K+ channels as therapeutic drug targets

Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 94, Issue 1-2, 2002, Pages 157-182

  Wickenden, Alan D ^a  

^a Icagen Inc   (United States)

Author keywords

Arrhythmia; Dementia; Epilepsy; Immunosuppression; K+ channels; Secretion

Indexed keywords

1 (2 HYDROXY 5 TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYL) 5 TRIFLUOROMETHYL 2(3H) BENZIMIDAZOLONE; 1 [2 (6 METHYL 2 PYRIDYL)ETHYL] 4 (4 METHYLSULFONYLAMINOBENZOYL)PIPERIDINE; 1' (6 CYANO 1,2,3,4 TETRAHYDRO 2 NAPHTHYL) 3,4 DIHYDRO 6 METHANESULFONAMIDOSPIRO[2H 1 BENZOPYRAN 2,4' PIPERIDIN] 4 OL; 1,3 DIHYDRO 5 (2 FLUOROPHENYL) 3 (1H INDOL 3 YLMETHYL) 1 METHYL 2H 1,4 BENZODIAZEPIN 2 ONE; 3 (5 CHLORO 2 METHOXYPHENYL) 3 FLUORO 2,3 DIHYDRO 6 TRIFLUOROMETHYL 1H INDOL 2 ONE; 4 [(1,6 DIHYDRO 1 METHYL 6 OXO 3 PYRIDAZINYL)AMINO] 3 HYDROXY 2,2 BIS(METHOXYMETHYL)CHROMAN 6 CARBONITRILE; 4 [3,4 DIOXO 2 (1,2,2 TRIMETHYLPROPYLAMINO) 1 CYCLOBUTENYLAMINO] 3 ETHYLBENZONITRILE; 9 (3 CYANOPHENYL) 3,4,6,7,9,10 HEXAHYDRO 1,8(2H,5H) ACRIDINEDIONE; ALMOKALANT; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; AZIMILIDE; BENZOPYRAN DERIVATIVE; BMS 191095; CGS 7184; CLAMIKALANT; CROMAKALIM; DEQUALINIUM; DOFETILIDE; ELECTROLYTE; GLIBENCLAMIDE; IBUTILIDE; IBUTILIDE FUMARATE; INSULIN; LINOPIRDINE; N (3,4 DIMETHOXYPHENYL) N [3 [N [2 (3,4 DIMETHOXYPHENYL)ETHYL] N METHYLAMINO]PROPYL] 4 NITROBENZAMIDE; N (4 BENZOYLPHENYL) 3,3,3 TRIFLUORO 2 HYDROXY 2 METHYLPROPIONAMIDE; N (4 CHLOROPHENYL) N' CYANO N'' (6 CYANO 3,4 DIHYDRO 3 HYDROXY 2,2 DIMETHYL 2H 1 BENZOPYRAN 4 YL)GUANIDINE; N [3 [[2 (3,4 DIMETHOXYPHENYL)ETHYL]AMINO]PROPYL] 4 NITROBENZAMIDE; NE 004; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NIFEKALANT; NIP 142; NS 1608; NS 4; NS 8; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; RETIGABINE; SEMATILIDE; SOTALOL; TRECETILIDE FUMARATE; TRIFLUOPERAZINE; TUBOCURARINE CHLORIDE; UCL 1848; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZD 0947; DRUG RECEPTOR; KCNA3 PROTEIN, HUMAN; POTASSIUM; POTASSIUM CHANNEL KV1.3; VOLTAGE GATED POTASSIUM CHANNEL;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ANGINA PECTORIS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DRUG TARGETING; ELECTROLYTE TRANSPORT; EPITHELIUM; GENE IDENTIFICATION; HEART ATRIUM FIBRILLATION; HEART DISEASE; HEART RATE; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HUMAN; INSULIN RELEASE; LONG QT SYNDROME; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; NERVE CELL EXCITABILITY; NEUROPROTECTION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN; POTASSIUM CURRENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; TORSADE DES POINTES; ANIMAL; CELL DIVISION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CHANNEL GATING; CHEMISTRY; GENETICS; HEART INFARCTION PREVENTION; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LYMPHOCYTE; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; SMOOTH MUSCLE;

ANIMAL; CELL DIVISION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES; HEART DISEASES; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; ION CHANNEL GATING; ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING, MYOCARDIAL; LYMPHOCYTES; MUSCLE, SMOOTH; POTASSIUM; POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; RECEPTORS, DRUG; ANIMALS; HUMANS; KV1.3 POTASSIUM CHANNEL; POTASSIUM CHANNELS, VOLTAGE-GATED;

EID: 0036016272     PISSN: 01637258     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0163-7258(02)00201-2     Document Type: Review

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11. Differential distribution of electrophysiologically distinct myocytes in conduit and resistance arteries determines their response to nitric oxide and hypoxia
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13. A component of calcium-activated potassium channels encoded by the Drospohila slo locus
14. + channels in human T lymphocytes
15. Apamin blocks certain neurotransmitter-induced increases in potassium permeability
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17. + currents by secretory stimulation in human epithelial cells
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20. + channels improves experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inhibits T cell activation
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24. + channel modulators on an ischemia-reperfusion rabbit heart model with programmed electrical stimulation
25. Apamin, a selective SK potassium channel blocker, suppresses REM sleep without a compensatory rebound
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27. Three potassium channels in rat posterior pituitary nerve terminals
28. A potassium channel mutation in neonatal human epilepsy
