메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 114, Issue , 2013, Pages 109-146

Melanocortin-3 receptors and metabolic homeostasis

Author keywords

Circadian Rhythm; Diabetes; Food intake; Insulin resistance; Keywords; Melanocortin; Metabolism; Obesity; Proopiomelanocortin

Indexed keywords


EID: 84872377428     PISSN: 18771173     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-386933-3.00004-2     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (32)

References (218)
  • 1
    • 0037048669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000
    • K.M. Flegal, M.D. Carroll, C.L. Ogden, and C.L. Johnson Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000 JAMA 288 14 2002 1723 1727
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , Issue.14 , pp. 1723-1727
    • Flegal, K.M.1    Carroll, M.D.2    Ogden, C.L.3    Johnson, C.L.4
  • 2
    • 31044444463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight
    • M. Rosenbaum, R. Goldsmith, D. Bloomfield, A. Magnano, L. Weimer, and S. Heymsfield Low-dose leptin reverses skeletal muscle, autonomic, and neuroendocrine adaptations to maintenance of reduced weight J Clin Invest 115 12 2005 3579 3586
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , Issue.12 , pp. 3579-3586
    • Rosenbaum, M.1    Goldsmith, R.2    Bloomfield, D.3    Magnano, A.4    Weimer, L.5    Heymsfield, S.6
  • 3
    • 0028959193 scopus 로고
    • Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight
    • R.L. Leibel, M. Rosenbaum, and J. Hirsch Changes in energy expenditure resulting from altered body weight N Engl J Med 332 10 1995 621 628
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.332 , Issue.10 , pp. 621-628
    • Leibel, R.L.1    Rosenbaum, M.2    Hirsch, J.3
  • 6
    • 17844401704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system
    • R.D. Cone Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system Nat Neurosci 8 5 2005 571 578
    • (2005) Nat Neurosci , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 571-578
    • Cone, R.D.1
  • 7
    • 58749086043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The geometry of leptin action in the brain: More complicated than a simple ARC
    • M.G. Myers Jr., H. Munzberg, G.M. Leinninger, and R.L. Leshan The geometry of leptin action in the brain: more complicated than a simple ARC Cell Metab 9 2 2009 117 123
    • (2009) Cell Metab , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-123
    • Myers, Jr.M.G.1    Munzberg, H.2    Leinninger, G.M.3    Leshan, R.L.4
  • 9
    • 0034611678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis
    • B.B. Lowell, and B.M. Spiegelman Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis Nature 404 6778 2000 652 660
    • (2000) Nature , vol.404 , Issue.6778 , pp. 652-660
    • Lowell, B.B.1    Spiegelman, B.M.2
  • 11
    • 77449101244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A recurring problem with the analysis of energy expenditure in genetic models expressing lean and obese phenotypes
    • A.A. Butler, and L.P. Kozak A recurring problem with the analysis of energy expenditure in genetic models expressing lean and obese phenotypes Diabetes 59 2 2010 323 329
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 323-329
    • Butler, A.A.1    Kozak, L.P.2
  • 12
    • 79960480409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The implication of brown adipose tissue for humans
    • E. Ravussin, and J.E. Galgani The implication of brown adipose tissue for humans Annu Rev Nutr 31 2011 33 47
    • (2011) Annu Rev Nutr , vol.31 , pp. 33-47
    • Ravussin, E.1    Galgani, J.E.2
  • 13
    • 77950264120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brown fat and the myth of diet-induced thermogenesis
    • L.P. Kozak Brown fat and the myth of diet-induced thermogenesis Cell Metab 11 4 2010 263 267
    • (2010) Cell Metab , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-267
    • Kozak, L.P.1
  • 14
    • 78651313711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonshivering thermogenesis and its adequate measurement in metabolic studies
    • B. Cannon, and J. Nedergaard Nonshivering thermogenesis and its adequate measurement in metabolic studies J Exp Biol 214 Pt 2 2011 242 253
    • (2011) J Exp Biol , vol.214 , Issue.PART 2 , pp. 242-253
    • Cannon, B.1    Nedergaard, J.2
  • 15
    • 79953166448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues and misconceptions about obesity
    • J.P. Flatt Issues and misconceptions about obesity Obesity (Silver Spring) 19 4 2011 676 686
    • (2011) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 676-686
    • Flatt, J.P.1
  • 16
    • 81455134369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Set points, settling points and some alternative models: Theoretical options to understand how genes and environments combine to regulate body adiposity
    • J.R. Speakman, D.A. Levitsky, D.B. Allison, M.S. Bray, J.M. de Castro, and D.J. Clegg Set points, settling points and some alternative models: theoretical options to understand how genes and environments combine to regulate body adiposity Dis Model Mech 4 6 2011 733 745
    • (2011) Dis Model Mech , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 733-745
    • Speakman, J.R.1    Levitsky, D.A.2    Allison, D.B.3    Bray, M.S.4    De Castro, J.M.5    Clegg, D.J.6
  • 18
    • 31944452253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rise, fall, and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight
    • B.M. King The rise, fall, and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight Physiol Behav 87 2 2006 221 244
    • (2006) Physiol Behav , vol.87 , Issue.2 , pp. 221-244
    • King, B.M.1
  • 19
    • 0031623306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MONA LISA hypothesis in the time of leptin
    • [discussion 117-8]
    • G.A. Bray, and D.A. York The MONA LISA hypothesis in the time of leptin Recent Prog Horm Res 53 1998 95 117 [discussion 117-8]
    • (1998) Recent Prog Horm Res , vol.53 , pp. 95-117
    • Bray, G.A.1    York, D.A.2
  • 20
    • 0037423247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A war on obesity, not the obese
    • J.M. Friedman A war on obesity, not the obese Science 299 5608 2003 856 858
    • (2003) Science , vol.299 , Issue.5608 , pp. 856-858
    • Friedman, J.M.1
  • 21
    • 70450193472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human genetics illuminates the paths to metabolic disease
    • S. O'Rahilly Human genetics illuminates the paths to metabolic disease Nature 462 7271 2009 307 314
    • (2009) Nature , vol.462 , Issue.7271 , pp. 307-314
    • O'Rahilly, S.1
  • 22
    • 77957819576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A historical perspective on leptin
    • D.L. Coleman A historical perspective on leptin Nat Med 16 10 2010 1097 1099
    • (2010) Nat Med , vol.16 , Issue.10 , pp. 1097-1099
    • Coleman, D.L.1
  • 23
    • 0028139089 scopus 로고
    • Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue
    • Y. Zhang, R. Proenca, M. Maffei, M. Barone, L. Leopold, and J.M. Friedman Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue Nature 372 6505 1994 425 432
    • (1994) Nature , vol.372 , Issue.6505 , pp. 425-432
    • Zhang, Y.1    Proenca, R.2    Maffei, M.3    Barone, M.4    Leopold, L.5    Friedman, J.M.6
  • 24
    • 2442654859 scopus 로고
    • Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R
    • L.A. Tartaglia, M. Dembski, X. Weng, N. Deng, J. Culpepper, and R. Devos Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R Cell 83 7 1995 1263 1271
    • (1995) Cell , vol.83 , Issue.7 , pp. 1263-1271
    • Tartaglia, L.A.1    Dembski, M.2    Weng, X.3    Deng, N.4    Culpepper, J.5    Devos, R.6
  • 25
    • 52449123919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in ligands and receptors of the leptin-melanocortin pathway that lead to obesity
    • I.S. Farooqi, and S. O'Rahilly Mutations in ligands and receptors of the leptin-melanocortin pathway that lead to obesity Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 4 10 2008 569 577
    • (2008) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab , vol.4 , Issue.10 , pp. 569-577
    • Farooqi, I.S.1    O'Rahilly, S.2
  • 26
    • 79957896666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sixteen years and counting: An update on leptin in energy balance
    • L. Gautron, and J.K. Elmquist Sixteen years and counting: an update on leptin in energy balance J Clin Invest 121 6 2011 2087 2093
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , Issue.6 , pp. 2087-2093
    • Gautron, L.1    Elmquist, J.K.2
  • 29
    • 77249146406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Segregation of acute leptin and insulin effects in distinct populations of arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons
    • K.W. Williams, L.O. Margatho, C.E. Lee, M. Choi, S. Lee, and M.M. Scott Segregation of acute leptin and insulin effects in distinct populations of arcuate proopiomelanocortin neurons J Neurosci 30 7 2010 2472 2479
    • (2010) J Neurosci , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 2472-2479
    • Williams, K.W.1    Margatho, L.O.2    Lee, C.E.3    Choi, M.4    Lee, S.5    Scott, M.M.6
  • 30
    • 0032900284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides
    • D.J. Marsh, G. Hollopeter, D. Huszar, R. Laufer, K.A. Yagaloff, and S.L. Fisher Response of melanocortin-4 receptor-deficient mice to anorectic and orexigenic peptides Nat Genet 21 1 1999 119 122
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-122
    • Marsh, D.J.1    Hollopeter, G.2    Huszar, D.3    Laufer, R.4    Yagaloff, K.A.5    Fisher, S.L.6
  • 31
    • 33746308184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The TRH neuron: A hypothalamic integrator of energy metabolism
    • R.M. Lechan, and C. Fekete The TRH neuron: a hypothalamic integrator of energy metabolism Prog Brain Res 153 2006 209 235
    • (2006) Prog Brain Res , vol.153 , pp. 209-235
    • Lechan, R.M.1    Fekete, C.2
  • 32
    • 81755171442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic dissection of the functions of the melanocortin-3 receptor, a seven-transmembrane g-protein coupled receptor, suggests roles for central and peripheral receptors in energy homeostasis
    • K. Begriche, P.R. Levasseur, J. Zhang, J. Rossi, D. Skorupa, and L.A. Solt Genetic dissection of the functions of the melanocortin-3 receptor, a seven-transmembrane g-protein coupled receptor, suggests roles for central and peripheral receptors in energy homeostasis J Biol Chem 286 47 2011 40771 40781
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , Issue.47 , pp. 40771-40781
    • Begriche, K.1    Levasseur, P.R.2    Zhang, J.3    Rossi, J.4    Skorupa, D.5    Solt, L.A.6
  • 33
    • 79960409704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homeostastic and non-homeostatic functions of melanocortin-3 receptors in the control of energy balance and metabolism
    • K. Begriche, G.M. Sutton, and A.A. Butler Homeostastic and non-homeostatic functions of melanocortin-3 receptors in the control of energy balance and metabolism Physiol Behav 104 4 2011 546 554
    • (2011) Physiol Behav , vol.104 , Issue.4 , pp. 546-554
    • Begriche, K.1    Sutton, G.M.2    Butler, A.A.3
  • 34
    • 58149379032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The melanocortin-3 receptor is required for entrainment to meal intake
    • G.M. Sutton, D. Perez-Tilve, R. Nogueiras, J. Fang, J.K. Kim, and R.D. Cone The melanocortin-3 receptor is required for entrainment to meal intake J Neurosci 28 48 2008 12946 12955
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , Issue.48 , pp. 12946-12955
    • Sutton, G.M.1    Perez-Tilve, D.2    Nogueiras, R.3    Fang, J.4    Kim, J.K.5    Cone, R.D.6
  • 36
