Pharmacogenetics of drug transporters in the enterohepatic circulation

Pharmacogenomics

Volumn 12, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 611-631

  Stieger, Bruno ^a   Meier, Peter J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BASEL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

adverse drug events; drug disposition; enterohepatic circulation; intestine; liver; pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTIFUNGAL AGENT; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; CYCLOSPORIN; DIGOXIN; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; GLYCOPROTEIN P; HISTAMINE H2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT; IRINOTECAN; METFORMIN; METHOTREXATE; MONTELUKAST; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN 1; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; SIMVASTATIN; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; ASTHMA; CLINICAL PRACTICE; DIARRHEA; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG TRANSPORT; ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HUMAN; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; NONHUMAN; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PHARMACOGENETICS; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHENOTYPE; REVIEW; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; ENTEROHEPATIC CIRCULATION; HUMANS; MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; PHARMACOGENETICS; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC;

EID: 79957629733     PISSN: 14622416     EISSN: 17448042     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2217/pgs.11.53     Document Type: Review

References (232)

1. Ho RH, Kim RB: Transporters and drug therapy: implications for drug disposition and disease. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 78(3), 260-277 (2005). (Pubitemid 41254111)
2. Urquhart BL, Kim RB: Blood-brain barrier transporters and response to CNS-active drugs. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 65(11), 1063-1070 (2009).
3. Leslie EM, Deeley RG, Cole SP: Multidrug resistance proteins: role of P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2, and BCRP (ABCG2) in tissue defense. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 204(3), 216-237 (2005). (Pubitemid 40552845)
4. Shitara Y, Sato H, Sugiyama Y: Evaluation of drug-drug interaction in the hepatobiliary and renal transport of drugs. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 45, 689-723 (2005). (Pubitemid 40261822)
5. Jia L, Betters JL, Yu L: Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) protein in intestinal and hepatic cholesterol transport. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 73, 239-259 (2010).
6. Kemp S, Wanders R: Biochemical aspects of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Brain Pathol. 20(4), 831-837 (2010).
7. Gradhand U, Kim RB: Pharmacogenomics of MRP transporters (ABCC1-5) and BCRP (ABCG2). Drug Metab. Rev. 40(2), 317-354 (2008). (Pubitemid 352000949)
8. Ieiri I, Higuchi S, Sugiyama Y: Genetic polymorphisms of uptake (OATP1B1, 1B3) and effux (MRP2, BCRP) transporters: implications for inter-individual differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of statins and other clinically relevant drugs. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 5(7), 703-729 (2009).
9. Grossman I: ADME pharmacogenetics: current practices and future outlook. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 5(5), 449-462 (2009).
10. Franke RM, Gardner ER, Sparreboom A: Pharmacogenetics of drug transporters. Curr. Pharm. Des. 16(2), 220-230 (2010).
11. Kroetz DL, Yee SW, Giacomini KM: The pharmacogenomics of membrane transporters project: research at the interface of genomics and transporter pharmacology. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 87(1), 109-116 (2010).
12. Sissung TM, Baum CE, Kirkland CT, Gao R, Gardner ER, Figg WD: Pharmacogenetics of membrane transporters: an update on current approaches. Mol. Biotechnol. 44(2), 152-167 (2010).
13. Yee SW, Chen L, Giacomini KM: Pharmacogenomics of membrane transporters: past, present and future. Pharmacogenomics 11(4), 475-479 (2010).
14. Yan Q: Membrane transporters and drug development: relevance to pharmacogenomics, nutrigenomics, epigenetics, and systems biology. Methods Mol. Biol. 637, 1-21 (2010).
15. Zair ZM, Eloranta JJ, Stieger B, Kullak-Ublick GA: Pharmacogenetics of OATP (SLC21/SLCO), OAT and OCT (SLC22) and PEPT (SLC15) transporters in the intestine, liver and kidney. Pharmacogenomics 9(5), 597-624 (2008). (Pubitemid 351803919)
16. Meier PJ, Stieger B: Bile salt transporters. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 64, 635-661 (2002). (Pubitemid 34259244)
17. Pauli-Magnus C, Stieger B, Meier Y, Kullak Ublick GA, Meier PJ: Enterohepatic transport of bile salts and genetics of cholestasis. J. Hepatol. 43(2), 342-357 (2005). (Pubitemid 40956889)
18. Stieger B: The role of the sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) in physiology and pathophysiology of bile formation. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 201, 205-259 (2011).
19. Hofmann AF, Molino G, Milanese M, Belforte G: Description and simulation of a physiological pharmacokinetic model for the metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in man. Cholic acid in healthy man. J. Clin. Invest. 71(4), 1003-1022 (1983). (Pubitemid 13163273)
20. Watanabe T, Kusuhara H, Maeda K, Shitara Y, Sugiyama Y: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to predict transporter-mediated clearance and distribution of pravastatin in humans. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 328(2), 652-662 (2009).
21. Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y: Pharmacokinetic modeling of the hepatobiliary transport mediated by cooperation of uptake and effux transporters. Drug Metab. Rev. 42(3), 539-550 (2010).
22. Staatz CE, Tett SE: Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of mycophenolate in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 46(1), 13-58 (2007). (Pubitemid 46091591)
23. Picard N, Yee SW, Woillard JBet al. The role of organic anion-transporting polypeptides and their common genetic variants in mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 87(1), 100-108 (2010).
24. Kobayashi M, Saitoh H, Tadano K, Takahashi Y, Hirano T: Cyclosporin A, but not tacrolimus, inhibits the biliary excretion of mycophenolic acid glucuronide possibly mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 309(3), 1029-1035 (2004). (Pubitemid 38669688)
25. Meinertz T, Gilfrich HJ, Groth U, Jonen HG, Jahnchen E: Interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of phenprocoumon by cholestyramine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 21(6), 731-735 (1977). (Pubitemid 8131716)
26. Meinertz T, Gilfrich MJ, Bork R, Jahnchen E: Treatment of phenprocoumon intoxication with cholestyramine. Br. Med. J. 2(6084), 439 (1977). (Pubitemid 8158943)
27. Ito S: Structure and function of the glycocalyx. Fed. Proc. 28(1), 12-25 (1969).
28. Esposito G, Faelli A, Tosco M, Orsenigo MN, de Gasperi R, Pacces N: Infuence of the enteric surface coat on the unidirectional fux of acetamide across the wall of rat small intestine. Experientia 39(2), 149-151 (1983). (Pubitemid 13187476)
29. Hurter T, Reis HE, Borchard F: [Disorders of intestinal absorption in patients treated with cytostatic chemotherapy]. Z. Gastroenterol. 27(10), 606-610 (1989).
