Scientific evidence ab out the role of yogurt and other fermented milks in the healthy diet for the spanish population;Evidencia científica sobre el papel del yogur y otras leches fermentadas en la alimentación saludable de la población española

Nutricion Hospitalaria

Volumn 28, Issue 6, 2013, Pages 2039-2089

  Moreno Aznar, Luis A ^a   Cervera Ral, Pilar ^a   Ortega Anta, Rosa M A ^a,b   Díaz Martín, Juan José ^c,d   Baladia, Eduard ^a,c   Basulto, Julio ^a,c   Bel Serrat, Silvia ^a   Iglesia Altaba, Iris ^a   López Sobaler, Ana M A ^b   Manera, María ^a,c   Rodríguez, Elena Rodríguez ^b   Santaliestra Pasías, Alba M ^a   Babio, Nancy ^c,e   Salas Salvadó, Jordi ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZARAGOZA   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^c Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica ^*  (Spain)

^d HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO CENTRAL DE ASTURIAS   (Spain)

^e INSTITUT D INVESTIGACIÓ SANITÀRIA PERE VIRGILI IISPV   (Spain)

Author keywords

Calcium; Cultures milk products; Evidence based medicine; Milk products; Yogurt

Indexed keywords

YOGHURT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHILD; DAIRY PRODUCT; DIET; FEMALE; FERMENTATION; FUNCTIONAL FOOD; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SPAIN; YOUNG ADULT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DAIRY PRODUCTS; DIET SURVEYS; FEMALE; FERMENTATION; FUNCTIONAL FOOD; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; SPAIN; YOGURT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84891690289     PISSN: 02121611     EISSN: 16995198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.6.6856     Document Type: Article

References (271)

1. Baró L, Lara F, Corral E. Composición y calidad nutritiva de los alimentos. Lácteos y derivados lácteos. In: Gil Hernández A, editor. Tratado de nutrición (Tomo II). 2a ed. Madrid: Médica Panamericana; 2010, pp. 1-26.
2. Codex Alimentarius. Normas del Codex para leches fermentadas. CODEX STAN 243-2003. 2003; Available at: http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/more_info.jsp?id_sta=400. Accessed 1 de noviembre, 2012.
3. Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE, Fulgoni VL. The role of dairy in meeting the recommendations for shortfall nutrients in the American diet. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 28: 73S-81S.
4. Wang X, Bao W, Liu J, Ouyang YY, Wang D, Rong S et al. Inflammatory markers and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2013; 36: 166-75.
5. FESNAD. Ingestas Dietéticas de Referencia. Navarra. España: EUNSA; 2010.
6. Grupo de trabajo sobre GPC. Elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Manual Metodológico. In: Plan Nacional para el SNS del MSC, editor. Guías de Práctica Clínica en el SNS: I+CS No 2006/0I. Madrid: Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud-I+CS.
7. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO). Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition, report of an expert Consultation. 2010; Available at: http://foris.fao.org/preview/25553-0ece4cb94ac52f9a25af77ca5cfba7a8c.pdf. Accessed 1 noviembre, 2012.
8. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. A guideline developers' handbook (Publication no 50). Edinburgh: SIGN: 2001. 2008; Available at: http://www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/fulltext/50/index.html. Accessed 15 de enero, 2011.
9. Ranganathan R, Nicklas TA, Yang S, Berenson GS. The nutritional impact of dairy product consumption on dietary intakes of adults (1995-1996): the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2005; 105: 1391.
10. Heaney RP. Calcium, dairy products and osteoporosis. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19: 83S-99S.
11. Jenkins TC, McGuire MA. Major advances in nutrition: impact on milk composition. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89: 1302-10.
12. Mataix J, Rivas J. Lácteos y derivados. Nutrientes y alimentos. In: In: J M, editor. Nutrición y alimentación humana (tomo 1 Madrid: Ergon; 2009, pp. 391-406.
13. Ortega RM, Mena MC, López-Sobaler AM. Leche, lácteos y salud. Madrid: Médica Panamericana. In: Aranceta Bartrina J SML, editor. Leche y lácteos: valor nutricional Madrid: Panamericana; 2004, pp. 21-30.
14. Ortega RM, López-Sobaler AM, Requejo AM, Andrés P editor. La composición de los alimentos. Herramienta básica para la valoración nutricional. Madrid: Departamento de Nutrición: Computense; 2010.
15. Ebringer L, Ferencik M, Krajcovic J. Beneficial health effects of milk and fermented dairy products-review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2008; 53: 378-94.
16. Haug A, Hostmark AT, Harstad OM. Bovine milk in human nutrition-a review. Lipids Health Dis 2007; 6: 25.
17. IOM. Institute of Medicine (IOM). Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2011.
18. Ortega R, López-Sobaler A, Jiménez Ortega AJ, Lombán BN, Ruiz-Roso B, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E et al. Ingesta y fuentes de calcio en una muestra representativa de escolares españoles. Nutr Hosp 2012; 27: 715-23.
19. Etzel MR. Manufacture and use of dairy protein fractions. J Nutr 2004; 134: 996S-1002S.
20. Jensen RG. The composition of bovine milk lipids: January 1995 to December 2000. J Dairy Sci 2002; 85: 295-350.
21. German JB, Dillard CJ. Composition, structure and absorption of milk lipids: a source of energy, fat-soluble nutrients and bioactive molecules. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2006; 46: 57-92.
22. Molkentin J. Occurrence and biochemical characteristics of natural bioactive substances in bovine milk lipids. Br J Nutr 2000; 84: 47-53.
23. Legrand O, Simonin G, Perrot JY, Zittoun R, Marie JP. Pgp and MRP activities using calcein-AM are prognostic factors in adult acute myeloid leukemia patients. Blood 1998; 91: 4480-8.
24. Steijns JM. Dairy products and health: Focus on their constituents or on the matrix? Int Dairy J 2008; 18: 425-35.
25. Mensink RP, Zock PL, Kester AD, Katan MB. Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 1146-55.
26. Sjogren P, Rosell M, Skoglund-Andersson C, Zdravkovic S, Vessby B, de Faire U et al. Milk-derived fatty acids are associated with a more favorable LDL particle size distribution in healthy men. J Nutr 2004; 134: 1729-35.
27. Sun CQ, O'Connor CJ, Roberton AM. Antibacterial actions of fatty acids and monoglycerides against Helicobacter pylori. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2003; 15: 9-17.
28. Martínez Marín A, Gómez-Cortés P, Gómez Castro A, Juárez M, Pérez Alba L, Pérez Hernández M et al. Animal performance and milk fatty acid profile of dairy goats fed diets with different unsaturated plant oils. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94: 5359-68.