29. + accumulation and cardiac arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia
30. The effects of the ATP-dependent potassium channel antagonist, glyburide, on coronary blood flow and susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation in unanesthetized dogs
31. HMR 1883, a novel cardioselective inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Part II: Effects on susceptibility to ventricular fibrillation induced by myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs
32. The antifibrillatory actions of UK-68,798, a class III antiarrhythmic agent
33. + channel blocker 293B
34. Axonal physiology of chronic spinal cord injury in the cat: Intracellular recording in-vitro
35. Effect of 4-aminopyridine on axonal conduction-block in chronic spinal cord injury
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39. Cloning and functional characterization of novel large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel beta subunits, hKCNMB3 and hKCNMB4
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41. Combined potassium and calcium channel blocking activities as a basis for antiarrhythmic efficacy with low proarrhythmic risk: Experimental profile of BRL-32872
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43. + current in a vertebrate neurone
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46. + transport in erythrocytes. Comparison of binding and transport inhibition by scorpion toxins
47. + transport and cell dehydration in sickle erythrocytes by clotrimazole and other imidazole derivatives
48. Therapy with oral clotrimazole induces inhibition of the Gardos channel and reduction of erythrocyte dehydration in patients with sickle cell disease
49. Effects of ibutilide on spontaneous and induced ventricular arrhythmias in 24-hour canine myocardial infarction: A comparative study with sotalol and encainide
50. Effects of quinidine and apamin on the calcium-dependent permeability of mammalian hepatocytes and red cells
51. Inhibition of IKs in guinea pig cardiac myocytes and guinea pig IsK channels by the chromanol 293B
52. Differential effects of apamin on neuronal excitability in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats studied in vitro
53. MSlo, a complex mouse gene encoding "maxi" calcium-activated potassium channels
54. Effectiveness of glibenclamide on myocardial ischemic ventricular arrhythmias in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
55. Ion channels in the immune system as targets for immunosuppression
56. Characterization and functional expression of genomic DNA encoding the human lymphocyte type n potassium channel
57. + channel
58. + channel
59. + channels by the muscle relaxant chlorzoxazone and structurally related compounds
60. + channels in canine colon
61. + channels in hepatocytes and of nicotinic responses in skeletal muscle
62. Potassium channels in T lymphocytes: Toxins to therapeutic immunosuppressants
63. A pore mutation in an idiopathic epilepsy family
64. + channel
65. The maxi-K channel opener BMS-204352 attenuates regional cerebral edema and neurologic motor impairment after experimental brain injury
66. Antiarrhythmic and electrophysiologic actions of CK-3579 and sematilide in a conscious canine model of sudden coronary death
67. Actions of pinacidil at a reduced potassium concentration. A direct cardiac effect possibly involving the ATP-dependent potassium channel
68. Potassium channels in nodal and internodal axonal membrane of mammalian myelinated fibres
69. Synthesis and selective coronary vasodilatory activity of 3,4-dihydro-2,2-bis(methoxymethyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-3-ol derivatives: Novel potassium channel openers
70. ATP channel subunits
71. + channels
72. Recent developments in the biology and medicinal chemistry of potassium channel modulators: Update from a decade of progress
73. Ischemic preconditioning: From adenosine receptor to KATP channel
74. Cognition enhancement by the acetylcholine releaser DuP 996
75. Further analysis of the mechanisms underlying the tracheal relaxant action of SCA-40
76. + channel, IKACh
77. + current systems
78. A molecular basis for cardiac arrhythmia: HERG mutations cause long QT syndrome
79. + channels in murine colonic epithelia by1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolone
80. + channel opener, and cromakalim in rat and dog
81. +ATP opener, in anesthetized dogs and isolated rat hearts
82. Hypoxic dilation of coronary arteries is mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels
83. Orally administered 4-aminopyridine improves clinical signs in multiple sclerosis
84. + channels in human T-lymphocytes: A role in mitogenesis?