    • 61449095573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin at 14 y of age: An ongoing story
    • J.M. Friedman Leptin at 14 y of age: an ongoing story Am J Clin Nutr 89 3 2009 973S 979S
    • (2009) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.89 , Issue.3
    • Friedman, J.M.1
  • 37
    • 11144357287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site and mechanism of leptin action in a rodent form of congenital lipodystrophy
    • E. Asilmaz, P. Cohen, M. Miyazaki, P. Dobrzyn, K. Ueki, and G. Fayzikhodjaeva Site and mechanism of leptin action in a rodent form of congenital lipodystrophy J Clin Invest 113 3 2004 414 424
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.113 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-424
    • Asilmaz, E.1    Cohen, P.2    Miyazaki, M.3    Dobrzyn, P.4    Ueki, K.5    Fayzikhodjaeva, G.6
  • 38
    • 0034776770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective deletion of leptin receptor in neurons leads to obesity
    • P. Cohen, C. Zhao, X. Cai, J.M. Montez, S.C. Rohani, and P. Feinstein Selective deletion of leptin receptor in neurons leads to obesity J Clin Invest 108 8 2001 1113 1121
    • (2001) J Clin Invest , vol.108 , Issue.8 , pp. 1113-1121
    • Cohen, P.1    Zhao, C.2    Cai, X.3    Montez, J.M.4    Rohani, S.C.5    Feinstein, P.6
  • 39
    • 79960190012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin action on GABAergic neurons prevents obesity and reduces inhibitory tone to POMC neurons
    • L. Vong, C. Ye, Z. Yang, B. Choi, S. Chua Jr., and B.B. Lowell Leptin action on GABAergic neurons prevents obesity and reduces inhibitory tone to POMC neurons Neuron 71 1 2011 142 154
    • (2011) Neuron , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 142-154
    • Vong, L.1    Ye, C.2    Yang, Z.3    Choi, B.4    Chua, Jr.S.5    Lowell, B.B.6
  • 40
    • 34547126211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of peripheral leptin signaling in mice results in hyperleptinemia without associated metabolic abnormalities
    • K. Guo, J.E. McMinn, T. Ludwig, Y.H. Yu, G. Yang, and L. Chen Disruption of peripheral leptin signaling in mice results in hyperleptinemia without associated metabolic abnormalities Endocrinology 148 8 2007 3987 3997
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , Issue.8 , pp. 3987-3997
    • Guo, K.1    McMinn, J.E.2    Ludwig, T.3    Yu, Y.H.4    Yang, G.5    Chen, L.6
  • 41
    • 31044451078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complete rescue of obesity, diabetes, and infertility in db/db mice by neuron-specific LEPR-B transgenes
    • C. de Luca, T.J. Kowalski, Y. Zhang, J.K. Elmquist, C. Lee, and M.W. Kilimann Complete rescue of obesity, diabetes, and infertility in db/db mice by neuron-specific LEPR-B transgenes J Clin Invest 115 12 2005 3484 3493
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , Issue.12 , pp. 3484-3493
    • De Luca, C.1    Kowalski, T.J.2    Zhang, Y.3    Elmquist, J.K.4    Lee, C.5    Kilimann, M.W.6
  • 44
    • 46749099010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin reverses weight loss-induced changes in regional neural activity responses to visual food stimuli
    • M. Rosenbaum, M. Sy, K. Pavlovich, R.L. Leibel, and J. Hirsch Leptin reverses weight loss-induced changes in regional neural activity responses to visual food stimuli J Clin Invest 118 7 2008 2583 2591
    • (2008) J Clin Invest , vol.118 , Issue.7 , pp. 2583-2591
    • Rosenbaum, M.1    Sy, M.2    Pavlovich, K.3    Leibel, R.L.4    Hirsch, J.5
  • 45
    • 0036093071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low dose leptin administration reverses effects of sustained weight-reduction on energy expenditure and circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones
    • M. Rosenbaum, E.M. Murphy, S.B. Heymsfield, D.E. Matthews, and R.L. Leibel Low dose leptin administration reverses effects of sustained weight-reduction on energy expenditure and circulating concentrations of thyroid hormones J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87 5 2002 2391 2394
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 2391-2394
    • Rosenbaum, M.1    Murphy, E.M.2    Heymsfield, S.B.3    Matthews, D.E.4    Leibel, R.L.5
  • 46
    • 76149128662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin replacement prevents weight loss-induced metabolic adaptation in congenital leptin-deficient patients
    • J.E. Galgani, F.L. Greenway, S. Caglayan, M.L. Wong, J. Licinio, and E. Ravussin Leptin replacement prevents weight loss-induced metabolic adaptation in congenital leptin-deficient patients J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95 2 2010 851 855
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 851-855
    • Galgani, J.E.1    Greenway, F.L.2    Caglayan, S.3    Wong, M.L.4    Licinio, J.5    Ravussin, E.6
  • 47
    • 33847319765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet-induced obesity causes severe but reversible leptin resistance in arcuate melanocortin neurons
    • P.J. Enriori, A.E. Evans, P. Sinnayah, E.E. Jobst, L. Tonelli-Lemos, and S.K. Billes Diet-induced obesity causes severe but reversible leptin resistance in arcuate melanocortin neurons Cell Metab 5 3 2007 181 194
    • (2007) Cell Metab , vol.5 , Issue.3 , pp. 181-194
    • Enriori, P.J.1    Evans, A.E.2    Sinnayah, P.3    Jobst, E.E.4    Tonelli-Lemos, L.5    Billes, S.K.6
  • 48
    • 77955326815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperleptinemia is required for the development of leptin resistance
    • Z.A. Knight, K.S. Hannan, M.L. Greenberg, and J.M. Friedman Hyperleptinemia is required for the development of leptin resistance PLoS One 5 6 2010 e11376
    • (2010) PLoS One , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 11376
    • Knight, Z.A.1    Hannan, K.S.2    Greenberg, M.L.3    Friedman, J.M.4
  • 49
    • 37549003312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counterintuitive effects of double-heterozygous null melanocortin-4 receptor and leptin genes on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice
    • J.L. Trevaskis, E.A. Meyer, J.E. Galgani, and A.A. Butler Counterintuitive effects of double-heterozygous null melanocortin-4 receptor and leptin genes on diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in C57BL/6J mice Endocrinology 149 1 2008 174 184
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , Issue.1 , pp. 174-184
    • Trevaskis, J.L.1    Meyer, E.A.2    Galgani, J.E.3    Butler, A.A.4
  • 50
    • 0028037369 scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms of dominant negative activity by nuclear hormone receptors
    • P.M. Yen, and W.W. Chin Molecular mechanisms of dominant negative activity by nuclear hormone receptors Mol Endocrinol 8 11 1994 1450 1454
    • (1994) Mol Endocrinol , vol.8 , Issue.11 , pp. 1450-1454
    • Yen, P.M.1    Chin, W.W.2
  • 51
    • 0027256438 scopus 로고
    • Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation
    • M.W. Miller, D.M. Duhl, H. Vrieling, S.P. Cordes, M.M. Ollmann, and B.M. Winkes Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the lethal yellow mutation Genes Dev 7 3 1993 454 467
    • (1993) Genes Dev , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 454-467
    • Miller, M.W.1    Duhl, D.M.2    Vrieling, H.3    Cordes, S.P.4    Ollmann, M.M.5    Winkes, B.M.6
  • 52
    • 0027049534 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus
    • S.J. Bultman, E.J. Michaud, and R.P. Woychik Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus Cell 71 7 1992 1195 1204
    • (1992) Cell , vol.71 , Issue.7 , pp. 1195-1204
    • Bultman, S.J.1    Michaud, E.J.2    Woychik, R.P.3
  • 53
    • 0028112970 scopus 로고
    • Agouti protein is an antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating-hormone receptor
    • D. Lu, D. Willard, I.R. Patel, S. Kadwell, L. Overton, and T. Kost Agouti protein is an antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating-hormone receptor Nature 371 6500 1994 799 802
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , Issue.6500 , pp. 799-802
    • Lu, D.1    Willard, D.2    Patel, I.R.3    Kadwell, S.4    Overton, L.5    Kost, T.6
  • 54
    • 0030614331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome
    • W. Fan, B.A. Boston, R.A. Kesterson, V.J. Hruby, and R.D. Cone Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome Nature 385 6612 1997 165 168
    • (1997) Nature , vol.385 , Issue.6612 , pp. 165-168
    • Fan, W.1    Boston, B.A.2    Kesterson, R.A.3    Hruby, V.J.4    Cone, R.D.5
  • 55
    • 0028134706 scopus 로고
    • Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain
    • K.G. Mountjoy, M.T. Mortrud, M.J. Low, R.B. Simerly, and R.D. Cone Localization of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) in neuroendocrine and autonomic control circuits in the brain Mol Endocrinol 8 10 1994 1298 1308
    • (1994) Mol Endocrinol , vol.8 , Issue.10 , pp. 1298-1308
    • Mountjoy, K.G.1    Mortrud, M.T.2    Low, M.J.3    Simerly, R.B.4    Cone, R.D.5
  • 57
    • 0031662163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frameshift mutation in human MC4R is associated with a dominant form of obesity
    • C. Vaisse, K. Clement, B. Guy-Grand, and P. Froguel A frameshift mutation in human MC4R is associated with a dominant form of obesity Nat Genet 20 2 1998 113 114
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 113-114
    • Vaisse, C.1    Clement, K.2    Guy-Grand, B.3    Froguel, P.4
  • 58
    • 0031668219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity
    • G.S. Yeo, I.S. Farooqi, S. Aminian, D.J. Halsall, R.G. Stanhope, and S. O'Rahilly A frameshift mutation in MC4R associated with dominantly inherited human obesity Nat Genet 20 2 1998 111 112
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 111-112
    • Yeo, G.S.1    Farooqi, I.S.2    Aminian, S.3    Halsall, D.J.4    Stanhope, R.G.5    O'Rahilly, S.6
  • 59
    • 0037456768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene
    • I.S. Farooqi, J.M. Keogh, G.S. Yeo, E.J. Lank, T. Cheetham, and S. O'Rahilly Clinical spectrum of obesity and mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene N Engl J Med 348 12 2003 1085 1095
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , Issue.12 , pp. 1085-1095
    • Farooqi, I.S.1    Keogh, J.M.2    Yeo, G.S.3    Lank, E.J.4    Cheetham, T.5    O'Rahilly, S.6
  • 60
    • 0034981271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin-4 receptor is required for acute homeostatic responses to increased dietary fat
    • A.A. Butler, D.L. Marks, W. Fan, C.M. Kuhn, M. Bartolome, and R.D. Cone Melanocortin-4 receptor is required for acute homeostatic responses to increased dietary fat Nat Neurosci 4 6 2001 605 611
    • (2001) Nat Neurosci , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 605-611
    • Butler, A.A.1    Marks, D.L.2    Fan, W.3    Kuhn, C.M.4    Bartolome, M.5    Cone, R.D.6
  • 61
  • 62
    • 33645839593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet-genotype interactions in the development of the obese, insulin-resistant phenotype of C57BL/6J mice lacking melanocortin-3 or -4 receptors
    • G.M. Sutton, J.L. Trevaskis, M.W. Hulver, R.P. McMillan, N.J. Markward, and M.J. Babin Diet-genotype interactions in the development of the obese, insulin-resistant phenotype of C57BL/6J mice lacking melanocortin-3 or -4 receptors Endocrinology 147 5 2006 2183 2196
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , Issue.5 , pp. 2183-2196
    • Sutton, G.M.1    Trevaskis, J.L.2    Hulver, M.W.3    McMillan, R.P.4    Markward, N.J.5    Babin, M.J.6
  • 63
    • 31544465224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The melanocortin system and energy balance
    • A.A. Butler The melanocortin system and energy balance Peptides 27 2 2006 281 290
    • (2006) Peptides , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 281-290
