LRP in amyloid-β production and metabolism

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Volumn 1086, Issue , 2006, Pages 35-53

  Bu, Guojun ^a   Cam, Judy ^a   Zerbinatti, Celina ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; APP; A ; LDL receptor; LRP; LRP1B

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR; LRP1B PROTEIN, HUMAN; LRP1B PROTEIN, MOUSE; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BINDING AFFINITY; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CONFERENCE PAPER; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; ENDOCYTOSIS; ENDOSOME; HUMAN; LABORATORY; MEMORY; METABOLISM; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; ANIMAL; BIOSYNTHESIS; BRAIN; GENETICS; MOUSE; NERVE CELL; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

MUS MUSCULUS;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN; AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN PRECURSOR; ANIMALS; BRAIN; ENDOCYTOSIS; ENDOSOMES; HUMANS; LDL-RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEINS; MICE; MICE, TRANSGENIC; NEURONS; RECEPTORS, LDL; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS;

EID: 34250811784     PISSN: 00778923     EISSN: 17496632     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1196/annals.1377.005     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (149)

1. PIKE, C.J., A.J. WALENCEWICZ, C.G. GLABE, et al. 1991. In vitro aging of betaamyloid protein causes peptide aggregation and neurotoxicity. Brain Res. 563: 311-314.
2. PIKE, C.J., D. BURDICK, A.J. WALENCEWICZ, et al. 1993. Neurodegeneration induced by beta-amyloid peptides in vitro: the role of peptide assembly state. J. Neurosci. 13: 1676-1687.
3. LORENZO, A. & B.A. YANKNER. 1994. Beta-amyloid neurotoxicity requires fibril formation and is inhibited by congo red. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 12243-12247.
4. SCHENK, D.B., R.E. RYDEL, P. MAY, et al. 1995. Therapeutic approaches related to amyloid-beta peptide and Alzheimer's disease. J. Med. Chem. 38: 4141-4154.
5. HARDY, J. & K. GWINN-HARDY. 1998. Genetic classification of primary neurodegenerative disease. Science 282: 1075-1079.
6. ARRIAGADA, P.V., J.H. GROWDON, E.T. HEDLEY-WHYTE, et al. 1992. Neurofibrillary tangles but not senile plaques parallel duration and severity of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 42: 631-639.
7. CUMMINGS, B.J. & C.W. COTMAN. 1995. Image analysis of beta-amyloid load in Alzheimer's disease and relation to dementia severity. Lancet 346: 1524-1528.
8. NASLUND, J., V. HAROUTUNIAN, R. MOHS, et al. 2000. Correlation between elevated levels of amyloid beta-peptide in the brain and cognitive decline. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 283: 1571-1577.
9. IRIZARRY, M.C., M. MCNAMARA, K. FEDORCHAK, et al. 1997. APPSw transgenic mice develop age-related A beta deposits and neuropil abnormalities, but no neuronal loss in CA1. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 56: 965-973.
10. CHUI, D.H., H. TANAHASHI, K. OZAWA, et al. 1999. Transgenic mice with Alzheimer presenilin 1 mutations show accelerated neurodegeneration without amyloid plaque formation. Nat. Med. 5: 560-564.
11. HOLCOMB, L., M.N. GORDON, E. MCGOWAN, et al. 1998. Accelerated Alzheimer-type phenotype in transgenic mice carrying both mutant amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 transgenes. Nat. Med. 4: 97-100.
12. MOECHARS, D., I. DEWACHTER, K. LORENT, et al. 1999. Early phenotypic changes in transgenic mice that overexpress different mutants of amyloid precursor protein in brain. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 6483-6492.
13. HSIA, A.Y., E. MASLIAH, L. MCCONLOGUE, et al. 1999. Plaque-independent disruption of neural circuits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 3228-3233.
14. MUCKE, L., E. MASLIAH, G.-Q. YU, et al. 2000. High-level neuronal expression of Abeta 1-42 in wild-type human amyloid protein precursor transgenic mice: synaptotoxicity without plaque formation. J. Neurosci. 20: 4050-4058.