85. Two types of potassium channels in murine T lymphocytes
86. + transport and reverses erythrocyte dehydration in transgenic SAD mice. A model for therapy of sickle cell disease
87. + channel, on habituation and passive avoidance responses in rats
88. Apamin improves learning in an object recognition task in rats
89. Voltage-gated potassium conductance in human T lymphocytes stimulated with phorbol ester
90. + channel in colonic secretory cells
91. Carbachol induces oscillations of membrane potassium conductance in a colonic cell line, T84
92. + channel
93. + channels
94. Medial vestibular nucleus in the guinea-pig: Apamin-induced rhythmic burst firing - An in vitro and in vivo study
95. Mechanism of chloride secretion induced by carbachol in a colonic epithelial cell line
96. + transport in the rat distal colon
97. Neuroleptics decrease calcium-activated potassium conductance in hippocampal pyramidal cells
98. Characterization and functional expression of a rat genomic DNA clone encoding a lymphocyte potassium channel
99. + conduction and selectivity
100. Block of rat brain recombinant SK channels by tricyclic antidepressants and related compounds
101. + channels: Generating excitement in pancreatic beta-cells
102. Dequalinium, a selective blocker of the slow after-hyperpolarization in rat sympathetic neurons in culture
103. + channel to sense external pH variations near physiological pH
104. + channels TREK-1 and TRAAK
105. Cloning and expression of a human large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel
106. 2-Fluoro-4-pyridinylmethyl analogues of linopirdine as orally active acetylcholine release-enhancing agents with good efficacy and duration of action
107. Pharmacology of the potassium channel openers
108. Comparison of the effects of several potassium-channel openers on rat bladder and rat portal vein in vitro
109. Mode of action and comparative efficacy of pharmacological agents that inhibit calcium-dependent dehydration of sickle cells
110. + channel β-subunit (hKvβ1.3) is produced via alternative mRNA splicing
111. ATP blockers derived from a new series of m-anisamidoethylbenzenesulphonylthioureas
112. + channels in isolated cardiac myocytes
113. Electrophysiological characterization of BRL-32872 in canine Purkinje fiber and ventricular muscle. Effect on early after-depolarizations and repolarization dispersion
114. Comparison of the antiarrhythmic and the proarrhythmic effect of almokalant in anaesthetised rabbits
115. + channel current
116. Assessment of axonal dysfunction in an in-vitro model of acute compressive injury to adult rat spinal cord axons
117. Changes in pharmacological sensitivity of the spinal cord to potassium channel blockers following acute spinal cord injury
118. A new model of acute compressive spinal cord injury in-vitro
119. + current in cultured adult human atrial myocytes
120. The effect of cromakalim on the smooth muscle of the guinea-pig urinary bladder
121. + channels in an olfactory discrimination task
122. MS-551 protects against ventricular fibrillation in a chronic canine model of sudden cardiac death
123. Potassium current in clonal cytotoxic T lymphocytes from the mouse
124. Effect of potassium channel modulators in mouse forced swimming test
125. + channels
126. The function of calcium in the potassium permeability of human erythrocytes
127. + channels. Possible mechanism of cardioprotection
128. Comparison of the distribution of binding sites for the potassium channel ligands [125I]apamin, [125I]charybdotoxin and [125I]iodoglyburide in the rat brain
129. Kinase-dependent regulation of the intermediate conductance, calcium-dependent potassium channel, hIK1
130. Influence of potassium channel modulators on cognitive processes in mice
131. HMR 1883, a novel cardioselective inhibitor of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Part I: Effects on cardiomyocytes, coronary flow and pancreatic β-cells
132. Ks channels by HMR 1556
133. Pharmacological and physiological properties of the after-hyperpolarization current of bullfrog ganglion neurones
134. Potassium leak channels and the KCNK family of two-P-domain subunits
135. ATP) expressed in guinea pig bladder smooth muscle cells
136. + channel, KCNQ1 is essential for gastric acid secretion
137. + channel blockers and cromakalim (BRL 34915) on the mechanical activity of guinea pig detrusor smooth muscle
138. An assessment of the present and future roles of non-ligand gated ion channel modulators as CNS therapeutics
139. Effects of channel modulators on cloned large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels
140. Targeting acute ischemic stroke with a calcium-sensitive opener of maxi-K potassium channels
