G., Khodjakov, A. and Raff, J. W. 2006. Flies without centrioles. Cell 125: 1375-1386.
9. Bellanger, J. M. and Gonczy, P. 2003. TAC-1 and ZYG-9 form a complex that promotes microtubule assembly in C. elegans embryos. Curr Biol 13: 1488-1498.
10. Belmont, L., Deacon, H. W. and Mitchison, T. J. 1996. Catastrophic revelations about Op18/stathmin. Trends Biochem Sci 21: 197-198.
11. Belmont, L. D., Hyman, A. A., Sawin, K. E. and Mitchison, T. J. 1990. Real-time visualization of cell cycle dependent changes in microtubule dynamics in cytoplasmic extracts. Cell 62: 579-589.
12. Belmont, L. D. and Mitchison, T. J. 1996. Identification of a protein that interacts with tubulin dimers and increases the catastrophe rate of microtubules. Cell 84: 623-631.
13. Blower, M. D., Nachury, M., Heald, R. and Weis, K. 2005. A Rae1-containing ribonucleoprotein complex is required for mitotic spindle assembly. Cell 121: 223-234.
14. Brittle, A. L. and Ohkura, H. 2005. Mini spindles, the XMAP215 homologue, suppresses pausing of interphase microtubules in Drosophila. Embo J 24: 1387-1396.
15. Brouhard, G. J. and Hunt, A. J. 2005. Microtubule movements on the arms of mitotic chromosomes: polar ejection forces quantified in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 13903-13908.
16. Brown, J. A., Bharathi, A., Ghosh, A., Whalen, W., Fitzgerald, E. and Dhar, R. 1995. A mutation in the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rae1 gene causes defects in poly(A)+ RNA export and in the cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 270: 7411-7419.
17. Brust-Mascher, I., Civelekoglu-Scholey, G., Kwon, M., Mogilner, A. and Scholey, J. M. 2004. Model for anaphase B: role of three mitotic motors in a switch from poleward flux to spindle elongation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 15938-15943.
18. Budde, P. P., Kumagai, A., Dunphy, W. G. and Heald, R. 2001. Regulation of Op18 during spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts. J Cell Biol 153: 149-158.
19. Burbank, K. S., Mitchison, T. J. and Fisher, D. S. 2007. Slide-and-cluster models for spindle assembly. Curr Biol 17: 1373-1383.
20. Cameron, L. A., Yang, G., Cimini, D., Canman, J. C., Kisurina-Evgenieva, O., Khodjakov, A., Danuser, G. and Salmon, E. D. 2006. Kinesin 5-independent poleward flux of kinetochore microtubules in PtK1 cells. J Cell Biol 173: 173-179.
21. Carazo-Salas, R. E., Gruss, O. J., Mattaj, I. W. and Karsenti, E. 2001. Ran-GTP coordinates regulation of microtubule nucleation and dynamics during mitotic-spindle assembly. Nat Cell Biol 3: 228-234.
22. Carminati, J. L. and Stearns, T. 1997. Microtubules orient the mitotic spindle in yeast through dynein-dependent interactions with the cell cortex. J Cell Biol 138: 629-641.
23. Cassimeris, L. 1993. Regulation of microtubule dynamic instability. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 26: 275-281.
24. Cassimeris, L. 2002. The oncoprotein 18/stathmin family of microtubule destabilizers. Curr Opin Cell Biol 14: 18-24.
25. Cassimeris, L. and Morabito, J. 2004. TOGp, the human homolog of XMAP215/Dis1, is required for centrosome integrity, spindle pole organization, and bipolar spindle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 15: 1580-1590.
26. Chang, P., Coughlin, M. and Mitchison, T. J. 2005. Tankyrase-1 polymerization of poly(-ADP-ribose) is required for spindle structure and function. Nat Cell Biol 7: 1133-1139.
27. Chang, P., Jacobson, M. K. and Mitchison, T. J. 2004. Poly(ADP-ribose) is required for spindle assembly and structure. Nature 432: 645-649.
28. Chang, W., Dynek, J. N. and Smith, S. 2005. NuMA is a major acceptor of poly(ADPribosyl) ation by tankyrase 1 in mitosis. Biochem J 391: 177-184.
29. Compton, D. A. 2005. Regulation of mitosis by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Biochem J 391: e5-6.
30. Compton, D. A. and Cleveland, D. W. 1993. NuMA is required for the proper completion of mitosis. J Cell Biol 120: 947-957.
31. Compton, D. A., Szilak, I. and Cleveland, D. W. 1992. Primary structure of NuMA, an intranuclear protein that defines a novel pathway for segregation of proteins at mitosis. J Cell Biol 116: 1395-1408.
32. Cottingham, F. R., Gheber, L., Miller, D. L. and Hoyt, M. A. 1999. Novel roles for saccharomyces cerevisiae mitotic spindle motors. J Cell Biol 147: 335-350.
33. Cullen, C. F., Deak, P., Glover, D. M. and Ohkura, H. 1999. mini spindles: A gene encoding a conserved microtubule-associated protein required for the integrity of the mitotic spindle in Drosophila. J Cell Biol 146: 1005-1018.
34. Cytrynbaum, E. N., Scholey, J. M. and Mogilner, A. 2003. A force balance model of early spindle pole separation in Drosophila embryos. Biophys J 84: 757-769.
35. Dammermann, A., Desai, A. and Oegema, K. 2003. The minus end in sight. Curr Biol 13: R614-624.
36. DeLuca, J. G., Dong, Y., Hergert, P., Strauss, J., Hickey, J. M., Salmon, E. D. and McEwen, B. F. 2005. Hec1 and nuf2 are core components of the kinetochore outer plate essential for organizing microtubule attachment sites. Mol Biol Cell 16: 519-531.
37. DeLuca, J. G., Moree, B., Hickey, J. M., Kilmartin, J. V. and Salmon, E. D. 2002. hNuf2 inhibition blocks stable kinetochore-microtubule attachment and induces mitotic cell death in HeLa cells. J Cell Biol 159: 549-555.
38. Desai, A. and Mitchison, T. J. 1997. Microtubule polymerization dynamics. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 13: 83-117.
39. DeZwaan, T. M., Ellingson, E., Pellman, D. and Roof, D. M. 1997. Kinesin-related KIP3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for a distinct step in nuclear migration. J. Cell Biol. 138: 1023-1040.
40. Doxsey, S., McCollum, D. and Theurkauf, W. 2005. Centrosomes in cellular regulation. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 21: 411-434.
41. Drechsel, D. N. and Kirschner, M. W. 1994. The minimum GTP cap required to stabilize microtubules. Curr Biol 4: 1053-1061.
42. Dujardin, D., Wacker, U. I., Moreau, A., Schroer, T. A., Rickard, J. E. and De Mey, J. R. 1998. Evidence for a role of CLIP-170 in the establishment of metaphase chromosome alignment. J Cell Biol 141: 849-862.
43. Earnshaw, W. C. and Rothfield, N. 1985. Identification of a family of human centromere proteins using autoimmune sera from patients with scleroderma. Chromosoma 91: 313-321.
44. Echeverri, C. J., Paschal, B. M., Vaughan, K. T. and Vallee, R. B. 1996. Molecular characterization of the 50-kD subunit of dynactin reveals function for the complex in chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis. J Cell Biol. 132: 617-633.