15. AKSENOVA, M.V., M.Y. AKSENOV, D.A. BUTTERFIELD, et al. 1996. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin interaction with A beta (1-40) inhibits fibril formation but does not affect the peptide toxicity. Neurosci. Lett. 211: 45-48.
16. FORLONI, G., E. LUCCA, N. ANGERETTI, et al. 1997. Amidation of beta-amyloid peptide strongly reduced the amyloidogenic activity without alteration of the neurotoxicity. J. Neurochem. 69: 2048-2054.
17. MONJI, A., K. TASHIRO, I. YOSHIDA, et al. 1999. Laminin inhibits both Abeta40 and Abeta42 fibril formation but does not affect Abeta40 or Abeta42-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Neurosci. Lett. 266: 85-88.
18. SOTO, C. 1999. Plaque busters: strategies to inhibit amyloid formation in Alzheimer's disease. Mol. Med. Today 5: 343-350.
19. KLEIN, W.L., G.A. KRAFFT & C.E. FINCH. 2001. Targeting small Abeta oligomers: the solution to an Alzheimer's disease conundrum? Trends Neurosci. 24: 219-224.
20. LANSBURY, P.T. Jr. 1999. Evolution of amyloid: what normal protein folding may tell us about fibrillogenesis and disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 3342-3344.
21. TERRY, R.D. 2001. An honorable compromise regarding amyloid in Alzheimer disease. Ann. Neurol. 49: 684.
22. HAASS, C. & H. STEINER. 2001. Protofibrils, the unifying toxic molecule of neurodegenerative disorders? Nat. Neurosci. 4: 859-860.
23. KUO, Y.M., M.R. EMMERLING, C. VIGO- PELFREY, et al. 1996.Water-soluble Abeta (N-40, N-42) oligomers in normal and Alzheimer disease brains. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 4077-4081.
24. ROHER, A.E., M.O. CHANEY, Y.M. KUO, et al. 1996. Morphology and toxicity of Abeta-(1-42) dimer derived from neuritic and vascular amyloid deposits of Alzheimer's disease. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 20631-20635.
25. ROHER, A.E., J. BAUDRY, M.O. CHANEY, et al. 2000. Oligomerizaiton and fibril assembly of the amyloid-beta protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1502: 31-43.
26. LUE, L.F., Y.M. KUO, A.E. ROHER, et al. 1999. Soluble amyloid beta peptide concentration as a predictor of synaptic change in Alzheimer's disease. Am. J. Pathol. 155: 853-862.
27. MCLEAN, C.A., R.A. CHERNY, F.W. FRASER, et al. 1999. Soluble pool of Abeta amyloid as a determinant of severity of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Ann. Neurol. 46: 860-866.
28. WALSH, D.M., I. KLYUBIN, J.V. FADEEVA, et al. 2002. Naturally secreted oligomers of amyloid beta protein potently inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation in vivo. Nature 416: 535-539.
29. ODA, T., P. WALS, H.H. OSTERBURG, et al. 1995. Clusterin (apoJ) alters the aggregation of amyloid beta-peptide (A beta 1-42) and forms slowly sedimenting A beta complexes that cause oxidative stress. Exp. Neurol. 136: 22-31.
30. LAMBERT, M.P., A.K. BARLOW, B.A. CHROMY, et al. 1998. Diffusible, nonfibrillar ligands derived from Abeta1-42 are potent central nervous system neurotoxins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 6448-6453.
31. HARTLEY, D.M., D.M. WALSH, C.P. YE, et al. 1999. Protofibrillar intermediates of amyloid beta-protein induce acute electrophysiological changes and progressive neurotoxicity in cortical neurons. J. Neurosci. 19: 8876-8884.
32. WANG, H.W., J.F. PASTERNAK, H. KUO, et al. 2002. Soluble oligomers of beta amyloid (1-42) inhibit long-term potentiation but not long-term depression in rat dentate gyrus. Brain Res. 924: 133-140.