141. + channel gene
142. Calcium-activated potassium channels in resting and activated human T lymphocytes. Expression levels, calcium dependence, ion selectivity, and pharmacology
143. Blockade of ATP-sensitive potassium channels prevents myocardial preconditioning in dogs
144. Cardioprotective effects of the potassium channel opener cromakalim: Stereoselectivity and effects on myocardial adenine nucleotides
145. Glyburide-reversible cardioprotective effect of BMS-180448 is independent of action potential shortening
146. ATP opener cromakalim is not correlated with ischemic myocardial action potential duration
147. + blocker dofetilide
148. ATP opener with no peripheral vasodilator or cardiac action potential shortening activity
149. Pharmacological modulation of SK3 channels
150. + channels
151. + loss in a model of ischaemia in perfused guinea-pig hearts in-vitro
152. Voltage clamp analysis of muscarinic excitation in hippocampal neurons
153. 4-Aminopyridine in chronic spinal cord injury: A controlled, double-blind, cross-over study in eight patients
154. UK-78,282, a novel piperidine compound that potently blocks the Kv1.3 voltage-gated potassium channel and inhibits human T cell activation
155. The potential for QT prolongation and proarrhythmia by non-antiarrhythmic drugs: Clinical and regulatory implications. Report on a policy conference of the European Society of Cardiology
156. 4-Aminopyridine-sensitive neurologic deficits in patients with spinal cord injury
157. Progress toward the development of a safe and effective agent for treating reentrant cardiac arrhythmias: Synthesis and evaluation of ibutilide analogues with enhanced metabolic stability and diminished proarrhythmic potential
158. Memory processing and apamin induce immediate early gene expression in the mouse brain
159. Discovery of a novel class of BK channel openers: Enantiospecific synthesis and BK channel opening activity of 3-(5 chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-indol- 2-one
160. + channels in human T lymphocytes
161. Effect of JTV-506, a novel vasodilator, on coronary blood flow in conscious dogs
162. Effects of the new potassium channel opener JTV-506 on coronary vessels in vitro and in vivo
163. Class III anti-arrhythmic agents have a lot of potential but a long way to go: Reduced effectiveness and dangers of reverse use dependence
164. ATP channel opener with in vivo selectivity for urinary bladder
165. ATP channels
166. + channels by Zeneca ZD6169 in guinea pig bladder smooth muscle cells
167. + channels expressed in the pulmonary vasculature
168. Selective reduction of [125I]apamin binding sites in Alzheimer hippocampus: A quantitative autoradiographic study
169. Effects of apamin on memory processing of hippocampal-lesioned mice
170. Apamin improves spatial navigation in medial septal-lesioned mice
171. ATP: An inward rectifier sub-unit plus the sulfonylurea receptor
172. + channels
173. + channel blockers on scopolamine- or electroconvulsive shock-induced amnesia in mice
174. Evidence for the formation of heteromultimeric potassium channels in Xenopus oocytes
175. A human intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel
176. + channel
177. + channels at fluorescently labeled presynaptic active zones of hair cells
178. Suppression of neuronal and cardiac transient outward currents by viral gene transfer of dominant-negative Kv4.2 constructs
179. Dendritic potassium channels in hippocampal pyramidal neurons
180. HSK4, a member of a novel subfamily of calcium-activated potassium channels
181. Effects of 4-aminopyridine in patients with multiple sclerosis
182. + current by dofetilide
183. High-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels; Structure, pharmacology, and function
184. ShK-Dap22, a potent Kv1.3-specific immunosuppressive polypeptide
185. Antiarrhythmic effects of MS-551, a new class III antiarrhythmic agent, on canine models of ventricular arrhythmia
186. + loss and arrhythmias in rat hearts
187. Azimilide dihydrochloride, a novel antiarrhythmic agent
188. Electrophysiologic effects of E-4031, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, on re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias in a canine 7-day-old myocardial infarction model
189. Ca channel in human T-lymphocytes. Roles in proliferation and volume regulation
190. + channel mutated in a form of dominant deafness, is expressed in the inner ear and the central auditory pathway
191. The expression of ion channel mRNAs in skeletal muscles from patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy
192. Cognition-enhancing drugs increase stimulated hippocampal θ rhythm amplitude in the urethane-anesthetized rat
193. The dihydropyridine niguldipine modulates calcium and potassium currents in vascular smooth muscle cells
194. + channel from smooth muscle
195. Sub-unit composition of the high conductance calcium-activated potassium channel from smooth muscle, a representative of the mslo and slowpoke family of potassium channels
196. + channels in rat brain: Targeting to axons and nerve terminals
197. + channels in myelinated nerve fibres of Xenopus leavis
198. Small-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels from mammalian brain
199. Effects of MS-551, a new class III antiarrhythmic drug, on programmed stimulation-induced ventricular arrhythmias, electrophysiology, and hemodynamics in a canine myocardial infarction model
200. Blockade of the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 inhibits immune responses in vivo
201. Correolide and derivatives are novel immunosupressants blocking the lymphocyte Kv1.3 potassium channel
202. KCNQ4, a novel potassium channel expressed in sensory outer hair cells, is mutated in dominant deafness
203. + channels
204. vLQT1
205. + channel splice variant common in human heart lacks a C-terminal domain required for expression of rapidly activating delayed rectifier current
206. Effects of a cognition-enhancer, linopirdine (DuP 996), on M-type potassium currents (IKM) and some other voltage- and ligand-gated membrane currents in rat sympathetic neurons
207. Current and voltage clamp studies of the spike medium afterhyperpolarization of hypoglossal motorneurons in a rat brain stem slice preparation
208. Evaluation of the relaxant effects of SCA40, a novel charybdotoxin-sensitive potassium channel opener, in guinea-pig isolated trachealis
209. + channels
210. c and action potential duration
211. Molecular cloning and functional expression of KCNQ5, a potassium channel subunit that may contribute to neuronal M-current diversity
212. + current due to a novel mutation in KCNQ2 causes neonatal convulsions
213. Molecular and functional properties of two-pore-domain potassium channels
214. + channel subunits via a disulfide bridge
215. + channel
216. Specification of subunit assembly by the hydrophilic amino-terminal domain of the Shaker potassium channel
217. Mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channels: Novel effectors of cardioprotection?
218. ATP channels
219. A novel gene, hKCa4, encodes the calcium-activated potassium channel in human T lymphocytes
220. Influence of oral anti-diabetic treatment on electrocardiac alterations induced by myocardial infarction
221. + channel
222. Carboxy-terminal domain mediates assembly of the voltage-gated rat ether-a-go-go potassium channel
223. + channel diversity in the mammalian central nervous system
224. Prevention of ventricular fibrillation by dextrorotatory sotalol in a conscious canine model of sudden coronary death
225. Suppression of lethal ischemic ventricular arrhythmias by the class III agent E4031 in a canine model of previous myocardial infarction
226. Cardiac electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic actions of two long-acting spirobenzopyran piperidine class III agents, L-702,958 and L-706,000 [MK-499]
227. Ks, in canine models of malignant ischemic ventricular arrhythmia
228. Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of a voltage-activated potassium channel
229. Voltage clamp analysis of cholinergic action in the hippocampus
230. + channels in human B lymphocytes and rat thymocytes
231. Modulation of KCNQ2/3 potassium channels by the novel anticonvulsant retigabine
232. + channel
233. + channels TREK-1 and TRAAK
234. - secretion in human airway epithelia
235. Effects of pinacidil and cromakalim (BRL 34915) on bladder function in rats with detrusor instability
236. - secretion by T84 cell monolayers
237. Modulation of Kv channel α/β subunit interactions
238. Inhibition of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in cardiac myocytes by the novel class III antiarrhythmic agent MS-551
239. Voltage-activated potassium channels in mammalian neurons and their block by novel pharmacological agents
240. + channel Kv1.5 current
241. K channels in lymphocytes: A patch clamp study using monoclonal antibody adhesion
242. A comparison of extracellular and intracellular recordings from medial septum/diagonal band neurons in vitro
243. + channel protein in explanted cardiac tissue
244. An activator of calcium-dependent potassium channels isolated from a medicinal herb
245. Ischemic cardioprotection by ATP-sensitive potassium channels involves high-energy phosphate preservation