    • Butler, A.A.1
  • 64
    • 1042275338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired coordination of nutrient intake and substrate oxidation in melanocortin-4 receptor knockout mice
    • D.C. Albarado, J. McClaine, J.M. Stephens, R.L. Mynatt, J. Ye, and A.W. Bannon Impaired coordination of nutrient intake and substrate oxidation in melanocortin-4 receptor knockout mice Endocrinology 145 1 2004 243 252
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , Issue.1 , pp. 243-252
    • Albarado, D.C.1    McClaine, J.2    Stephens, J.M.3    Mynatt, R.L.4    Ye, J.5    Bannon, A.W.6
  • 65
    • 79551555006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin-4 receptors expressed by cholinergic neurons regulate energy balance and glucose homeostasis
    • J. Rossi, N. Balthasar, D. Olson, M. Scott, E. Berglund, and C.E. Lee Melanocortin-4 receptors expressed by cholinergic neurons regulate energy balance and glucose homeostasis Cell Metab 13 2 2011 195 204
    • (2011) Cell Metab , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-204
    • Rossi, J.1    Balthasar, N.2    Olson, D.3    Scott, M.4    Berglund, E.5    Lee, C.E.6
  • 66
    • 35548942643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin 2C receptor agonists improve type 2 diabetes via melanocortin-4 receptor signaling pathways
    • L. Zhou, G.M. Sutton, J.J. Rochford, R.K. Semple, D.D. Lam, and L.J. Oksanen Serotonin 2C receptor agonists improve type 2 diabetes via melanocortin-4 receptor signaling pathways Cell Metab 6 5 2007 398 405
    • (2007) Cell Metab , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 398-405
    • Zhou, L.1    Sutton, G.M.2    Rochford, J.J.3    Semple, R.K.4    Lam, D.D.5    Oksanen, L.J.6
  • 69
    • 66049133685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leptin-dependent control of glucose balance and locomotor activity by POMC neurons
    • L. Huo, K. Gamber, S. Greeley, J. Silva, N. Huntoon, and X.H. Leng Leptin-dependent control of glucose balance and locomotor activity by POMC neurons Cell Metab 9 6 2009 537 547
    • (2009) Cell Metab , vol.9 , Issue.6 , pp. 537-547
    • Huo, L.1    Gamber, K.2    Greeley, S.3    Silva, J.4    Huntoon, N.5    Leng, X.H.6
  • 70
    • 27544450765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergence of melanocortin pathways in the control of food intake and energy expenditure
    • N. Balthasar, L.T. Dalgaard, C.E. Lee, J. Yu, H. Funahashi, and T. Williams Divergence of melanocortin pathways in the control of food intake and energy expenditure Cell 123 3 2005 493 505
    • (2005) Cell , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 493-505
    • Balthasar, N.1    Dalgaard, L.T.2    Lee, C.E.3    Yu, J.4    Funahashi, H.5    Williams, T.6
  • 71
    • 44949136337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presynaptic melanocortin-4 receptors on vagal afferent fibers modulate the excitability of rat nucleus tractus solitarius neurons
    • S. Wan, K.N. Browning, F.H. Coleman, G. Sutton, H. Zheng, and A. Butler Presynaptic melanocortin-4 receptors on vagal afferent fibers modulate the excitability of rat nucleus tractus solitarius neurons J Neurosci 28 19 2008 4957 4966
    • (2008) J Neurosci , vol.28 , Issue.19 , pp. 4957-4966
    • Wan, S.1    Browning, K.N.2    Coleman, F.H.3    Sutton, G.4    Zheng, H.5    Butler, A.6
  • 72
    • 1842560331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholecystokinin-mediated suppression of feeding involves the brainstem melanocortin system
    • W. Fan, K.L. Ellacott, I.G. Halatchev, K. Takahashi, P. Yu, and R.D. Cone Cholecystokinin-mediated suppression of feeding involves the brainstem melanocortin system Nat Neurosci 7 4 2004 335 336
    • (2004) Nat Neurosci , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-336
    • Fan, W.1    Ellacott, K.L.2    Halatchev, I.G.3    Takahashi, K.4    Yu, P.5    Cone, R.D.6
  • 73
    • 21044433027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain stem melanocortinergic modulation of meal size and identification of hypothalamic POMC projections
    • H. Zheng, L.M. Patterson, C.B. Phifer, and H.R. Berthoud Brain stem melanocortinergic modulation of meal size and identification of hypothalamic POMC projections Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 289 1 2005 R247 R258
    • (2005) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.289 , Issue.1
    • Zheng, H.1    Patterson, L.M.2    Phifer, C.B.3    Berthoud, H.R.4
  • 74
    • 23844542825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortinergic modulation of cholecystokinin-induced suppression of feeding through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in rat solitary nucleus
    • G.M. Sutton, B. Duos, L.M. Patterson, and H.R. Berthoud Melanocortinergic modulation of cholecystokinin-induced suppression of feeding through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in rat solitary nucleus Endocrinology 146 9 2005 3739 3747
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , Issue.9 , pp. 3739-3747
    • Sutton, G.M.1    Duos, B.2    Patterson, L.M.3    Berthoud, H.R.4
  • 75
    • 0034456725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the dorsal vagal complex and the vagus nerve in feeding effects of melanocortin-3/4 receptor stimulation
    • D.L. Williams, J.M. Kaplan, and H.J. Grill The role of the dorsal vagal complex and the vagus nerve in feeding effects of melanocortin-3/4 receptor stimulation Endocrinology 141 4 2000 1332 1337
    • (2000) Endocrinology , vol.141 , Issue.4 , pp. 1332-1337
    • Williams, D.L.1    Kaplan, J.M.2    Grill, H.J.3
  • 76
    • 0032400808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brainstem application of melanocortin receptor ligands produces long-lasting effects on feeding and body weight
    • H.J. Grill, A.B. Ginsberg, R.J. Seeley, and J.M. Kaplan Brainstem application of melanocortin receptor ligands produces long-lasting effects on feeding and body weight J Neurosci 18 23 1998 10128 10135
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.23 , pp. 10128-10135
    • Grill, H.J.1    Ginsberg, A.B.2    Seeley, R.J.3    Kaplan, J.M.4
  • 77
    • 0033200153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration of NPY, AGRP, and melanocortin signals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Evidence of a cellular basis for the adipostat
    • M.A. Cowley, N. Pronchuk, W. Fan, D.M. Dinulescu, W.F. Colmers, and R.D. Cone Integration of NPY, AGRP, and melanocortin signals in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: evidence of a cellular basis for the adipostat Neuron 24 1 1999 155 163
    • (1999) Neuron , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 155-163
    • Cowley, M.A.1    Pronchuk, N.2    Fan, W.3    Dinulescu, D.M.4    Colmers, W.F.5    Cone, R.D.6
  • 78
    • 79957896096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroanatomy of body weight control: Lessons learned from leptin
    • D.L. Williams, and M.W. Schwartz Neuroanatomy of body weight control: lessons learned from leptin J Clin Invest 121 6 2011 2152 2155
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , Issue.6 , pp. 2152-2155
    • Williams, D.L.1    Schwartz, M.W.2
  • 80
    • 79955936241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a high throughput screen for allosteric modulators of melanocortin-4 receptor signaling using a real time cAMP assay
    • J. Pantel, S.Y. Williams, D. Mi, J. Sebag, J.D. Corbin, and C.D. Weaver Development of a high throughput screen for allosteric modulators of melanocortin-4 receptor signaling using a real time cAMP assay Eur J Pharmacol 660 1 2011 139 147
    • (2011) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.660 , Issue.1 , pp. 139-147
    • Pantel, J.1    Williams, S.Y.2    Mi, D.3    Sebag, J.4    Corbin, J.D.5    Weaver, C.D.6
  • 81
    • 36248944181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An integrated approach to fragment-based lead generation: Philosophy, strategy and case studies from AstraZeneca's drug discovery programmes
    • J.S. Albert, N. Blomberg, A.L. Breeze, A.J. Brown, J.N. Burrows, and P.D. Edwards An integrated approach to fragment-based lead generation: philosophy, strategy and case studies from AstraZeneca's drug discovery programmes Curr Top Med Chem 7 16 2007 1600 1629
    • (2007) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.7 , Issue.16 , pp. 1600-1629
    • Albert, J.S.1    Blomberg, N.2    Breeze, A.L.3    Brown, A.J.4    Burrows, J.N.5    Edwards, P.D.6
  • 82
    • 34447272286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin-4 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity
    • P.J. Emmerson, M.J. Fisher, L.Z. Yan, and J.P. Mayer Melanocortin-4 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity Curr Top Med Chem 7 11 2007 1121 1130
    • (2007) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp. 1121-1130
    • Emmerson, P.J.1    Fisher, M.J.2    Yan, L.Z.3    Mayer, J.P.4
  • 83
    • 34447267463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small molecule ligands of the human melanocortin-4 receptor
    • F. Ujjainwalla, and I.K. Sebhat Small molecule ligands of the human melanocortin-4 receptor Curr Top Med Chem 7 11 2007 1068 1084
    • (2007) Curr Top Med Chem , vol.7 , Issue.11 , pp. 1068-1084
    • Ujjainwalla, F.1    Sebhat, I.K.2
  • 84
    • 79955941240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of novel melanocortin receptor ligands: Multiple receptors, complex pharmacology, the challenge
    • V.J. Hruby, M. Cai, J. Cain, J. Nyberg, and D. Trivedi Design of novel melanocortin receptor ligands: multiple receptors, complex pharmacology, the challenge Eur J Pharmacol 660 1 2011 88 93
    • (2011) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.660 , Issue.1 , pp. 88-93
    • Hruby, V.J.1    Cai, M.2    Cain, J.3    Nyberg, J.4    Trivedi, D.5
  • 87
    • 0033818103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass
    • A.S. Chen, D.J. Marsh, M.E. Trumbauer, E.G. Frazier, X.M. Guan, and H. Yu Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat mass and reduced lean body mass Nat Genet 26 1 2000 97 102
    • (2000) Nat Genet , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 97-102
    • Chen, A.S.1    Marsh, D.J.2    Trumbauer, M.E.3    Frazier, E.G.4    Guan, X.M.5    Yu, H.6
  • 89
    • 36348946386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue is attenuated by loss of melanocortin-3 receptor signaling
    • K.L. Ellacott, J.G. Murphy, D.L. Marks, and R.D. Cone Obesity-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue is attenuated by loss of melanocortin-3 receptor signaling Endocrinology 148 12 2007 6186 6194
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , Issue.12 , pp. 6186-6194
    • Ellacott, K.L.1    Murphy, J.G.2    Marks, D.L.3    Cone, R.D.4
  • 90
    • 24644451507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted deletion of melanocortin receptor subtypes 3 and 4, but not CART, alters nutrient partitioning and compromises behavioral and metabolic responses to leptin
    • Y. Zhang, G.E. Kilroy, T.M. Henagan, V. Prpic-Uhing, W.G. Richards, and A.W. Bannon Targeted deletion of melanocortin receptor subtypes 3 and 4, but not CART, alters nutrient partitioning and compromises behavioral and metabolic responses to leptin FASEB J 19 11 2005 1482 1491
    • (2005) FASEB J , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 1482-1491
    • Zhang, Y.1    Kilroy, G.E.2    Henagan, T.M.3    Prpic-Uhing, V.4    Richards, W.G.5    Bannon, A.W.6
  • 91
    • 84859423397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin-3 receptors are required for metabolic adaptation to food restriction
    • K. Begriche, O. Maston, J. Rossi, L. Burke, P. McDonald, and L.K. Heisler Melanocortin-3 receptors are required for metabolic adaptation to food restriction Genes Brain Behav 11 3 2012 291 302
