The structure of the potassium channel: Molecular basis of K+ conduction and selectivity

Science

Volumn 280, Issue 5360, 1998, Pages 69-77

  Doyle, Declan A ^a   Cabral, João Morais ^a   Pfuetzner, Richard A ^a   Kuo, Anling ^a   Gulbis, Jacqueline M ^a   Cohen, Steven L ^a   Chait, Brian T ^a   MacKinnon, Roderick ^a  

^a ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MEMBRANE PROTEIN; POTASSIUM CHANNEL; POTASSIUM ION;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ARTICLE; CHANNEL GATING; ION CONDUCTANCE; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; POTASSIUM CONDUCTANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; STREPTOMYCES LIVIDANS;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; BINDING SITES; CESIUM; CRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, X-RAY; ELECTROSTATICS; FOURIER ANALYSIS; HYDROGEN BONDING; LIPID BILAYERS; MODELS, MOLECULAR; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; POTASSIUM; POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; POTASSIUM CHANNELS; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE, SECONDARY; RUBIDIUM; SCORPION VENOMS; SODIUM; STREPTOMYCES; TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM; WATER;

STREPTOMYCES LIVIDANS;

EID: 0032478818     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.280.5360.69     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. B. Hille, Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes (Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, ed. 2, 1992).
2. A. L. Hodgkin and R. D. Keynes, J. Physiol. (London) 128, 61 (1955); S. Hagiwara, S. Miyazaki, S. Krasne, S. Ciani, J. Gen. Physiol. 70, 269 (1977); B. Hille and W. Schwartz, ibid. 72, 409 (1978); J. Neyton and C. Miller, ibid. 92, 549 (1988).
3. A. L. Hodgkin and R. D. Keynes, J. Physiol. (London) 128, 61 (1955); S. Hagiwara, S. Miyazaki, S. Krasne, S. Ciani, J. Gen. Physiol. 70, 269 (1977); B. Hille and W. Schwartz, ibid. 72, 409 (1978); J. Neyton and C. Miller, ibid. 92, 549 (1988).
4. A. L. Hodgkin and R. D. Keynes, J. Physiol. (London) 128, 61 (1955); S. Hagiwara, S. Miyazaki, S. Krasne, S. Ciani, J. Gen. Physiol. 70, 269 (1977); B. Hille and W. Schwartz, ibid. 72, 409 (1978); J. Neyton and C. Miller, ibid. 92, 549 (1988).
5. A. L. Hodgkin and R. D. Keynes, J. Physiol. (London) 128, 61 (1955); S. Hagiwara, S. Miyazaki, S. Krasne, S. Ciani, J. Gen. Physiol. 70, 269 (1977); B. Hille and W. Schwartz, ibid. 72, 409 (1978); J. Neyton and C. Miller, ibid. 92, 549 (1988).
6. C. M. Armstrong and L. Binstock, J. Gen. Physiol. 48, 859 (1965); C. M. Armstrong, ibid. 50, 491 (1966); ibid. 54, 553 (1969); ibid. 58, 413 (1971).
7. C. M. Armstrong and L. Binstock, J. Gen. Physiol. 48, 859 (1965); C. M. Armstrong, ibid. 50, 491 (1966); ibid. 54, 553 (1969); ibid. 58, 413 (1971).
8. C. M. Armstrong and L. Binstock, J. Gen. Physiol. 48, 859 (1965); C. M. Armstrong, ibid. 50, 491 (1966); ibid. 54, 553 (1969); ibid. 58, 413 (1971).
9. C. M. Armstrong and L. Binstock, J. Gen. Physiol. 48, 859 (1965); C. M. Armstrong, ibid. 50, 491 (1966); ibid. 54, 553 (1969); ibid. 58, 413 (1971).
10. L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, R. MacKinnon, Science 258, 1152 (1992); L. Heginbotham, Z. Lu, T. Abramson, R. MacKinnon, J. Biophys. 66, 1061 (1994).
11. L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, R. MacKinnon, Science 258, 1152 (1992); L. Heginbotham, Z. Lu, T. Abramson, R. MacKinnon, J. Biophys. 66, 1061 (1994).
12. H. Schempf et al., EMBO J. 14, 5170 (1995); L. Heginbothan, E. Odessey, C. Miller, Biochemistry 36, 10335 (1997); D. Marien Cortes and E. Perozo, ibid., p. 10343.
13. H. Schempf et al., EMBO J. 14, 5170 (1995); L. Heginbothan, E. Odessey, C. Miller, Biochemistry 36, 10335 (1997); D. Marien Cortes and E. Perozo, ibid., p. 10343.
14. H. Schempf et al., EMBO J. 14, 5170 (1995); L. Heginbothan, E. Odessey, C. Miller, Biochemistry 36, 10335 (1997); D. Marien Cortes and E. Perozo, ibid., p. 10343.
15. R. MacKinnon, Nature 350, 232 (1991).
16. + channels contain the equivalent of two subunits in a single open reading frame. These are thought to form the tetramer through the assembly of two dimer subunits [K. A. Ketchum et al., Nature 376, 690 (1995)].
17. R. MacKinnon et al., Science 280, 106 (1998).