33. MANELLI, A.M., W.B. STINE, L.J. VAN ELDIK, et al. 2004. ApoE and Abeta1-42 interactions: effects of isoform and conformation on structure and function. J. Mol. Neurosci. 23: 235-246.
34. DAHLGREN, K.N., A.M. MANELLI, W.B. STINE Jr., et al. 2002. Oligomeric and fibrillar species of amyloid-beta peptides differentially affect neuronal viability. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 32046-32053.
35. WALSH, D.M., D.M. HARTLEY, Y. KUSUMOTO, et al. 1999. Amyloid beta-protein fibrillogenesis. Structure and biological activity of protofibrillar intermediates. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 25945-25952.
36. DEMATTOS, R.B., K.R. BALES, D.J. CUMMINS, et al. 2001. Peripheral anti-A beta antibody alters CNS and plasma A beta clearance and decreases brain A beta burden in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98: 8850-8855.
37. DODART, J.C., K.R. BALES, K.S. GANNON, et al. 2002. Immunization reverses memory deficits without reducing brain Abeta burden in Alzheimer's disease model. Nat. Neurosci. 5: 452-457.
38. HARDY, J. & D.J. SELKOE. 2002. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease: progress and problems on the road to therapeutics. Science 297: 353-356.
39. SELKOE, D.J. 2002. Alzheimer's disease is a synaptic failure. Science 298: 789-791.
40. GOLDE, T.E. 2003. Alzheimer disease therapy: can the amyloid cascade be halted? J. Clin. Invest. 111: 11-18.
41. MOCHIZUKI, A., A. TAMAOKA, A. SHIMOHATA, et al. 2000. Abeta42-positive nonpyramidal neurons around amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 355: 42-43.
42. GOURAS, G.K., J. TSAI, J. NASLUND, et al. 2000. Intraneuronal Abeta42 accumulation in human brain. Am. J. Pathol. 156: 15-20.
43. SHIE, F.S., R.C. LEBOEUR & L.W. JIN. 2003. Early intraneuronal Abeta deposition in the hippocampus of APP transgenic mice. Neuroreport 14: 123-129.
44. TAKAHASHI, R.H., C.G. ALMEIDA, P.F. KEARNEY, et al. 2004. Oligomerization of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid within processes and synapses of cultured neurons and brain. J. Neurosci. 24: 3592-3599.
45. GLABE, C. 2001. Intracellular mechanisms of amyloid accumulation and pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. J. Mol. Neurosci. 17: 137-145.
46. ODDO, S., A. CACCAMO, J.D. SHEPHERD, et al. 2003. Triple-transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease with plaques and tangles: intracellular Abeta and synaptic dysfunction. Neuron 39: 409-421.
47. ODDO, S., L. BILLINGS, J.P. KESSLAK, et al. 2004. Abeta immunotherapy leads to clearance of early, but not late, hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates via the proteasome. Neuron 43: 321-332.
48. BILLINGS, L.M., S. ODDO, K.N. GREEN, et al. 2005. Intraneuronal Abeta causes the onset of early Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive deficits in transgenic mice. Neuron 45: 675-688.
49. GOLDE, T.E. & C. JANUS. 2005. Homing in on intracellular Abeta? Neuron 45: 639-642.
50. TAKAHASHI, R.H., T.A. MILNER, F. LI, et al. 2002. Intraneuronal Alzheimer abeta42 accumulates in multivesicular bodies and is associated with synaptic pathology. Am. J. Pathol. 161: 1869-1879.
51. CATALDO, A.M., S. PETANCESKA, N.B. TERIO, et al. 2004. Abeta localization in abnormal endosomes: association with earliest Abeta elevations in AD and Down syndrome. Neurobiol. Aging 25: 1263-1272.
52. NIXON, R.A. 2005. Endosome function and dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol. Aging 26: 373-382.
53. JIN, L.W., F.S. SHIE, I. MAEZAWA, et al. 2004. Intracellular accumulation of amyloidogenic fragments of amyloid-beta precursor protein in neurons with Niemann-Pick type C defects is associated with endosomal abnormalities. Am. J. Pathol. 164: 975-985.
