Interaction of Agouti protein with the melanocortin 1 receptor in vitro and in vivo

Genes and Development

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 316-330

  Ollmann, Michael M ^a   Lamoreux, M Lynn ^b   Wilson, Brent D ^a   Barsh, Gregory S ^a  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Agouti; Melanocortin receptor; Mouse coat color; Obesity; Pigmentation

Indexed keywords

INTERMEDIN; MELANOCORTIN RECEPTOR;

ARTICLE; BODY WEIGHT; CHINCHILLA; HAIR COLOR; HORMONAL REGULATION; HORMONE RELEASE; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; RECEPTOR AFFINITY; RECEPTOR BINDING; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION;

AGOUTI; MAMMALIA; MELANOPHORA;

EID: 0032005006     PISSN: 08909369     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.3.316     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Adan, R.A.H., M. Vanderkraan, R.P. Doornbos, P.R. Bar, and J.P.H. Burbach. 1996. Melanocortin receptors mediate alpha-MSH-induced stimulation of neurite outgrowth in neuro 2A cells. Mol. Brain Res. 36: 37-44.
2. Barsh, G.S. 1996. The genetics of pigmentation: From fancy genes to complex traits. Trends Genet. 12: 299-305.
3. Blanchard, S.G., C.O. Harris, O.R.R. Ittoop, J.S. Nichols, D.J. Parks, A.T. Truesdale, and W.O. Wilkison. 1995. Agouti antagonism of melanocortin binding and action in the B16F10 murine melanoma cell line. Biochemistry 34: 10406-10411.
4. Bultman, S.J., E.J. Michaud, and R.P. Woychik. 1992. Molecular characterization of the mouse agouti locus. Cell 71: 1195-1204.
5. Chhajlani, V. and J.E.S. Wikberg. 1992. Molecular cloning and expression of the human melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor cDNA. FEBS Lett. 309: 417-420.
6. Cone, R.D., D. Lu, S. Koppula, D.I. Vage, H. Klungland, B. Boston, W. Chen, D.N. Orth, C. Pouton, and R.A. Kesterson. 1996. The melanocortin receptors: Agonists, antagonists, and the hormonal control of pigmentation. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 51: 287-318.
7. Conklin, B.R. and H.R. Bourne. 1993. Mouse coat colour reconsidered. Nature 364: 110.
8. Dores, R.M., L.K. McDonald, T.C. Steveson, and C.A. Sei. 1990. The molecular evolution of neuropeptides: Prospects for the '90s. Brain Behav. Evol. 36: 80-99.
9. Eberle, A.N. 1988. The melanotropins. Chemistry, physiology and mechanism of action. Karger, Basel.
10. Fan, W., B.A. Boston, R.A. Kesterson, V.J. Hruby, and R.D. Cone. 1997. Role of melanocortinergic neurons in feeding and the agouti obesity syndrome. Nature 385: 165-168.
11. Feldman, H.W. 1935. A fifth allelomorph in the albino series of the house mouse. J. Mammal. 16: 207-210.
12. Gantz, I., H. Miwa, Y. Konda, Y. Shimoto, T. Tashiro, S.J. Watson, J. Delvalle, and T. Yamada. 1993. Molecular cloning, expression, and gene localization of a 4th melanocortin receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 15174-15179.
13. Geschwind, I.I. 1966. Change in hair color in mice induced by injection of α MSH. Endocrinology 79: 1165-1167.
14. Guan, X.M., T.S. Kobilka, and B.K. Kobilka. 1992. Enhancement of membrane insertion and function in a type IIIb membrane protein following introduction of a cleavable signal peptide. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 21995-21998.
15. Haskell-Luevano, C., T.K. Sawyer, S. Hendrata, C. North, L. Panahinia, M. Stum, D.J. Staples, A.M.D. Castrucci, M.E. Hadley, and V.J. Hruby. 1996a. Truncation studies of alpha-melanotropin peptides identify tripeptide analogues exhibiting prolonged agonist bioactivity. Peptides 17: 995-1002.
16. Haskell-Luevano, C., T.K. Sawyer, S. Trumpp-Kallmeyer, J.A. Bikker, C. Humblet, I. Gantz, and V.J. Hruby. 1996b. Three-dimensional molecular models of the hMC1R melanocortin receptor: Complexes with melanotropin peptide agonists. Drug Design Discov. 14: 197-211.
17. Huang, Q.H., M.L. Entwistle, J.D. Alvaro, R.S. Duman, V.J. Hruby, and J.B. Tatro. 1997. Antipyretic role of endogenous melanocortins mediated by central melanocortin receptors during endotoxin-induced fever. J. Neurosci. 17: 3343-3351.
18. Hunt, G. and A.J. Thody. 1995. Agouti protein can act independently of melanocyte-stimulating hormone to inhibit melanogenesis. J. Endocrinol. 147: R1-R4.
19. Huszar, D., C.A. Lynch, V. FairchildHuntress, J.H. Dunmore, Q. Fang, L.R. Berkemeier, W. Gu, R.A. Kesterson, B.A. Boston, R.D. Cone et al. 1997. Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor results in obesity in mice. Cell 88: 131-141.