18. G. J. Kleywegt and R. J. Read, Structure 5, 1557 (1998).
19. J. Deisenhofer et al., Nature 318, 618 (1985); S. W. Cowan et al., ibid. 358, 727 (1992); A. Kreusch and G. E. Schulz, J. Mol. Biol. 243, 891 (1994).
20. J. Deisenhofer et al., Nature 318, 618 (1985); S. W. Cowan et al., ibid. 358, 727 (1992); A. Kreusch and G. E. Schulz, J. Mol. Biol. 243, 891 (1994).
21. J. Deisenhofer et al., Nature 318, 618 (1985); S. W. Cowan et al., ibid. 358, 727 (1992); A. Kreusch and G. E. Schulz, J. Mol. Biol. 243, 891 (1994).
22. R. MacKinnon and C. Miller, Science 245, 1382 (1989).
23. R. MacKinnon, L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, Neuron 5, 767 (1990); M. Stocker and C. Miller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9509 (1994); S. A. N. Goldstein, D. J. Pheasant, C. Miller, Neuron 12, 1377 (1994); P. Hidalgo and R. MacKinnon, Science 268, 307 (1995); J. Aiyar et al., Neuron 15, 1169 (1995); D. Naranjo and C. Miller, ibid. 16, 123 (1996); R. Ranganathan, J. H. Lewis, R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 131; A. Gross and R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 399.
24. R. MacKinnon, L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, Neuron 5, 767 (1990); M. Stocker and C. Miller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9509 (1994); S. A. N. Goldstein, D. J. Pheasant, C. Miller, Neuron 12, 1377 (1994); P. Hidalgo and R. MacKinnon, Science 268, 307 (1995); J. Aiyar et al., Neuron 15, 1169 (1995); D. Naranjo and C. Miller, ibid. 16, 123 (1996); R. Ranganathan, J. H. Lewis, R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 131; A. Gross and R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 399.
25. R. MacKinnon, L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, Neuron 5, 767 (1990); M. Stocker and C. Miller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9509 (1994); S. A. N. Goldstein, D. J. Pheasant, C. Miller, Neuron 12, 1377 (1994); P. Hidalgo and R. MacKinnon, Science 268, 307 (1995); J. Aiyar et al., Neuron 15, 1169 (1995); D. Naranjo and C. Miller, ibid. 16, 123 (1996); R. Ranganathan, J. H. Lewis, R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 131; A. Gross and R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 399.
26. R. MacKinnon, L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, Neuron 5, 767 (1990); M. Stocker and C. Miller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9509 (1994); S. A. N. Goldstein, D. J. Pheasant, C. Miller, Neuron 12, 1377 (1994); P. Hidalgo and R. MacKinnon, Science 268, 307 (1995); J. Aiyar et al., Neuron 15, 1169 (1995); D. Naranjo and C. Miller, ibid. 16, 123 (1996); R. Ranganathan, J. H. Lewis, R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 131; A. Gross and R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 399.
27. R. MacKinnon, L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, Neuron 5, 767 (1990); M. Stocker and C. Miller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9509 (1994); S. A. N. Goldstein, D. J. Pheasant, C. Miller, Neuron 12, 1377 (1994); P. Hidalgo and R. MacKinnon, Science 268, 307 (1995); J. Aiyar et al., Neuron 15, 1169 (1995); D. Naranjo and C. Miller, ibid. 16, 123 (1996); R. Ranganathan, J. H. Lewis, R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 131; A. Gross and R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 399.
28. R. MacKinnon, L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, Neuron 5, 767 (1990); M. Stocker and C. Miller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9509 (1994); S. A. N. Goldstein, D. J. Pheasant, C. Miller, Neuron 12, 1377 (1994); P. Hidalgo and R. MacKinnon, Science 268, 307 (1995); J. Aiyar et al., Neuron 15, 1169 (1995); D. Naranjo and C. Miller, ibid. 16, 123 (1996); R. Ranganathan, J. H. Lewis, R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 131; A. Gross and R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 399.
29. R. MacKinnon, L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, Neuron 5, 767 (1990); M. Stocker and C. Miller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9509 (1994); S. A. N. Goldstein, D. J. Pheasant, C. Miller, Neuron 12, 1377 (1994); P. Hidalgo and R. MacKinnon, Science 268, 307 (1995); J. Aiyar et al., Neuron 15, 1169 (1995); D. Naranjo and C. Miller, ibid. 16, 123 (1996); R. Ranganathan, J. H. Lewis, R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 131; A. Gross and R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 399.