30. Daniel H, Fett C, Kratz A: Demonstration and modifcation of intervillous pH profles in rat small intestine in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. 257(4 Pt 1), G489-G495 (1989).
31. +-sensitive electrodes. Biochim. Biophys Acta 730(1), 41-48 (1983). (Pubitemid 13069994)
32. Sugano K: Aqueous boundary layers related to oral absorption of a drug: From dissolution of a drug to darrier mediated transport and intestinal wall metabolism. Mol. Pharm. (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
33. Nakamura T, Yamamori M, Sakaeda T: Pharmacogenetics of intestinal absorption. Curr. Drug Deliv. 5(3), 153-169 (2008). (Pubitemid 351977879)
34. Oostendorp RL, Beijnen JH, Schellens JH: The biological and clinical role of drug transporters at the intestinal barrier. Cancer Treat. Rev. 35(2), 137-147 (2009).
35. Giacomini KM, Huang SM, Tweedie DJet al. Membrane transporters in drug development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 9(3), 215-236 (2010).
36. Tamai I, Nezu J, Uchino Het al. Molecular identifcation and characterization of novel members of the human organic anion transporter (OATP) family. Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun. 273, 251-260 (2000). (Pubitemid 30426895)
37. Englund G, Rorsman F, Ronnblom Aet al. Regional levels of drug transporters along the human intestinal tract: co-expression of ABC and SLC transporters and comparison with Caco-2 cells. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 29(3-4), 269-277 (2006). (Pubitemid 44602404)
38. Hilgendorf C, Ahlin G, Seithel A, Artursson P, Ungell AL, Karlsson J: Expression of thirty-six drug transporter genes in human intestine, liver, kidney, and organotypic cell lines. Drug Metab. Dispos. 35(8), 1333-1340 (2007). (Pubitemid 47121774)
39. Meier Y, Eloranta JJ, Darimont Jet al. Regional distribution of solute carrier mRNA expression along the human intestinal tract. Drug Metab. Dispos. 35(4), 590-594 (2007). (Pubitemid 46513261)
40. Koepsell H, Lips K, Volk C: Polyspecifc organic cation transporters: structure, function, physiological roles, and biopharmaceutical implications. Pharm. Res. 24(7), 1227-1251 (2007). (Pubitemid 46876495)
41. Bordeaux J, Welsh A, Agarwal Set al. Antibody validation. Biotechniques 48(3), 197-209 (2010).
42. Glaeser H, Bailey DG, Dresser GKet al. Intestinal drug transporter expression and the impact of grapefruit juice in humans. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 81(3), 362-370 (2007). (Pubitemid 46364477)
43. Marquez B, van Bambeke F: ABC multidrug transporters: target for modulation of drug pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions. Curr. Drug Targets 12(5), 600-620 (2010).
44. Brandsch M: Transport of drugs by proton-coupled peptide transporters: pearls and pitfalls. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 5, 887-905 (2009).
45. Greiner B, Eichelbaum M, Fritz Pet al. The role of intestinal P-glycoprotein in the interaction of digoxin and rifampin. J. Clin. Invest. 104(2), 147-153 (1999).
46. Kerb R: Implications of genetic polymorphisms in drug transporters for pharmacotherapy. Cancer Lett. 234(1), 4-33 (2006). (Pubitemid 43343938)
47. Cascorbi I: P-glycoprotein: tissue distribution, substrates, and functional consequences of genetic variations. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 201, 261-283 (2011).
48. Haufroid V: Genetic polymorphisms of ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCB1 and ABCC2 and their impact on drug disposition. Curr. Drug Targets 12(5), 631-646 (2010).
49. Aller SG, Yu J, Ward Aet al. Structure of P-glycoprotein reveals a molecular basis for poly-specifc drug binding. Science 323(5922), 1718-1722 (2009).
50. Nies AT, Schwab M, Keppler D: Interplay of conjugating enzymes with OATP uptake transporters and ABCC/MRP effux pumps in the elimination of drugs. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 4(5), 545-568 (2008). (Pubitemid 351890738)
51. Jemnitz K, Heredi-Szabo K, Janossy J, Ioja E, Vereczkey L, Krajcsi P: ABCC2/Abcc2: a multispecifc transporter with dominant excretory functions. Drug Metab. Rev. 42(3), 402-436 (2010).
52. Polgar O, Robey RW, Bates SE: ABCG2: structure, function and role in drug response. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 4(1), 1-15 (2008).
53. Poguntke M, Hazai E, Fromm MF, Zolk O: Drug transport by breast cancer resistance protein. Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol. 6(11), 1363-1384 (2010).
54. Schwabedissen HE, Kroemer HK: In vitro and in vivo evidence for the importance of breast cancer resistance protein transporters (BCRP/MXR/ABCP/ ABCG2). Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 201, 325-371 (2011).
55. Woodward OM, Kottgen A, Coresh J, Boerwinkle E, Guggino WB, Kottgen M: Identifcation of a urate transporter, ABCG2, with a common functional polymorphism causing gout. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106(25), 10338-10342 (2009).
56. Dehghan A, Kottgen A, Yang Qet al. Association of three genetic loci with uric acid concentration and risk of gout: a genome-wide association study. Lancet 372(9654), 1953-1961 (2008).
57. Borst P, de Wolf C, van de Wetering K: Multidrug resistance-associated proteins 3, 4, and 5. Pfugers Arch. 453(5), 661-673 (2007). (Pubitemid 46192537)
58. Hagenbuch B, Gui C: Xenobiotic transporters of the human organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) family. Xenobiotica 38(7-8), 778-801 (2008).
59. Kalliokoski A, Niemi M: Impact of OATP transporters on pharmacokinetics. Br. J. Pharmacol. 158(3), 693-705 (2009).
60. Fahrmayr C, Fromm MF, Konig J: Hepatic OATP and OCT uptake transporters: their role for drug-drug interactions and pharmacogenetic aspects. Drug Metab. Rev. 42(3), 380-401 (2010).
61. Konig J: Uptake transporters of the human OATP family. Molecular characteristics, substrates, their role in drug-drug interactions, and functional consequences of polymorphisms. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 201, 1-28 (2011).