45. Eggert, U. S., Mitchison, T. J. and Field, C. M. 2006. Animal cytokinesis: from parts list to mechanisms. Annu Rev Biochem 75: 543-566.
46. Ems-McClung, S. C., Hertzer, K. M., Zhang, X., Miller, M. W. and Walczak, C. E. 2007. The interplay of the N-and C-terminal domains of MCAK control microtubule depolymerization activity and spindle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 18: 282-294.
47. Ems-McClung, S. C., Zheng, Y. and Walczak, C. E. 2004. Importin alpha/beta and Ran-GTP regulate XCTK2 microtubule binding through a bipartite nuclear localization signal. Mol Biol Cell 15: 46-57.
48. Endow, S. A., Chandra, R., Komma, D. J., Yamamoto, A. H. and Salmon, E. D. 1994.
49. Mutants of the Drosophila ncd microtubule motor protein cause centrosomal and spindle pole defects in mitosis. J Cell Sci 107: 859-867.
50. Enos, A. P. and Morris, N. R. 1990. Mutation of a gene that encodes a kinesin-like protein blocks nuclear division in A. nidulans. Cell 60: 1019-1027.
51. Eshel, D., Urrestarazu, L. A., Vissers, S., Jauniaux, J.-C., van Vliet-Reedijk, J. C., Planta, R. J. and Gibbon, I. R. 1993. Cytoplasmic dynein is required for normal nuclear segregation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 11172-11176.
52. Eyers, P. A., Erikson, E., Chen, L. G. and Maller, J. L. 2003. A novel mechanism for activation of the protein kinase Aurora A. Curr Biol 13: 691-697.
53. Fant, X., Merdes, A. and Haren, L. 2004. Cell and molecular biology of spindle poles and NuMA. Int Rev Cytol 238: 1-57.
54. Fraser, A. G., Kamath, R. S., Zipperlen, P., Martinez-Campos, M., Sohrmann, M. and Ahringer, J. 2000. Functional genomic analysis of C. elegans chromosome I by systematic RNA interference. Nature 408: 325-330.
55. Funabiki, H. and Murray, A. W. 2000. The Xenopus chromokinesin Xkid is essential for metaphase chromosome alignment and must be degraded to allow anaphase chromosome movement. Cell 102: 411-424.
56. Gadea, B. B. and Ruderman, J. V. 2006. Aurora B is required for mitotic chromatin-induced phosphorylation of Op18/Stathmin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 4493-4498.
57. Gaetz, J. and Kapoor, T. M. 2004. Dynein/dynactin regulate metaphase spindle length by targeting depolymerizing activities to spindle poles. J Cell Biol 166: 465-471.
58. Gaglio, T., Dionne, M. A. and Compton, D. A. 1997. Mitotic spindle poles are organized by structural and motor proteins in addition to centrosomes. J Cell Biol 138: 1055-1066.
59. Gaglio, T., Saredi, A., Bingham, J. B., Hasbani, M. J., Gill, S. R., Schroer, T. A. and Compton, D. A. 1996. Opposing motor activities are required for the organization of the mammalian mitotic spindle pole. J Cell Biol 135: 399-414.
60. Ganem, N. J. and Compton, D. A. 2004. The KinI kinesin Kif2a is required for bipolar spindle assembly through a functional relationship with MCAK. J Cell Biol 166: 473-478.
61. Ganem, N. J., Upton, K. and Compton, D. A. 2005. Efficient mitosis in human cells lacking poleward microtubule flux. Curr Biol 15: 1827-1832.
62. Garcia, M. A., Koonrugsa, N. and Toda, T. 2002. Spindle-kinetochore attachment requires the combined action of Kin I-like Klp5/6 and Alp14/Dis1-MAPs in fission yeast. Embo J 21: 6015-6024.
63. Garcia, M. A., Koonrugsa, N. and Toda, T. 2002. Two kinesin-like Kin I family proteins in fission yeast regulate the establishment of metaphase and the onset of anaphase A. Curr Biol 12: 610-621.
64. Gard, D. L. and Kirschner, M. W. 1987. A microtubule-associated protein from Xenopus eggs that specifically promotes assembly at the plus-end. J Cell Biol 105: 2203-2215.
65. Garrett, S., Auer, K., Compton, D. A. and Kapoor, T. M. 2002. hTPX2 is required for normal spindle morphology and centrosome integrity during vertebrate cell division. Curr Biol 12: 2055-2059.
66. Gassmann, R., Carvalho, A., Henzing, A. J., Ruchaud, S., Hudson, D. F., Honda, R., Nigg, E. A., Gerloff, D. L. and Earnshaw, W. C. 2004. Borealin: a novel chromosomal passenger required for stability of the bipolar mitotic spindle. J Cell Biol 166: 179-191.
67. Gassmann, R., Henzing, A. J. and Earnshaw, W. C. 2005. Novel components of human mitotic chromosomes identified by proteomic analysis of the chromosome scaffold fraction. Chromosoma 113: 385-397.
68. Gergely, F., Draviam, V. M. and Raff, J. W. 2003. The ch-TOG/XMAP215 protein is essential for spindle pole organization in human somatic cells. Genes Dev 17: 336-341.
69. Giet, R., McLean, D., Descamps, S., Lee, M. J., Raff, J. W., Prigent, C. and Glover, D. M. 2002. Drosophila Aurora A kinase is required to localize D-TACC to centrosomes and to regulate astral microtubules. J Cell Biol 156: 437-451.
70. Giet, R., Uzbekov, R., Cubizolles, F., Le Guellec, K. and Prigent, C. 1999. The Xenopus laevis aurora-related protein kinase pEg2 associates with and phosphorylates the kinesinrelated protein XlEg5. J Biol Chem 274: 15005-15013.
71. Gliksman, N. R., Skibbens, R. V. and Salmon, E. D. 1993. How the transition frequencies of microtubule dynamic instability (nucleation, catastrophe, and rescue) regulate microtubule dynamics in interphase and mitosis: analysis using a Monte Carlo computer simulation. Mol Biol Cell 4: 1035-1050.
72. Gönczy P, Pichler S, Kirkham M, Hyman AA. 1999. Cytoplasmic dynein is required for distinct aspects of MTOC positioning, including centrosome separation, in the one cell stage Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. J Cell Biol 4(147): 135-50.
73. Gonczy, P., et al. 2000. Functional genomic analysis of cell division in C. elegans using RNAi of genes on chromosome III. Nature 408: 331-336.
74. Gordon, M. B., Howard, L. and Compton, D. A. 2001. Chromosome movement in mitosis requires microtubule anchorage at spindle poles. J Cell Biol 152: 425-434.
75. Goshima, G., Nedelec, F. and Vale, R. D. 2005. Mechanisms for focusing mitotic spindle poles by minus end-directed motor proteins. J Cell Biol 171: 229-240.
76. Goshima, G. and Vale, R. D. 2003. The roles of microtubule-based motor proteins in mitosis: comprehensive RNAi analysis in the Drosophila S2 cell line. J Cell Biol 162: 1003-1016.
77. Goshima, G., Wollman, R., Stuurman, N., Scholey, J. M. and Vale, R. D. 2005. Length control of the metaphase spindle. Curr Biol 15: 1979-1988.
78. Grava, S., Schaerer, F., Faty, M., Philippsen, P. and Barral, Y. 2006. Asymmetric recruitment of dynein to spindle poles and microtubules promotes proper spindle orientation in yeast. Dev Cell 10: 425-439.