    • (2012) Genes Brain Behav , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 291-302
    • Begriche, K.1    Maston, O.2    Rossi, J.3    Burke, L.4    McDonald, P.5    Heisler, L.K.6
  • 92
    • 77952307945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Central nervous system melanocortin-3 receptors are required for synchronizing metabolism during entrainment to restricted feeding during the light cycle
    • G.M. Sutton, K. Begriche, K.G. Kumar, J.M. Gimble, D. Perez-Tilve, and R. Nogueiras Central nervous system melanocortin-3 receptors are required for synchronizing metabolism during entrainment to restricted feeding during the light cycle FASEB J 24 3 2010 862 872
    • (2010) FASEB J , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 862-872
    • Sutton, G.M.1    Begriche, K.2    Kumar, K.G.3    Gimble, J.M.4    Perez-Tilve, D.5    Nogueiras, R.6
  • 93
    • 70349314321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the therapeutic functions of novel melanocortin receptor agonists in MC3R- and MC4R-deficient C57BL/6J mice
    • K.G. Kumar, G.M. Sutton, J.Z. Dong, P. Roubert, P. Plas, and H.A. Halem Analysis of the therapeutic functions of novel melanocortin receptor agonists in MC3R- and MC4R-deficient C57BL/6J mice Peptides 30 10 2009 1892 1900
    • (2009) Peptides , vol.30 , Issue.10 , pp. 1892-1900
    • Kumar, K.G.1    Sutton, G.M.2    Dong, J.Z.3    Roubert, P.4    Plas, P.5    Halem, H.A.6
  • 94
    • 34047250799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle
    • J.J. An, Y. Rhee, S.H. Kim, D.M. Kim, D.H. Han, and J.H. Hwang Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle J Biol Chem 282 5 2007 2862 2870
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , Issue.5 , pp. 2862-2870
    • An, J.J.1    Rhee, Y.2    Kim, S.H.3    Kim, D.M.4    Han, D.H.5    Hwang, J.H.6
  • 95
    • 56549109644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal glucose metabolism in hypertensive mice with genetically interrupted gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone signaling fed a high-sodium diet
    • X.P. Ni, and M.H. Humphreys Abnormal glucose metabolism in hypertensive mice with genetically interrupted gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone signaling fed a high-sodium diet Am J Hypertens 21 12 2008 1284 1287
    • (2008) Am J Hypertens , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 1284-1287
    • Ni, X.P.1    Humphreys, M.H.2
  • 96
    • 0027436690 scopus 로고
    • Identification of a receptor for gamma melanotropin and other proopiomelanocortin peptides in the hypothalamus and limbic system
    • L. Roselli-Rehfuss, K.G. Mountjoy, L.S. Robbins, M.T. Mortrud, M.J. Low, and J.B. Tatro Identification of a receptor for gamma melanotropin and other proopiomelanocortin peptides in the hypothalamus and limbic system Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90 19 1993 8856 8860
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , Issue.19 , pp. 8856-8860
    • Roselli-Rehfuss, L.1    Mountjoy, K.G.2    Robbins, L.S.3    Mortrud, M.T.4    Low, M.J.5    Tatro, J.B.6
  • 97
    • 0028606308 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of melanocortin peptides on neural melanocortin receptors
    • R.A. Adan, R.D. Cone, J.P. Burbach, and W.H. Gispen Differential effects of melanocortin peptides on neural melanocortin receptors Mol Pharmacol 46 6 1994 1182 1190
    • (1994) Mol Pharmacol , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 1182-1190
    • Adan, R.A.1    Cone, R.D.2    Burbach, J.P.3    Gispen, W.H.4
  • 98
    • 0030764741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein
    • M.M. Ollmann, B.D. Wilson, Y.K. Yang, J.A. Kerns, Y. Chen, and I. Gantz Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein Science 278 5335 1997 135 138
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , Issue.5335 , pp. 135-138
    • Ollmann, M.M.1    Wilson, B.D.2    Yang, Y.K.3    Kerns, J.A.4    Chen, Y.5    Gantz, I.6
  • 99
    • 0030893647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice
    • J.R. Shutter, M. Graham, A.C. Kinsey, S. Scully, R. Luthy, and K.L. Stark Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice Genes Dev 11 5 1997 593 602
    • (1997) Genes Dev , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 593-602
    • Shutter, J.R.1    Graham, M.2    Kinsey, A.C.3    Scully, S.4    Luthy, R.5    Stark, K.L.6
  • 101
    • 0038149085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of melanocortin-4 receptors in mediating renal sympathoactivation to leptin and insulin
    • K. Rahmouni, W.G. Haynes, D.A. Morgan, and A.L. Mark Role of melanocortin-4 receptors in mediating renal sympathoactivation to leptin and insulin J Neurosci 23 14 2003 5998 6004
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , Issue.14 , pp. 5998-6004
    • Rahmouni, K.1    Haynes, W.G.2    Morgan, D.A.3    Mark, A.L.4
  • 103
    • 0018346407 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-beta- lipotropin precursor
    • S. Nakanishi, A. Inoue, T. Kita, M. Nakamura, A.C. Chang, and S.N. Cohen Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor Nature 278 5703 1979 423 427
    • (1979) Nature , vol.278 , Issue.5703 , pp. 423-427
    • Nakanishi, S.1    Inoue, A.2    Kita, T.3    Nakamura, M.4    Chang, A.C.5    Cohen, S.N.6
  • 104
    • 0018360168 scopus 로고
    • Purification and characterization of the messenger RNA coding for bovine corticotropin/beta-lipotropin precursor
    • T. Kita, A. Inoue, S. Nakanishi, and S. Numa Purification and characterization of the messenger RNA coding for bovine corticotropin/beta- lipotropin precursor Eur J Biochem 93 2 1979 213 220
    • (1979) Eur J Biochem , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 213-220
    • Kita, T.1    Inoue, A.2    Nakanishi, S.3    Numa, S.4
  • 105
    • 0006127553 scopus 로고
    • Corticotropin and beta-endorphin: Construction and analysis of recombinant DNA complementary to mRNA for the common precursor
    • J.L. Roberts, P.H. Seeburg, J. Shine, E. Herbert, J.D. Baxter, and H.M. Goodman Corticotropin and beta-endorphin: construction and analysis of recombinant DNA complementary to mRNA for the common precursor Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76 5 1979 2153 2157
    • (1979) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.76 , Issue.5 , pp. 2153-2157
    • Roberts, J.L.1    Seeburg, P.H.2    Shine, J.3    Herbert, E.4    Baxter, J.D.5    Goodman, H.M.6
  • 106
    • 0032005006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of Agouti protein with the melanocortin 1 receptor in vitro and in vivo
    • M.M. Ollmann, M.L. Lamoreux, B.D. Wilson, and G.S. Barsh Interaction of Agouti protein with the melanocortin 1 receptor in vitro and in vivo Genes Dev 12 3 1998 316 330
    • (1998) Genes Dev , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 316-330
    • Ollmann, M.M.1    Lamoreux, M.L.2    Wilson, B.D.3    Barsh, G.S.4
  • 108
    • 0032542061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biochemical, biophysical, and pharmacological characterization of bacterially expressed human agouti-related protein
    • R.D. Rosenfeld, L. Zeni, A.A. Welcher, L.O. Narhi, C. Hale, and J. Marasco Biochemical, biophysical, and pharmacological characterization of bacterially expressed human agouti-related protein Biochemistry 37 46 1998 16041 16052
    • (1998) Biochemistry , vol.37 , Issue.46 , pp. 16041-16052
    • Rosenfeld, R.D.1    Zeni, L.2    Welcher, A.A.3    Narhi, L.O.4    Hale, C.5    Marasco, J.6
  • 109
    • 0029004532 scopus 로고
    • Ectopic expression of the agouti gene in transgenic mice causes obesity, features of type II diabetes, and yellow fur
    • M.L. Klebig, J.E. Wilkinson, J.G. Geisler, and R.P. Woychik Ectopic expression of the agouti gene in transgenic mice causes obesity, features of type II diabetes, and yellow fur Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 11 1995 4728 4732
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , Issue.11 , pp. 4728-4732
    • Klebig, M.L.1    Wilkinson, J.E.2    Geisler, J.G.3    Woychik, R.P.4
  • 111
    • 0033579822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular interaction of Agouti protein and Agouti-related protein with human melanocortin receptors
    • M.R. Tota, T.S. Smith, C. Mao, T. MacNeil, R.T. Mosley, and L.H. Van der Ploeg Molecular interaction of Agouti protein and Agouti-related protein with human melanocortin receptors Biochemistry 38 3 1999 897 904
    • (1999) Biochemistry , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 897-904
    • Tota, M.R.1    Smith, T.S.2    Mao, C.3    MacNeil, T.4    Mosley, R.T.5    Van Der Ploeg, L.H.6
  • 113
    • 15144357684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A C-terminal fragment of Agouti-related protein increases feeding and antagonizes the effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in vivo
    • M. Rossi, M.S. Kim, D.G. Morgan, C.J. Small, C.M. Edwards, and D. Sunter A C-terminal fragment of Agouti-related protein increases feeding and antagonizes the effect of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone in vivo Endocrinology 139 10 1998 4428 4431
    • (1998) Endocrinology , vol.139 , Issue.10 , pp. 4428-4431
    • Rossi, M.1    Kim, M.S.2    Morgan, D.G.3    Small, C.J.4    Edwards, C.M.5    Sunter, D.6
  • 114
    • 33645508923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti-related protein is posttranslationally cleaved by proprotein convertase 1 to generate agouti-related protein (AGRP)83-132: Interaction between AGRP83-132 and melanocortin receptors cannot be influenced by syndecan-3
    • J.W. Creemers, L.E. Pritchard, A. Gyte, P. Le Rouzic, S. Meulemans, and S.L. Wardlaw Agouti-related protein is posttranslationally cleaved by proprotein convertase 1 to generate agouti-related protein (AGRP)83-132: interaction between AGRP83-132 and melanocortin receptors cannot be influenced by syndecan-3 Endocrinology 147 4 2006 1621 1631
    • (2006) Endocrinology , vol.147 , Issue.4 , pp. 1621-1631
    • Creemers, J.W.1    Pritchard, L.E.2    Gyte, A.3    Le Rouzic, P.4    Meulemans, S.5    Wardlaw, S.L.6
  • 115
    • 0035130843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AgRP(83-132) acts as an inverse agonist on the human-melanocortin-4 receptor
    • W.A. Nijenhuis, J. Oosterom, and R.A. Adan AgRP(83-132) acts as an inverse agonist on the human-melanocortin-4 receptor Mol Endocrinol 15 1 2001 164 171
    • (2001) Mol Endocrinol , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 164-171
    • Nijenhuis, W.A.1    Oosterom, J.2    Adan, R.A.3
  • 116
    • 0035810771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti-related protein functions as an inverse agonist at a constitutively active brain melanocortin-4 receptor
    • C. Haskell-Luevano, and E.K. Monck Agouti-related protein functions as an inverse agonist at a constitutively active brain melanocortin-4 receptor Regul Pept 99 1 2001 1 7
    • (2001) Regul Pept , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Haskell-Luevano, C.1    Monck, E.K.2
  • 117
    • 0031017205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of alpha-melanotropin and agouti on B16 melanoma cells: Evidence for inverse agonism of agouti
    • W. Siegrist, R. Drozdz, R. Cotti, D.H. Willard, W.O. Wilkison, and A.N. Eberle Interactions of alpha-melanotropin and agouti on B16 melanoma cells: evidence for inverse agonism of agouti J Recept Signal Transduct Res 17 1-3 1997 75 98
    • (1997) J Recept Signal Transduct Res , vol.17 , Issue.13 , pp. 75-98
    • Siegrist, W.1    Drozdz, R.2    Cotti, R.3    Willard, D.H.4    Wilkison, W.O.5    Eberle, A.N.6
  • 118