29. Huth PJ, DiRienzo DB, Miller GD. Major scientific advances with dairy foods in nutrition and health. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89: 1207-21.
30. Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Brands M, Carnethon M, Daniels S, Franch HA et al. Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006. Circulation 2006; 114: 82-96.
31. Gaucheron F. Milk and dairy products: a unique micronutrient combination. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30: 400S-9S.
32. Mekmene O, Le Graet Y, Gaucheron F. Theoretical model for calculating ionic equilibria in milk as a function of pH: comparison to experiment. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58: 4440-7.
33. Gueguen L, Pointillart A. The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J Am Coll Nutr 2000; 19: 119S-136S.
34. Estaire P, González-Rodríguez L, López-Sobaler A, Ortega R. Food Sources and Intake of Calcium in a Representative Sample of Spanish Adults. Food Nutr 2012; 3.
35. Mataix J, Aranda P, López-Jurado M, Sánchez C, Planells E, Llopis J. Factors influencing the intake and plasma levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in southern Spain. Food & Nutrition Sciences 2012; 3: 1269-76.
36. Orozco Lopez P, Zwart Salmeron M, Vilert Garrofa E, Olmos Dominguez C, INDICAD Study 2001. Prediction of the total calcium intake from consumption of milk products in Spain adult population. INDICAD Study 2001. Aten Primaria 2004; 33: 237-43.
37. Serra-Majem L, Ribas-Barba L, Salvador G, Jover L, Raidó B, Ngo J et al. Trends in energy and nutrient intake and risk of inadequate intakes in Catalonia, Spain (1992-2003). Public Health Nutr 2007; 10: 1354-67.
38. Serra Majem L, Armas Navarro A, Ribas Barba L. Food consumption and food sources of energy and nutrients in Canary Islands (1997-98). Arch Latinoam Nutr 2000; 50: 23-33.
39. Ortega RM, González-Rodríguez L, Jiménez Ortega A, Estaire Gómez P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Perea Sánchez J et al. Ingesta insuficiente de vitamina D en población infantil española: condicionantes del problema y bases para su mejora. Nutrición Hospitalaria 2012; 27: 1437-43.
40. Faci Vega M, Ortega RM, Requejo AM, Navia B, Perea JM, Mena MC et al. Dietary and biochemical riboflavin status in a cohort of young people in the community of Madrid. Nutr Hosp 2001; 16: 92-6.
41. Hayes K, Pronczuk A, Perlman D. Vitamin E in fortified cow milk uniquely enriches human plasma lipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr 2001; 74: 211-8.
42. Fulgoni VL, 3rd, Huth PJ, DiRienzo DB, Miller GD. Determination of the optimal number of dairy servings to ensure a low prevalence of inadequate calcium intake in Americans. J Am Coll Nutr 2004; 23: 651-9.
43. Requejo AM, Ortega RM. Guías en alimentación: Consumo aconsejado de alimentos. Nutriguía. Manual de Nutrición Clínica en Atención Primaria. Madrid: Complutense; 2006.
44. Ortega R, González-Rodríguez L, Jiménez Ortega A, Perea Sánchez J, Bermejo López L. Implicación del consumo de lácteos en la adecuación de la dieta y de la ingesta de calcio y nutrientes en niños españoles. Nutr Clin 2012; 32 (2): 32-40.
45. Demory-Luce D, Morales M, Nicklas T, Baranowski T, Zakeri I, Berenson G. Changes in food group consumption patterns from childhood to young adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Am Diet Assoc 2004; 104: 1684-91.
46. Greer FR, Krebs NF. Optimizing bone health and calcium intakes of infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics 2006; 117: 578-85.
47. López GA, Rodríguez GI, Almagro MP, Garófano GR, Fernández CE, Maldonado BA. [To find out the life habits and risk factors of adolescents seen in the Health Centres of two semiurban populations using a structured open response clinical interview]. Atencion primaria/Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria 2011; 43: 176.
48. Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Garcia E, Gorgojo L, Garcés C, Royo MA, Martín Moreno JM et al. Consumption of bakery products, sweetened soft drinks and yogurt among children aged 6-7 years: association with nutrient intake and overall diet quality. Br J Nutr 2003; 89: 419-28.
49. Navia B, Ortega R, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Aparicio A, Perea J. Mothers age as a conditioning factor of food consumption and energy and nutrients intake of their offspring at pre-school age. Nutr Hosp 2009; 24: 452-8.
50. Ortega RM, Requejo AM, Navia B, Quintas ME, Andrés P, López-Sobaler M et al. The consumption of milk products in a group of pre-school children: influence on serum lipid profile. Nutr Res 2000; 20: 779-90.
51. Seiquer I, Lopez-Frias M, Munoz-Hoyos A, Galdo G, Delgado- Andrade C, Mesias M et al. Dietary calcium utilization among a group of Spanish boys aged 11-14 years on their usual diets. J Physiol Biochem 2006; 62: 9-16.
52. Ortega RM, Requejo AM, López-Sobaler AM, Andrés P, Quintas ME, Navia B et al. The importance of breakfast in meeting daily recommended calcium intake in a group of schoolchildren. J Am Coll Nutr 1998; 17: 19-24.
53. Ribas-Barba L, Serra-Majem L, Salvador G, Castell C, Cabezas C, Salleras L et al. Trends in dietary habits and food consumption in Catalonia, Spain (1992-2003). Public Health Nutr 2007; 10: 1340-53.
54. Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Garcés C, Gorgojo L, López García E, Martín-Moreno J, Benavente M, et al. Dietary patterns among children aged 6-7 y in four Spanish cities with widely differing cardiovascular mortality. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56: 141-8.
55. Serra-Majem L, Ribas-Barba L, Salvador G, Serra J, Castell C, Cabezas C et al. Compliance with dietary guidelines in the Catalan population: basis for a nutrition policy at the regional level (the PAAS strategy). Public Health Nutr 2007; 10: 1406.
56. Suarez Cortina L, Moreno Villares JM, Martinez Suarez V, Aranceta Bartrina J, Dalmau Serra J, Gil Hernandez A et al. Calcium intake and bone mineral density in a group of Spanish school-children. An Pediatr (Barc) 2011; 74: 3-9.
57. Berkey CS, Rockett HR, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Milk, dairy fat, dietary calcium, and weight gain: a longitudinal study of adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2005; 159: 543-50.
58. Agostoni C, Turck D. Is cow's milk harmful to a child's health? J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2011; 53: 594-600.
59. Moreno LA, Sarria A, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition in Spain: a European Mediterranean country. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56: 992-1003.
60. FEN-Ministerio de Agricultura editor. Valoración Nutricional de la Dieta Española de acuerdo al Panel de Consumo Alimentario. Madrid; 2012.