20. Jackson, I.J. 1993. Molecular genetics. Colour-coded switches. Nature 362: 587-588.
21. Jayawickreme, C.K., J.M. Quillan, G.F. Graminski, and M.R. Lerner. 1994. Discovery and structure-function analysis of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonists. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 29846-29854.
22. Jones, B.H., J.H. Kim, M.B. Zemel, R.P. Woychik, E.J. Michaud, W.O. Wilkison, and N. Moustaid. 1996. Upregulation of adipocyte metabolism by agouti protein: Possible paracrine actions in yellow mouse obesity. Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. 33: E192-E196.
23. Kenakin, T.P. 1982. The Schild regression in the process of receptor classification. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 60: 249-265.
24. Kiefer, L.L., O.R.R. Ittoop, K. Bunce, A.T. Truesdale, D.H. Willard, J.S. Nichols, S.G. Blanchard, K. Mountjoy, W.J. Chen, and W.O. Wilkison. 1997. Mutations in the carboxyl terminus of the agouti protein decrease agouti inhibition of ligand binding to the melanocortin receptors. Biochemistry 36: 2084-2090.
25. Kim, J.H., R.L. Mynatt, J.W. Moore, R.P. Woychik, N. Moustaid, and M.B. Zemel. 1996. The effects of calcium channel blockade on agouti-induced obesity. FASEB J. 10: 1646-1652.
26. Kobayashi, T., W.D. Vieira, B. Potterf, C. Sakai, G. Imokawa, and V.J. Hearing. 1995. Modulation of melanogenic protein expression during the switch from eu-to pheomelanogenesis. J. Cell Sci. 108: 2301-2309.
27. Lefkowitz, R.J., S. Cotecchia, M.A. Kjelsberg, J. Pitcher, W.J. Koch, J. Inglese, and M.G. Caron. 1993. Adrenergic receptors: Recent insights into their mechanism of activation and desensitization. Adv. Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res. 28: 1-9.
28. Li, S.J., K. Varga, P. Archer, V.J. Hruby, S.D. Sharma, R.A. Kesterson, R.D. Cone, and G. Kunos. 1996. Melanocortin antagonists define two distinct pathways of cardiovascular control by alpha- and gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormones. J. Neurosci. 16: 5182-5188.
29. Lu, D.S., D. Willard, I.R. Patel, S. Kadwell, L. Overton, T. Kost, M. Luther, W.B. Chen, R.P. Woychik, W.O. Wilkison, and R.D. Cone. 1994. Agouti protein is an antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating-hormone receptor. Nature 371: 799-802.
30. Manne, J., A.C. Argeson, and L.D. Siracusa. 1995. Mechanisms for the pleiotropic effects of the agouti gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92: 4721-4724.
31. Michaud, E.J., S.J. Bultman, M.L. Klebig, M.J. van Vugt, L.J. Stubbs, L.B. Russell, and R.P. Woychik. 1994. A molecular model for the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the mouse lethal yellow (Ay) mutation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 2562-2566.
32. Millar, S.E., M.W. Miller, M.E. Stevens, and G.S. Barsh. 1995. Expression and transgenic studies of the mouse agouti gene provide insight into the mechanisms by which mammalian coat color patterns are generated. Development 121: 3223-3232.
33. Miller, K.A., T.M. Gunn, M.M. Carrasquillo, M.L. Lamoreux, D.B. Galbraith, and G.S. Barsh. 1997. Genetic studies of the mouse mutations mahogany and mahoganoid. Genetics 146: 1407-1415.
34. Miller, M.W., D.M.J. Duhl, H. Vrieling, S.P. Cordes, M.M. Ollmann, B.M. Winkes, and G.S. Barsh. 1993. Cloning of the mouse agouti gene predicts a secreted protein ubiquitously expressed in mice carrying the Lethal-Yellow mutation. Genes & Dev. 7: 454-467.
35. Miwa, H., I. Gantz, Y. Konda, Y. Shimoto, and T. Yamada. 1995. Structural determinants of the melanocortin peptides required for activation of melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptors. J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther. 273: 367-372.
36. Mountjoy, K.G., L.S. Robbins, M.T. Mortrud, and R.D. Cone. 1992. The cloning of a family of genes that encode the melanocortin receptors. Science 257: 1248-1251.
37. Movaghar, M. 1989. Tyrosinase activity in the first coat of agouti and black mice. Pigment Cell Res. 2: 401-407.
38. Mynatt, R.L., R.J. Miltenberger, M.L. Klebig, M.B. Zemel, J.E. Wilkinson, W.O. Wilkinson, and R.P. Woychik. 1997. Combined effects of insulin treatment and adipose tissue-specific agouti expression on the development of obesity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 94: 919-922.
39. Olivera, B.M., J. Rivier, J.K. Scott, D.R. Hillyard, and L.J. Cruz. 1991. Conotoxins. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 22067-22070.