    • 38449087113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo evidence for inverse agonism of Agouti-related peptide in the central nervous system of proopiomelanocortin-deficient mice
    • V. Tolle, and M.J. Low In vivo evidence for inverse agonism of Agouti-related peptide in the central nervous system of proopiomelanocortin- deficient mice Diabetes 57 1 2008 86 94
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 86-94
    • Tolle, V.1    Low, M.J.2
  • 119
    • 0037713246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of proopiomelanocortin peptides results in obesity and defective adrenal function but normal melanocyte pigmentation in the murine C57BL/6 genetic background
    • J.L. Smart, and M.J. Low Lack of proopiomelanocortin peptides results in obesity and defective adrenal function but normal melanocyte pigmentation in the murine C57BL/6 genetic background Ann N Y Acad Sci 994 2003 202 210
    • (2003) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.994 , pp. 202-210
    • Smart, J.L.1    Low, M.J.2
  • 120
    • 9644279627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constitutive activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor is maintained by its N-terminal domain and plays a role in energy homeostasis in humans
    • S. Srinivasan, C. Lubrano-Berthelier, C. Govaerts, F. Picard, P. Santiago, and B.R. Conklin Constitutive activity of the melanocortin-4 receptor is maintained by its N-terminal domain and plays a role in energy homeostasis in humans J Clin Invest 114 8 2004 1158 1164
    • (2004) J Clin Invest , vol.114 , Issue.8 , pp. 1158-1164
    • Srinivasan, S.1    Lubrano-Berthelier, C.2    Govaerts, C.3    Picard, F.4    Santiago, P.5    Conklin, B.R.6
  • 121
    • 70350381121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling of melanocortin-4 receptors in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells defines agouti-related protein as a biased agonist
    • T.R. Buch, D. Heling, E. Damm, T. Gudermann, and A. Breit Pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling of melanocortin-4 receptors in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells defines agouti-related protein as a biased agonist J Biol Chem 284 39 2009 26411 26420
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , Issue.39 , pp. 26411-26420
    • Buch, T.R.1    Heling, D.2    Damm, E.3    Gudermann, T.4    Breit, A.5
  • 123
    • 84862762848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MC4R dimerization in the paraventricular nucleus and GHSR/MC3R heterodimerization in the arcuate nucleus: Is there relevance for body weight regulation
    • A. Rediger, C.L. Piechowski, K. Habegger, A. Gruters, H. Krude, and M.H. Tschop MC4R dimerization in the paraventricular nucleus and GHSR/MC3R heterodimerization in the arcuate nucleus: is there relevance for body weight regulation Neuroendocrinology 95 4 2012 277 288
    • (2012) Neuroendocrinology , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 277-288
    • Rediger, A.1    Piechowski, C.L.2    Habegger, K.3    Gruters, A.4    Krude, H.5    Tschop, M.H.6
  • 124
    • 80655149447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutually opposite signal modulation by hypothalamic heterodimerization of ghrelin and melanocortin-3 receptors
    • A. Rediger, C.L. Piechowski, C.X. Yi, P. Tarnow, R. Strotmann, and A. Gruters Mutually opposite signal modulation by hypothalamic heterodimerization of ghrelin and melanocortin-3 receptors J Biol Chem 286 45 2011 39623 39631
    • (2011) J Biol Chem , vol.286 , Issue.45 , pp. 39623-39631
    • Rediger, A.1    Piechowski, C.L.2    Yi, C.X.3    Tarnow, P.4    Strotmann, R.5    Gruters, A.6
  • 125
    • 0033567543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of an endogenous antagonist: Relationship between Agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin in brain
    • D. Bagnol, X.Y. Lu, C.B. Kaelin, H.E. Day, M. Ollmann, and I. Gantz Anatomy of an endogenous antagonist: relationship between Agouti-related protein and proopiomelanocortin in brain J Neurosci 19 18 1999 RC26
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , Issue.18 , pp. 26
    • Bagnol, D.1    Lu, X.Y.2    Kaelin, C.B.3    Day, H.E.4    Ollmann, M.5    Gantz, I.6
  • 126
    • 0032942045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of the neuroanatomical distribution of agouti-related protein immunoreactivity in the rhesus monkey and the rat
    • C. Haskell-Luevano, P. Chen, C. Li, K. Chang, M.S. Smith, and J.L. Cameron Characterization of the neuroanatomical distribution of agouti-related protein immunoreactivity in the rhesus monkey and the rat Endocrinology 140 3 1999 1408 1415
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , Issue.3 , pp. 1408-1415
    • Haskell-Luevano, C.1    Chen, P.2    Li, C.3    Chang, K.4    Smith, M.S.5    Cameron, J.L.6
  • 127
    • 0032863468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to peripheral melanocortin
    • L. Yaswen, N. Diehl, M.B. Brennan, and U. Hochgeschwender Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to peripheral melanocortin Nat Med 5 9 1999 1066 1070
    • (1999) Nat Med , vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp. 1066-1070
    • Yaswen, L.1    Diehl, N.2    Brennan, M.B.3    Hochgeschwender, U.4
  • 128
    • 32444449631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids exacerbate obesity and insulin resistance in neuron-specific proopiomelanocortin-deficient mice
    • J.L. Smart, V. Tolle, and M.J. Low Glucocorticoids exacerbate obesity and insulin resistance in neuron-specific proopiomelanocortin-deficient mice J Clin Invest 116 2 2006 495 505
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , Issue.2 , pp. 495-505
    • Smart, J.L.1    Tolle, V.2    Low, M.J.3
  • 129
    • 0031838353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans
    • H. Krude, H. Biebermann, W. Luck, R. Horn, G. Brabant, and A. Gruters Severe early-onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency and red hair pigmentation caused by POMC mutations in humans Nat Genet 19 2 1998 155 157
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-157
    • Krude, H.1    Biebermann, H.2    Luck, W.3    Horn, R.4    Brabant, G.5    Gruters, A.6
  • 130
    • 33750592655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterozygosity for a POMC-null mutation and increased obesity risk in humans
    • I.S. Farooqi, S. Drop, A. Clements, J.M. Keogh, J. Biernacka, and S. Lowenbein Heterozygosity for a POMC-null mutation and increased obesity risk in humans Diabetes 55 9 2006 2549 2553
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 2549-2553
    • Farooqi, I.S.1    Drop, S.2    Clements, A.3    Keogh, J.M.4    Biernacka, J.5    Lowenbein, S.6
  • 131
    • 0030928715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proopiomelanocortin neurons are direct targets for leptin in the hypothalamus
    • C.C. Cheung, D.K. Clifton, and R.A. Steiner Proopiomelanocortin neurons are direct targets for leptin in the hypothalamus Endocrinology 138 10 1997 4489 4492
    • (1997) Endocrinology , vol.138 , Issue.10 , pp. 4489-4492
    • Cheung, C.C.1    Clifton, D.K.2    Steiner, R.A.3
  • 132
    • 0033316562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological and anatomical circuitry between Agouti-related protein and leptin signaling
    • B.D. Wilson, D. Bagnol, C.B. Kaelin, M.M. Ollmann, I. Gantz, and S.J. Watson Physiological and anatomical circuitry between Agouti-related protein and leptin signaling Endocrinology 140 5 1999 2387 2397
    • (1999) Endocrinology , vol.140 , Issue.5 , pp. 2387-2397
    • Wilson, B.D.1    Bagnol, D.2    Kaelin, C.B.3    Ollmann, M.M.4    Gantz, I.5    Watson, S.J.6
  • 134
    • 41549111593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective and individual functions of leptin receptor modulated neurons controlling metabolism and ingestion
    • E. van de Wall, R. Leshan, A.W. Xu, N. Balthasar, R. Coppari, and S.M. Liu Collective and individual functions of leptin receptor modulated neurons controlling metabolism and ingestion Endocrinology 149 4 2008 1773 1785
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , Issue.4 , pp. 1773-1785
    • Van De Wall, E.1    Leshan, R.2    Xu, A.W.3    Balthasar, N.4    Coppari, R.5    Liu, S.M.6
  • 135
    • 24944495425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double leptin and melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations have an additive effect on fat mass and are associated with reduced effects of leptin on weight loss and food intake
    • J.L. Trevaskis, and A.A. Butler Double leptin and melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations have an additive effect on fat mass and are associated with reduced effects of leptin on weight loss and food intake Endocrinology 146 10 2005 4257 4265
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , Issue.10 , pp. 4257-4265
    • Trevaskis, J.L.1    Butler, A.A.2
  • 136
    • 49649122302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UCP2 mediates ghrelin's action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals
    • Z.B. Andrews, Z.W. Liu, N. Walllingford, D.M. Erion, E. Borok, and J.M. Friedman UCP2 mediates ghrelin's action on NPY/AgRP neurons by lowering free radicals Nature 454 7206 2008 846 851
    • (2008) Nature , vol.454 , Issue.7206 , pp. 846-851
    • Andrews, Z.B.1    Liu, Z.W.2    Walllingford, N.3    Erion, D.M.4    Borok, E.5    Friedman, J.M.6
  • 137
    • 2542475178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexigenic action of peripheral ghrelin is mediated by neuropeptide y and agouti-related protein
    • H.Y. Chen, M.E. Trumbauer, A.S. Chen, D.T. Weingarth, J.R. Adams, and E.G. Frazier Orexigenic action of peripheral ghrelin is mediated by neuropeptide Y and agouti-related protein Endocrinology 145 6 2004 2607 2612
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , Issue.6 , pp. 2607-2612
    • Chen, H.Y.1    Trumbauer, M.E.2    Chen, A.S.3    Weingarth, D.T.4    Adams, J.R.5    Frazier, E.G.6
  • 138
    • 0037456519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis
    • M.A. Cowley, R.G. Smith, S. Diano, M. Tschop, N. Pronchuk, and K.L. Grove The distribution and mechanism of action of ghrelin in the CNS demonstrates a novel hypothalamic circuit regulating energy homeostasis Neuron 37 4 2003 649 661
    • (2003) Neuron , vol.37 , Issue.4 , pp. 649-661
    • Cowley, M.A.1    Smith, R.G.2    Diano, S.3    Tschop, M.4    Pronchuk, N.5    Grove, K.L.6
  • 139
    • 77950264425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct insulin and leptin action on pro-opiomelanocortin neurons is required for normal glucose homeostasis and fertility
    • J.W. Hill, C.F. Elias, M. Fukuda, K.W. Williams, E.D. Berglund, and W.L. Holland Direct insulin and leptin action on pro-opiomelanocortin neurons is required for normal glucose homeostasis and fertility Cell Metab 11 4 2010 286 297
    • (2010) Cell Metab , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 286-297
    • Hill, J.W.1    Elias, C.F.2    Fukuda, M.3    Williams, K.W.4    Berglund, E.D.5    Holland, W.L.6
  • 140
    • 77449144768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent regulation of energy expenditure and hepatic glucose production by insulin receptor in AgRP and POMC neurons
    • H.V. Lin, L. Plum, H. Ono, R. Gutierrez-Juarez, M. Shanabrough, and E. Borok Divergent regulation of energy expenditure and hepatic glucose production by insulin receptor in AgRP and POMC neurons Diabetes 59 2 2010 337 346
    • (2010) Diabetes , vol.59 , Issue.2 , pp. 337-346
    • Lin, H.V.1    Plum, L.2    Ono, H.3    Gutierrez-Juarez, R.4    Shanabrough, M.5    Borok, E.6
  • 141
    • 34249651956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin action in AgRP-expressing neurons is required for suppression of hepatic glucose production