61. Durá Travé T. Intake of milk and dairy products in a college population. Nutr Hosp 2008; 23: 89-94.
62. García-Arenzana N, Navarrete-Muñoz EM, Vázquez-Carrete JA, Moreno MP, Vidal C, Salas D, Ederra M, Pedraz C, Collado- García F, Sánchez-Contador C, González-Román I, García- López M, Miranda J, Peris M, Moreo P, Santamariña C, Pérez-Gómez B, Vioque J, Pollán M, grupo DDM-Spain. Compliance with current dietary recommendations and geographical variability of diet in women participating in 7 screening programs for breast cancer in Spain. Nutr Hosp 2011; 26: 863-73.
63. Romaguera D, Bamia C, Pons A, Tur JA, Trichopoulou A. Food patterns and Mediterranean diet in western and eastern Mediterranean islands. Public Health Nutr 2009; 12: 1174.
64. Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Perea J, López-Sobaler A, Ortega R. An adequate calcium intake could help achieve weight loss in overweight/obese women following hypocaloric diets. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 2010; 57: 95-102.
65. González-Solanellas M, Romagosa Pérez-Portabella A, Zabaleta- Del-Olmo E, Grau-Carod M, Casellas-Montagut C, Lancho- Lancho S, Moreno-Feliu R, Pérez-Portabella MC. Prevalence of food habits and nutritional status in adult population served in primary care. Nutr Hosp 2011; 26: 337-44.
66. WHO. World Health Organization. Regional office for Europe editor. Alcohol in the European Union Consumption, harm and policy approaches. 2012. Copenhagen; 2012.
67. Basabe Tuero B, Mena Valverde MC, Faci Vega M, Aparicio Vizuete A, Lopez Sobaler AM, Ortega Anta RM. The influence of calcium and phosphorus intake on bone mineral density in young women. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2004; 54: 203-8.
68. Serra Majem L, Ribas Barba L, Perez Rodrigo C, Roman Vinas B, Aranceta Bartrina J. Dietary habits and food consumption in Spanish children and adolescents (1998-2000): socioeconomic and demographic factors. Med Clin (Barc) 2003; 121: 126-31.
69. Ferrer C, Garcia-Esteban R, Mendez M, Romieu I, Torrent M, Sunyer J. Social determinants of dietary patterns during pregnancy. Gac Sanit 2009; 23: 38-43.
70. Ortega RM, Martínez RM, López-Sobaler AM, Andrés P, Quintas ME. The consumption of food, energy and nutrients in pregnant women: differences with respect to smoking habits. Nutr Res 1998; 18: 1691-701.
71. Chatzi L, Mendez M, Garcia R, Roumeliotaki T, Ibarluzea J, Tardon A et al. Mediterranean diet adherence during pregnancy and fetal growth: INMA (Spain) and RHEA (Greece) motherchild cohort studies. Br J Nutr 2012; 107: 135-45.
72. Ortega RM, Martinez R, Lopez-Sobaler A, Andres P, Quintas ME. Influence of calcium intake on gestational hypertension. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 1999; 43: 37-46.
73. Schoppen S, Carbajal A, Pérez-Granados AM, Vivas F, Vaquero MP. Food, energy and macronutrient intake of postmenopausal women from a menopause program. Nutr Hosp 2005; 20: 101-9.
74. Ubeda N, Basagoiti M, Alonso-Aperte E, Varela-Moreiras G. Dietary food habits, nutritional status and lifestyle in menopausal women in Spain. Nutr Hosp 2007; 22: 313-21.
75. Martínez TM, Rodríguez A, Jiménez AM, Mariscal M, Murcia M, García-Diz L. Food habits and nutritional status of elderly people living in a Spanish Mediterranean city. Nutricion hospitalaria: organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Parenteral y Enteral 2011; 26: 1175.
76. Aparicio Vizuete A, Robles F, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Lopez- Sobaler AM, Ortega RM. Association between food and nutrient intakes and cognitive capacity in a group of institutionalized elderly people. Eur J Nutr 2010; 49: 293-300.
77. Mariscal-Arcas M, Caballero-Plasencia ML, Monteagudo C, Hamdan M, Pardo-Vasquez M, Olea-Serrano F. Validation of questionnaires to estimate adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and life habits in older individuals in Southern Spain. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15: 739-43.
78. Langman CB. New developments in calcium and vitamin D metabolism. Curr Opin Pediatr 2000; 12: 135-9.
79. Schoenmakers I, Nap R, Mal J, Hazewinkel H. Calcium metabo lism: an overview of its hormonal regulation and interrelation with skeletal integrity. Vet Q 1999; 21: 147-53.
80. Marra M, Boyar A. Position of the American Dietetic Association: nutrient supplementation. J Am Diet Assoc 2009; 109: 2073.
81. Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Miller PE, Thomas PR, Dwyer JT. Why US Adults Use Dietary Supplements. JAMA Intern Med 2013; 4: 1-7.
82. Pera G, Gonzales C, Grupo E. en España. Consumo de suplementos vitaminicos y minerales en población adulta sana de cinco provincias de España. Gaceta Sanitaria 1999; 13: 326-7.
83. Skeie G, Braaten T, Hjartåker A, Lentjes M, Amiano P, Jakszyn P et al. Use of dietary supplements in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition calibration study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63: S226-S238.
84. Calvo MS, Whiting SJ, Barton CN. Vitamin D fortification in the United States and Canada: current status and data needs. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 1710S-6S.
85. Rafferty K, Walters G, Heaney R. Calcium fortificants: overview and strategies for improving calcium nutriture of the US population. J Food Sci 2007; 72: R152-R158.
86. Segura R. Los Minerales y la salud:[minerales y oligoelementos en la prevención de enfermedades]. Plaza & Janés; 2000.
87. Weaver CM, Heaney RP. Calcio. En: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike MRoss AC. Nutrición an salud y enfermedad. 9a ed.: McGraw Hill; 2002.
88. Weaver CM, Proulx WR, Heaney R. Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 543s-548s.
89. Weaver CM. Should dairy be recommended as part of a healthy vegetarian diet? Point. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 89: 1634S-1637S.
90. Ho-Pham LT, Nguyen ND, Nguyen TV. Effect of vegetarian diets on bone mineral density: a Bayesian meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 943-50.
91. Lanham-New SA. Is "vegetarianism" a serious risk factor for osteoporotic fracture? Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 910-1.
92. Darling AL, Millward DJ, Torgerson DJ, Hewitt CE, Lanham- New SA. Dietary protein and bone health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 1674-92.
93. Ortega RM, López-Sobaler AM, Ballesteros JM, Pérez-Farinós N, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Aparicio A et al. Estimation of salt intake by 24 h urinary sodium excretion in a representative sample of Spanish adults. Br J Nutr 2011; 105: 787.