62. Burckhardt G, Burckhardt BC: In vitro and in vivo evidence of the importance of organic anion transporters (OATs) in drug therapy. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 201, 29-104 (2011).
63. Nies AT, Koepsell H, Damme K, Schwab M: Organic cation transporters (OCTs, MATEs), in vitro and in vivo evidence for the importance in drug therapy. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 201, 105-167(2011).
64. Endres CJ, Endres MG, Unadkat JD: Interplay of drug metabolism and transport: a real phenomenon or an artifact of the site of measurement? Mol. Pharm. 6(6), 1756-1765 (2009).
65. Pastor-Anglada M, Cano-Soldado P, Molina-Areas Met al. Cell entry and export of nucleoside analogues. Virus Res. 107, 151-164 (2005). (Pubitemid 40093088)
66. Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y: In vitro-in vivo extrapolation of transporter-mediated clearance in the liver and kidney. DrugMetab. Pharmacokinet. 24(1), 37-52 (2009).
67. Keppler D: Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs, ABCCs): importance for pathophysiology and drug therapy. Handb. Exp. Pharmacol. 201, 299-323 (2011).
68. Borst P, van de Wetering K, Schlingemann R: Does the absence of ABCC6 (multidrug resistance protein 6) in patients with Pseudoxanthoma elasticum prevent the liver from providing sufficient vitamin K to the periphery? Cell Cycle!, 1575-1579 (2008). (Pubitemid 351881324)
69. Otsuka M, Matsumoto T, Morimoto R, Arioka S, Omote H, Moriyama Y: A human transporter protein that mediates the final excretion step for toxic organic cations. Proc. NatlAcad. Sa. USA 102(50), 17923-17928 (2005). (Pubitemid 41798478)
70. Nies AT, Keppler D: The apical conjugate efflux pump ABCC2 (MRP2). PflugersArch. 453(5), 643-659 (2007). (Pubitemid 46192536)
71. Stieger B, Meier Y, Meier PJ: The bile salt export pump. Pflugers Arch. 453(5), 611-620 (2007). (Pubitemid 46192534)
72. Hirano M, Maeda K, Hayashi H, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y: Bile salt export pump (BSEP/ ABCBll) can transport a nonbile acid substrate, pravastatin. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 314,876-882(2005). (Pubitemid 41043874)
73. Stieger B: Role of the bile salt export pump, BSEP, in acquired forms of cholestasis. Drug Metab. Rev. 42,437-445 (2010).
74. Pauli-Magnus C, Meier PJ, Stieger B: Genetic determinants of drug-induced cholestasis and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Semin. LiverDis. 30(2), 147-159 (2010).
75. Morgan RE, Trauner M, van Staden CJet al. Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development. Toxicol. Sci. 118(2), 485-500 (2010).
76. Davk-Spraul A, Gonzales E, Baussan C, Jacquemin E: The spectrum of liver diseases related to4iCigene mutations: pathophysiology and clinical aspects. Semin. LiverDis. 30(2), 134-146 (2010).
77. Jakulj L, Vissers MN, Tanck MWet al. ABCG5IG8 polymorphisms and markers of cholesterol metabolism: systematic review and meta-analysis. J. LipidRes. 51(10), 3016-3023 (2010).
78. Paulusma CC, Elferink RP, Jansen PL: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 1. Semin. LiverDis. 30(2), 117-124 (2010).
79. Huber-Ruano I, Pastor-Anglada M: Transport of nucleoside analogs across the plasma membrane: a clue to understanding drug-induced cytotoxicity Curr. DrugMetab. 10(4), 347-358 (2009).
80. Saito S, Iida A, Sekine A, et al. Catalog of 238 variations among six human genes encoding solute carriers (hSLCs) in the Japanese population.J. Hum. Genet. 47(11), 576-584 (2002). (Pubitemid 36083257)
81. Zhang EY, Fu DJ, Pak YA, et al. Genetic polymorphisms in human proton-dependent dipeptide transporter PEPTl: implications for the functional role of Pro586.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 310(2), 437-445 (2004). (Pubitemid 38988885)
82. Anderle P, Nielsen CU, Pinsonneault J, Krog PL, Brodin B, Sadee W: Genetic variants of the human dipeptide transporter PEPTl. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 316(2), 636-646 (2006). (Pubitemid 43130990)
83. Murakami T, Takano M: Intestinal efflux transporters and drug absorption. Expert Opin. DrugMetab. Toxicol. 4(7), 923-939 (2008).
84. Schrickx JA, Fink-Gremmels J: Implications of ABC transporters on the disposition of typical veterinary medicinal products. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 585(2-3), 510-519 (2008).
85. Zhou SF: Structure, function and regulation of P-glycoprotein and its clinical relevance in drug disposition. Xenobiotica 38, 863-888 (2008).
86. Ieiri I, Takane H, Otsubo K: The MDRl {ABCBl) gene polymorphism and its clinical implications. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 43(9), 553-576 (2004). (Pubitemid 38951800)
87. Pauli-Magnus C, Kroetz DL: Functional implications of genetic polymorphisms in the multidrug resistance gene MDRl {ABCBl). Pharm. Res. 21(6), 904-913 (2004). (Pubitemid 38870137)
88. Eichelbaum M, Fromm MF, Schwab M: Clinical aspects of the MDRl {ABCBl) gene polymorphism. Ther. DrugMonit. 26(2), 180-185 (2004). (Pubitemid 38501215)
89. Li YH, Wang YH, Li Y, Yang L: MDRl gene polymorphisms and clinical relevance. Yi ChuanXueBao 33(2), 93-104 (2006). (Pubitemid 43267147)
90. Dey S: Single nucleotide polymorphisms in human P-glycoprotein: its impact on drug delivery and disposition. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 3(1), 23-35 (2006). (Pubitemid 43056389)
91. Chinn LW, Kroetz DL: ABCBl pharmacogenetics: progress, pitfalls, and promise. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 81(2), 265-269 (2007).
92. IshikawaT, SakuraiA, Hirano H, LezhavaA, Sakurai M, Hayashizaki Y: Emerging new technologies in pharmacogenomics: rapid SNP detection, molecular dynamic simulation, and QSAR analysis methods to validate clinically important genetic variants of human ABC transporter ABCBl (P-gp/MDRl). Pharmacol. Ther. 126(1), 69-81 (2010).