79. Green, R. A. and Kaplan, K. B. 2003. Chromosome instability in colorectal tumor cells is associated with defects in microtubule plus-end attachments caused by a dominant mutation in APC. J Cell Biol 163: 949-961.
80. Green, R. A., Wollman, R. and Kaplan, K. B. 2005. APC and EB1 function together in mitosis to regulate spindle dynamics and chromosome alignment. Mol Biol Cell 16: 4609-4622.
81. Grishchuk, E. L., Spiridonov, I. S. and McIntosh, J. R. 2007. Mitotic chromosome biorientation in fission yeast is enhanced by dynein and a minus-end-directed, kinesin-like protein. Mol Biol Cell 18: 2216-2225.
82. Groen, A. C., Cameron, L. A., Coughlin, M., Miyamoto, D. T., Mitchison, T. J. and Ohi, R. 2004. XRHAMM functions in ran-dependent microtubule nucleation and pole formation during anastral spindle assembly. Curr Biol 14: 1801-1811.
83. Gruneberg, U., Neef, R., Li, X., Chan, E. H., Chalamalasetty, R. B., Nigg, E. A. and Barr, F. A. 2006. KIF14 and citron kinase act together to promote efficient cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 172: 363-372.
84. Gruss, O. J., et al. 2001. Ran induces spindle assembly by reversing the inhibitory effect of importin alpha on TPX2 activity. Cell 104: 83-93.
85. Gruss, O. J., Wittmann, M., Yokoyama, H., Pepperkok, R., Kufer, T., Sillje, H., Karsenti, E., Mattaj, I. W. and Vernos, I. 2002. Chromosome-induced microtubule assembly mediated by TPX2 is required for spindle formation in HeLa cells. Nat Cell Biol 4: 871-879.
86. Gupta, M. L., Jr., Carvalho, P., Roof, D. M. and Pellman, D. 2006. Plus end-specific depolymerase activity of Kip3, a kinesin-8 protein, explains its role in positioning the yeast mitotic spindle. Nat Cell Biol 8: 913-923.
87. Hagan, I. and Yanagida, M. 1990. Novel potential mitotic motor protein encoded by the fission yeast cut7+ gene. Nature 347: 563-566.
88. Hayes, S. 2006. Lamin in the spindle matrix. Nat Cell Biol 8: 550.
89. Heald, R., Tournebize, R., Blank, T., Sandaltzopoulos, R., Becker, P., Hyman, A. and Karsenti, E. 1996. Self-organization of microtubules into bipolar spindles around artificial chromosomes in Xenopus egg extracts. Nature 382: 420-425.
90. Heald, R., Tournebize, R., Habermann, A., Karsenti, E. and Hyman, A. 1997. Spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts: respective roles of centrosomes and microtubule selforganization. J Cell Biol 138: 615-628.
91. Heck, M. M. S., Pereira, A., Pesavento, P., Yannoni, Y., Spradling, A. C. and Goldstein, L. S. B. 1993. The kinesin-like protein KLP61F is essential for mitosis in Drosophila. J Cell Biol. 123: 665-679.
92. Hetzer, M., Gruss, O. J. and Mattaj, I. W. 2002. The Ran GTPase as a marker of chromosome position in spindle formation and nuclear envelope assembly. Nat Cell Biol 4: E177-184.
93. Holmfeldt, P., Brannstrom, K., Stenmark, S. and Gullberg, M. 2006. Aneugenic activity of Op18/stathmin is potentiated by the somatic Q18-e mutation in leukemic cells. Mol Biol Cell 17: 2921-2930.
94. Holmfeldt, P., Brattsand,G. andGullberg, M. 2002. MAP4 counteracts microtubule catastrophe promotion but not tubulin-sequestering activity in intact cells. Curr Biol 12: 1034-1039.
95. Holmfeldt, P., Stenmark, S. and Gullberg, M. 2004. Differential functional interplay of TOGp/XMAP215 and the KinI kinesin MCAK during interphase and mitosis. Embo J 23: 627-637.
96. Howard, J. and Hyman, A. A. 2003. Dynamics and mechanics of the microtubule plus end. Nature 422: 753-758.
97. Hoyt, M. A., He, L., Totis, L. and Saunders, W. S. 1993. Loss of function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related CIN8 and KIP1 is suppressed by KAR3 motor domain mutations. Genetics 135: 35-44.
98. Huang, B. and Huffaker, T. C. 2006. Dynamic microtubules are essential for efficient chromosome capture and biorientation in S. cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 175: 17-23.
99. Joukov, V., Groen, A. C., Prokhorova, T., Gerson, R., White, E., Rodriguez, A., Walter, J. C. and Livingston, D. M. 2006. The BRCA1/BARD1 heterodimer modulates ran-dependent mitotic spindle assembly. Cell 127: 539-552.
100. Kalab, P., Weis, K. and Heald, R. 2002. Visualization of a Ran-GTP gradient in interphase and mitotic Xenopus egg extracts. Science 295: 2452-2456.
101. Kapitein, L. C., Peterman, E. J., Kwok, B. H., Kim, J. H., Kapoor, T. M. and Schmidt, C. F. 2005. The bipolar mitotic kinesin Eg5 moves on both microtubules that it crosslinks. Nature 435: 114-118.
102. Kapoor, T. M. and Compton, D. A. 2002. Searching for the middle ground: mechanisms of chromosome alignment during mitosis. J Cell Biol 157: 551-556.
103. Kapoor, T. M., Lampson, M. A., Hergert, P., Cameron, L., Cimini, D., Salmon, E. D., McEwen, B. F. and Khodjakov, A. 2006. Chromosomes can congress to the metaphase plate before biorientation. Science 311: 388-391.
104. Kapoor, T. M., Mayer, T. U., Coughlin, M. L. and Mitchison, T. J. 2000. Probing spindle assembly mechanisms with monastrol, a small molecule inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin, Eg5. J Cell Biol 150: 975-988.
105. Kapoor, T. M. and Mitchison, T. J. 2001. Eg5 is static in bipolar spindles relative to tubulin: evidence for a static spindle matrix. J Cell Biol 154: 1125-1133.
106. Karsenti, E. and Vernos, I. 2001. The mitotic spindle: a self-made machine. Science 294: 543-547.
107. Kashina, A. S., Baskin, R. J., Cole, D. G., Wedaman, K. P., Saxton, W. M. and Scholey, J. M. 1996. A bipolar kinesin. Nature 379: 270-272.
108. Kelly, A. E., Sampath, S. C., Maniar, T. A., Woo, E. M., Chait, B. T. and Funabiki, H. 2007.
109. Chromosomal enrichment and activation of the aurora B pathway are coupled to spatially regulate spindle assembly. Dev Cell 12: 31-43.
110. Kerscher, O., Felberbaum, R. and Hochstrasser, M. 2006. Modification of proteins by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 22: 159-180.
111. Kerssemakers, J. W., Munteanu, E. L., Laan, L., Noetzel, T. L., Janson, M. E. and Dogterom, M. 2006. Assembly dynamics of microtubules at molecular resolution. Nature 442: 709-712.
112. Khodjakov, A., Cole, R. W., Oakley, B. R. and Rieder, C. L. 2000. Centrosome-independent mitotic spindle formation in vertebrates. Curr Biol 10: 59-67.