    • A.C. Konner, R. Janoschek, L. Plum, S.D. Jordan, E. Rother, and X. Ma Insulin action in AgRP-expressing neurons is required for suppression of hepatic glucose production Cell Metab 5 6 2007 438 449
    • (2007) Cell Metab , vol.5 , Issue.6 , pp. 438-449
    • Konner, A.C.1    Janoschek, R.2    Plum, L.3    Jordan, S.D.4    Rother, E.5    Ma, X.6
  • 142
    • 0037109670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The catabolic action of insulin in the brain is mediated by melanocortins
    • S.C. Benoit, E.L. Air, L.M. Coolen, R. Strauss, A. Jackman, and D.J. Clegg The catabolic action of insulin in the brain is mediated by melanocortins J Neurosci 22 20 2002 9048 9052
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.20 , pp. 9048-9052
    • Benoit, S.C.1    Air, E.L.2    Coolen, L.M.3    Strauss, R.4    Jackman, A.5    Clegg, D.J.6
  • 143
    • 2142758640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexigen-sensitive NPY/AgRP pacemaker neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus
    • M. van den Top, K. Lee, A.D. Whyment, A.M. Blanks, and D. Spanswick Orexigen-sensitive NPY/AgRP pacemaker neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus Nat Neurosci 7 5 2004 493 494
    • (2004) Nat Neurosci , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 493-494
    • Van Den Top, M.1    Lee, K.2    Whyment, A.D.3    Blanks, A.M.4    Spanswick, D.5
  • 144
    • 56349145180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT2CRs expressed by pro-opiomelanocortin neurons regulate energy homeostasis
    • Y. Xu, J.E. Jones, D. Kohno, K.W. Williams, C.E. Lee, and M.J. Choi 5-HT2CRs expressed by pro-opiomelanocortin neurons regulate energy homeostasis Neuron 60 4 2008 582 589
    • (2008) Neuron , vol.60 , Issue.4 , pp. 582-589
    • Xu, Y.1    Jones, J.E.2    Kohno, D.3    Williams, K.W.4    Lee, C.E.5    Choi, M.J.6
  • 145
    • 40849135860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonist promotes hypophagia via downstream activation of melanocortin 4 receptors
    • D.D. Lam, M.J. Przydzial, S.H. Ridley, G.S. Yeo, J.J. Rochford, and S. O'Rahilly Serotonin 5-HT2C receptor agonist promotes hypophagia via downstream activation of melanocortin 4 receptors Endocrinology 149 3 2008 1323 1328
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , Issue.3 , pp. 1323-1328
    • Lam, D.D.1    Przydzial, M.J.2    Ridley, S.H.3    Yeo, G.S.4    Rochford, J.J.5    O'Rahilly, S.6
  • 146
    • 33745978779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonin reciprocally regulates melanocortin neurons to modulate food intake
    • L.K. Heisler, E.E. Jobst, G.M. Sutton, L. Zhou, E. Borok, and Z. Thornton-Jones Serotonin reciprocally regulates melanocortin neurons to modulate food intake Neuron 51 2 2006 239 249
    • (2006) Neuron , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 239-249
    • Heisler, L.K.1    Jobst, E.E.2    Sutton, G.M.3    Zhou, L.4    Borok, E.5    Thornton-Jones, Z.6
  • 147
  • 148
    • 0037387207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons are glucose responsive and express K(ATP) channels
    • N. Ibrahim, M.A. Bosch, J.L. Smart, J. Qiu, M. Rubinstein, and O.K. Ronnekleiv Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin neurons are glucose responsive and express K(ATP) channels Endocrinology 144 4 2003 1331 1340
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , Issue.4 , pp. 1331-1340
    • Ibrahim, N.1    Bosch, M.A.2    Smart, J.L.3    Qiu, J.4    Rubinstein, M.5    Ronnekleiv, O.K.6
  • 149
    • 34548604499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose sensing by POMC neurons regulates glucose homeostasis and is impaired in obesity
    • L.E. Parton, C.P. Ye, R. Coppari, P.J. Enriori, B. Choi, and C.Y. Zhang Glucose sensing by POMC neurons regulates glucose homeostasis and is impaired in obesity Nature 449 7159 2007 228 232
    • (2007) Nature , vol.449 , Issue.7159 , pp. 228-232
    • Parton, L.E.1    Ye, C.P.2    Coppari, R.3    Enriori, P.J.4    Choi, B.5    Zhang, C.Y.6
  • 150
    • 33846435768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of melanocortin signaling in refeeding-induced neuronal activation and satiety
    • P.S. Singru, E. Sanchez, C. Fekete, and R.M. Lechan Importance of melanocortin signaling in refeeding-induced neuronal activation and satiety Endocrinology 148 2 2007 638 646
    • (2007) Endocrinology , vol.148 , Issue.2 , pp. 638-646
    • Singru, P.S.1    Sanchez, E.2    Fekete, C.3    Lechan, R.M.4
  • 151
    • 50549084128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of refeeding on melanocortin-responsive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus
    • E. Sanchez, P.S. Singru, R. Acharya, M. Bodria, C. Fekete, and A.M. Zavacki Differential effects of refeeding on melanocortin-responsive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus Endocrinology 149 9 2008 4329 4335
    • (2008) Endocrinology , vol.149 , Issue.9 , pp. 4329-4335
    • Sanchez, E.1    Singru, P.S.2    Acharya, R.3    Bodria, M.4    Fekete, C.5    Zavacki, A.M.6
  • 152
    • 33748944500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal activation in the hypothalamus and brainstem during feeding in rats
    • L.E. Johnstone, T.M. Fong, and G. Leng Neuronal activation in the hypothalamus and brainstem during feeding in rats Cell Metab 4 4 2006 313 321
    • (2006) Cell Metab , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 313-321
    • Johnstone, L.E.1    Fong, T.M.2    Leng, G.3
  • 153
    • 67650398335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPCR signaling: Understanding the pathway to successful drug discovery
    • C. Williams, and S.J. Hill GPCR signaling: understanding the pathway to successful drug discovery Methods Mol Biol 552 2009 39 50
    • (2009) Methods Mol Biol , vol.552 , pp. 39-50
    • Williams, C.1    Hill, S.J.2
  • 154
    • 0037205055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • G protein pathways
    • S.R. Neves, P.T. Ram, and R. Iyengar G protein pathways Science 296 5573 2002 1636 1639
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , Issue.5573 , pp. 1636-1639
    • Neves, S.R.1    Ram, P.T.2    Iyengar, R.3
  • 155
    • 0026800892 scopus 로고
    • The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors
    • K.G. Mountjoy, L.S. Robbins, M.T. Mortrud, and R.D. Cone The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors Science 257 5074 1992 1248 1251
    • (1992) Science , vol.257 , Issue.5074 , pp. 1248-1251
    • Mountjoy, K.G.1    Robbins, L.S.2    Mortrud, M.T.3    Cone, R.D.4
  • 157
    • 0027227288 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning, expression, and gene localization of a fourth melanocortin receptor
    • I. Gantz, H. Miwa, Y. Konda, Y. Shimoto, T. Tashiro, and S.J. Watson Molecular cloning, expression, and gene localization of a fourth melanocortin receptor J Biol Chem 268 20 1993 15174 15179
    • (1993) J Biol Chem , vol.268 , Issue.20 , pp. 15174-15179
    • Gantz, I.1    Miwa, H.2    Konda, Y.3    Shimoto, Y.4    Tashiro, T.5    Watson, S.J.6
  • 161
    • 0026731363 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and expression of the human melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor cDNA
    • V. Chhajlani, and J.E. Wikberg Molecular cloning and expression of the human melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor cDNA FEBS Lett 309 3 1992 417 420
    • (1992) FEBS Lett , vol.309 , Issue.3 , pp. 417-420
    • Chhajlani, V.1    Wikberg, J.E.2
  • 163
    • 0028318837 scopus 로고
    • Cloning and expression of a new member of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor family
    • P. Barrett, A. MacDonald, R. Helliwell, G. Davidson, and P. Morgan Cloning and expression of a new member of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor family J Mol Endocrinol 12 2 1994 203 213
    • (1994) J Mol Endocrinol , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-213
    • Barrett, P.1    MacDonald, A.2    Helliwell, R.3    Davidson, G.4    Morgan, P.5
  • 164
    • 0028354424 scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning of a mouse melanocortin 5 receptor gene widely expressed in peripheral tissues
    • O. Labbe, F. Desarnaud, D. Eggerickx, G. Vassart, and M. Parmentier Molecular cloning of a mouse melanocortin 5 receptor gene widely expressed in peripheral tissues Biochemistry 33 15 1994 4543 4549
    • (1994) Biochemistry , vol.33 , Issue.15 , pp. 4543-4549
    • Labbe, O.1    Desarnaud, F.2    Eggerickx, D.3    Vassart, G.4    Parmentier, M.5
  • 165
    • 0038051072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Engineering the melanocortin-4 receptor to control G(s) signaling in vivo
    • S. Srinivasan, C. Vaisse, and B.R. Conklin Engineering the melanocortin-4 receptor to control G(s) signaling in vivo Ann N Y Acad Sci 994 2003 225 232
    • (2003) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.994 , pp. 225-232
    • Srinivasan, S.1    Vaisse, C.2    Conklin, B.R.3
  • 166
    • 0037200005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of domains directing specificity of coupling to G-proteins for the melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptors
    • C.S. Kim, S.H. Lee, R.Y. Kim, B.J. Kim, S.Z. Li, and I.H. Lee Identification of domains directing specificity of coupling to G-proteins for the melanocortin MC3 and MC4 receptors J Biol Chem 277 35 2002 31310 31317
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , Issue.35 , pp. 31310-31317
    • Kim, C.S.1    Lee, S.H.2    Kim, R.Y.3    Kim, B.J.4    Li, S.Z.5    Lee, I.H.6
  • 167
    • 79959560170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and function of melanocortin receptors within the brain
    • K.G. Mountjoy Distribution and function of melanocortin receptors within the brain Adv Exp Med Biol 681 2010 29 48
    • (2010) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.681 , pp. 29-48
    • Mountjoy, K.G.1
  • 168
  • 169
    • 79551571790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic MC sets the metabolic tone
    • C.X. Yi, A. Kalsbeek, and M.H. Tschop Autonomic MC sets the metabolic tone Cell Metab 13 2 2011 121 123
    • (2011) Cell Metab , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-123
    • Yi, C.X.1    Kalsbeek, A.2    Tschop, M.H.3
  • 170
    • 0342657747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mutations in humans: The POMC deficiency syndrome
    • H. Krude, and A. Gruters Implications of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mutations in humans: the POMC deficiency syndrome Trends Endocrinol Metab 11 1 2000 15 22
    • (2000) Trends Endocrinol Metab , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 15-22
    • Krude, H.1    Gruters, A.2
  • 171
    • 0242320429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity due to proopiomelanocortin deficiency: Three new cases and treatment trials with thyroid hormone and ACTH4-10
    • H. Krude, H. Biebermann, D. Schnabel, M.Z. Tansek, P. Theunissen, and P.E. Mullis Obesity due to proopiomelanocortin deficiency: three new cases and treatment trials with thyroid hormone and ACTH4-10 J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88 10 2003 4633 4640
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.88 , Issue.10 , pp. 4633-4640
    • Krude, H.1    Biebermann, H.2    Schnabel, D.3    Tansek, M.Z.4    Theunissen, P.5    Mullis, P.E.6
  • 172
    • 12144291698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice lacking pro-opiomelanocortin are sensitive to high-fat feeding but respond normally to the acute anorectic effects of peptide-YY(3-36)
    • B.G. Challis, A.P. Coll, G.S. Yeo, S.B. Pinnock, S.L. Dickson, and R.R. Thresher Mice lacking pro-opiomelanocortin are sensitive to high-fat feeding but respond normally to the acute anorectic effects of peptide-YY(3-36) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 13 2004 4695 4700