93. Fung KL, Gottesman MM: A synonymous polymorphism in a common MDRl (ABCBl) haplotype shapes protein function. Biochim. BiophysActa. 1794(5), 860-871 (2009).
94. Kroetz DL, Pauli-Magnus C, Hodges LM, et al. Sequence diversity and haplotype structure in the human ABCBl (MDRl, multidrug resistance transporter) gene. Pharmacogenetics 13(8), 481-494 (2003). (Pubitemid 37034590)
95. Kimchi-Sarfaty C, Marple AH, Shinar S, et al. Ethnicky-related polymorphisms and haplotypes in the human ABCBl gene. Pharmacogenomics 8(1), 29-39 (2007). (Pubitemid 46157755)
96. Hoffmeyer S, Burk O, von Richter O, et al. Functional polymorphisms of the human multidrug-resistance gene: multiple sequence variations and correlation of one allele with P-glycoprotein expression and activity in vivo. Proc. NatlAcad. Sa. USA 97(7), 3473-3478 (2000). (Pubitemid 30183327)
97. Maeda K, Sugiyama Y: Impact of genetic polymorphisms of transporters on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and toxicological properties of anionic drugs. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 23(4), 223-235 (2008).
98. Chowbay B, Li H, David M, Cheung YB, Lee EJ: Meta-analysis of the influence of MDRl C3435T polymorphism on digoxin pharmacokinetics and MDRl gene expression. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 60, 159-171 (2005). (Pubitemid 41075901)
99. Bournissen FG, Moretti ME, Juurlink DN, Koren G, Walker M, Finkelstein Y Polymorphism of the MDRl I ABCBl C3435T drug-transporter and resistance to anticonvulsant drugs: a meta-analysis. Epilepsia 50(4), 898-903 (2009).
100. Haerian BS, Roslan H, RaymondAA, et al. ABCBl C3435T polymorphism and the risk of resistance to antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure 19(6), 339-346 (2010).
101. Jiang ZP, Wang YR, Xu P, Liu RR, Zhao XL, Chen FP: Meta-analysis of the effect of MDRl C3435T polymorphism on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 103(5), 433-444 (2008).
102. Onnie CM, Fisher SA, Pattni R, et al. Associations of allelic variants of the multidrug resistance gene (ABCBl or MDRl) and inflammatory bowel disease and their effects on disease behavior: a case-control and meta-analysis study. Inflamm. BowelDis. 12(4), 263-271 (2006).
103. AnneseV, Valvano MR, Palmieri O, LatianoA, Bossa F, Andriulli A: Multidrug resistance 1 gene in inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis. WorldJ. Gastroenterol. 12(23), 3636-3644(2006). (Pubitemid 43950939)
104. Lu PH, Wei MX, Yang J, et al. Association between two polymorphisms of ABCBl and breast cancer risk in the current studies: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 125(2), 537-543 (2011).
105. Benet LZ: The drug transporter-metabolism alliance: uncovering and defining the interplay Mol. Pharm. 6(6), 1631-1643 (2009).
106. Pang KS, Maeng HJ, Fan J: Interplay of transporters and enzymes in drug and metabolite processing. Mol. Pharm. 6(6), 1734-1755 (2009).
107. Durr D, Stieger B, Kullak-Ublick GA, et al. St John's Wort induces intestinal P-glycoprotein/ MDRl and intestinal and hepatic CYP3A4. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 68(6), 598-604 (2000). (Pubitemid 32059985)
108. HajdaJ, Rentsch KM, Gubler C, Steinert H, Stieger B, Fattinger K: Garlic extract induces intestinal P-glycoprotein, but exhibits no effect on intestinal and hepatic CYP3A4 in humans. Eur. J. Pharm. Sa. 41(5), 729-735 (2010).
109. ZhouS, LimLY, ChowbayB: Herbal modulation of P-glycoprotein. DrugMetah. Rev. 36(1), 57-104 (2004). (Pubitemid 38387835)
110. Eloranta JJ, Kullak-Ublick GA: Coordinate transcriptional regulation of bile acid homeostasis and drug metabolism. Arch. Biochem. Biophys 433(2), 397-412 (2005). (Pubitemid 39592794)
111. Urquhart BL, Tirona RG, Kim RB: Nuclear receptors and the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters: implications for interindividual variability in response to drugs. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 47(5), 566-578 (2007). (Pubitemid 46632158)
112. Mottino AD, Catania VA: Hepatic drug transporters and nuclear receptors: regulation by therapeutic agents. WorldJ. Gastroenterol. 14(46), 7068-7074 (2008).
113. Klaassen CD, Aleksunes LM: Xenobiotic, bile acid, and cholesterol transporters: function and regulation. Pharmacol. Rev. 62(1), 1-96 (2010).
114. Ioannidis JP: Genetic associations: false or true? Trends Mol. Med. 9, 135-138 (2003). (Pubitemid 36626701)
115. Ioannidis JP, Trikalinos TA, Ntzani EE, Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG: Genetic associations in large versus small studies: an empirical assessment. Lancet 361, 567-571 (2003). (Pubitemid 36207475)
116. Kraft P, Zeggini E, Ioannidis JP: Replication in genome-wide association studies. Stat. Sci. 24(4), 561-573 (2009).
117. Hu M, To KK, Mak VW, Tomlinson B: The ABCG2 transporter and its relations with the pharmacokinetics, drug interaction and lipid-lowering effects of statins. Expert Opin. DrugMetab. Toxicol. 7(1), 49-62 (2011).
118. Sai K, Saito Y, Maekawa K, et al. Additive effects of drug transporter genetic polymorphisms on irinotecan pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in Japanese cancer patients. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 66(1), 95-105 (2010).
119. Cha PC, MushirodaT, Zembutsu H, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphism in ABCG2 is associated with irinotecan-induced severe myelosuppression. J. Hum. Genet. 54(10), 572-580 (2009).
120. De Jong FA, Marsh S, Mathijssen RH, et al. ABCG2 pharmacogenetics: ethnic differences in allele frequency and assessment of influence on irinotecan disposition. Clin. Cancer Res. 10(17), 5889-5894 (2004). (Pubitemid 39180970)
121. Han JY, Lim HS, Yoo YK, et al. Associations of ABCBl,ABCC2, andABCG2 polymorphisms with irinotecan-pharmacokinetics and clinical outcome in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 110(1), 138-147 (2007).