94. Welch A, Fransen H, Jenab M, Boutron-Ruault M, Tumino R, Agnoli C et al. Variation in intakes of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron and potassium in 10 countries in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63: S101-S121.
95. AESAN. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición. Evaluación nutricional de la dieta española. II Micronutrientes. Sobre datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Ingesta Dietética ENIDE). 2012. 2012; Available at: http://www.aesan.msc.es/AESAN/docs/docs/evaluacion_riesgos/estudios_evaluacion_nutricional/Valoracion_nutricional_ENIDE_micronutrientes.pdf. Accessed 1 de noviembre, 2012.
96. Serra Majem L, Aranceta Bartrina. Nutrición infantil y juvenil. Estudio enKid. Barcelona. Barcelona: Masson; 2004.
97. Guallar-Castillon P editor. Fuentes alimentarias de calcio en la población española 2008-2010. Estudio de nutrición y riesgo cardiovascular en España (ENRICA). Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 2012.
98. Garcia-Lorda P, Salas-Salvado J, Fernandez Ballart J, Murphy MM, Bullo M, Arija V. Dietary calcium and body mass index in a Mediterranean population. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 2007; 77: 34-40.
99. Gennari C. Calcium and vitamin D nutrition and bone disease of the elderly. Public Health Nutr 2001; 4: 547-59.
100. Ortega RM, Lopez Sobaler AM, Aranceta J, Serra Majem L. Are there any nutritional deficiencies in the Mediterranean Diet? Arch Latinoam Nutr 2004; 54: 87-91.
101. Ishida Y, Nakamura F, Kanzato H, Sawada D, Yamamoto N, Kagata H, Oh-Ida M, Takeuchi H, Fujiwara S. Effect of milk fermented with Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92 on symptoms of Japanese cedar pollen allergy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2005; 69: 1652-60.
102. Doko Jelinic J, Nola IA, Andabaka D. Food processing industry- the salt shock to the consumers. Acta Med Croatica 2010; 64: 97-103.
103. Rizzoli R, Bianchi ML, Garabédian M, McKay HA, Moreno LA. Maximizing bone mineral mass gain during growth for the prevention of fractures in the adolescents and the elderly. Bone 2010; 46: 294-305.
104. Aimutis W. Role of dairy calcium in bone and tooth health. Parma, Italia: IDF Dairy Summit; 2011.
105. Howe TE, Shea B, Dawson LJ, Downie F, Murray A, Ross C et al. Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (7): CD000333.doi: CD000333.
106. Karmisholt K, Gotzsche PC. Physical activity for secondary prevention of disease. Systematic reviews of randomised clinical trials. Dan Med Bull 2005; 52: 90-4.
107. Martyn-St James M, Carroll S. High-intensity resistance training and postmenopausal bone loss: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis Int 2006; 17: 1225-40.
108. Nikander R, Sievänen H, Heinonen A, Daly RM, Uusi-Rasi K, Kannus P. Targeted exercise against osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis for optimising bone strength throughout life. BMC Medicine 2010; 8: 47.
109. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Eisman JA et al. Smoking and fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16: 155-62.
110. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Johnell O, Oden A, De Laet C, Eisman JA et al. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16: 737-742.
111. Berg KM, Kunins HV, Jackson JL, Nahvi S, Chaudhry A, Harris KA, Jr et al. Association between alcohol consumption and both osteoporotic fracture and bone density. Am J Med 2008; 121: 406-18.
112. Heaney RP. Dairy and bone health. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 28 (Suppl. 1): 82S-90S.
113. Caroli A, Poli A, Ricotta D, Banfi G, Cocchi D. Invited review: Dairy intake and bone health: a viewpoint from the state of the art. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94: 5249-62.
114. Uenishi K. [Prevention of osteoporosis by foods and dietary supplements. Prevention of osteoporosis by milk and dairy products]. Clinical Calcium 2006; 16: 1606.
115. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Burckhardt P, Li R, Spiegelman D et al. Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 86: 1780-90.
116. Nordin BE. The effect of calcium supplementation on bone loss in 32 controlled trials in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis Int 2009; 20: 2135-43.
117. Jackson C, Gaugris S, Sen SS, Hosking D. The effect of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) on the risk of fall and fracture: a metaanalysis. QJM 2007; 100: 185-92.
118. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Willett WC, Wong JB, Stuck AE, Staehelin HB, Orav EJ et al. Prevention of nonvertebral fractures with oral vitamin D and dose dependency: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169: 551-61.
119. Tang BM, Eslick GD, Nowson C, Smith C, Bensoussan A. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 370: 657-66.
120. Avenell A, Gillespie WJ, Gillespie LD, O'Connell D. Vitamin D and vitamin D analogues for preventing fractures associated with involutional and post-menopausal osteoporosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; (2):mCD000227.doi: CD000227.
121. DIPART (Vitamin D Individual Patient Analysis of Randomized Trials) Group. Patient level pooled analysis of 68 500 patients from seven major vitamin D fracture trials in US and Europe. BMJ 2010; 340: b5463.
122. Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Haentjens P, Lips P. Calcium and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis - a clinical update. J Intern Med 2006; 259: 539-52.
123. Fardellone P, Cotte FE, Roux C, Lespessailles E, Mercier F, Gaudin AF. Calcium intake and the risk of osteoporosis and fractures in French women. Joint Bone Spine 2010; 77: 154-8.
124. Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP. Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and osteoporotic fractures in US women. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 257-65.
125. Shea B, Wells G, Cranney A, Zytaruk N, Robinson V, Griffith L et al. VII. Meta-analysis of calcium supplementation for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev 2002; 23: 552-9.
126. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, De Laet C, Johnell O, Eisman JA et al. A meta-analysis of milk intake and fracture risk: low utility for case finding. Osteoporos Int 2005; 16: 799-804.
127. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Kanis JA, Orav EJ, Staehelin HB et al. Milk intake and risk of hip fracture in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Bone Miner Res 2011; 26: 833-9.
128. Lampe JW. Dairy products and cancer. J Am Coll Nutr 2011; 30: 464S-70S.
129. Parodi PW. Impact of cow's milk estrogen on cancer risk. Int Dairy J 2012; 22: 3-14.
130. Aune D, Lau R, Chan DS, Vieira R, Greenwood DC, Kampman E et al. Dairy products and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Ann Oncol 2012; 23: 37-45.
131. Dong JY, Zhang L, He K, Qin LQ. Dairy consumption and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 127: 23-31.
132. Larsson SC, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, Wolk A. Cultured milk, yogurt, and dairy intake in relation to bladder cancer risk in a prospective study of Swedish women and men. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 88: 1083-7.
133. Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M. Obesity and diabetes in the developing world-a growing challenge. N Engl J Med 2007; 356: 213-5.