113. Khodjakov, A., Copenagle, L., Gordon, M. B., Compton, D. A. and Kapoor, T. M. 2003.
114. Minus-end capture of preformed kinetochore fibers contributes to spindle morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 160: 671-683.
115. Khodjakov, A. and Rieder, C. L. 1999. The sudden recruitment of gamma-tubulin to the centrosome at the onset of mitosis and its dynamic exchange throughout the cell cycle, do not require microtubules. J Cell Biol 146: 585-596.
116. Khodjakov, A. and Rieder, C. L. 2001. Centrosomes enhance the fidelity of cytokinesis in vertebrates and are required for cell cycle progression. J Cell Biol 153: 237-242.
117. King, S. M. 2002. Dyneins motor on in plants. Traffic 3: 930-931.
118. Kinoshita, K., Arnal, I., Desai, A., Drechsel, D. N. and Hyman, A. A. 2001. Reconstitution of physiological microtubule dynamics using purified components. Science 294: 1340-1343.
119. Kinoshita, K., Noetzel, T. L., Pelletier, L., Mechtler, K., Drechsel, D. N., Schwager, A., Lee, M., Raff, J. W. and Hyman, A. A. 2005. Aurora A phosphorylation of TACC3/maskin is required for centrosome-dependent microtubule assembly in mitosis. J Cell Biol 170: 1047-1055.
120. Kirschner, M. W. and Mitchison, T. J. 1986. Beyond self assembly: from microtubules to morphogenesis. Cell 45: 329-342.
121. Kittler, R. and Buchholz, F. 2005. Functional genomic analysis of cell division by endoribonuclease-prepared siRNAs. Cell Cycle 4: 564-567.
122. Kline-Smith, S. L., Khodjakov, A., Hergert, P. and Walczak, C. E. 2004. Depletion of centromeric MCAK leads to chromosome congression and segregation defects due to improper kinetochore attachments. Mol Biol Cell 15: 1146-1159.
123. Kline-Smith, S. L. and Walczak, C. E. 2002. The Microtubule-destabilizing Kinesin XKCM1 Regulates Microtubule Dynamic Instability in Cells. Mol Biol Cell 13: 2718-2731.
124. Koffa, M. D., Casanova, C. M., Santarella, R., Kocher, T., Wilm, M. and Mattaj, I. W. 2006.
125. HURP is part of a Ran-dependent complex involved in spindle formation. Curr Biol 16: 743-754.
126. Kosco, K. A., Pearson, C. G., Maddox, P. S., Wang, P. J., Adams, I. R., Salmon, E. D., Bloom, K. and Huffaker, T. C. 2001. Control of microtubule dynamics by Stu2p is essential for spindle orientation and metaphase chromosome alignment in yeast. Mol Biol Cell 12: 2870-2880.
127. Kuntziger, T., Gavet, O., Manceau, V., Sobel, A. and Bornens, M. 2001. Stathmin/Op18 phosphorylation is regulated by microtubule assembly. Mol Biol Cell 12: 437-448.
128. Kuriyama, R. and Borisy, G. G. 1981. Microtubule-nucleating activity of centrosomes in chinese hamster ovary cells is independent of the centriole cycle but coupled to the mitotic cycle. J Cell Biol. 91: 822-826.
129. Kuriyama, R., Gustus, C., Terada, Y., Uetake, Y. and Matuliene, J. 2002. CHO1, a mammalian kinesin-like protein, interacts with F-actin and is involved in the terminal phase of cytokinesis. J Cell Biol 156: 783-790.
130. Lansbergen, G. and Akhmanova, A. 2006. Microtubule plus end: a hub of cellular activities. Traffic 7: 499-507.
131. Larsson, N., Marklund, U., Gradin, H. M., Brattsand, G. and Gullberg, M. 1997. Control of microtubule dynamics by oncoprotein 18: dissection of the regulatory role of multisite phosphorylation during mitosis. Mol Cell Biol 17: 5530-5539.
132. Lee, M. J., Gergely, F., Jeffers, K., Peak-Chew, S. Y. and Raff, J. W. 2001. Msps/XMAP215 interacts with the centrosomal protein D-TACC to regulate microtubule behaviour. Nat Cell Biol 3: 643-649.
133. Levesque, A. A. and Compton, D. A. 2001. The chromokinesin Kid is necessary for chromosome arm orientation and oscillation, but not congression, on mitotic spindles. J Cell Biol 154: 1135-1146.
134. Lew, D. J. and Burke, D. J. 2003. The spindle assembly and spindle position checkpoints. Annu Rev Genet 37: 251-282.
135. Li, J., Lee, W. L. and Cooper, J. A. 2005. NudEL targets dynein to microtubule ends through LIS1. Nat Cell Biol 7: 686-690.
136. Li, Y., Yeh, E., Hays, T. and Bloom, K. 1993. Disruption of mitotic spindle orientation in a yeast dynein mutant. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 10096-10100.
137. Liang, Y., et al. 2007. Nudel modulates kinetochore association and function of cytoplasmic dynein in M phase. Mol Biol Cell 18: 2656-2666.
138. Maiato, H., Fairley, E. A., Rieder, C. L., Swedlow, J. R., Sunkel, C. E. and Earnshaw, W. C. 2003. Human CLASP1 is an outer kinetochore component that regulates spindle microtubule dynamics. Cell 113: 891-904.
139. Maiato, H., Khodjakov, A. and Rieder, C. L. 2005. Drosophila CLASP is required for the incorporation of microtubule subunits into fluxing kinetochore fibres. Nat Cell Biol 7: 42-47.
140. Maiato, H., Khodjakov, A. and Rieder, C. L. 2005. MAST/Orbit is required for microtubule subunit incorporation into fluxing kinetochore fibers. Nat Cell Biol.
141. Maiato, H., Rieder, C. L. and Khodjakov, A. 2004. Kinetochore-driven formation of kinetochore fibers contributes to spindle assembly during animal mitosis. J Cell Biol 167: 831-840.
142. Maiato, H., Sampaio, P., Lemos, C. L., Findlay, J., Carmena, M., Earnshaw, W. C. and Sunkel, C. E. 2002. MAST/Orbit has a role in microtubule-kinetochore attachment and is essential for chromosome alignment and maintenance of spindle bipolarity. J Cell Biol 157: 749-760.
143. Maiato, H., Sunkel, C. E. and Earnshaw, W. C. 2003. Dissecting mitosis by RNAi in Drosophila tissue culture cells. Biol Proced Online 5: 153-161.
144. Maney, T., Hunter, A. W., Wagenbach, M. and Wordeman, L. 1998. Mitotic centromereassociated kinesin is important for anaphase chromosome segregation. J. Cell Biol 142: 787-801.
145. Manning, A. L. and Compton, D. A. 2007. Mechanisms of spindle-pole organization are influenced by kinetochore activity in mammalian cells. Curr Biol 17: 260-265.
146. Manning, A. L., Ganem, N. J., Bakhoum, S. F., Wagenbach, M., Wordeman, L. and Compton, D. A. 2007. The Kinesin-13 Proteins Kif2a, Kif2b, and Kif2c/MCAK Have Distinct Roles during Mitosis in Human Cells. Mol Biol Cell 18: 2970-2979.
147. Maresca, T. J., Niederstrasser, H., Weis, K. and Heald, R. 2005. Xnf7 contributes to spindle integrity through its microtubule-bundling activity. Curr Biol 15: 1755-1761.