122. de Jong FA, de Jonge MJ, Verweij J, Mathijssen RH: Role of pharmacogenetics in irinotecan therapy. Cancer Lett. 234(1), 90-106 (2006). (Pubitemid 43343943)
123. Rau T, Erney B, Gores R, Eschenhagen T, Beck J, Langer T: High-dose methotrexate in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: impact of ABCC2 polymorphisms on plasma concentrations. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 80(5), 468-476 (2006). (Pubitemid 44737489)
124. Fujita K, Nagashima F, Yamamoto W, et al. Association of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family C, number 2 (ABCC2) genotype with pharmacokinetics of irinotecan in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with irinotecan plus infusional 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFIRI). Biol. Pharm. Bull. 31(11), 2137-2142 (2008).
125. de Jong FA, Scott-Horton TJ, Kroetz DL, et al. Irinotecan-induced diarrhea: functional significance of the polymorphic ABCC2 transporter protein. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 81(1), 42-49 (2007). (Pubitemid 46050866)
126. Miura M, Satoh S, Inoue K et air. Influence of SLCOIBI, 1B3, 2B1 andABCC2 genetic polymorphisms on mycophenolic acid pharmacokinetics in Japanese renal transplant recipients. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 63(12), 1161-1169 (2007). (Pubitemid 350112768)
127. ChoiJH,Ahn BM, Yi J ***/.: Afl?/>2 haplotypes confer differential susceptibility to toxic liver injury Pharmacogenet. Genomics 17(6), 403-415 (2007). (Pubitemid 46763385)
128. DalyAK,AithalGP, LeathartJB, Swainsbury RA, Dang TS, Day CP: Genetic susceptibility to diclofenac-induced hepatotoxicky: contribution of UGT2B7, CYP2C8, 2indABCC2 genotypes. Gastroenterology 132(1), 272-281 (2007). (Pubitemid 46108755)
129. Saito S, IidaA, Sekine A, et al. Identification of 779 genetic variations in eight genes encoding members of the ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (ABCC/MRP/CFTR. J. Hum. Genet. 47(4), 147-171 (2002). (Pubitemid 34496175)
130. LangT, Hitzl M, BurkO, et al. Genetic polymorphisms in the multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (ABCC3, MRP3) gene and relationship to its mRNA and protein expression in human liver. Pharmacogenetics 14(3), 155-164(2004). (Pubitemid 38373109)
131. Lee YM, Cui Y, KonigJ, et al. Identification and functional characterization of the natural variant MRP3-Argl297His of human multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3/ ABCC3). Pharmacogenetics 14(4), 213-223 (2004). (Pubitemid 38530513)
132. Fukushima-Uesaka H, Saito Y, Maekawa K, et al. Genetic variations of the ABC transporter genei?CC3 in a Japanese population. DrugMetab. Pharmacokinet. 22(2), 129-135 (2007).
133. Muller P, Asher N, Heled M, Cohen SB, Risch A, Rund D: Polymorphisms in transporter and phase II metabolism genes as potential modifiers of the predisposition to and treatment outcome of de novo acute myeloid leukemia in Israeli ethnic groups. Leuk. Res. 32(6), 919-929 (2008).
134. Campa D, Vodicka P, Pardini B, et al. Could polymorphisms in ATP-binding cassette C3/multidrug resistance associated protein 3 (ABCC3/MRP3) modify colorectal cancer nsk>. Eur. J. Cancer 44(6), 854-857 (2008).
135. Muller PJ, Dally H, Klappenecker CN, et al. Polymorphisms in ABCG2,ABCC3 and CNTl genes and their possible impact on chemotherapy outcome of lung cancer patients. Int. J. Cancer 124(7), 1669-1674 (2009).
136. Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M, Backman JT: Drug interactions with lipid-lowering drugs: mechanisms and clinical relevance. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 80(6), 565-581 (2006). (Pubitemid 44908269)
137. Rodrigues AC: Efflux and uptake transporters as determinants of statin response. Expert Opin. DrugMetah. Toxicol. 6(5), 621-632 (2010).
138. Neuvonen PJ: Drug interactions with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins): the importance of CYP enzymes, transporters and pharmacogenetics. Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs 11(3), 323-332 (2010).
139. Kim RB: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) and genetic variability (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in a hepatic drug uptake transporter: what's it all about? Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 75(5), 381-385 (2004). (Pubitemid 38534558)
140. Konig J, Seithel A, Gradhand U, Fromm MF: Pharmacogenomics of human OATP transporters. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 372(6), 432-443 (2006).
141. Romaine SP, Bailey KM, Hall AS, Balmforth AJ: The influence of SLCOlBl [OATPlBT) gene polymorphisms on response to statin therapy Pharmacogenomics J. 10(1), 1-11 (2010).
142. Niemi M: Transporter pharmacogenetics and statin toxicity. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 87(1), 130-133 (2010).
143. Tirona RG, Leake BF, Merino G, Kim RB: Polymorphisms in OATP-C: identification of multiple allelic variants associated with altered transport activity among European- and African-Americans. J. Biol. Chem. 276(38), 35669-35675 (2001).
144. Tirona RG, Leake BF, Wolkoff AW, Kim RB: Human organic anion transporting polypeptide-C (SLC21A6) is a major determinant of rifampin-mediated pregnane X receptor activation. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 304(1), 223-228 (2003). (Pubitemid 36008932)
145. Kuncl RW: Agents and mechanisms of toxic myopathy. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 22(5), 506-515 (2009).
146. Link E, Parish S, Armitage J, et al. SLCOlBl variants and statin-induced myopathy - a genomewide study. N. Engl. J. Med. 359(8), 789-799 (2008).
147. Niemi M, Pasanen MK, Neuvonen PJ: Organic anion transporting polypeptide lbl: a genetically polymorphic transporter of major importance for hepatic drug uptake. Pharmacol. Rev. 63, 157-181 (2011).
148. NozawaT, Nakajima M, Tamai I, et al. Genetic polymorphisms of human organic anion transporters OATP-C {SLC21A6) and OATP-B (SLC21A9): allele frequencies in the Japanese population and functional analysis. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302(2), 804-813 (2002). (Pubitemid 34787251)
149. Ho RH, Leake BF, Kim RB, Wang Y: 0ATP2B1 allelic variants differentially transport rosuvastatin in vitro. DrugMetah. Rev. 38(Suppl. 2), S240-S241 (2006).