134. Barr SI. Increased dairy product or calcium intake: is body weight or composition affected in humans? J Nutr 2003; 133: 245S-248S.
135. Barba G, Troiano E, Russo P, Venezia A, Siani A. Inverse association between body mass and frequency of milk consumption in children. Br J Nutr 2005; 93: 15-9.
136. Parikh SJ, Yanovski JA. Calcium intake and adiposity. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 77: 281-7.
137. Rosell M, Johansson G, Berglund L, Vessby B, de Faire U, Hellenius M. Associations between the intake of dairy fat and calcium and abdominal obesity. Int J Obes 2004; 28: 1427-34.
138. Chen M, Pan A, Malik VS, Hu FB. Effects of dairy intake on body weight and fat: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96: 735-47.
139. Melanson E, Sharp T, Schneider J, Donahoo W, Grunwald G, Hill J. Relation between calcium intake and fat oxidation in adult humans. Int J Obes 2003; 27: 196-203.
140. Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F. Dairy consumption and body mass index: an inverse relationship. Int J Obes 2004; 29: 115-21.
141. Zemel MB, Richards J, Milstead A, Campbell P. Effects of Calcium and Dairy on Body Composition and Weight Loss in African-American Adults&z.ast; &ast. Obesity 2005; 13: 1218-25.
142. Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Perea JM, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM, Research Group: 920030. An adequate calcium intake could help achieve weight loss in overweight/obese women following hypocaloric diets. Ann Nutr Metab 2010; 57: 95-102.
143. Abargouei AS, Janghorbani M, Salehi-Marzijarani M, Esmaillzadeh A. Effect of dairy consumption on weight and body composition in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Int J Obes (Lond) 2012; 36: 1485-93.
144. Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Hu FB. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N Engl J Med 2011; 364: 2392-404.
145. Chamnan P, Simmons RK, Forouhi NG, Luben RN, Khaw KT, Wareham NJ et al. Incidence of type 2 diabetes using proposed HbA1c diagnostic criteria in the european prospective investigation of cancer-norfolk cohort: implications for preventive strategies. Diabetes Care 2011; 34: 950-6.
146. Risérus U, Willett WC, Hu FB. Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Prog Lipid Res 2009; 48: 44.
147. Pittas AG, Lau J, Hu FB, Dawson-Hughes B. The role of vitamin D and calcium in type 2 diabetes. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2007; 92: 2017-29.
148. Tong X, Dong J, Wu Z, Li W, Qin L. Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011; 65: 1027-31.
149. Malik VS, Sun Q, van Dam RM, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Rosner B et al. Adolescent dairy product consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94: 854-61.
150. Sluijs I, Forouhi NG, Beulens JW, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Agnoli C, Arriola L et al. The amount and type of dairy product intake and incident type 2 diabetes: results from the EPICInterAct Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96: 382-90.
151. Beulens JW, van der ADL, Grobbee DE, Sluijs I, Spijkerman AM, van der Schouw YT. Dietary phylloquinone and menaquinones intakes and risk of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 1699-705.
152. Parvez S, Malik K, Ah Kang S, Kim H. Probiotics and their fermented food products are beneficial for health. J Appl Microbiol 2006; 100: 1171-85.
153. Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J, IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome-a new worldwide definition. Lancet 2005; 366: 1059-62.
154. Alberti KG, Eckel RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, Cleeman JI, Donato KA et al. Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009; 120: 1640-5.
155. Grundy SM, Hansen B, Smith SC, Jr, Cleeman JI, Kahn RA, American Heart Association et al. Clinical management of metabolic syndrome: report of the American Heart Association/ National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Diabetes Association conference on scientific issues related to management. Circulation 2004; 109: 551-6.
156. Rice BH, Cifelli CJ, Pikosky MA, Miller GD. Dairy components and risk factors for cardiometabolic syndrome: recent evidence and opportunities for future research. Advances in Nutrition: An International Review Journal 2011; 2: 396-407.
157. Snijder MB, van der Heijden, Amber AWA, van Dam RM, Stehouwer CD, Hiddink GJ, Nijpels G et al. Is higher dairy consumption associated with lower body weight and fewer metabolic disturbances? The Hoorn Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2007; 85: 989-95.
158. Wennersberg MH, Smedman A, Turpeinen AM, Retterstøl K, Tengblad S, Lipre E et al. Dairy products and metabolic effects in overweight men and women: results from a 6-mo intervention study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009; 90: 960-8.
159. Azadbakht L, Mirmiran P, Esmaillzadeh A, Azizi F. Dairy consumption is inversely associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82: 523-30.
160. Hong S, Song Y, Lee KH, Lee HS, Lee M, Jee SH et al. A fruit and dairy dietary pattern is associated with a reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. Metabolism 2012; 61: 883-90.
161. Lutsey PL, Steffen LM, Stevens J. Dietary Intake and the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Circulation 2008; 117: 754-61.
162. Mennen LI, Lafay L, Feskens EJ, Novak M, Lépinay P, Balkau B. Possible protective effect of bread and dairy products on the risk of the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2000; 20: 335-47.
163. Pereira MA, Jacobs Jr DR, Van Horn L, Slattery ML, Kartashov AI, Ludwig DS. Dairy consumption, obesity, and the insulin resistance syndrome in young adults. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 2002; 287: 2081-9.
164. Ruidavets J, Bongard V, Dallongeville J, Arveiler D, Ducimetière P, Perret B et al. High consumptions of grain, fish, dairy products and combinations of these are associated with a low prevalence of metabolic syndrome. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007; 61: 810-7.
165. Yoo S, Nicklas T, Baranowski T, Zakeri IF, Yang S, Srinivasan SR et al. Comparison of dietary intakes associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 841-8.
166. Tremblay A, Gilbert J. Milk products, insulin resistance syndrome and type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Nutr 2009; 28: 91S-102S.
167. Elwood PC, Pickering JE, Fehily AM. Milk and dairy consumption, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome: the Caerphilly prospective study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2007; 61: 695-8.
168. Kwon HT, Lee CM, Park JH, Ko JA, Seong EJ, Park MS et al. Milk intake and its association with metabolic syndrome in Korean: analysis of the third Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III). J Korean Med Sci 2010; 25: 1473-9.
169. Beydoun MA, Gary TL, Caballero BH, Lawrence RS, Cheskin LJ, Wang Y. Ethnic differences in dairy and related nutrient consumption among US adults and their association with obesity, central obesity, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87: 1914-25.
170. Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J. Bioactive substances in milk with properties decreasing risk of cardiovascular diseases. Br J Nutr 2000; 84: 155-9.
171. Pfeuffer M, Schrezenmeir J. Milk and the metabolic syndrome. Obesity Reviews 2006; 8: 109-18.
172. Khani S, Hosseini HM, Taheri M, Nourani MR, Imani Fooladi AA. Probiotics as an alternative strategy for prevention and treatment of human diseases: a review. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets 2012; 11: 79-89.