148. Mastronarde, D. N., McDonald, K. L., Ding, R. and McIntosh, J. R. 1993. Interpolar spindle microtubules in PTK cells. J Cell Biol 123: 1475-1489.
149. Matuliene, J. and Kuriyama, R. 2002. Kinesin-like protein CHO1 is required for the formation of midbody matrix and the completion of cytokinesis in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 13: 1832-1845.
150. Mayer, T. U., Kapoor, T. M., Haggarty, S. J., King, R. W., Schreiber, S. L. and Mitchison, T. J. 1999. Small molecule inhibitor of mitotic spindle bipolarity identified in a phenotypebased screen. Science 286: 971-974.
151. Mayr, M. I., Hummer, S., Bormann, J., Gruner, T., Adio, S., Woehlke, G. and Mayer, T. U. 2007. The human kinesin Kif18A is a motile microtubule depolymerase essential for chromosome congression. Curr Biol 17: 488-498.
152. Mazumdar, M., Sundareshan, S. and Misteli, T. 2004. Human chromokinesin KIF4A functions in chromosome condensation and segregation. J Cell Biol 166: 613-620.
153. McDonald, H. B. and Goldstein, L. S. 1990. Identification and characterization of a gene encoding a kinesin-like protein in Drosophila. Cell 61: 991-1000.
154. McDonald, H. B., Stewart, R. J. and Goldstein, L. S. B. 1990. The kinesin like ncd protein is a minus end directed microtubule motor. Cell 63: 1159-1165.
155. McDonald, K. L., O'Toole, E. T., Mastronarde, D. N. and McIntosh, J. R. 1992. Kinetochore microtubules in PTK cells. J Cell Biol 118: 369-383.
156. McEwen, B. F., Chan, G. K., Zubrowski, B., Savoian, M. S., Sauer, M. T. and Yen, T. J. 2001.
157. CENP-E is essential for reliable bioriented spindle attachment, but chromosome alignment can be achieved via redundant mechanisms in mammalian cells. Mol Biol Cell 12: 2776-2789.
158. McIntosh, J. R., Grishchuk, E. L. and West, R. R. 2002. Chromosome-microtubule interactions during mitosis. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 18: 193-219.
159. Measday, V., et al. 2005. Systematic yeast synthetic lethal and synthetic dosage lethal screens identify genes required for chromosome segregation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102: 13956-13961.
160. Meluh, P. B. and Rose, M. D. 1990. KAR3, a kinesin-related gene required for yeast nuclear fusion. Cell 60: 1029-1041.
161. Meraldi, P., Honda, R. and Nigg, E. A. 2004. Aurora kinases link chromosome segregation and cell division to cancer susceptibility. Curr Opin Genet Dev 14: 29-36.
162. Merdes, A. and Cleveland, D. W. 1997. Pathways of spindle pole formation: different mechanisms; conserved components. J Cell Biol 138: 953-956.
163. Merdes, A., Heald, R., Samejima, K., Earnshaw,W. C. and Cleveland, D. W. 2000. Formation of spindle poles by dynein/dynactin-dependent transport ofNuMA. J Cell Biol 149: 851-862.
164. Merdes, A., Ramyar, K., Vechio, J. D. and Cleveland, D. W. 1996. A complex of NuMA and cytoplasmic dynein is essential for mitotic spindle assembly. Cell 87: 447-458.
165. Miller, R. K., Cheng, S. C. and Rose, M. D. 2000. Bim1p/Yeb1p mediates the Kar9pdependent cortical attachment of cytoplasmic microtubules. Mol Biol Cell 11: 2949-2959.
166. Miller, R. K., Matheos, D. and Rose, M. D. 1999. The cortical localization of the microtubule orientation protein, Kar9p, is dependent upon actin and proteins required for polarization. J Cell Biol 144: 963-975.
167. Misek, D. E., Chang, C. L., Kuick, R., Hinderer, R., Giordano, T. J., Beer, D. G. and Hanash, S. M. 2002. Transforming properties of a Q18-E mutation of the microtubule regulator Op18. Cancer Cell 2: 217-228.
168. Mitchison, T. and Kirschner, M. 1984. Dynamic instability of microtubule growth. Nature 312: 237-242.
169. Mitchison, T. J. 1993. Localization of an exchangeable GTP binding site at the plus end of microtubules. Science 261: 1044-1047.
170. Miyamoto, D. T., Perlman, Z. E., Burbank, K. S., Groen, A. C. and Mitchison, T. J. 2004.
171. The kinesin Eg5 drives poleward microtubule flux in Xenopus egg extract spindles. J Cell Biol. 167: 813-818.
172. Mogilner, A., Wollman, R., Civelekoglu-Scholey, G. and Scholey, J. 2006. Modeling mitosis. Trends Cell Biol 16: 88-96.
173. Morales-Mulia, S. and Scholey, J. M. 2005. Spindle pole organization in Drosophila S2 cells by dynein, abnormal spindle protein (Asp), and KLP10A. Mol Biol Cell 16: 3176-3186.
174. Mountain, V., Simerly, C., Howard, L., Ando, A., Schatten, G. and Compton, D. A. 1999.
175. The kinesin-related protein, HSET, opposes the activity of Eg5 and cross-links microtubules in the mammalian mitotic spindle. J Cell Biol 147: 351-366.
176. Nachury, M. V., Maresca, T. J., Salmon, W. C., Waterman-Storer, C. M., Heald, R. and Weis, K. 2001. Importin beta is a mitotic target of the small GTPase Ran in spindle assembly. Cell 104: 95-106.
177. Nelson, C. R. and Szauter, P. 1992. Timing of mitotic chromosome loss caused by the ncd mutation of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 23: 34-44.
178. Niethammer, P., Kronja, I., Kandels-Lewis, S., Rybina, S., Bastiaens, P. and Karsenti, E. 2007. Discrete states of a protein interaction network govern interphase and mitotic microtubule dynamics. PLoS Biol 5: e29.
179. Nigg, E. A. 2001. Mitotic kinases as regulators of cell division and its checkpoints. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2: 21-32.
180. Noetzel, T. L., Drechsel, D. N., Hyman, A. A. and Kinoshita, K. 2005. A comparison of the ability of XMAP215 and tau to inhibit the microtubule destabilizing activity of XKCM1. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360: 591-594.
181. Nogales, E. 1999. A structural view of microtubule dynamics. Cell Mol Life Sci 56: 133-142.
182. Nogales, E., Whittaker, M., Milligan, R. A. and Downing, K. H. 1999. High-resolution model of the microtubule. Cell 96: 79-88.
183. Nousiainen, M., Sillje, H. H., Sauer, G., Nigg, E. A. and Korner, R. 2006. Phosphoproteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 5391-5396.
184. O'Brien, L. L., Albee, A. J., Liu, L., Tao, W., Dobrzyn, P., Lizarraga, S. B. and Wiese, C. 2005. The Xenopus TACC homologue, maskin, functions in mitotic spindle assembly. Mol Biol Cell 16: 2836-2847.
185. O'Connell, C. B. and Khodjakov, A. L. 2007. Cooperative mechanisms of mitotic spindle formation. J Cell Sci 120: 1717-1722.