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.101 , Issue.13 , pp. 4695-4700
    • Challis, B.G.1    Coll, A.P.2    Yeo, G.S.3    Pinnock, S.B.4    Dickson, S.L.5    Thresher, R.R.6
  • 173
    • 33645048441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A POMC variant implicates beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of human energy balance
    • Y.S. Lee, B.G. Challis, D.A. Thompson, G.S. Yeo, J.M. Keogh, and M.E. Madonna A POMC variant implicates beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the control of human energy balance Cell Metab 3 2 2006 135 140
    • (2006) Cell Metab , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-140
    • Lee, Y.S.1    Challis, B.G.2    Thompson, D.A.3    Yeo, G.S.4    Keogh, J.M.5    Madonna, M.E.6
  • 175
    • 0033927916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity
    • C. Vaisse, K. Clement, E. Durand, S. Hercberg, B. Guy-Grand, and P. Froguel Melanocortin-4 receptor mutations are a frequent and heterogeneous cause of morbid obesity J Clin Invest 106 2 2000 253 262
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 253-262
    • Vaisse, C.1    Clement, K.2    Durand, E.3    Hercberg, S.4    Guy-Grand, B.5    Froguel, P.6
  • 176
    • 0037341511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the human melanocortin-4 receptor gene associated with severe familial obesity disrupts receptor function through multiple molecular mechanisms
    • G.S. Yeo, E.J. Lank, I.S. Farooqi, J. Keogh, B.G. Challis, and S. O'Rahilly Mutations in the human melanocortin-4 receptor gene associated with severe familial obesity disrupts receptor function through multiple molecular mechanisms Hum Mol Genet 12 5 2003 561 574
    • (2003) Hum Mol Genet , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 561-574
    • Yeo, G.S.1    Lank, E.J.2    Farooqi, I.S.3    Keogh, J.4    Challis, B.G.5    O'Rahilly, S.6
  • 177
    • 33846489214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Several mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene are associated with obesity in Chinese children and adolescents
    • C.L. Wang, L. Liang, H.J. Wang, J.F. Fu, J. Hebebrand, and A. Hinney Several mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor gene are associated with obesity in Chinese children and adolescents J Endocrinol Invest 29 10 2006 894 898
    • (2006) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 894-898
    • Wang, C.L.1    Liang, L.2    Wang, H.J.3    Fu, J.F.4    Hebebrand, J.5    Hinney, A.6
  • 178
    • 12244281827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of mutations and functional analyses of melanocortin 4 receptor variants identified among 750 men with juvenile-onset obesity
    • L.H. Larsen, S.M. Echwald, T.I. Sorensen, T. Andersen, B.S. Wulff, and O. Pedersen Prevalence of mutations and functional analyses of melanocortin 4 receptor variants identified among 750 men with juvenile-onset obesity J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90 1 2005 219 224
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.90 , Issue.1 , pp. 219-224
    • Larsen, L.H.1    Echwald, S.M.2    Sorensen, T.I.3    Andersen, T.4    Wulff, B.S.5    Pedersen, O.6
  • 179
    • 0343953074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dominant and recessive inheritance of morbid obesity associated with melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency
    • I.S. Farooqi, G.S. Yeo, J.M. Keogh, S. Aminian, S.A. Jebb, and G. Butler Dominant and recessive inheritance of morbid obesity associated with melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency J Clin Invest 106 2 2000 271 279
    • (2000) J Clin Invest , vol.106 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-279
    • Farooqi, I.S.1    Yeo, G.S.2    Keogh, J.M.3    Aminian, S.4    Jebb, S.A.5    Butler, G.6
  • 180
    • 0033495921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular scanning for mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene in obese/diabetic Japanese
    • Y. Ohshiro, T. Sanke, K. Ueda, Y. Shimajiri, T. Nakagawa, and K. Tsunoda Molecular scanning for mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor gene in obese/diabetic Japanese Ann Hum Genet 63 Pt 6 1999 483 487
    • (1999) Ann Hum Genet , vol.63 , Issue.PART 6 , pp. 483-487
    • Ohshiro, Y.1    Sanke, T.2    Ueda, K.3    Shimajiri, Y.4    Nakagawa, T.5    Tsunoda, K.6
  • 182
    • 61849161252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of functionally significant Melanocortin-4 but not Melanocortin-3 receptor mutations with severe adult obesity in a large North American case-control study
    • M.A. Calton, B.A. Ersoy, S. Zhang, J.P. Kane, M.J. Malloy, and C.R. Pullinger Association of functionally significant Melanocortin-4 but not Melanocortin-3 receptor mutations with severe adult obesity in a large North American case-control study Hum Mol Genet 18 6 2009 1140 1147
    • (2009) Hum Mol Genet , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 1140-1147
    • Calton, M.A.1    Ersoy, B.A.2    Zhang, S.3    Kane, J.P.4    Malloy, M.J.5    Pullinger, C.R.6
  • 183
    • 78650553919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rare melanocortin-3 receptor mutations with in vitro functional consequences are associated with human obesity
    • M. Mencarelli, B. Dubern, R. Alili, S. Maestrini, L. Benajiba, and M. Tagliaferri Rare melanocortin-3 receptor mutations with in vitro functional consequences are associated with human obesity Hum Mol Genet 20 2 2011 392 399
    • (2011) Hum Mol Genet , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 392-399
    • Mencarelli, M.1    Dubern, B.2    Alili, R.3    Maestrini, S.4    Benajiba, L.5    Tagliaferri, M.6
  • 184
    • 10244226787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Val81 missense mutation of the melanocortin 3 receptor gene, but not the 1908c/T nucleotide polymorphism in lamin A/C gene, is associated with hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinemia in obese Greek caucasians
    • N. Yiannakouris, L. Melistas, M. Kontogianni, K. Heist, and C.S. Mantzoros The Val81 missense mutation of the melanocortin 3 receptor gene, but not the 1908c/T nucleotide polymorphism in lamin A/C gene, is associated with hyperleptinemia and hyperinsulinemia in obese Greek caucasians J Endocrinol Invest 27 8 2004 714 720
    • (2004) J Endocrinol Invest , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 714-720
    • Yiannakouris, N.1    Melistas, L.2    Kontogianni, M.3    Heist, K.4    Mantzoros, C.S.5
  • 186
    • 0037387355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential role of melanocortin receptor subtypes in cachexia
    • D.L. Marks, A.A. Butler, R. Turner, G. Brookhart, and R.D. Cone Differential role of melanocortin receptor subtypes in cachexia Endocrinology 144 4 2003 1513 1523
    • (2003) Endocrinology , vol.144 , Issue.4 , pp. 1513-1523
    • Marks, D.L.1    Butler, A.A.2    Turner, R.3    Brookhart, G.4    Cone, R.D.5
  • 188
    • 78650191226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 5-HT2CRs expressed by pro-opiomelanocortin neurons regulate insulin sensitivity in liver
    • Y. Xu, E.D. Berglund, J.W. Sohn, W.L. Holland, J.C. Chuang, and M. Fukuda 5-HT2CRs expressed by pro-opiomelanocortin neurons regulate insulin sensitivity in liver Nat Neurosci 13 12 2010 1457 1459
    • (2010) Nat Neurosci , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 1457-1459
    • Xu, Y.1    Berglund, E.D.2    Sohn, J.W.3    Holland, W.L.4    Chuang, J.C.5    Fukuda, M.6
  • 189
    • 0033429342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of neuropeptide y deficiency on hypothalamic agouti-related protein expression and responsiveness to melanocortin analogues
    • D.J. Marsh, G.I. Miura, K.A. Yagaloff, M.W. Schwartz, G.S. Barsh, and R.D. Palmiter Effects of neuropeptide Y deficiency on hypothalamic agouti-related protein expression and responsiveness to melanocortin analogues Brain Res 848 1-2 1999 66 77
    • (1999) Brain Res , vol.848 , Issue.12 , pp. 66-77
    • Marsh, D.J.1    Miura, G.I.2    Yagaloff, K.A.3    Schwartz, M.W.4    Barsh, G.S.5    Palmiter, R.D.6
  • 190
    • 0036773547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agouti-related protein (AGRP) has a central inhibitory action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis; Comparisons between the effect of AGRP and neuropeptide y on energy homeostasis and the HPT axis
    • C. Fekete, S. Sarkar, W.M. Rand, J.W. Harney, C.H. Emerson, and A.C. Bianco Agouti-related protein (AGRP) has a central inhibitory action on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis; comparisons between the effect of AGRP and neuropeptide Y on energy homeostasis and the HPT axis Endocrinology 143 10 2002 3846 3853
    • (2002) Endocrinology , vol.143 , Issue.10 , pp. 3846-3853
    • Fekete, C.1    Sarkar, S.2    Rand, W.M.3    Harney, J.W.4    Emerson, C.H.5    Bianco, A.C.6
  • 191
    • 37249004682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A derivative of the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU9119 (PG932) increases food intake when administered peripherally
    • G.M. Sutton, M. Josephine Babin, X. Gu, V.J. Hruby, and A.A. Butler A derivative of the melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU9119 (PG932) increases food intake when administered peripherally Peptides 29 1 2008 104 111
    • (2008) Peptides , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-111
    • Sutton, G.M.1    Josephine Babin, M.2    Gu, X.3    Hruby, V.J.4    Butler, A.A.5
  • 192
    • 79956087418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption and the Effects of a Melanocortin (MC) Receptor Agonist on Ethanol Intake in Mutant C57BL/6J Mice Lacking the MC-4 Receptor
    • M. Navarro, J.M. Lerma-Cabrera, F. Carvajal, E.G. Lowery, I. Cubero, and T.E. Thiele Assessment of Voluntary Ethanol Consumption and the Effects of a Melanocortin (MC) Receptor Agonist on Ethanol Intake in Mutant C57BL/6J Mice Lacking the MC-4 Receptor Alcohol Clin Exp Res 35 6 2011 1058 1066
    • (2011) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 1058-1066
    • Navarro, M.1    Lerma-Cabrera, J.M.2    Carvajal, F.3    Lowery, E.G.4    Cubero, I.5    Thiele, T.E.6
  • 193
    • 78049482868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma-Melanocyte stimulation hormone (gamma-MSH) truncation studies results in the cautionary note that gamma-MSH is not selective for the mouse MC3R over the mouse MC5R
    • C.G. Joseph, H. Yao, J.W. Scott, N.B. Sorensen, R.N. Marnane, and K.G. Mountjoy Gamma-Melanocyte stimulation hormone (gamma-MSH) truncation studies results in the cautionary note that gamma-MSH is not selective for the mouse MC3R over the mouse MC5R Peptides 31 12 2010 2304 2313
    • (2010) Peptides , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 2304-2313
    • Joseph, C.G.1    Yao, H.2    Scott, J.W.3    Sorensen, N.B.4    Marnane, R.N.5    Mountjoy, K.G.6
  • 194
    • 78049463064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of MTII on food intake and brain c-Fos in melanocortin-3, melanocortin-4, and double MC3 and MC4 receptor knockout mice
    • N.E. Rowland, J.W. Schaub, K.L. Robertson, A. Andreasen, and C. Haskell-Luevano Effect of MTII on food intake and brain c-Fos in melanocortin-3, melanocortin-4, and double MC3 and MC4 receptor knockout mice Peptides. 31 12 2010 Dec 2314 2317
    • (2010) Peptides. , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 2314-2317
    • Rowland, N.E.1    Schaub, J.W.2    Robertson, K.L.3    Andreasen, A.4    Haskell-Luevano, C.5
  • 195
    • 70449411697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of melanocortin neuronal pathways in circadian biology: A new homeostatic output involving melanocortin-3 receptors?