54. SELKOE, D.J. 2001. Alzheimer's disease: genes, proteins, and therapy. Physiol. Rev. 81: 741-766.
55. SELKOE, D.J. 2002. Deciphering the genesis and fate of amyloid beta-protein yields novel therapies for Alzheimer disease. J. Clin. Invest. 110: 1375-1381.
56. VASSAR, R. & M. CITRON. 2000. Abeta-generating enzymes: recent advances in beta- and gamma-secretase research. Neuron 27: 419-422.
57. KOPAN, R. & A. GOATE. 2002. Aph-2/Nicastrin: an essential component of gamma-secretase and regulator of Notch signaling and Presenilin localization. Neuron 33: 321-324.
58. SELKOE, D. & R. KOPAN. 2003. Notch and Presenilin: regulated intramembrane proteolysis links development and degeneration. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 26: 565-597.
59. WOLFE, M.S. & R. KOPAN. 2004. Intramembrane proteolysis: theme and variations. Science 305: 1119-1123.
60. KOO, E.H. & S.L. SQUAZZO. 1994. Evidence that production and release of amyloid beta-protein involves the endocytic pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 17386-17389.
61. KOO, E.H., S.L. SQUAZZO, D.J. SELKOE, et al. 1996. Trafficking of cell-surface amyloid beta-protein precursor. I. Secretion, endocytosis and recycling as detected by labeled monoclonal antibody. J. Cell Sci. 109: 991-998.
62. LAI, A., S.S. SISODIA & I.S. TROWBRIDGE. 1995. Characterization of sorting signals in the beta-amyloid precursor protein cytoplasmic domain. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 3565-3573.
63. CESCATO, R., E. DUMERMUTH, M. SPIESS, et al. 2000. Increased generation of alternatively cleaved beta-amyloid peptides in cells expressing mutants of the amyloid precursor protein defective in endocytosis. J. Neurochem. 74: 1131-1139.
64. PEREZ, R.G., S. SORIANO, J.D. HAYES, et al. 1999. Mutagenesis identifies new signals for beta-amyloid precursor protein endocytosis, turnover, and the generation of secreted fragments, including Abeta42. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 18851-18856.
65. VASSAR, R., B.D. BENNETT, S. BABU-K HAN, et al. 1999. Beta-secretase cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein by the transmembrane aspartic protease BACE. Science 286: 735-741.
66. RAY, W.J., M. YAO, J. MUMM, et al. 1999. Cell surface presenilin-1 participates in the gamma-secretase-like proteolysis of Notch. J. Biol. Chem. 274: 36801-36807.
67. PASTERNAK, S.H., R.D. BAGSHAW, M. GUIRAL, et al. 2003. Presenilin-1, nicastrin, amyloid precursor protein, and gamma-secretase activity are co-localized in the lysosomal membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 278: 26687-26694.
68. PARVATHY, S., I. HUSSAIN, E.H. KARRAN, et al. 1999. Cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein by alpha-secretase occurs at the surface of neuronal cells. Biochemistry 38: 9728-9734.
69. HERZ, J. & H.H. BOCK. 2002. Lipoprotein receptors in the nervous system. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 71: 405-434.
70. HERZ, J., U. HAMANN, S. ROGNE, et al. 1988. Surface location and high affinity for calcium of a 500-kd liver membrane protein closely related to the LDL-receptor suggest a physiological role as lipoprotein receptor. EMBO J. 7: 4119-4127.
71. RAYCHOWDHURY, R., J.L. NILES, R.T. MCCLUSKEY, et al. 1989. Autoimmune target in Heymann nephritis is a glycoprotein with homology to the LDL receptor. Science 244: 1163-1165.
72. SAITO, A., S. PIETROMONACO, A.K. LOO, et al. 1994. Complete cloning and sequencing of rat gp330/"megalin," a distinctive member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 9725-9729.
73. TAKAKASHI, S., Y. KAWARABAYASI, T. NAKAI, et al. 1992. Rabbit very low density lipoprotein receptor: a lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-like protein with distinct ligand specificity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 9252-9256.