246. + channels TREK-1 and TRAAK
247. + channel resistant to charybdotoxin and iberiotoxin
248. + channels, on learning and memory processes
249. Differential distribution of closely related potassium channels in rat Schwann cells
250. + channel in insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells
251. Crystal structure and functional analysis of the HERG potassium channel N terminus: A eukaryotic PAS domain
252. Anticholinergic effects of class III antiarrhythmic drugs in guinea pig atrial cells. Different molecular mechanisms
253. + channels in guinea-pig ventricular cells
254. + channels
255. Preconditioning with ischemia: A delay of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium
256. Potassium channel down-regulation in heart failure
257. Ischemic preconditioning: From basic mechanisms to clinical applications
258. The novel class III antiarrhythmic agent MS-551 blocks the cardiac inward rectifier with greater potency than sotalol or E-4031: Possible relevance to reverse use dependence
259. + channels after chronic spinal cord injury
260. Ca channel diversity and smooth muscle cell function
261. Novel nonpeptide agents potently block the C-type inactivated conformation of Kv1.3 and suppress T cell activation
262. DuP 996 (3,3-bis(4pyrindinylmethyl)-1-phenylindolin-2-one) enhances the stimulus-induced release of acetylcholine from rat brain in-vitro and in-vivo
263. +-channel of the bullfrog sympathetic ganglion cell
264. + channels in cardiac muscle
265. + channels by novel benzimidazole
266. + channels in cerebellar granule cells
267. Potential role for Kv3.1b channels as oxygen sensors
268. Functional significance of the apamin-sensitive conductance in rat locus coeruleus neurons
269. Potentiation of large conductance Kca channels by niflumic, flufenamic and mefenamic acids
270. 2-stimulated bladder activity in conscious rats
271. + channels
272. + channel in oxygen-sensitive pulmonary artery myocytes
273. + channels
274. + channel from rat liver and beef heart mitochondria
275. + channel function in rat dorsal vagal neurones
276. + channels
277. 2+-dependent
278. Ca channel, FIK, as a prototype for the cell growth regulatory function of the IK channel family
279. 4-Aminopyridine in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Long term efficacy and safety
280. + channel beta subunits
281. Direct role for potassium channel inhibition in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
282. + channels in canine pulmonary artery: Novel mechanism for hypoxia-induced membrane depolarization
283. Sustained improvements in neurological function in spinal cord injured patients with oral 4-aminopyridine: Three cases
284. Randomized double-blind crossover trial of fampridine-SR (sustained release 4-aminopyridine) in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury
285. Myotonic dystrophy and small conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels
286. Skeletal muscle and small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels
287. The class III effect of azimilide is not associated with reverse use-dependence in open-chest dogs
288. Potassium channel openers: Pharmacological and clinical aspects
289. The growth regulatory fibroblast IK channel is the prominent electrophysiological feature of rat prostatic cancer cells
290. Potassium channel distribution, clustering, and function in remyelinating rat axons
291. Dofetilide, a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent
292. Expression of apamin receptor in muscles of patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy
293. Calcium-activated potassium channels in lymphocytes
294. Presynaptic calcium signals and transmitter release are modulated by calcium-activated potassium channels
295. Functional colocalization of calcium and calcium-gated potassium channels in control of neurotransmitter release
296. A randomized, controlled trial of linopirdine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
297. + channels and the molecular pathogenesis of epilepsy: Implications for therapy
298. - secretion by polarized monolayers of human colonic epithelial cells
299. + conductances. Demonstration of efficacy in intact rabbit colon and an in-vivo mouse model of cholera
300. The novel anticonvulsant retigabine activates M-currents in Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with human KCNQ2/3 subunits
301. Overexpression of 3′-untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy kinase cDNA inhibits myoblast differentiation in vitro
302. Antiarrhythmic effects of selective prolongation of refractoriness. Electrophysiologic actions of sematilide HCl in humans