150. Mougey EB, Feng H, Castro M, Irvin CG, Lima JJ: Absorption of montelukast is transporter mediated: a common variant of 0ATP2B1 is associated with reduced plasma concentrations and poor response. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 19(2), 129-138 (2009).
151. Mougey EB, Lang JE, Wen X, LimaJJ: Effect of citrus juice and SLC02B1 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of montelukast. J. Clin. Pharmacol. (2010) (Epub ahead of print).
152. Imanaga J, Kotegawa T, Imai H, et al. The effects of the SLC02B1 C.1457C > T polymorphism and apple juice on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine and midazolam in humans. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 21(2), 84-93 (2011).
153. Aoki M, Terada T, Ogasawara K, et al. Impact of regulatory polymorphisms in organic anion transporter genes in the human liver. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 19(8), 647-656 (2009).
154. Shu Y, Brown C, Castro RA, et al. Effect of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1, OCTl, on metformin pharmacokinetics. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 83(2), 273-280 (2008).
155. Shu Y, Sheardown SA, Brown C, et al. Effect of genetic variation in the organic cation transporter 1 (OCTl) on metformin action. J. Clin. Invest. 117(5), 1422-1431 (2007). (Pubitemid 46718430)
156. Zach O, Krieger O, Foedermayr M, Zellhofer B, Lutz D: OCTl (SLC22A1) R61C polymorphism and response to imatinib treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Leuk. Lymphoma 49(11), 2222-2223 (2008).
157. SakataT, Anzai N, KimuraT, et al. Functional analysis of human organic cation transporter OCT3 (SLC22A3) polymorphisms. J. Pharmacol. Sci. 113(3), 263-266 (2010).
158. Tzvetkov MV, Vormfelde SV, Balen D, et al. The effects of genetic polymorphisms in the organic cation transporters OCTl, OCT2, and OCT3 on the renal clearance of metformin. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 86(3), 299-306 (2009).
159. Sallinen R, Kaunisto MA, Forsblom C, et al. Association of the SLC22A1, SLC22A2, and SLC22A3 genes encoding organic cation transporters with diabetic nephropathy and hypertension. Ann. Med. 42(4), 296-304 (2010).
160. Gradhand U, Lang T, Schaeffeler E, et al. Variability in human hepatic MRP4 expression: influence of cholestasis and genotype. Pharmacogenomics J. 8(1), 42-52 (2008).
161. AblaN, Chinn LW, Nakamura T et al. The human multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4, ABCC4): functional analysis of a highly polymorphic gene. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 325(3), 859-868 (2008). (Pubitemid 351724335)
162. Janke D, Mehralivand S, Strand D, et al. 6-mercaptopurine and 9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxyethyl) adenine (PMEA) transport altered by two missense mutations in the drug transporter geneABCC4. Hum. Mutat. 29(5), 659-669 (2008). (Pubitemid 351614590)
163. Kiser JJ, Aquilante CL, Anderson PL, King TM, Carten ML, Fletcher CV: Clinical and genetic determinants of intracellular tenofovir diphosphate concentrations in HIV-infected patients. J Acquir. Immune Defie. Syndr. 47(3), 298-303 (2008). (Pubitemid 351619414)
164. Kiser JJ, Carten ML, Aquilante CL, et al. The effect of lopinavir/rkonavir on the renal clearance of tenofovir in HIV-infected patients. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 83(2), 265-272 (2008).
165. Rodriguez-Novoa S, Labarga P, Soriano V, et al. Predictors of kidney tubular dysfunction in HIV-infected patients treated with tenofovir: a pharmacogenetic study Clin. Infect. Dis 48(11), el08-ell6 (2009).
166. Ansari M, Sauty G, LabudaM, et al. Polymorphisms in multidrug resistance-associated protein gene 4 is associated with outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 114(7), 1383-1386 (2009).
167. Bruggemann M, Trautmann H, Hoelzer D, Kneba M, Gokbuget N, Raff T: Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) gene polymorphisms and treatment response in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 114(26), 5400-5401; author reply 5401-5402 (2009).
168. Low SK, Kiyotani K, Mushiroda T, Daigo Y, Nakamura Y, Zembutsu H: Association study of genetic polymorphism in ABCC4 with cyclophosphamide-induced adverse drug reactions in breast cancer patients. J. Hum. Genet. 54(10), 564-571 (2009).
169. Ban H, Andoh A, Imaeda H et al: The multidrug-resistance protein 4 polymorphism is a new factor accounting for thiopurine sensitivity in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease. J. Gastroenterol. 45(10), 1014-1021 (2010).
170. Chen Y, Teranishi K, Li S, et al. Genetic variants in multidrug and toxic compound extrusion-1, hMATEl, alter transport function. Pharmacogenomics. 9(2), 127-136 (2009).
171. Kajiwara M, Terada T, Ogasawara K, et al. Identification of multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATEl and MATE2-K) variants with complete loss of transport activity J. Hum. Genet. 54(1), 40-46 (2009).
172. Becker ML, Visser LE, van Schaik RH, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Strieker BH: Genetic variation in the multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 transporter protein influences the glucose-lowering effect of metformin in patients with diabetes: a preliminary study. Diabetes 58(3), 745-749 (2009).
173. Rane A, Lindh JD: Pharmacogenetics of anticoagulants. Hum. Genomics Proteomics 2010,754919 (2010).
174. Zeggini E, Ioannidis JP: Meta-analysis in genome-wide association studies. Pharmacogenomics 10(2), 191-201 (2009).
175. Daly AK, Donaldson PT, Bhatnagar P et al: HLA-B*5701 genotype is a major determinant of drug-induced liver injury due to flucloxacillin. Nat. Genet. 41(7), 816-819 (2009).
176. Russmann S, Jetter A, Kullak-Ublick GA: Pharmacogenetics of drug-induced liver injury. Hematology 52(2), 748-761 (2010).