173. Huth PJ, Park KM. Influence of dairy product and milk fat consumption on cardiovascular disease risk: a review of the evidence. Adv Nutr 2012; 3: 266-85.
174. Gibson RA, Makrides M, Smithers LG, Voevodin M, Sinclair AJ. The effect of dairy foods on CHD: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Br J Nutr 2009; 102: 1267-75.
175. Elwood PC, Pickering JE, Givens DI, Gallacher JE. The consumption of milk and dairy foods and the incidence of vascular disease and diabetes: an overview of the evidence. Lipids 2010; 45: 925-39.
176. Soedamah-Muthu SS, Ding EL, Al-Delaimy WK, Hu FB, Engberink MF, Willett WC et al. Milk and dairy consumption and incidence of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93: 158-71.
177. Soedamah-Muthu SS, Verberne LD, Ding EL, Engberink MF, Geleijnse JM. Dairy Consumption and Incidence of Hypertension A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Hypertension 2012.
178. Ralston R, Lee J, Truby H, Palermo C, Walker K. A systematic review and meta-analysis of elevated blood pressure and consumption of dairy foods. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26: 3-13.
179. Avalos EE, Barrett-Connor E, Kritz-Silverstein D, Wingard DL, Bergstrom JN, Al-Delaimy WK. Is dairy product consumption associated with the incidence of CHD? Public Health Nutr 2012; 1-9.
180. Bonthuis M, Hughes MC, Ibiebele TI, Green AC, van der Pols JC. Dairy consumption and patterns of mortality of Australian adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64: 569-77.
181. Fontecha J JM,. Avances científicos sobre el papel de la grasa láctea en la alimentación. In: Martínez-Álvarez, J R, De Arpe C, Villarino A, editor. Avances en Avances en Alimentación, Nutrición y Dietética Editorial Nemira Madrid: Nemira; 2012, pp. 117-34.
182. EFSA. Draft Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies on a request from the Commission related to dietary reference values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. (Request N° EFSA-Q-2008-466); 2009.
183. Katano S, Nakamura Y, Nakamura A, Suzukamo Y, Murakami Y, Tanaka T et al. Relationship between health-related quality of life and clustering of metabolic syndrome diagnostic components. Qual Life Res 2012; 21: 1165-70.
184. Mozaffarian D, Aro A, Willett W. Health effects of trans-fatty acids: experimental and observational evidence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2009; 63: S5-S21.
185. Brouwer IA, Wanders AJ, Katan MB. Effect of animal and industrial trans fatty acids on HDL and LDL cholesterol levels in humans-a quantitative review. PLoS One 2010; 5: e9434.
186. Malpuech-Brugère C, Mouriot J, Boue-Vaysse C, Combe N, Peyraud J, LeRuyet P et al. Differential impact of milk fatty acid profiles on cardiovascular risk biomarkers in healthy men and women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64: 752-9.
187. Gebauer SK, Destaillats F, Mouloungui Z, Candy L, Bezelgues JB, Dionisi F, et al. Effect of trans fatty acid isomers from ruminant sources on risk factors of cardiovascular disease: study design and rationale. Contemp Clin Trials 2011; 32: 569-76.
188. Field CJ, Blewett HH, Proctor S, Vine D. Human health benefits of vaccenic acid. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009; 34: 979-91.
189. Gayet-Boyer C, Tenenhaus-Aziza F, Prunet C, Lamarche B, Chardigny JM. Ruminant trans fatty acids intake and cardiovascular risk factors: A quantitative review of intervention studies. Parma: IDF World Dairy Summit; 2011.
190. Wang Y, Jacome-Sosa M and Proctor SD. The role of ruminant trans fat as a potential nutraceutical in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Food Res Int 2012; 46: 460-8.
191. Mozaffarian D, Ludwig DS. Dietary guidelines in the 21st century- a time for food. JAMA: the journal of the American Medical Association 2010; 304: 681-2.
192. Encuesta Nacional de Ingesta Dietética Española (ENIDE). Evaluación nutricional de la dieta española (I): Energía y macronutrientes. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición. 2011. 2011; Available at: http://www.aesan.msc.es/AESAN/docs/docs/evaluacion_riesgos/estudios_evaluacion_nutricional/valoracion_nutricional_enide_macronutrientes.pdf. Accessed 3 de noviembre, 2012.
193. AESAN. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (AESAN). Rombo de la Alimentación. 1996; available at: Access 13 Noviembre 2012.
194. AESAN. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (AESAN). Pirámide de la Estrategia NAOS. 2007; Available at: . Accessed 13 de noviembre, 2012.
195. AESAN. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (AESAN). Queso. 2007; Available at: http://www.naos.aesan.msssi.gob.es/csym/nutricion_saludable/alimentos/subgrupo/ queso.html. Accessed 13 de noviembre, 2012.
196. AESAN. Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición. Lácteos y Derivados.Última actualización. 2007; Available at: http://www.naos.aesan.msssi.gob.es/csym/nutricion_saludable/alimentos/grupo/lactesoyderivados.html. Accessed 13 de noviembre, 2012.
197. Leis R, Tojo R, Pavón P, Douwes A. Prevalence of lactose malabsorption in Galicia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997; 25: 296-300.
198. Rosado J, Solomons N, Allen L. Lactose digestion from unmodified, low-fat and lactose-hydrolyzed yogurt in adult lactose-maldigesters. Eur J Clin Nutr 1992; 46: 61.
199. Goodenough E, Kleyn D. Influence of viable yogurt microflora on digestion of lactose by the rat. J Dairy Sci 1976; 59: 601-6.
200. Shaukat A, Levitt MD, Taylor BC, MacDonald R, Shamliyan TA, Kane RL et al. Systematic review: effective management strategies for lactose intolerance. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 797.
201. He T, Priebe MG, Zhong Y, Huang C, Harmsen HJ, Raangs GC et al. Effects of yogurt and bifidobacteria supplementation on the colonic microbiota in lactose-intolerant subjects. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 104: 595-604.
202. Labayen I, Forga L, Gonzalez A, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Nutr R, Martinez JA. Relationship between lactose digestion, gastrointestinal transit time and symptoms in lactose malabsorbers after dairy consumption. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2001; 15: 543-9.
203. Laure-Boussuge S, Donazzolo Y. Hydrogen excretion upon ingestion of dairy products in lactose-intolerant male subjects: importance of the live flora. Eur J Clin Nutr 2001; 55: 509-12.
204. Rizkalla SW, Luo J, Kabir M, Chevalier A, Pacher N, Slama G. Chronic consumption of fresh but not heated yogurt improves breath-hydrogen status and short-chain fatty acid profiles: a controlled study in healthy men with or without lactose maldigestion. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 1474-9.