186. O'Connell, M. J., Krien, M. J. and Hunter, T. 2003. Never say never. The NIMA-related protein kinases in mitotic control. Trends Cell Biol 13: 221-228.
187. O'Connell, M. J., Meluh, P. B., Rose, M. D. and Morris, N. R. 1993. Suppression of the bimC4 mitotic spindle defect by deletion of klpA, a gene encoding a KAR3-related kinesin-like protein in Aspergillus nidulans. J Cell Biol 120: 153-162.
188. Ohi, R., Burbank, K., Liu, Q. and Mitchison, T. J. 2007. Nonredundant functions of Kinesin-13s during meiotic spindle assembly. Curr Biol 17: 953-959.
189. Oshimori, N., Ohsugi, M. and Yamamoto, T. 2006. The Plk1 target Kizuna stabilizes mitotic centrosomes to ensure spindle bipolarity. Nat Cell Biol 8: 1095-1101.
190. Ouchi, M., et al. 2004. BRCA1 phosphorylation by Aurora-A in the regulation of G2 to M transition. J Biol Chem 279: 19643-19648.
191. Pickett-Heaps, J., McIntosh, J. R. and Porter, K. R. 1982. Rethinking mitosis. Cell 29: 729-744.
192. Pickett-Heaps, J. D. 1986. Mitotic mechanisms: an alternative view. Trends Biochem Sci 11: 504-507.
193. Popov, A. V., Severin, F. and Karsenti, E. 2002. XMAP215 is required for the microtubulenucleating activity of centrosomes. Curr Biol 12: 1326-1330.
194. Putkey, F. R., Cramer, T., Morphew, M. K., Silk, A. D., Johnson, R. S., McIntosh, J. R. and Cleveland, D. W. 2002. Unstable kinetochore-microtubule capture and chromosomal instability following deletion of CENP-E. Dev Cell 3: 351-365.
195. Qi, H., et al. 2004. Megator, an essential coiled-coil protein that localizes to the putative spindle matrix during mitosis in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 15: 4854-4865.
196. Rath, U., Wang, D., Ding, Y., Xu, Y. Z., Qi, H., Blacketer, M. J., Girton, J., Johansen, J. and Johansen, K. M. 2004. Chromator, a novel and
197. Rebollo, E., Llamazares, S., Reina, J. and Gonzalez, C. 2004. Contribution of noncentrosomal microtubules to spindle assembly in Drosophila spermatocytes. PLoS Biol 2: E8.
198. Ribbeck, K., et al. 2006. NuSAP, a mitotic RanGTP target that stabilizes and cross-links microtubules. Mol Biol Cell 17: 2646-2660.
199. Ribbeck, K., Raemaekers, T., Carmeliet, G. and Mattaj, I. W. 2007. A role for NuSAP in linking microtubules to mitotic chromosomes. Curr Biol 17: 230-236.
200. Rogers, G. C., Rogers, S. L., Schwimmer, T. A., Ems-McClung, S. C., Walczak, C. E., Vale, R. D., Scholey, J. M. and Sharp, D. J. 2004. Two mitotic kinesins cooperate to drive sister chromatid separation during anaphase. Nature 427: 364-370.
201. Rogers, G. C., Rogers, S. L. and Sharp, D. J. 2005. Spindle microtubules in flux. J Cell Sci 118: 1105-1116.
202. Rusan, N. M., Fagerstrom, C. J., Yvon, A. M. and Wadsworth, P. 2001. Cell cycle-dependent changes in microtubule dynamics in living cells expressing green fluorescent protein-alpha tubulin. Mol Biol Cell 12: 971-980.
203. Samejima, K., et al. 2008. A promoter-hijack strategy for conditional shutdown of multiply spliced essential cell cycle genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 2457-2462.
204. Sampath, S. C., Ohi, R., Leismann, O., Salic, A., Pozniakovski, A. and Funabiki, H. 2004.
205. The chromosomal passenger complex is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle assembly. Cell 118: 187-202.
206. Sauer, G., Korner, R., Hanisch, A., Ries, A., Nigg, E. A. and Sillje, H. H. 2005. Proteome analysis of the human mitotic spindle. Mol Cell Proteomics 4: 35-43.
207. Saunders, A. M., Powers, J., Strome, S. and Saxton, W. M. 2007. Kinesin-5 acts as a brake in anaphase spindle elongation. Curr Biol 17: R453-R454.
208. Saunders, W., Hornack, D., Lengyel, V. and Deng, C. 1997. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-related motor Kar3p acts at preanaphase spindle poles to limit the number and length of cytoplasmic microtubules. J Cell Biol 137: 417-431.
209. Savoian, M. S., Gatt, M. K., Riparbelli, M. G., Callaini, G. and Glover, D. M. 2004.
210. Drosophila Klp67A is required for proper chromosome congression and segregation during meiosis I. J Cell Sci 117: 3669-3677.
211. Savoian, M. S., Goldberg, M. L. and Rieder, C. L. 2000. The rate of poleward chromosome motion is attenuated in Drosophila zw10 and rod mutants. Nat Cell Biol 2: 948-952.
212. Sawin, K. E., LeGuellec, K., Philippe, M. and Mitchison, T. J. 1992. Mitotic spindle organization by a plus-end directed microtubule motor. Nature 359: 540-543.
213. Saxton, W. M., Stemple, D. L., Leslie, R. J., Salmon, E. D., Zavortink, M. and McIntosh, J. R. 1984. Tubulin dynamics in cultured mammalian cells. J Cell Biol. 99: 2175-2186.
214. Scaerou, F., Starr, D. A., Piano, F., Papoulas, O., Karess, R. E. and Goldberg, M. L. 2001.
215. The ZW10 and Rough Deal checkpoint proteins function together in a large, evolutionarily conserved complex targeted to the kinetochore. J Cell Sci 114: 3103-3114.
216. Schaar, B. T., Chan, G. K. T., Maddox, P., Salmon, E. D. and Yen, T. J. 1997. CENP-E function at kinetochores is essential for chromosome alignment. J Cell Biol. 139: 1373-1382.
217. Schatz, C. A., Santarella, R., Hoenger, A., Karsenti, E., Mattaj, I. W., Gruss, O. J. and Carazo-Salas, R. E. 2003. Importin alpha-regulated nucleation of microtubules by TPX2. Embo J 22: 2060-2070.
218. Schek, H. T., 3rd, Gardner, M. K., Cheng, J., Odde, D. J. and Hunt, A. J. 2007. Microtubule assembly dynamics at the nanoscale. Curr Biol 17: 1445-1455.
219. Schlaitz, A. L., et al. 2007. The C. elegans RSA complex localizes protein phosphatase 2A to centrosomes and regulates mitotic spindle assembly. Cell 128: 115-127.
220. Scholey, J. M., Rogers, G. C. and Sharp, D. J. 2001. Mitosis, microtubules, and the matrix. J Cell Biol 154: 261-266.
221. Severin, F., Habermann, B., Huffaker, T. and Hyman, T. 2001. Stu2 promotes mitotic spindle elongation in anaphase. J Cell Biol 153: 435-442.
222. Sharp, D. J., Brown, H. M., Kwon, M., Rogers, G. C., Holland, G. and Scholey, J. M. 2000.
223. Functional coordination of three mitotic motors in drosophila embryos. Mol Biol Cell 11: 241-253.
224. Sharp, D. J., McDonald, K. L., Brown, H. M., Matthies, H. J., Walczak, C., Vale, R. D., Mitchison, T. J. and Scholey, J. M. 1999. The bipolar kinesin, KLP61F, cross-links microtubules within interpolar microtubule bundles of Drosophila embryonic mitotic spindles. J Cell Biol 144: 125-138.
