Mechanisms of estrogen action

Physiological Reviews

Volumn 81, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 1535-1565

  Nilsson, S ^a   Makela S ^a   Treuter, E ^a   Tujague, M ^a   Thomsen, J ^a   Andersson, G ^a   Enmark, E ^a   Pettersson, K ^a   Warner, M ^a   Gustafsson, J A ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AROMATASE; AROMATIC HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR BETA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR;

BONE GROWTH; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; ESTROGEN ACTIVITY; GENE INACTIVATION; HUMAN; MALE GENITAL SYSTEM; MAMMARY GLAND FUNCTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN DNA INTERACTION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION; REVIEW; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

EID: 0034783960     PISSN: 00319333     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.4.1535     Document Type: Review

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208. A PCR analysis of ERα and ERβ mRNA abundance in rats and the effect of ovariectomy
209. Growth control of normal and malignant breast epithelium
210. Rip-140 interacts with multiple nuclear receptors by means of two distinct sites
211. Inhibition of prolactin receptor gene expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells
212. Identification and characterization of a novel functional estrogen receptor on human sperm membrane that interferes with progesterone effects
213. Placental abnormalities in mouse embryos lacking the orphan nuclear receptor ERR-beta
214. Multiple signal input and output domains of the 160-kilodalton nuclear receptor coactivator proteins
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216. Molecular determinants of the estrogen receptor-coactivator interface
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238. Characterization of membrane estrogen binding proteins from rabbit uterus
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241. Cloning and characterization of human estrogen receptor beta isoforms
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244. The pathophysiological role of estrogen receptor variants in human breast cancer
245. Women's health in the next millenium: Endocrinology is leading the way
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247. Cyclin D1 stimulation of estrogen receptor transcriptional activity independent of cdk4
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249. The unliganded estrogen receptor (ER) transduces growth factor signals
250. Interactions of nuclear receptor coactivator/corepressor proteins with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex
251. Different positioning of the ligand-binding domain helix 12 and the F domain of the estrogen receptor accounts for functional differences between agonists
252. Demonstration of estrogen receptor-β immunoreactivity in human growth plate cartilage
253. Sex steroids as a cause of adenocarcinoma of the dorsal prostate in Nb rats, and their influence on the growth of transplants
254. Ligand binding and co-activator assembly of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
255. Peptide antagonists of the human estrogen receptor
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257. Molecular cloning and characterization of human estrogen receptor βcx: A potential inhibitor of estrogen action in human
258. The one-to-four rule and paralogues of sex-determining genes
259. The steroid receptor coactivator-1 contains multiple receptor interacting and activation domains that cooperatively enhance the activation function 1 (AF1) and AF2 domains of steroid receptors
260. Serum oestradiol and oestrogen-receptor gene polymorphism are associated with bone mineral density independently of serum testosterone in normal males
261. Expression of estrogen receptor β in rat bone
262. Expression of estrogen receptor-alpha in cells of the osteoclastic lineage
263. The effects of estradiol, tamoxifen, and testosterone on the weights and histology of the epididymis and accessory sex organs of sexually immature rabbits
264. Differential ligand activation of estrogen receptors ERalpha and ERbeta at AP1 sites
265. Estrogen receptor (ER) modulators each induce distinct conformational changes in ER alpha and ER beta
266. Membrane estrogen receptors identified by multiple antibody labeling and impeded-ligand binding
267. Divergent pathways regulate ligand-independent activation of ER alpha in SK-N-BE neuroblastoma and COS-1 renal carcinoma cells
268. Cross-coupling between insulin and estrogen receptor in human neuroblastoma cells
269. Cellular localization of estrogen receptor beta messenger ribonucleic acid in cynomolgus monkey reproductive organs
270. Osteoclasts isolated from membranous bone in children exhibit nuclear estrogen and progesterone receptors
271. Identification of estrogen receptor beta2, a functional variant of estrogen receptor beta expressed in normal rat tissues
272. Expression of a novel member of estrogen response element-binding nuclear receptors is restricted to the early stages of chorion formation during mouse embryogenesis
273. Her-2 tyrosine kinase pathway targets estrogen receptor and promotes hormone-independent growth in human breast cancer cells
274. Structure of the ligand-binding domain of oestrogen receptor beta in the presence of a partial agonist and a full antagonist
275. Stereospecific, high affinity binding of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by hepatic cytosol. Evidence that the binding species is receptor for induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase
276. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons: Examination of the mechanism of toxicity
277. Functional synergy between the transcription factor Sp1 and the estrogen receptor
278. Role of estrogen receptor/Sp1 complexes in estrogen-induced heat shock protein 27 gene expression
279. Dopaminergic and ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors
280. c-Myc or cyclin D1 mimics estrogen effects on cyclin E-Cdk2 activation and cell cycle reentry
281. The hsp90-based chaperone system-involvement in signal transduction from a variety of hormone and growth factor receptors
282. Neonatal estrogen exposure up-regulates estrogen receptor expression in the developing and adult rat prostate lobes
283. The developmental pattern of androgen receptor expression in rat prostate lobes is altered after neonatal exposure to estrogen
284. Estrogen receptor-beta messenger ribonucleic acid ontogeny in the prostate of normal and neonatally estrogenized rats
285. Activation of PPAR gamma coactivator-1 through transcription factor docking