40. Ollmann, M.M., B.D. Wilson, Y.-K. Yang, J.A. Kerns, Y. Chen, I. Gantz, and G.S. Barsh. 1997. Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by Agouti-related protein. Science 278: 135-138.
41. Potenza, M.N. and M.R. Lerner. 1992. A rapid quantitative bio-assay for evaluating the effects of ligands upon receptors that modulate cAMP levels in a melanophore cell line. Pigment Cell Res. 5: 372-378.
42. Prota, G. 1992. Melanins and melanogenesis. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
43. Prota, G., M.L. Lamoreux, J. Muller, T. Kobayashi, A. Napolitano, M.R. Vincensi, C. Sakai, and V.J. Hearing. 1995. Comparative analysis of melanins and melanosomes produced by various coat color mutants. Pigm. Cell Res. 8: 153-163.
44. Prusis, P., P.A. Frandberg, R. Muceniece, I. Kalvinsh, and J.E. Wikberg. 1995. A three dimensional model for the interaction of MSH with the melanocortin-1 receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 210: 205-210.
45. Quistad, G.B. and W.S. Skinner. 1994. Isolation and sequencing of insecticidal peptides from the primitive hunting spider, Plectreurys tristis (Simon). J. Biol. Chem. 269: 11098-11101.
46. Robbins, L.S., J.H. Nadeau, K.R. Johnson, M.A. Kelly, L. Rosellirehfuss, E. Baack, K.G. Mountjoy, and R.D. Cone. 1993. Pigmentation phenotypes of variant extension locus alleles result from point mutations that alter MSH receptor function. Cell 72: 827-834.
47. Sakai, C., M. Ollmann, T. Kobayashi, Z. Abdel-Malek, J. Muller, W.D. Vieira, G. Imokawa, G.S. Barsh, and V.J. Hearing. 1997. Modulation of murine melanocyte function in vitro by agouti signal protein. EMBO J. 16: 3544-3552.
48. Sasai, Y., B. Lu, H. Steinbeisser, and E.M. De Robertis. 1995. Regulation of neural induction by the Chd and Bmp-4 antagonistic patterning signals in Xenopus. Nature 376: 333-336.
49. Searle, A.G. and C.V. Beechey. 1970. The phenotypic effects of d, In and cch on Ay, e and wild type. Mouse News Lett. 42: 28.
50. Shutter, J.R., M. Graham, A.C. Kinsey, S. Scully, R. Luthy, and K.L. Stark. 1997. Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice. Genes & Dev. 11: 593-602.
51. Siegrist, W., D.H. Willard, W.O. Wilkison, and A.N. Eberle. 1996. Agouti protein inhibits growth of b16 melanoma cells in vitro by acting through melanocortin receptors. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 218: 171-175.
52. Siegrist, W., R. Drozdz, R. Cotti, D.H. Willard, W.O. Wilkison, and A.N. Eberle. 1997. Interactions of alpha-melanotropin and agouti on B16 melanoma cells: Evidence for inverse agonism of agouti. J. Recep. Signal Transductor Res. 17: 75-98.
53. Silvers, W.K. 1979a. The agouti and extension series of alleles, umbrous and sable. In The coat colors of mice. pp. 6-44. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
54. _. 1979b. Recessive yellow and lethal yellow: Similarities and differences. In The coat colors of mice. pp. 30-31. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY.
55. Siracusa, L.D. 1994. The agouti gene: Turned on to yellow. Trends Genet. 10: 423-428.
56. Suzuki, I., A. Tada, M.M. Ollmann, G.S. Barsh, S. Im, M.L. Lamoreux, V.J. Hearing, J.J. Nordlund, and Z.A. AbdelMalek. 1997. Agouti signaling protein inhibits melanogenesis and the response of human melanocytes to alpha-melanotropin. J. Invest. Dermatol. 108: 838-842.
57. Vage, D.I., D.S. Lu, H. Klungland, S. Lien, S. Adalsteinsson, and R.D. Cone. 1997. A non-epistatic interaction of agouti and extension in the fox, Vulpes vulpes. Nature Genet. 15: 311-315.
58. Vrieling, H., D.M. Duhl, S.E. Millar, K.A. Miller, and G.S. Barsh. 1994. Differences in dorsal and ventral pigmentation result from regional expression of the mouse agouti gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 91: 5667-5671.
59. Willard, D.H., W. Bodnar, C. Harris, L. Kiefer, J.S. Nichols, S. Blanchard, C. Hoffman, M. Moyer, W. Burkhart, J. Weiel et al. 1995. Agouti structure and function: Characterization of a potent alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor antagonist. Biochemistry 34: 12341-12346.
60. Yang, Y.K., M.M. Ollmann, B.D. Wilson, C. Dickinson, T. Yamada, G.S. Barsh, and I. Gantz. 1997. Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action. Mol. Endocrinol. 11: 274-280.
61. Zemel, M.B., J.H. Kim, R.P. Woychik, E.J. Michaud, S.H. Kadwell, I.R. Patel, and W.O. Wilkison. 1995. Agouti regulation of intracellular calcium: Role in the insulin resistance of viable yellow mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92: 4733-4737.