30. R. MacKinnon, L. Heginbotham, T. Abramson, Neuron 5, 767 (1990); M. Stocker and C. Miller, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91, 9509 (1994); S. A. N. Goldstein, D. J. Pheasant, C. Miller, Neuron 12, 1377 (1994); P. Hidalgo and R. MacKinnon, Science 268, 307 (1995); J. Aiyar et al., Neuron 15, 1169 (1995); D. Naranjo and C. Miller, ibid. 16, 123 (1996); R. Ranganathan, J. H. Lewis, R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 131; A. Gross and R. MacKinnon, ibid., p. 399.
31. C. M. Armstrong and B. Hille, J. Gen. Physiol. 59, 388 (1972).
32. R. MacKinnon and G. Yellen, Science 250, 276 (1990).
33. G. Yellen, M. E. Jurman, T. Abramson, R. MacKinnon, ibid. 251, 939 (1991).
34. Y. Liu, M. Holmgren, M. E. Jurman, G. Yellen, Neuron 19, 175 (1997).
35. V. A. Parsegian, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 264, 161 (1975).
36. D. Sali, M. Bycroft, A R. Fersht. Nature 335, 740 (1988); J. Aqvist, H. Luecke, F. A. Quiocho, A. Warshel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 2026 (1991); D. J. Lockhart and P. S. Kim, Science 257, 947 (1992); ibid. 260, 198 (1993).
37. D. Sali, M. Bycroft, A R. Fersht. Nature 335, 740 (1988); J. Aqvist, H. Luecke, F. A. Quiocho, A. Warshel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 2026 (1991); D. J. Lockhart and P. S. Kim, Science 257, 947 (1992); ibid. 260, 198 (1993).
38. D. Sali, M. Bycroft, A R. Fersht. Nature 335, 740 (1988); J. Aqvist, H. Luecke, F. A. Quiocho, A. Warshel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 2026 (1991); D. J. Lockhart and P. S. Kim, Science 257, 947 (1992); ibid. 260, 198 (1993).
39. D. Sali, M. Bycroft, A R. Fersht. Nature 335, 740 (1988); J. Aqvist, H. Luecke, F. A. Quiocho, A. Warshel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 2026 (1991); D. J. Lockhart and P. S. Kim, Science 257, 947 (1992); ibid. 260, 198 (1993).
40. + ion.
41. F. Bezanilla and C. M. Armstrong, J. Gen. Physiol. 60, 588 (1972).
42. B. Hille, ibid. 61, 669 (1973).
43. W. Almers and E. W. McCleskey, J. Physiol. (London) 353, 585 (1984); P. Hess and R. W. Tsien, Nature 309, 453 (1984).
44. W. Almers and E. W. McCleskey, J. Physiol. (London) 353, 585 (1984); P. Hess and R. W. Tsien, Nature 309, 453 (1984).
45. J. Neyton and C. Miller, J. Gen. Physiol. 92, 569 (1988).
46. + sites, crystals were transferred into solutions where 150 mM KCl was replaced by 150 mM RbCl or 150 mM CsCl.
47. M. W. Tate et al., J. Appl. Crystallogr. 28, 196 (1995); D.J. Thiel et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 1 (1996).
48. M. W. Tate et al., J. Appl. Crystallogr. 28, 196 (1995); D.J. Thiel et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 1 (1996).
49. Z. Otwinowski, in Data Collection and Processing, L. Sawyer and S. Bailey, Eds. (Science and Engineering Research Council Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, UK, 1993), pp. 56-62.
50. Collaborative Computational Project 4 (CCP4), Acta Crystallogr. D50, 760 (1994).
51. G. M. Sheldrick, ibid. 46, 467 (1990).
52. T. A. Jones, J. Y. Zou, J. Y. Cowan, M. Kjeldgaard, ibid. A47, 110 (1991).
53. A. T. Brunger, X-PLOR (Version 3.851) Manual (The Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT).
54. S. J. Gamblin, D. W. Rodgers, T. Stehle, Proceedings of the CCP4 study weekend, Daresbury Laboratory (1996), pp. 163-169.
55. K. Y. J. Zhang and P. Main. Acta Crystallogr. A46, 377.
56. P. J. Kraulis, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 24, 946 (1991).
57. O. S. Smart, J. G. Neduvelil, X. Wang, B. A. Wallace, M. P. Sansom, J. Mol. Graphics 14, 354 (1996).
58. We thank D. Thiel, S. Gruner, and members of the MacCHESS staff for support and assistance in data collection at A1; J. Kuriyan, S. K. Burtey, S. Harrison, P. Kim, E. Gouaux, and D. Wang for helpful discussions; Y. Jiang for help in data collection; D. Gadsby and J. Kuriyan for comments on the manuscript; and T. Rahman for patience and support. R.M. is forever grateful to T. Wiesel and A. L. MacKinnon for making this project possible. R.M. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.