225. Sharp, D. J., Rogers, G. C. and Scholey, J. M. 2000. Cytoplasmic dynein is required for poleward chromosome movement during mitosis in Drosophila embryos. Nat Cell Biol 2: 922-930.
226. Sharp, D. J., Rogers, G. C. and Scholey, J. M. 2000. Microtubule motors in mitosis. Nature 407: 41-47.
227. Shaw, S. L., Yeh, E., Maddox, P., Salmon, E. D. and Bloom, K. 1997. Astral microtubule dynamics in yeast: a microtubule-based searching mechanism for spindle orientation and nuclear migration into the bud. J Cell Biol 139: 985-994.
228. Shirasu-Hiza, M., Perlman, Z. E., Wittmann, T., Karsenti, E. and Mitchison, T. J. 2004. Eg5 causes elongation of meiotic spindles when flux-associated microtubule depolymerization is blocked. Curr Biol 14: 1941-1945.
229. Sillje, H. H., Nagel, S., Korner, R. and Nigg, E. A. 2006. HURP is a Ran-importin betaregulated protein that stabilizes kinetochore microtubules in the vicinity of chromosomes. Curr Biol 16: 731-742.
230. Skop, A. R., Liu, H., Yates, J., 3rd, Meyer, B. J. and Heald, R. 2004. Dissection of the mammalian midbody proteome reveals conserved cytokinesis mechanisms. Science 305: 61-66.
231. Slep, K. C. and Vale, R. D. 2007. Structural basis of microtubule plus end tracking by XMAP215, CLIP-170, and EB1. Mol Cell 27: 976-991.
232. Sonnichsen, B., et al. 2005. Full-genome RNAi profiling of early embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 434: 462-469.
233. Sproul, L. R., Anderson, D. J., Mackey, A. T., Saunders, W. S. and Gilbert, S. P. 2005. Cik1 targets the minus-end kinesin depolymerase kar3 to microtubule plus ends. Curr Biol 15: 1420-1427.
234. Srayko, M., Kaya, A., Stamford, J. and Hyman, A. A. 2005. Identification and characterization of factors required for microtubule growth and nucleation in the early C. elegans embryo. Dev Cell 9: 223-236.
235. Srayko, M., Quintin, S., Schwager, A. and Hyman, A. A. 2003. Caenorhabditis elegans TAC-1 and ZYG-9 form a complex that is essential for long astral and spindle microtubules. Curr Biol 13: 1506-1511.
236. Stehman, S. A., Chen, Y., McKenney, R. J. and Vallee, R. B. 2007. NudE and NudEL are required for mitotic progression and are involved in dynein recruitment to kinetochores. J Cell Biol.
237. Storchova, Z., Breneman, A., Cande, J., Dunn, J., Burbank, K., O'Toole, E. and Pellman, D. 2006. Genome-wide genetic analysis of polyploidy in yeast. Nature 443: 541-547.
238. Stout, J. R., Rizk, R. S., Kline, S. L. and Walczak, C. E. 2006. Deciphering protein function during mitosis in PtK cells using RNAi. BMC Cell Biol 7: 26.
239. Straight, A. F., Sedat, J. W. and Murray, A. W. 1998. Time-lapse microscopy reveals unique roles for kinesins during anaphase in budding yeast. J Cell Biol 143: 687-694.
240. Stumpff, J., von Dassow, G., Wagenbach, M., Asbury, C. and Wordeman, L. 2008. The kinesin-8 motor Kif18A suppresses kinetochore movements to control mitotic chromosome alignment. Dev Cell 14: 252-262.
241. Tao, L., Mogilner, A., Civelekoglu-Scholey, G., Wollman, R., Evans, J., Stahlberg, H. and Scholey, J. M. 2006. A homotetrameric kinesin-5, KLP61F, bundles microtubules and antagonizes Ncd in motility assays. Curr Biol 16: 2293-2302.
242. Theurkauf, W. E. 2001. TACCing down the spindle poles. Nat Cell Biol 3: E159-E161.
243. Tokai-Nishizumi, N., Ohsugi, M., Suzuki, E. and Yamamoto, T. 2005. The chromokinesin Kid is required for maintenance of proper metaphase spindle size. Mol Biol Cell 16: 5455-5463.
244. Tournebize, R., et al. 2000. Control of microtubule dynamics by the antagonistic activities of XMAP215 and XKCM1 in Xenopus egg extracts. Nat Cell Biol 2: 13-19.
245. Trieselmann, N., Armstrong, S., Rauw, J. and Wilde, A. 2003. Ran modulates spindle assembly by regulating a subset of TPX2 and Kid activities including Aurora A activation. J Cell Sci 116: 4791-4798.
246. Tsai, M. Y., Wang, S., Heidinger, J. M., Shumaker, D. K., Adam, S. A., Goldman, R. D. and Zheng, Y. 2006. A mitotic lamin B matrix induced by RanGTP required for spindle assembly. Science 311: 1887-1893.
247. Tsai, M. Y., Wiese, C., Cao, K., Martin, O., Donovan, P., Ruderman, J., Prigent, C. and Zheng, Y. 2003. A Ran signalling pathway mediated by the mitotic kinase Aurora A in spindle assembly. Nat Cell Biol 5: 242-248.
248. Tsou, M. F. and Stearns, T. 2006. Controlling centrosome number: licenses and blocks. Curr Opin Cell Biol 18: 74-78.
249. Tulu, U. S., Fagerstrom,C., Ferenz, N. P. andWadsworth, P. 2006.Molecular requirements for kinetochore-associated microtubule formation in mammalian cells. Curr Biol 16: 536-541.
250. Tytell, J. D. and Sorger, P. K. 2006. Analysis of kinesin motor function at budding yeast kinetochores. J Cell Biol 172: 861-874.
251. Ubersax, J. A., Woodbury, E. L., Quang, P. N., Paraz, M., Blethrow, J. D., Shah, K., Shokat, K. M. and Morgan, D. O. 2003. Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. Nature 425: 859-864.
252. Uchiyama, S., et al. 2005. Proteome analysis of human metaphase chromosomes. J Biol Chem 280: 16994-17004.
253. Usui, T., Maekawa, H., Pereira, G. and Schiebel, E. 2003. The XMAP215 homologue Stu2 at yeast spindle pole bodies regulates microtubule dynamics and anchorage. Embo J 22: 4779-4793.
254. Vaisberg, E. A., Koonce, M. P. and McIntosh, J. R. 1993. Cytoplasmic dynein plays a role in mammalian mitotic spindle formation. J Cell Biol 123: 849-858.
255. van Breugel, M., Drechsel, D. and Hyman, A. 2003. Stu2p, the budding yeast member of the conserved Dis1/XMAP215 family of microtubule-associated proteins is a plus end-binding microtubule destabilizer. J Cell Biol 161: 359-369.
256. van de Weerdt, B. C. and Medema, R. H. 2006. Polo-like kinases: a team in control of the division. Cell Cycle 5: 853-864.
257. Varga, V., Helenius, J., Tanaka, K., Hyman, A. A., Tanaka, T. U. and Howard, J. 2006. Yeast kinesin-8 depolymerizes microtubules in a length-dependent manner. Nat Cell Biol 8: 957-962.