74. KIM, D.H., H. IIJIMA, K. GOTO, et al. 1996. Human apolipoprotein E receptor 2. A novel lipoprotein receptor of the low density lipoprotein receptor family predominantly expressed in brain. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 8373-8380.
75. NOVAK, S., T. HIESBERGER, W.J. SCHNEIDER, et al. 1996. A new low density lipoprotein receptor homologue with 8 ligand binding repeats in brain of chicken and mouse. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 11732-11736.
76. BRANDES, C., S. NOVAK, W. STOCKINGER, et al. 1997. Avian and murine LR8B and human apolipoprotein E receptor 2: differentially spliced products from corresponding genes. Genomics 42: 185-191.
77. JACOBSEN, L., P. MADSEN, S.K. MOESTRUP, et al. 1996. Molecular characterization of a novel human hybrid-type receptor that binds the alpha2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 31379-31383.
78. YAMAZAKI, H., H. BUJO, J. KUSONOKI, et al. 1996. Elements of neural adhesion molecules and a yeast vacuolar protein sorting receptor are present in a novel mammalian low density lipoprotein receptor family member. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 24761-24768.
79. KIM, D.H., Y. INAGAKI, T. SUZUKI, et al. 1998. A new low density lipoprotein receptor related protein, LRP5, is expressed in hepatocytes and adrenal cortex, and recognizes apolipoprotein E. J. Biochem. 124: 1072-1076.
80. HEY, P.J., R.C. TWELLS, M.S. PHILLIPS, et al. 1998. Cloning of a novel member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. Gene 216: 103-111.
81. BROWN, S.D., R.C. TWELLS, P.J. HEY, et al. 1998. Isolation and characterization of LRP6, a novel member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 248: 879-888.
82. LIU, C.X., S. MUSCO, N.M. LISITSINA, et al. 2000. LRP-DIT, a putative endocytic receptor gene, is frequently inactivated in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Cancer Res. 60: 1961-1967.
83. LI, Y., J. CAM & G. BU. 2001. Low-density lipoprotein receptor family: endocytosis and signal transduction. Mol. Neurobiol. 23: 53-67.
84. JEON, H., W. MENG, J. TAKAGI, et al. 2001. Implications for familial hypercholesterolemia from the structure of the LDL receptor YWTD-EGF domain pair. Nat. Struct. Biol. 8: 499-504.
85. BU, G. 1998. Receptor-associated protein: a specialized chaperone and antagonist for members of the LDL receptor gene family. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 9: 149-155.
86. BU, G., H.J. GEUZE, G.J. STROUS, et al. 1995. 39 kDa receptor-associated protein is an ER resident protein and molecular chaperone for LDL receptor-related protein. EMBO J. 14: 2269-2280.
87. WILLNOW, T.E., A. ROHLMANN, J. HORTON, et al. 1996. RAP, a specialized chaperone, prevents ligand-induced ER retention and degradation of LDL receptorrelated endocytic receptors. EMBO J. 15: 2632-2639.
88. BU, G. & S. RENNKE. 1996. Receptor-associated protein is a folding chaperone for low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 22218-22224.
89. BU, G. & M.P. MARZOLO. 2000. Role of RAP in the biogenesis of lipoprotein receptors. Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 10: 148-155.
90. HERZ, J., M. GOTTHARDT & T.E. WILLNOW. 2000. Cellular signalling by lipoprotein receptors. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 11: 161-166.
91. HERZ, J. 2001. The LDL receptor gene family: (un)expected signal transducers in the brain. Neuron 29: 571-581.
92. TROMMSDORFF, M., M. GOTTHARDT, T. HIESBERGER, et al. 1999. Reeler/Disabled-like disruption of neuronal migration in knockout mice lacking the VLDL receptor and ApoE receptor 2. Cell 97: 689-701.
93. PINSON, K.I., J. BRENNAN, S. MONKLEY, et al. 2000. An LDL-receptor-related protein mediates Wnt signalling in mice. Nature 407: 535-538.