205. Ballesta S, Velasco C, Borobio MV, Arguelles F, Perea EJ. Fresh versus pasteurized yogurt: comparative study of the effects on microbiological and immunological parameters, and gastrointestinal comfort. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2008; 26: 552-7.
206. Jackson KA, Savaiano DA. Lactose maldigestion, calcium intake and osteoporosis in African-, Asian-, and Hispanic- Americans. J Am Coll Nutr 2001; 20: 198S-207S.
207. Adolphi B, Scholz-Ahrens KE, de Vrese M, Acil Y, Laue C, Schrezenmeir J. Short-term effect of bedtime consumption of fermented milk supplemented with calcium, inulin-type fructans and caseinphosphopeptides on bone metabolism in healthy, postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2009; 48: 45-53.
208. Wynckel A, Jaisser F, Wong T, Drüeke T, Chanard J. Intestinal absorption of calcium from yogurt in lactase-deficient subjects. Reprod Nutr Dev 1991; 31: 411-8.
209. Nordin BC, Need AG, Morris HA, D O'Loughlin P, Horowitz M. Effect of age on calcium absorption in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 998-1002.
210. Parra MD, de Morentin, Blanca E Martínez, Cobo JM, Lenoir- Wijnkoop I, Martínez JA. Acute calcium assimilation from fresh or pasteurized yoghurt depending on the lactose digestibility status. J Am Coll Nutr 2007; 26: 288-94.
211. van den Heuvel, Ellen GHM, Schoterman MH, Muijs T. Transgalactooligosaccharides stimulate calcium absorption in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2000; 130: 2938-42.
212. Hao Q, Lu Z, Dong BR, Huang CQ, Wu T. Probiotics for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (9):CD006895.doi: CD006895.
213. Siempos II, Ntaidou TK, Falagas ME. Impact of the administration of probiotics on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials*. Crit Care Med 2010; 38: 954.
214. Siempos II, Vardakas KZ, Kopterides P, Falagas ME. Adjunctive therapies for community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62: 661-8.
215. Doherty GA, Bennett GC, Cheifetz AS, Moss AC. Metaanalysis: targeting the intestinal microbiota in prophylaxis for post-operative Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 31: 802-9.
216. Gurusamy KS, Naik P, Davidson BR. Methods of decreasing infection to improve outcomes after liver resections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (11):CD006933.doi: CD006933.
217. Ray A, Ray S, George AT, Swaminathan N. Interventions for prevention and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in women with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 8.
218. Merenstein D, Murphy M, Fokar A, Hernandez R, Park H, Nsouli H et al. Use of a fermented dairy probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei (DN-114 001) to decrease the rate of illness in kids: the DRINK study A patient-oriented, doubleblind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010; 64: 669-77.
219. Guillemard E, Tondu F, Lacoin F, Schrezenmeir J. Consumption of a fermented dairy product containing the probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114001 reduces the duration of respiratory infections in the elderly in a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2010; 103: 58-68.
220. Hojsak I, Abdovic S, Szajewska H, Milosevic M, Krznaric Z, Kolacek S. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections. Pediatrics 2010; 125: e1171-7.
221. Hojsak I, Snovak N, Abdovic S, Szajewska H, Misak Z, Kolacek S. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in children who attend day care centers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2010; 29: 312-6.
222. Makino S, Ikegami S, Kume A, Horiuchi H, Sasaki H, Orii N. Reducing the risk of infection in the elderly by dietary intake of yoghurt fermented with Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1. Br J Nutr 2010; 104: 998-1006.
223. Giovannini M, Agostoni C, Riva E, Salvini F, Ruscitto A, Zuccotti GV et al. A randomized prospective double blind controlled trial on effects of long-term consumption of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei in pre-school children with allergic asthma and/or rhinitis. Pediatr Res 2007; 62: 215-20.
224. Wassenberg J, Nutten S, Audran R, Barbier N, Aubert V, Moulin J et al. Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 on a nasal provocation test with grass pollen in allergic rhinitis. Clinical & Experimental Allergy 2011; 41: 565-73.
225. Aldinucci C, Bellussi L, Monciatti G, Passali GC, Salerni L, Passali D et al. Effects of dietary yoghurt on immunological and clinical parameters of rhinopathic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56: 1155-61.
226. Kawase M, He F, Kubota A, Hiramatsu M, Saito H, Ishii T et al. Effect of fermented milk prepared with two probiotic strains on Japanese cedar pollinosis in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 128: 429-34.
227. Xiao J, Kondo S, Yanagisawa N, Takahashi N, Odamaki T, Iwabuchi N et al. Effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 [corrected] in relieving clinical symptoms and modulating plasma cytokine levels of Japanese cedar pollinosis during the pollen season. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of investigational allergology & clinical immunology: official organ of the International Association of Asthmology (INTERASMA) and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Alergia e Inmunologia 2006; 16: 86.
228. Pereg D, Kimhi O, Tirosh A, Orr N, Kayouf R, Lishner M. The effect of fermented yogurt on the prevention of diarrhea in a healthy adult population. Am J Infect Control 2005; 33: 122-5.
229. Costa i Pagès J, Polanco Allué I, Rodrigo Gonzalo de Liria C. Gastroenteritis aguda en el niño. Guía multidisciplinar. Guía de Práctica Clínica: Ergón; 2010, p. 1-21.
230. Eren M, Dinleyici EC, Vandenplas Y. Clinical efficacy comparison of Saccharomyces boulardii and yogurt fluid in acute non-bloody diarrhea in children: a randomized, controlled, open label study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82: 488-91.
231. De Mattos AP, Ribeiro TC, Mendes PS, Valois SS, Mendes CM, Ribeiro HC, Jr. Comparison of yogurt, soybean, casein, and amino acid-based diets in children with persistent diarrhea. Nutr Res 2009; 29: 462-9.
232. McFarland LV. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea: epidemiology, trends and treatment. Future microbiology 2008; 3: 563-78.
233. Avadhani A, Miley H. Probiotics for prevention of antibioticassociated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile-associated disease in hospitalized adults-a meta-analysis. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2011; 23: 269-74.
234. Hempel S, Newberry SJ, Maher AR, Wang Z, Miles JN, Shanman R et al. Probiotics for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea: a systematic review and metaanalysis. JAMA 2012; 307: 1959-69.
235. Johnston BC, Goldenberg JZ, Vandvik PO, Sun X, Guyatt GH. Probiotics for the prevention of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; (11):CD004827.doi: CD004827.
236. Videlock EJ, Cremonini F. Meta-analysis: probiotics in antibiotic- associated diarrhoea. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 1355-69.