258. Verde, F., Berrez, J.-M., Antony, C. and Karsenti, E. 1991. Taxol-induced microtubule asters in mitotic extracts of Xenopus eggs: requirement for phosphorylated factors and cytoplasmic dynein. J Cell Biol 112: 1177-1188.
259. Vernos, I., Raats, J., Hirano, T., Heasman, J., Karsenti, E. and Wylie, C. 1995. Xklp1, a chromosomal Xenopus kinesin-like protein essential for spindle organization and chromosome positioning. Cell 81: 117-127.
260. Walczak, C. E. and Mitchison, T. J. 1996. Kinesin-related proteins at mitotic spindle poles: function and regulation. Cell 85: 943-946.
261. Walczak, C. E., Mitchison, T. J. and Desai, A. 1996. XKCM1: a Xenopus kinesin-related protein that regulates microtubule dynamics during mitotic spindle assembly. Cell 84: 37-47.
262. Walczak, C. E., Verma, S. and Mitchison, T. J. 1997. XCTK2: A Kinesin-related protein that promotes mitotic spindle assembly in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. J Cell Biol. 136: 859-870.
263. Walczak, C. E., Vernos, I., Mitchison, T. J., Karsenti, E. and Heald, R. 1998. A model for the proposed roles of different microtubule-based motor proteins in establishing spindle bipolarity. Curr Biol 8: 903-913.
264. Walker, D. L., Wang, D., Jin, Y., Rath, U., Wang, Y., Johansen, J. and Johansen, K. M. 2000.
265. Skeletor, a novel chromosomal protein that redistributes during mitosis provides evidence for the formation of a spindle matrix. J Cell Biol 151: 1401-1412.
266. Walker, R. A., O'Brien, E. T., Pryer, N. K., Soboeiro, M. F., Voter, W. A., Erickson, H. P. and Salmon, E. D. 1988. Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analyzed by video light microscopy: rate constants and transition frequencies. J Cell Biol 107: 1437-1448.
267. West, R. R., Malmstrom, T. and McIntosh, J. R. 2002. Kinesins klp5+and klp6+are required for normal chromosome movement in mitosis. J Cell Sci 115: 931-940.
268. West, R. R., Malmstrom, T., Troxell, C. L. and McIntosh, J. R. 2001. Two related kinesins, klp5+ and klp6+, foster microtubule disassembly and are required for meiosis in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 12: 3919-3932.
269. Wickstead, B. and Gull, K. 2007. Dyneins across eukaryotes: a comparative genomic analysis. Traffic 8: 1708-1721.
270. Wiese, C., Wilde, A., Moore, M. S., Adam, S. A., Merdes, A. and Zheng, Y. 2001. Role of importin-beta in coupling Ran to downstream targets in microtubule assembly. Science 291: 653-656.
271. Wilde, A., Lizarraga, S. B., Zhang, L., Wiese, C., Gliksman, N. R., Walczak, C. E. and Zheng, Y. 2001. Ran stimulates spindle assembly by altering microtubule dynamics and the balance of motor activities. Nat Cell Biol 3: 221-227.
272. Wilson, P. G., Heck, M. and Fuller, M. T. 1992. Monastral spindles are generated by mutations in urchin, a bimC homolog in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 3: 343a.
273. Wittmann, T., Wilm, M., Karsenti, E. and Vernos, I. 2000. TPX2, A novel xenopus MAP involved in spindle pole organization. J Cell Biol 149: 1405-1418.
274. Wolyniak, M. J., Blake-Hodek, K., Kosco, K., Hwang, E., You, L. and Huffaker, T. C. 2006.
275. The regulation of microtubule dynamics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by three interacting plus-end tracking proteins. Mol Biol Cell 17: 2789-2798.
276. Wong, J. and Fang, G. 2006. HURP controls spindle dynamics to promote proper interkinetochore tension and efficient kinetochore capture. J Cell Biol 173: 879-891.
277. Wood, K. W., Sakowicz, R., Goldstein, L. S. B. and Cleveland, D. W. 1997. CENP-E is a plus end-directed kinetochore motor required for metaphase chromosome alignment. Cell 91: 357-366.
278. Yan, X., Li, F., Liang, Y., Shen, Y., Zhao, X., Huang, Q. and Zhu, X. 2003. Human Nudel and NudE as regulators of cytoplasmic dynein in poleward protein transport along the mitotic spindle. Mol Cell Biol 23: 1239-1250.
279. Yang, Z., Tulu, U. S., Wadsworth, P. and Rieder, C. L. 2007. Kinetochore dynein is required for chromosome motion and congression independent of the spindle checkpoint. Curr Biol 17: 973-980.
280. Yao, X., Anderson, K. L. and Cleveland, D. W. 1997. The microtubule-dependent motor centromere-associated protein E (CENP-E) is an integral component of kinetochore corona fibers that link centromeres to spindle microtubules. J Cell Biol139: 435-447.
281. Yeh, E., Yang, C., Chin, E., Maddox, P., Salmon, E. D., Lew, D. J. and Bloom, K. 2000.
282. Dynamic positioning of mitotic spindles in yeast: role of microtubule motors and cortical determinants. Mol Biol Cell 11: 3949-3961.
283. Yen, T. J., Li, G., Schaar, B. T., Szilak, I. and Cleveland, D. W. 1992. CENP-E is a putative kinetochore motor that accumulates just before mitosis. Nature 359: 536-539.
284. Yu, C. T., Hsu, J. M., Lee, Y. C., Tsou, A. P., Chou, C. K. and Huang, C. Y. 2005.
285. Phosphorylation and stabilization of HURP by Aurora-A: implication of HURP as a transforming target of Aurora-A. Mol Cell Biol 25: 5789-5800.
286. Zhai, Y., Kronebusch, P. J., Simon, P. M. and Borisy, G. G. 1996. Microtubule dynamics at the G2/M transition: Abrupt breakdown of cytoplasmic microtubules at nuclear envelope breakdown and implications for spindle morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 135: 201-214.
287. Zhang, D., Rogers, G. C., Buster, D. W. and Sharp, D. J. 2007. Three microtubule severing enzymes contribute to the Pacman-flux machinery that moves chromosomes. J Cell Biol 177: 231-242.
288. Zhang, X., Lan, W., Ems-McClung, S. C., Stukenberg, P. T. and Walczak, C. E. 2007. Aurora B Phosphorylates Multiple Sites on Mitotic Centromere- associated Kinesin to Spatially and Temporally Regulate Its Function. Mol Biol Cell 18: 3264-3276.
289. Zheng, Y. and Tsai, M. Y. 2006. The mitotic spindle matrix: a fibro-membranous lamin connection. Cell Cycle 5: 2345-2347.
290. Zheng, Y., Wong, M. L., Alberts, B. and Mitchison, T. 1995. Nucleation of microtubule assembly by a gamma-tubulin-containing ring complex. Nature 378: 578-583.
291. Zhu, C., Zhao, J., Bibikova, M., Leverson, J. D., Bossy-Wetzel, E., Fan, J. B., Abraham, R. T. and Jiang, W. 2005. Functional analysis of human microtubule-based motor proteins, the kinesins and dyneins, in mitosis/cytokinesis using RNA interference. Mol Biol Cell 16: 3187-3199.