94. TAMAI, K., M. SEMENOV, Y. KATO, et al. 2000. LDL-receptor-related proteins in Wnt signal transduction. Nature 407: 530-535.
95. WEHRLI, M., S.T. DOUGAN, K. CALDWELL, et al. 2000. Arrow encodes an LDL-receptor-related protein essential forWingless signalling. Nature 407: 527-530.
96. TROMMSDORFF, R., J.P. BORG, B. MARGOLIS, et al. 1998. Interaction of cytosolic adaptor proteins with neuronal apolipoprotein E receptors and the amyloid precursor protein. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 33556-33560.
97. HOWELL, B.W., L.M. LANIER, R. FRANK, et al. 1999. The disabled 1 phosphotyrosine-binding domain binds to the internalization signals of transmembrane glycoproteins and to phospholipids. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 5179-5188.
98. GOTTHARDT, M., M. TROMMSDORFF, M.F. NEVITT, et al. 2000. Interactions of the lowdensity lipoprotein receptor gene family with cytosolic adaptor and scaffold proteins suggest diverse biological functions in cellular communication and signal transduction. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 25616-25624.
99. STOCKINGER, W., C. BRANDES, D. FASCHING, et al. 2000. The reelin receptor ApoER2 recruits JNK-interacting proteins-1 and -2. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 25625-25632.
100. OLEINIKOV, A.V., J. ZHAO & S.P. MAKKER. 2000. Cytosolic adaptor protein Dab2 is an intracellular ligand of endocytic receptor gp600/megalin. Biochem. J. 347: 613-621.
101. KRIEGER, M. & J. HERZ. 1994. Structures and functions of multiligand lipoprotein receptors: macrophage scavenger receptors and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP). Annu. Rev. Biochem. 63: 601-637.
102. HERZ, J. & D.K. STRICKLAND. 2001. LRP: a multifunctional scavenger and signaling receptor. J. Clin. Invest. 108: 779-784.
103. HERZ, J., R.C. KOWAL, J.L. GOLDSTEIN, et al. 1990. Proteolytic processing of the 600 kd low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) occurs in a trans-Golgi compartment. EMBO J. 9: 1769-1776.
104. DEANE, R., Z. WU, A. SAGARE, et al. 2004. LRP/amyloid beta-peptide interaction mediates differential brain efflux of Abeta isoforms. Neuron 43: 333-344.
105. HERZ, J., D.E. CLOUTHIER & R.E. HAMMER. 1992. LDL receptor-related protein internalizes and degrades uPA-PAI-1 complexes and is essential for embryo implantation. Cell 71: 411-421.
106. HERZ, J., D.E. COUTHIER & R.E. HAMMER. 1993. Correction:LDLreceptor-related protein internalizes and degrades uPA-PAI-1 complexes and is essential for embryo implantation. Cell 73: 428.
107. GORETZKI, L. & B.M. MUELLER. 1998. Low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related protein (LRP) interacts with a GTP-binding protein. Biochem. J. 336: 381-386.
108. ZHUO, M., D.M. HOLTZMAN, Y. LI, et al. 2000. Role of tissue plasminogen activator receptor LRP in hippocampal long-termpotentiation. J. Neurosci. 20: 542-549.
109. MISRA, U.K., G. GAWDI & S.V. PIZZO. 1999. Ligation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein with antibodies elevates intracellular calcium and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in macrophages. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 372: 238-247.
110. BACSKAI, B.J., M.Q. XIA, D.K. STRICKLAND, et al. 2000. The endocytic receptor protein LRP also mediates neuronal calcium signaling via N-methyl-Daspartate receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 11551-11556.
111. LUTZ, C., J. NIMPF, M. JENNY, et al. 2002. Evidence of functional modulation of the MEKK/JNK/cJun signaling cascade by the lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). J. Biol. Chem. 277: 43143-43151.
112. LOUKINOVA, E., S. RANGANATHAN, S. KUZNETSOV, et al. 2002. PDGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP): evidence for integrated co-receptor function between LRP and the PDGF receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 15499-15506.