177. Govindarajan R, Bakken AH, Hudkins KL et al: In situ hybridization and immunolocalization of concentrative and equilibrative nucleoside transporters in the human intestine, liver, kidneys, and placenta. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 293(5), R1809-R1822 (2007). (Pubitemid 350085657)
178. Gill RK, Saksena S, Alrefai WA et al: Expression and membrane localization of MCT isoforms along the length of the human intestine. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 289(4), C846-C852 (2005). (Pubitemid 41361640)
179. Lin RY, Vera JC, Chaganti RS, Golde DW: Human monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) is a high affinity pyruvate transporter. J. Biol. Chem. 273(44), 28959-28965 (1998). (Pubitemid 28507590)
180. Kullak-Ublick GA, GlasaJ, Boker C, et al. Chlorambucil-taurocholate is transported by bile acid carriers expressed in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Gastroenterology 113(4), 1295-1305 (1997). (Pubitemid 27418984)
181. Sun W, Wu RR, van Poelje PD, Erion MD: Isolation of a family of organic anion transporters from human liver and kidney Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 283(2), 417-422 (2001). (Pubitemid 32924708)
182. Shin HJ, Anzai N, Enomoto A, et al. Novel liver-specific organic anion transporter OAT7 that operates the exchange of sulfate conjugates for short chain fatty acid butyrate. Hepatology 45(4), 1046-1055 (2007). (Pubitemid 46631573)
183. Lee W, Glaeser H, Smith LH, et al. Polymorphisms in human organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1A2 (0ATP1A2): implications for altered drug disposition and central nervous system drug entry. J. Biol. Chem. 280(10), 9610-9617 (2005). (Pubitemid 40409657)
184. KonigJ, CuiY, NiesAT, Keppler D: A novel human organic anion transporting polypeptide localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 278, G156-G164 (2000). (Pubitemid 30108080)
185. KonigJ, CuiY, NiesAT, Keppler D: Localization and genomic organization of a new hepatocellular organic anion transporting polypeptide. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 23161-23168 (2000). (Pubitemid 30646210)
186. Kullak-Ublick GA, Ismair MG, Stieger B, et al. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide B (OATP-B) and its functional comparison with three other OATPs of human liver. Gastroenterology 120(2), 525-533 (2001). (Pubitemid 32147650)
187. Nies AT, Koepsell H, Winter S, et al. Expression of organic cation transporters OCTl (SLC22A1) and OCT3 (SLC22A3) is affected by genetic factors and cholestasis in human liver. Hepatology 50(4), 1227-1240 (2009).
188. PeltekovaVD, Wintle RF, Rubin LA et al: Functional variants of OCTNcation transporter genes are associated with Crohn disease. Nat. Genet. 36(5), 471-475 (2004). (Pubitemid 38620030)
189. Groneberg DA, Doring F, Eynott PR, Fischer A, Daniel H: Intestinal peptide transport: ex vivo uptake studies and localization of peptide carrier PEPTl. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 281(3), G697-G704 (2001).
190. Maliepaard M, van Gastelen MA, Tohgo A, et al. Circumvention of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-mediated resistance to camptothecins in vitro using non-substrate drugs or the BCRP inhibitor GF120918. Clin. Cancer Res. 7(4), 935-941 (2001). (Pubitemid 32708732)
191. Arceci RJ, Stieglitz K, Bras J, Schinkel A, Baas F, Croop J: Monoclonal antibody to an external epitope of the human mdrl P-glycoprotein. Cancer Res. 53(2), 310-317 (1993). (Pubitemid 23031842)
192. Berggren S, Gall C, WollnitzN et al: Gene and protein expression of P-glycoprotein, MRP1, MRP2, and CYP3A4 in the small and large human intestine. Mol Pharm. 4(2), 252-257 (2007). (Pubitemid 46640601)
193. Fromm MF, Kauffmann HM, Fritz P et al: The effect of rifampin treatment on intestinal expression of human MRP transporters. Am. J. Pathol. 157(5), 1575-1580 (2000).
194. Keppler D, Kartenbeck J: The canalicular conjugate export pump encoded by the cmrp/ cmoat gene. Prog. Liver Dis. 14, 55-67 (1996). (Pubitemid 26381335)
195. Scheffer GL, Kool M, de Haas M et al: Tissue distribution and induction of human multidrug resistant protein 3. Lab. Invest. 82(2), 193-201 (2002). (Pubitemid 34160456)
196. KonigJ, Rost D, CuiY, Keppler D: Characterization of the human multidrug resistance protein isoform MRP3 localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane. Hepatology 29'(4), 1156-1163 (1999). (Pubitemid 29168750)
197. Taipalensuu J, Tornblom H, Lindberg G et al: Correlation of gene expression often drug efflux proteins of the ATP-binding cassette transporter family in normal human jejunum and in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers.J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 299(1), 164-170 (2001). (Pubitemid 32905131)
198. Rius M, NiesAT, Hummel-EisenbeissJ, Jedlkschky G, Keppler D: Cotransport of reduced glutathione with bile salts by MRP4 (ABCC4) localized to the basolateral hepatocyte membrane. Hepatology 38(2), 374-384 (2003). (Pubitemid 36919858)
199. Scheffer GL, Hu X, Pijnenborg AC, Wijnholds J, Bergen AA, Scheper RJ: MRP6 (ABCC6) detection in normal human tissues and tumors. Lab. Invest. 82(4), 515-518 (2002). (Pubitemid 34311123)
200. Hopper E, Belinsky MG, Zeng H, Tosolini A, Testa JR, Kruh GD: Analysis of the structure and expression pattern of MRP7 (ABCC10), a new member of the MRP subfamily. Cancer Lett. 162(2), 181-191 (2001). (Pubitemid 32056287)
201. Yang Z, Wu D, Bui T, Ho RJ: A novel human multidrug resistance gene MDRl variant G571A (G191R) modulates cancer drug resistance and efflux transport. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 327(2), 474-481 (2008).
202. Sakurai A, Onishi Y, Hirano H et al: Quantitative structure - activity relationship analysis and molecular dynamics simulation to functionally validate nonsynonymous polymorphisms of human ABC transporter ABCBl (P-glycoprotein/ MDRl). Biochemistry 46(26), 7678-7693 (2007). (Pubitemid 47016053)
203. Crouthamel MH, Wu D, Yang Z, Ho RJ: A novel MDR1 G1199T variant alters drug resistance and effux transport activity of P-glycoprotein in recombinant Hek cells. J. Pharm. Sci. 95(12), 2767-2777 (2006). (Pubitemid 46093183)
204. Crouthamel MH, Wu D, Yang Z, Ho RJ: A novel MDR1 GT1292-3TG (Cys431Leu) genetic variation and its effect on P-glycoprotein biologic functions. AAPS J. 12(4), 548-555 (2010).