303. + currents in neurones: Types, physiological roles and modulation
304. Calcium-activated potassium currents in mammalian neurons
305. + currents
306. + current. Differential sensitivity to block by class III anti-arrhythmic agents
307. + current in cardiac muscle
308. A mechanistic link between an inherited and an acquired cardiac arrhythmia: HERG encodes the Ikr potassium channel
309. Ks potassium channel
310. A new class III antiarrhythmic drug, MS-551, blocks the inward rectifier potassium channel in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes
311. + channels by protein kinase C
312. + channel in mammalian skeletal muscle
313. A recessive C-terminal Jervell and Lange-Nielsen mutation of the KCNQ1 channel impairs subunit assembly
314. Selectivity of linopirdine (DuP 996), a neurotransmitter release enhancer, in blocking voltage-dependent and calcium-activated potassium currents in hippocampal neurons
315. Charybdotoxin blocks both Ca-activated K channels and Ca-independent voltage-gated K channels in rat brain synaptosomes
316. KCNQ4 channel activation by BMS-204352 and retigabine
317. + channels causes epilepsy
318. KCNQ5, a novel potassium channel broadly expressed in brain, mediates M-type currents
319. A constitutively open potassium channel formed by KCNQ1 and KCNE3
320. KCNE1 mutations cause Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
321. 2+/calmodulin
322. Multiple potassium-channel components are produced by alternative splicing at the Shaker locus in Drosophila
323. Effects of the new class III antiarrhythmic drug dofetilide on the atrial and ventricular intracardiac monophasic action potential in patients with angina pectoris
324. 4-Aminopyridine improves pulmonary function in quadriplegic humans with longstanding spinal cord injury
325. Safety and efficacy of 4-aminopyridine in humans with spinal cord injury: A long-term, controlled trial
326. Ks by (R)-2-(2,4-trifluoromethyl)-N-[2-oxo-5-phenyl-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,3- dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl]acetamide
327. + channels expressed in mammalian cell lines
328. Familial hyperinsulinism and pancreatic β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels
329. + channel proteins in rat central neurons
330. + conductance
331. Effects of 4-aminopyridine on normal and demyelinated mammalian nerve fibres
332. Differential effects of low and high concentrations of 4-aminopyridine on axonal conduction in normal and injured spinal cord
333. + channel GIRK2
334. - secretion by chlorzoxazone
335. A novel potassium channel gene, KCNQ2, is mutated in an inherited epilepsy of newborns
336. Benzimidazolone activators of chloride secretion: Potential therapeutics for cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
337. Deletion of the Kv1.1 potassium channel causes epilepsy in mice
338. Structure and function of cardiac potassium channels
339. KCNQ4 channels expressed in mammalian cells: Functional characteristics and pharmacology
340. Ks function
341. + channels in arterial smooth muscle
342. 4-Aminopyridine improves clinical signs in multiple sclerosis
343. A novel Gardos channel inhibitor, ICA-17043, prevents red blood cell dehydration in-vitro and in a mouse model (SAD) of sickle cell disease
344. + current in hippocampal pyramidal neurones
345. An after-hyperpolarization of medium duration in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells
346. Potassium currents in hippocampal pyramidal cells
347. + channels stably expressed in HEK293 cells
348. The sulphonylurea receptor may be an ATP-sensitive potassium channel
349. Effects of charybdotoxin on spontaneous motility and tonus of different guinea pig smooth muscle tissues
350. sK channels in epithelia
351. Single-channel properties of BK-type calcium-activated potassium channels at a cholinergic presynaptic nerve terminal
352. Concentration-dependent block of sodium current in guinea pig ventricular myocytes by a class III antiarrhythmic agent, MS-551
353. + channels
354. + channel, is modulated by multiple neurotransmitters in motoneurons
355. + channel cDNAs from human ventricle
356. 4-Aminopyridine leads to restoration of conduction in demyelinated rat sciatic nerve
357. Activation of expressed KCNQ potassium currents and native neuronal M-type potassium currents by the anti-convulsant drug retigabine
358. Regions responsible for the assembly of inwardly rectifying potassium channels
359. + channel blocker
360. Electrophysiological remodelling in hypertrophy and heart failure
361. Dofetilide: A class III anti-arrhythmic drug for the treatment of atrial fibrillation
362. Adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel blocking agent ameliorates, but the opening agent aggravates, ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury
363. Regulation of ion channel expression by cytoplasmic subunits
364. Calcium dependent K-channels in guinea pig and human urinary bladder
365. + channel isoforms from human brain
366. + channel
367. + channels: Friend and foe
368. Ca-channel in mice and rats
369. 4-Aminopyridine induces functional improvement in multiple sclerosis patients: A neurophysiological study
370. Ks in dog ventricular muscle and Purkinje fibre repolarization
371. + channel in fast and slow rat skeletal muscle
372. Calcium-activated potassium channels
373. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction
374. + channels in terminal and juxtaparanodal regions of neurons
375. KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 potassium channel subunits: Molecular correlates of the M-channel
376. Positional cloning of a novel potassium channel gene: KVLQT1 mutations cause cardiac arrhythmias
377. Sustained depolarization-induced outward current in human atrial myocytes. Evidence for a novel delayed rectifier K+ current similar to Kv1.5 cloned channel currents
378. Rapid and slow components of delayed rectifier current in human atrial myocytes
379. + channels in single isolated cochlear efferent nerve terminals
380. + conductance of rat colonic crypt base cells
381. Disruption of the epilepsy KCNQ2 gene results in neural hyperexcitability
382. A novel nervous system β subunit that downregulates human large conductance calcium-dependent potassium channels
383. The effects of BRL 34915 and nicorandil on electrical and mechanical activity and on 86Rb efflux in rat blood vessels
384. The role of action potential prolongation and altered intracellular calcium handling in the pathogenesis of heart failure
385. Retigabine, a novel anticonvulsant, enhances activation of KCNQ2/Q3 potassium channels
386. Characterization of KCNQ5/Q3 potassium channels expressed in mammalian cells
387. Comparison of the potassium channel openers, WAY-133537, ZD6169, and celikalim on isolated bladder tissue and in vivo bladder instability in rat
388. Differential expression of the small-conductance potassium channel SK3 is critical for pacemaker control in dopaminergic midbrain neurons
389. Influence of ATP-sensitive potassium channel modulators on ischemia-induced fibrillation in isolated rat hearts
390. + channels: Synthesis and photoreactivity
391. + channel, IKCa1: A potential immunosuppressant
392. 2+- and voltage-dependent BK channels in adrenal chromaffin cells and rat insulinoma tumor cells
393. Assembly of voltage-gated potassium channels. Conserved hydrophilic motifs determine sub-family specific interactions between the α-subunits
394. A novel benzopyran derivative NIP-142, has unique atrium- and sinus-selective antiarrhythmic effects in vitro
395. Determination of the subunit stoichiometry of an inwardly rectifying potassium channel
396. + current (IKr) in AT-1 cells. Concentration-, time-, voltage-, and use-dependent effects
397. Functional expression of two KvLQT-related potassium channels responsible for an inherited idiopathic epilepsy
398. + channel ROMK1 mRNA
399. ATP channel opener bimakalim on coronary blood flow, monophasic action potential duration, and infarct size in dogs
400. + channels in pancreatic, cardiac, and vascular smooth muscle
401. NAB domain is essential for the subunit assembly of both α-α and α-β complexes of shaker-like potassium channels
402. 2+]i in pulmonary artery myocytes
403. Hypoxia reduces potassium currents in cultured rat pulmonary but not mesenteric arterial myocytes
404. + channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
405. Two new potent neurotransmitter release enhancers, 10,10-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone and 10,10-bis(2-fluoro-4-pyridinylmethyl)-9(10H)-anthracenone: Comparison to linopirdine
406. Depolarization activated releasers of transmitters as therapeutics for dementia: Preclinical characterization of linopirdine (DuP 996)
407. Apamin depresses selectively the after-hyperpolarization of cat spinal motorneurons
408. Potassium conductances underlying repolarization and after-hyperpolarization in rat CA1 hippocampal interneurones
409. Systemic and coronary hemodynamic effects of JTV-506, a novel potassium channel opener, in conscious dogs: Comparison with cromakalim and nicorandil
410. + channel modulators on detrusor and portal vein strips from guinea pig
411. A novel mutation in the human voltage-gated potassium channel gene (Kv1.1) associates with episodic ataxia type 1 and sometimes with partial epilepsy