113. BOUCHER, P., P. LIU, M. GOTTHARDT, et al. 2002. PDGF mediates tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) in caveolae. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 15507-15513.
114. LI, Y., M.P. MARZOLO, P. KERKHOF, et al. 2000. The YXXL motif, but not the two NPXY motifs, serves as the dominant endocytosis signal For LDL receptorrelated protein (LRP). J. Biol. Chem. 275: 17187-17194.
115. LI, Y., P. VAN KERKHOF, M.P. MARZOLO, et al. 2001. Identification of a major cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A phosphorylation site within the cytoplasmic tail of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein: implication for receptor-mediated endocytosis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21: 1185-1195.
116. CHEN, W.J., J.L. GOLDSTEIN & M.S. BROWN. 1990. NPXY, a sequence often found in cytoplasmic tails, is required for coated pit-mediated internalization of the low density lipoprotein receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 3116-3123.
117. LI, Y., W. LU, M.P. MARZOLO, et al. 2001. Differential functions of members of the low density lipoprotein receptor family suggested by their distinct endocytosis rates. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 18000-18006.
118. LIU, C.X., Y. LI, L.M. OBERMOELLER-MCCORMICK, et al. 2001. The putative tumor suppressor LRP1B, a novel member of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family, exhibits both overlapping and distinct properties with the LDL receptor-related protein. J. Biol. Chem. 276: 28889-28896.
119. STRITTMATTER, W.J., A.M. SAUNDERS, D. SCHMECHEL, et al. 1993. Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to beta-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 1977-1981.
120. CORDER, E.H., A.M. SAUNDERS, W.J. STRITTMATTER, et al. 1993. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science 261: 921-923.
121. JARVIK, G.P., E.M. WIJSMAN, W.A. KUKULL, et al. 1995. Interactions of apolipoprotein E genotype, total cholesterol level, age, and sex in prediction of Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study. Neurology 45: 1092-1096.
122. HOFMAN, A., A. OTT, M.M. BRETELER, et al. 1997. Atherosclerosis, apolipoprotein E, and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 349: 151-154.
123. JICK, H., G.L. ZORNBERG, S.S. JICK, et al. 2000. Statins and the risk of dementia. Lancet 356: 1627-1631.
124. EHEHALT, R., P. KELLER, C. HAASS, et al. 2003. Amyloidogenic processing of the Alzheimer beta-amyloid precursor protein depends on lipid rafts. J. Cell Biol. 160: 113-123.
125. BURNS, M. & K. DUFF. 2003. Use of in vivo models to study the role of cholesterol in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem. Res. 28: 979-986.
126. REBECK, G.W., S.D. HARR, D.K. STRICKLAND, et al. 1995. Multiple, diverse senile plaque-associated proteins are ligands of an apolipoprotein E receptor, the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor/low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Ann. Neurol. 37: 211-217.
127. HOLLISTER, R.D., W. KISIEL & B.T. HYMAN. 1996. Immunohistochemical localization of tissue factor pathway inhibitor-1 (TFPI-1), a Kunitz proteinase inhibitor, in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res. 728: 13-19.
128. ARELIN, K., A. KINOSHITA, C.M. WHELAN, et al. 2002. LRP and senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease: co-localization with apolipoprotein E and with activated astrocytes. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 104: 38-46.
129. KANG, D.E., T. SAITOH, X. CHEN, et al. 1997. Genetic association of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein gene (LRP), an apolipoprotein E receptor, with late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 49: 56-61.
130. LENDON, C.L., C.J. TALBOT, N.J. CRADDOCK, et al. 1997. Genetic association studies between dementia of the Alzheimer's type and three receptors for apolipoprotein E in a Caucasian population. Neurosci. Lett. 222: 187-190.
131. KANG, D.E., C.U. PIETRZIK, L. BAUM, et al. 2000. Modulation of amyloid beta-protein clearance and Alzheimer's disease susceptibility by the LDL receptor-related protein pathway. J. Clin. Invest. 106: 1159-1166.
132. BLACKER, D., M.A. WILCOX, N.M. LAIRD, et al. 1998. Alpha-2 macroglobulin is genetically associated with Alzheimer disease. Nat. Genet. 19: 357-360.