205. Kim RB, Leake BF, Choo EF, et al. Identifcation of functionally variant MDR1 alleles among European Americans and African-Americans. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 70(2), 189-199 (2001). (Pubitemid 32777772)
206. Morita N, Yasumori T, Nakayama K: Human MDR1 polymorphism: G2677T/A and C3435T have no effect on MDR1 transport activities. Biochem. Pharmacol. 65(11), 1843-1852 (2003). (Pubitemid 36629509)
207. Oselin K, Gerloff T, Mrozikiewicz PM, Pahkla R, Roots I: MDR1 polymorphisms G2677T in exon 21 and C3435T in exon 26 fail to affect rhodamine 123 effux in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 17(4), 463-469 (2003). (Pubitemid 36920648)
208. Salama NN, Yang Z, Bui T, Ho RJ: MDR1 haplotypes signifcantly minimize intracellular uptake and transcellular P-gp substrate transport in recombinant LLC-PK1 cells. J. Pharm. Sci. 95(10), 2293-2308 (2006). (Pubitemid 44568538)
209. Schaefer M, Roots I, Gerloff T: In-vitro transport characteristics discriminate wild-type ABCB1 (MDR1) from ALA893SER and ALA893THR polymorphisms. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 16(12), 855-861 (2006). (Pubitemid 44772803)
210. Storch CH, Klimm HD, Heinrich T, Haefeli WE, Weiss J: Plasma LDL cholesterol has no impact on P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ ABCB1) activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. 376(1-2), 135-143 (2007).
211. Mizuarai S, Aozasa N, Kotani H: Single nucleotide polymorphisms result in impaired membrane localization and reduced ATPase activity in multidrug transporter ABCG2. Int. J. Cancer 109(2), 238-246 (2004). (Pubitemid 38240926)
212. Kondo C, Suzuki H, Itoda M, et al. Functional ana lysis of SNPs variants of BCRP/ABCG2. Pharm. Res. 21(10), 1895-1903 (2004). (Pubitemid 39390103)
213. Morisaki K, Robey RW, Ozvegy-Laczka C, et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms modify the transporter activity of ABCG2. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 56(2), 161-172 (2005). (Pubitemid 40884271)
214. Tamura A, Watanabe M, Saito H, et al. Functional validation of the genetic polymorphisms of human ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2: identifcation of alleles that are defective in porphyrin transport. Mol. Pharm. 70(1), 287-296 (2006).
215. Gardner ER, Burger H, van Schaik RH, et al. Association of enzyme and transporter genotypes with the pharmacokinetics of imatinib. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 80(2), 192-201 (2006). (Pubitemid 44160695)
216. Tamura A, Wakabayashi K, Onishi Y, et al. Re-evaluation and functional classifcation of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms of the human ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2. Cancer Sci. 98(2), 231-239 (2007). (Pubitemid 44941876)
217. Li J, Cusatis G, Brahmer J, et al. Association of variant ABCG2 and the pharmacokinetics of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in cancer patients. Cancer Biol. Ther. 6(3), 432-438 (2007). (Pubitemid 47328313)
218. Tamura A, Onishi Y, An R, et al. In vitro evaluation of photosensitivity risk related to genetic polymorphisms of human ABC transporter ABCG2 and inhibition by drugs. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 22(6), 428-440 (2007).
219. Polgar O, Deeken JF, Ediriwickrema LS, et al. The 315-316 deletion determines the BXP-21 antibody epitope but has no effect on the function of wild type ABCG2 or the Q141K variant. Mol. Cell Biochem. 322(1-2), 63-71 (2009).
220. Pollex EK, Anger G, Hutson J, Koren G, Piquette-Miller M: Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)-mediated glyburide transport: effect of the C421A/Q141K BCRP single-nucleotide polymorphism. Drug Metab. Dispos. 38(5), 740-744 (2010).
221. Hirouchi M, Suzuki H, Itoda M, et al. Characterization of the cellular localization, expression level, and function of SNP variants of MRP2/ABCC2. Pharm. Res. 21(5), 742-748 (2004). (Pubitemid 39011294)
222. Kobayashi K, Ito K, Takada T, Sugiyama Y, Suzuki H: Functional ana lysis of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism type ATP-binding cassette transmembrane transporter subfamily C member 3. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 18(9), 823-833 (2008).
223. Schwarz UI, Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Tirona RG, et al. Identifcation of novel functional organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3 polymorphisms and assessment of substrate specifcity. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 21(3), 103-114 (2011).
224. Letschert K, Keppler D, Konig J: Mutations in the SLCO1B3 gene affecting the substrate specifcity of the hepatocellular uptake transporter OATP1B3 (OATP8). Pharmacogenetics 14(7), 441-452 (2004). (Pubitemid 38971234)
225. Shu Y, Leabman MK, Feng B, et al. Evolutionary conservation predicts function of variants of the human organic cation transporter, OCT1. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100(10), 5902-5907 (2003). (Pubitemid 36576905)
226. Kerb R, Brinkmann U, Chatskaia N, et al. Identifcation of genetic variations of the human organic cation transporter hOCT1 and their functional consequences. Pharmacogenetics 12(8), 591-595 (2002). (Pubitemid 36005667)
227. Sakata T, Anzai N, Shin HJ, et al. Novel single nucleotide polymorphisms of organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) affecting transport functions. Biochem. Biophys Res. Commun. 313(3), 789-793 (2004). (Pubitemid 38021900)
228. Lazar A, Walitza S, Jetter A, et al. Novel mutations of the extraneuronal monoamine transporter gene in children and adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 11(1), 35-48 (2008).
229. Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Verstuyft C, Kroemer HK, Becquemont L, Kim RB: Human multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE1/SLC47A1) transporter: functional characterization, interaction with OCT2 (SLC22A2), and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 298(4), F997-F1005 (2010).
230. Leschziner GD, Andrew T, Leach JP, et al. Common ABCB1 polymorphisms are not associated with multidrug resistance in epilepsy using a gene-wide tagging approach. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 17(3), 217-220 (2007). (Pubitemid 46668006)
231. Abbas S, Beckmann L, Chang-Claude J, et al. Polymorphisms in the BRCA1 and ABCB1 genes modulate menopausal hormone therapy associated breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 120(3), 727-736 (2010).
232. Nurmohamed L, Garcia-Bournissen F, Buono RJ, Shannon MW, Finkelstein Y: Predisposition to epilepsy - does the ABCB1 gene play a role? Epilepsia 51(9), 1882-1885 (2010).