237. Wenus C, Goll R, Loken E, Biong A, Halvorsen D, Florholmen J. Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea by a fermented probiotic milk drink. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 62: 299-301.
238. Hickson M, D'Souza AL, Muthu N, Rogers TR, Want S, Rajkumar C et al. Use of probiotic Lactobacillus preparation to prevent diarrhoea associated with antibiotics: randomised double blind placebo controlled trial. BMJ 2007; 335: 80.
239. Beniwal RS, Arena VC, Thomas L, Narla S, Imperiale TF, Chaudhry RA et al. A randomized trial of yogurt for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Dig Dis Sci 2003; 48: 2077-82.
240. Conway S, Hart A, Clark A, Harvey I. Does eating yogurt prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhoea? A placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial in general practice. Br J Gen Pract 2007; 57: 953-9.
241. Merenstein DJ, Foster J, D'Amico F. A randomized clinical trial measuring the influence of kefir on antibiotic-associated diarrhea: the measuring the influence of Kefir (MILK) Study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2009; 163: 750.
242. Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A et al. Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child/adolescent. Gastroenterology 2006; 130: 1527-37.
243. Tack J, Müller Lissner S, Stanghellini V, Boeckxstaens G, Kamm M, Simren M et al. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic constipation-a European perspective. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23: 697-710.
244. Guyonnet D, Schlumberger A, Mhamdi L, Jakob S, Chassany O. Fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 improves gastrointestinal well-being and digestive symptoms in women reporting minor digestive symptoms: a randomised, double-blind, parallel, controlled study. Br J Nutr 2009; 102: 1654-62.
245. Tabbers MM, Chmielewska A, Roseboom MG, Crastes N, Perrin C, Reitsma JB et al. Fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium lactis DN-173 010 in childhood constipation: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Pediatrics 2011; 127: e1392-e1399.
246. Guyonnet D, Chassany O, Ducrotte P, Picard C, Mouret M, Mercier CH et al. Effect of a fermented milk containing Bifidobacterium animalis DN-173 010 on the health-related quality of life and symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome in adults in primary care: a multicentre, randomized, doubleblind, controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26: 475-86.
247. Guerra PV, Lima LN, Souza TC, Mazochi V, Penna FJ, Silva AM et al. Pediatric functional constipation treatment with Bifidobacterium- containing yogurt: a crossover, double-blind, controlled trial. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17: 3916-21.
248. Sairanen U, Piirainen L, Nevala R, Korpela R. Yoghurt containing galacto-oligosaccharides, prunes and linseed reduces the severity of mild constipation in elderly subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 2007; 61: 1423-8.
249. Chey WD, Wong BC, Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology. American College of Gastroenterology guideline on the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. Am J Gastroenterol 2007; 102: 1808-25.
250. Ornelas IJ, Galvan-Potrillo M, López-Carrillo L. Protective effect of yoghurt consumption on Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in a Mexican population. Public Health Nutr 2007; 10: 1283-7.
251. Szajewska H, Horvath A, Piwowarczyk A. Meta analysis: the effects of Saccharomyces boulardii supplementation on Helicobacter pylori eradication rates and side effects during treatment. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32: 1069-79.
252. Tong J, Ran Z, Shen J, Zhang C, Xiao S. Meta analysis: the effect of supplementation with probiotics on eradication rates and adverse events during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25: 155-68.
253. Zou J, Dong J, Yu X. Meta Analysis: Lactobacillus Containing Quadruple Therapy Versus Standard Triple First Line Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Helicobacter 2009; 14: 449-59.
254. Sachdeva A, Nagpal J. Effect of fermented milk-based probiotic preparations on Helicobacter pylori eradication: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 21: 45-53.
255. Sheu B, Wu J, Lo C, Wu H, Chen J, Lin Y et al. Impact of supplement with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium containing yogurt on triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002; 16: 1669-75.
256. Goldman CG, Barrado DA, Balcarce N, Rua EC, Oshiro M, Calcagno ML et al. Effect of a probiotic food as an adjuvant to triple therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Nutrition 2006; 22: 984-8.
257. Sheu B, Cheng H, Kao A, Wang S, Yang Y, Yang H et al. Pretreatment with Lactobacillus-and Bifidobacterium-containing yogurt can improve the efficacy of quadruple therapy in eradicating residual Helicobacter pylori infection after failed triple therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 864-9.
258. Kim MN, Kim N, Lee SH, Park YS, Hwang JH, Kim JW et al. The effects of probiotics on PPI-triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. Helicobacter 2008; 13: 261-8.
259. Deguchi R, Nakaminami H, Rimbara E, Noguchi N, Sasatsu M, Suzuki T et al. Effect of pretreatment with Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 on first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27: 888-92.
260. Bekar O, Yilmaz Y, Gulten M. Kefir improves the efficacy and tolerability of triple therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori. J Med Food 2011; 14: 344-7.
261. Yoon H, Kim N, Kim JY, Park SY, Park JH, Jung HC et al. Effects of multistrain probiotic containing yogurt on second line triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 26: 44-8.
262. De Vrese M, Kristen H, Rautenberg P, Laue C, Schrezenmeir J. Probiotic lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in a fermented milk product with added fruit preparation reduce antibiotic associated diarrhea and Helicobacter pylori activity. J Dairy Res 2011; 78: 396-403.
263. Yasar B, Abut E, Kayadibi H, Toros B, Sezikli M, Akkan Z et al. Efficacy of probiotics in Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Turk J Gastroenterol 2010; 21: 212-7.
264. Lanham-New SA. Fruit and vegetables: the unexpected natural answer to the question of osteoporosis prevention? Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83: 1254-5.
265. Jha RM, Mithal A, Malhotra N, Brown EM. Pilot case-control investigation of risk factors for hip fractures in the urban Indian population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11: 49- 2474-11-49.
266. Gallo AM. Building strong bones in childhood and adolescence: reducing the risk of fractures in later life. Pediatr Nurs 1996; 22: 369-74, 422.
267. Solomon L. Bone density in ageing Caucasian and African populations. The Lancet 1979; 314: 1326-30.
268. Farmer ME, White LR, Brody JA, Bailey KR. Race and sex differences in hip fracture incidence. Am J Public Health 1984; 74: 1374-80.
269. Silverman SL, Madison RE. Decreased incidence of hip fracture in Hispanics, Asians, and blacks: California Hospital Discharge Data. Am J Public Health 1988; 78: 1482-3.
270. Faulkner KG, Cummings SR, Black D, Palermo L, Gluer CC, Genant HK. Simple measurement of femoral geometry predicts hip fracture: the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 1993; 8: 1211-7.
271. Adolfsson O, Meydani SN, Russell RM. Yogurt and gut function. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 80: 245-56.