    • K. Begriche, G.M. Sutton, J. Fang, and A.A. Butler The role of melanocortin neuronal pathways in circadian biology: a new homeostatic output involving melanocortin-3 receptors? Obes Rev 10 Suppl. 2 2009 14 24
    • (2009) Obes Rev , vol.10 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 14-24
    • Begriche, K.1    Sutton, G.M.2    Fang, J.3    Butler, A.A.4
  • 196
    • 0028215250 scopus 로고
    • Circadian food-anticipatory activity: Formal models and physiological mechanisms
    • R.E. Mistlberger Circadian food-anticipatory activity: formal models and physiological mechanisms Neurosci Biobehav Rev 18 2 1994 171 195
    • (1994) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 171-195
    • Mistlberger, R.E.1
  • 197
    • 79957906685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythms, sleep, and metabolism
    • W. Huang, K.M. Ramsey, B. Marcheva, and J. Bass Circadian rhythms, sleep, and metabolism J Clin Invest 121 6 2011 2133 2141
    • (2011) J Clin Invest , vol.121 , Issue.6 , pp. 2133-2141
    • Huang, W.1    Ramsey, K.M.2    Marcheva, B.3    Bass, J.4
  • 198
    • 54449085416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physiological significance of a peripheral tissue circadian clock
    • K.A. Lamia, K.F. Storch, and C.J. Weitz Physiological significance of a peripheral tissue circadian clock Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 39 2008 15172 15177
    • (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.105 , Issue.39 , pp. 15172-15177
    • Lamia, K.A.1    Storch, K.F.2    Weitz, C.J.3
  • 199
    • 34247401738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythms and the regulation of metabolic tissue function and energy homeostasis
    • S. Zvonic, Z.E. Floyd, R.L. Mynatt, and J.M. Gimble Circadian rhythms and the regulation of metabolic tissue function and energy homeostasis Obesity (Silver Spring) 15 3 2007 539 543
    • (2007) Obesity (Silver Spring) , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 539-543
    • Zvonic, S.1    Floyd, Z.E.2    Mynatt, R.L.3    Gimble, J.M.4
  • 200
    • 52149109334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The genetics of mammalian circadian order and disorder: Implications for physiology and disease
    • J.S. Takahashi, H.K. Hong, C.H. Ko, and E.L. McDearmon The genetics of mammalian circadian order and disorder: implications for physiology and disease Nat Rev Genet 9 10 2008 764 775
    • (2008) Nat Rev Genet , vol.9 , Issue.10 , pp. 764-775
    • Takahashi, J.S.1    Hong, H.K.2    Ko, C.H.3    McDearmon, E.L.4
  • 201
    • 20844461135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity and metabolic syndrome in circadian Clock mutant mice
    • F.W. Turek, C. Joshu, A. Kohsaka, E. Lin, G. Ivanova, and E. McDearmon Obesity and metabolic syndrome in circadian Clock mutant mice Science 308 5724 2005 1043 1045
    • (2005) Science , vol.308 , Issue.5724 , pp. 1043-1045
    • Turek, F.W.1    Joshu, C.2    Kohsaka, A.3    Lin, E.4    Ivanova, G.5    McDearmon, E.6
  • 202
    • 14044264801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BMAL1 and CLOCK, two essential components of the circadian clock, are involved in glucose homeostasis
    • R.D. Rudic, P. McNamara, A.M. Curtis, R.C. Boston, S. Panda, and J.B. Hogenesch BMAL1 and CLOCK, two essential components of the circadian clock, are involved in glucose homeostasis PLoS Biol 2 11 2004 e377
    • (2004) PLoS Biol , vol.2 , Issue.11 , pp. 377
    • Rudic, R.D.1    McNamara, P.2    Curtis, A.M.3    Boston, R.C.4    Panda, S.5    Hogenesch, J.B.6
  • 203
    • 63149163425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment
    • F.A. Scheer, M.F. Hilton, C.S. Mantzoros, and S.A. Shea Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 11 2009 4453 4458
    • (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.106 , Issue.11 , pp. 4453-4458
    • Scheer, F.A.1    Hilton, M.F.2    Mantzoros, C.S.3    Shea, S.A.4
  • 205
    • 0344701101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei amplify circadian rhythms: Do they contain a food-entrained endogenous oscillator?
    • S. Choi, L.S. Wong, C. Yamat, and M.F. Dallman Hypothalamic ventromedial nuclei amplify circadian rhythms: do they contain a food-entrained endogenous oscillator? J Neurosci 18 10 1998 3843 3852
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , Issue.10 , pp. 3843-3852
    • Choi, S.1    Wong, L.S.2    Yamat, C.3    Dallman, M.F.4
  • 206
    • 33344469291 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of food-entrainable circadian rhythms
    • J.J. Gooley, A. Schomer, and C.B. Saper The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is critical for the expression of food-entrainable circadian rhythms Nat Neurosci 9 3 2006 398 407
    • (2006) Nat Neurosci , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 398-407
    • Gooley, J.J.1    Schomer, A.2    Saper, C.B.3
  • 207
    • 33744830296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Search for the feeding-entrainable circadian oscillator: A complex proposition
    • A.J. Davidson Search for the feeding-entrainable circadian oscillator: a complex proposition Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290 6 2006 R1524 R1526
    • (2006) Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.290 , Issue.6
    • Davidson, A.J.1
  • 208
    • 64049092743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standards of evidence in chronobiology: Critical review of a report that restoration of Bmal1 expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus is sufficient to restore circadian food anticipatory rhythms in Bmal1 -/- mice
    • R.E. Mistlberger, R.M. Buijs, E. Challet, C. Escobar, G.J. Landry, and A. Kalsbeek Standards of evidence in chronobiology: critical review of a report that restoration of Bmal1 expression in the dorsomedial hypothalamus is sufficient to restore circadian food anticipatory rhythms in Bmal1 -/- mice J Circadian Rhythms 7 2009 3
    • (2009) J Circadian Rhythms , vol.7 , pp. 3
    • Mistlberger, R.E.1    Buijs, R.M.2    Challet, E.3    Escobar, C.4    Landry, G.J.5    Kalsbeek, A.6
  • 209
    • 79251538681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythms: Redox redux
    • J. Bass, and J.S. Takahashi Circadian rhythms: redox redux Nature 469 7331 2011 476 478
    • (2011) Nature , vol.469 , Issue.7331 , pp. 476-478
    • Bass, J.1    Takahashi, J.S.2
  • 210
    • 84855508881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When brain clocks lose track of time: Cause or consequence of neuropsychiatric disorders
    • J.S. Menet, and M. Rosbash When brain clocks lose track of time: cause or consequence of neuropsychiatric disorders Curr Opin Neurobiol 21 6 2011 849 857
    • (2011) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 849-857
    • Menet, J.S.1    Rosbash, M.2
  • 211
    • 80051529262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting effects of leptin on food anticipatory and total locomotor activity
    • A.C. Ribeiro, G. Ceccarini, C. Dupre, J.M. Friedman, D.W. Pfaff, and A.L. Mark Contrasting effects of leptin on food anticipatory and total locomotor activity PLoS One 6 8 2011 e23364
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6 , Issue.8 , pp. 23364
    • Ribeiro, A.C.1    Ceccarini, G.2    Dupre, C.3    Friedman, J.M.4    Pfaff, D.W.5    Mark, A.L.6
  • 212
    • 0033003942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced food-anticipatory circadian rhythms in the genetically obese Zucker rat
    • R.E. Mistlberger, and E.G. Marchant Enhanced food-anticipatory circadian rhythms in the genetically obese Zucker rat Physiol Behav 66 2 1999 329 335
    • (1999) Physiol Behav , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 329-335
    • Mistlberger, R.E.1    Marchant, E.G.2
  • 213
    • 1842536210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trophic action of leptin on hypothalamic neurons that regulate feeding
    • S.G. Bouret, S.J. Draper, and R.B. Simerly Trophic action of leptin on hypothalamic neurons that regulate feeding Science 304 5667 2004 108 110
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , Issue.5667 , pp. 108-110
    • Bouret, S.G.1    Draper, S.J.2    Simerly, R.B.3
  • 214
    • 36148970870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is not necessary for the expression of circadian food-anticipatory activity in rats
    • G.J. Landry, G.R. Yamakawa, I.C. Webb, R.J. Mear, and R.E. Mistlberger The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is not necessary for the expression of circadian food-anticipatory activity in rats J Biol Rhythms 22 6 2007 467 478
    • (2007) J Biol Rhythms , vol.22 , Issue.6 , pp. 467-478
    • Landry, G.J.1    Yamakawa, G.R.2    Webb, I.C.3    Mear, R.J.4    Mistlberger, R.E.5
  • 215
    • 64049111593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is not necessary for food-anticipatory circadian rhythms of behavior, temperature or clock gene expression in mice
    • T. Moriya, R. Aida, T. Kudo, M. Akiyama, M. Doi, and N. Hayasaka The dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus is not necessary for food-anticipatory circadian rhythms of behavior, temperature or clock gene expression in mice Eur J Neurosci 29 7 2009 1447 1460
    • (2009) Eur J Neurosci , vol.29 , Issue.7 , pp. 1447-1460
    • Moriya, T.1    Aida, R.2    Kudo, T.3    Akiyama, M.4    Doi, M.5    Hayasaka, N.6
  • 216
    • 79952068857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SF-1 in the ventral medial hypothalamic nucleus: A key regulator of homeostasis
    • K.W. Kim, J.W. Sohn, D. Kohno, Y. Xu, K. Williams, and J.K. Elmquist SF-1 in the ventral medial hypothalamic nucleus: a key regulator of homeostasis Mol Cell Endocrinol 336 1-2 2011 219 223
    • (2011) Mol Cell Endocrinol , vol.336 , Issue.12 , pp. 219-223
    • Kim, K.W.1    Sohn, J.W.2    Kohno, D.3    Xu, Y.4    Williams, K.5    Elmquist, J.K.6
  • 217
    • 0021236291 scopus 로고
    • Recovery of anticipatory activity to restricted feeding in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions
    • R.E. Mistlberger, and A. Rechtschaffen Recovery of anticipatory activity to restricted feeding in rats with ventromedial hypothalamic lesions Physiol Behav 33 2 1984 227 235
    • (1984) Physiol Behav , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-235
    • Mistlberger, R.E.1    Rechtschaffen, A.2
  • 218
    • 79960428264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurobiology of food anticipatory circadian rhythms
    • R.E. Mistlberger Neurobiology of food anticipatory circadian rhythms Physiol Behav 104 2011 535 545
    • (2011) Physiol Behav , vol.104 , pp. 535-545
    • Mistlberger, R.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.