133. KOUNNAS, M.Z., R.D. MOIR, G.W. REBECK, et al. 1995. LDL receptor-related protein, a multifunctional ApoE receptor, binds secreted beta-amyloid precursor protein and mediates its degradation. Cell 82: 331-340.
134. KNAUER, M.F., R.A. ORLANDO & C.G. GLABE. 1996. Cell surface APP751 forms complexes with protease nexin 2 ligands and is internalized via the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). Brain Res. 740: 6-14.
135. PIETRZIK, C.U., T. BUSSE, D.E. MERRIAM, et al. 2002. The cytoplasmic domain of the LDL receptor-related protein regulates multiple steps in APP processing. EMBO J. 21: 5691-5700.
136. PIETRZIK, C.U., I.S. YOON, S. JAEGER, et al. 2004. FE65 constitutes the functional link between the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and the amyloid precursor protein. J. Neurosci. 24: 4259-4265.
137. KINOSHITA, A., C.M. WHELAN, C.J. SMITH, et al. 2001. Demonstration by fluorescence resonance energy transfer of two sites of interaction between the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein and the amyloid precursor protein: role of the intracellular adapter protein Fe65. J. Neurosci. 21: 8354-8361.
138. ULERY, P.G., J. BEERS, I. MIKHAILENKO, et al. 2000. Modulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein processing by the lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). Evidence that LRP contributes to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J. Biol. Chem. 275: 7410-7415.
139. CAM, J.A., C.V. ZERBINATTI, Y. LI, et al. 2005. Rapid endocytosis of the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein modulates cell surface distribution and processing of the beta-amyloid precursor protein. J. Biol. Chem. 280: 15464-15470.
140. OBERMOELLER-MCCORMICK, L., Y. LI, H. OSAKA, et al. 2001. Dissection of receptor folding and ligand-binding property with functional minireceptors of LDL receptor-related protein. J. Cell Sci. 114: 899-908.
141. ZERBINATTI, C.V., D.F. WOZNIAK, J. CIRRITO, et al. 2004. Increased soluble amyloid-beta peptide and memory deficits in amyloid model mice overexpressing the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101: 1075-1080.
142. LIU, C.X., S. MUSCO, N.M. LISITSINA, et al. 2000. Genomic organization of a new candidate tumor suppressor gene, LRP1B. Genomics 69: 271-274.
143. LI, Y., J.M. KNISELY, W. LU, et al. 2002. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 1B impairs urokinase receptor regeneration on the cell surface and inhibits cell migration. J. Biol. Chem. 277: 42366-42371.
144. CAM, J.A., C.V. ZERBINATTI, J.M. KNISELY, et al. 2004. The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B retains beta-amyloid precursor protein at the cell surface and reduces amyloid-beta peptide production. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 29639-29646.
145. HOE, H.S., D. WESSNER, U. BEFFERT, et al. 2005. F-spondin interaction with the apolipoprotein E receptor ApoEr2 affects processing of amyloid precursor protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25: 9259-9268.
146. ANDERSEN, O.M., J. REICHE, V. SCHMIDT, et al. 2005. Neuronal sorting proteinrelated receptor sorLA/LR11 regulates processing of the amyloid precursor protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 13461-13466.
147. SPOELGEN, R., C.A. VON ARNIM, A.V. THOMAS, et al. 2006. Interaction of the cytosolic domains of sorLA/LR11 with the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-secretase beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme. J. Neurosci. 26: 418-428.
148. OFFE, K., S.E. DODSON, J.T. SHOEMAKER, et al. 2006. The lipoprotein receptor LR11 regulates amyloid beta production and amyloid precursor protein traffic in endosomal compartments. J. Neurosci. 26: 1596-1603.
149. ANDERSEN, O.M., V. SCHMIDT, R. SPOELGEN, et al. 2006. Molecular dissection of the interaction between amyloid precursor protein and its neuronal trafficking receptor SorLA/LR11. Biochemistry 45: 2618-2628.