286. A cold-inducible coactivator of nuclear receptors linked to adaptive thermogenesis
287. The selective oestrogen receptor modulation: Evolution and clinical applications
288. Prostatic dysplasia associated with increased expression of c-myc in neonatally estrogenized mice
289. Transcriptional activation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 by 17β-estradiol in MCF-7 cells: Role of estrogen receptor-SP1 complexes
290. Oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes in first trimester human fetal gonadal development
291. 3 receptor in a ligand-dependent manner and enhances VDR transactivation in a cell-free system
292. Down-modulation of interleukin-6 gene expression by estradiol 17β in the absence of high affinity DNA binding by the estrogen receptor
293. Cell membrane and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) originate from a single transcript. Studies of ERα and ERβ expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells
294. The putative nuclear receptor mediator TIF1alpha is tightly associated with euchromatin
295. Impairment of spermatogenesis in mice lacking a functional aromatase (cyp 19) gene
296. Potentiation of human estrogen receptor alpha transcriptional activation through phosphorylation of serines 104 and 106 by the cyclin A-CDK2 complex
297. Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on hepatic and uterine estrogen receptor levels in rats
298. Advances in bone biology: The osteoclast
299. Transcription and translation of estrogen receptor-beta in the male reproductive tract of estrogen receptor-alpha knock-out and wild-type mice
300. The estrogen receptor locus is associated with a major gene influencing litter size in pigs
301. Trans-activation by the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator proteins: Direct interactions with basal transcription factors
302. Pattern of distribution of cells positive for estrogen receptor alpha and progesterone receptor in relation to proliferating cells in the mammary gland
303. Hydroxymatairesinol, a novel enterolactone precursor with antitumor properties from coniferous tree (Picea abies)
304. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and related compounds as antioestrogens: Characterization and mechanism of action
305. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta in the rodent mammary gland
306. Quantitative analysis of estrogen receptor proteins in rat mammary gland
307. Neonatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol permanently alters the basal and 17 beta-estradiol induced expression of c-fos proto-oncogene in mouse urethroprostatic complex
308. Dietary genistein exerts estrogenic effects upon the uterus, mammary gland and the hypothalamic/pituitary axis in rats
309. Developmental estrogenization and prostatic neoplasia
310. Expression of oestrogen receptor beta (ER beta) in multiple rat tissues visualised by immunohistochemistry
311. Risk of miscarriage and a common variant of the estrogen receptor gene
312. Femoral bone density and length in male and female estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) knockout mice
313. Incidence of an estrogen receptor polymorphism in breast cancer patients
314. Immunocytochemical localization of estrogen receptors in the normal male and female canine urinary tract and prostate
315. The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: How receptors discriminate between their response elements
316. An orphan nuclear hormone receptor that lacks a DNA binding domain and heterodimerizes with other receptors
317. Novel receptor interaction and repression domains in the orphan receptor SHP
318. Modulating nuclear receptor function: May the phos be with you
319. Abnormalities in functional development of the Sertoli cells in rats treated neonatally with diethylstilbestrol: A possible role for estrogens in Sertoli cell development
320. Rapid effects of estrogen and progesterone on tone and spontaneous rhythmic contractions of the rabbit bladder
321. The structural basis of estrogen receptor/coactivator recognition and the antagonism of this interaction by tamoxifen
322. Role of co-activators and co-repressors in the mechanism of steroid/thyroid receptor action
323. The mouse estrogen receptor-related orphan receptor alpha 1: Molecular cloning and estrogen responsiveness
324. Segregation of steroid receptor coactivator-1 from steroid receptors in mammary epithelium
325. Effect of the estrogen receptor locus on reproduction and production traits in four commercial pig lines
326. Comparative distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) and beta (ER-beta) mRNA in the rat pituitary, gonad, and reproductive tract
327. The nonresponsiveness of lactating mammary gland to estradiol
328. Developmental regulation of murine mammary progesterone receptor gene expression
329. Osteoprotegrin: A novel secreted protein involved in the regulation of bone density
330. Genetic mutations resulting in estrogen insufficiency in the male
331. Morphometric studies of neonatal estrogen imprinting in the mature mouse prostate
332. The orphan nuclear receptor estrogen-related receptor alpha is a transcriptional regulator of the human medium-chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase gene
333. Chromosomal mapping of the human and murine orphan receptors ERRalpha (ESRRA) and ERRbeta (ESRRB) and identification of a novel human ERRalpha-related pseudogene
334. Modulation of the ligand-independent activation of the human estrogen receptor by hormone and antihormone
335. Coactivator and corepressor regulation of the agonist/antagonist activity of the mixed antiestrogen, 4-hydroxytamoxifen
336. Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man
337. 17 Beta-estradiol hydroxylation catalyzed by human cytochrome P450 1A1: A comparison of the activities induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in MCF-7 cells with those from heterologous expression of the cDNA
338. The effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on estrogen metabolism in MCF-7 breast cancer cells: Evidence for induction of a novel 17 beta-estradiol 4-hydroxylase
339. In utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol: Adverse effects on the reproductive tract and reproductive performance and male and female offspring
340. Genistein exerts estrogen-like effects in male mouse reproductive tract
341. Dietary phytoestrogens and their role in hormonally dependent disease
342. Fundamentally different logic of gene regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
343. The TAFs in the HAT
344. A transcriptional coactivator, steroid receptor coactivator-3, selectively augments steroid receptor transcriptional activity
345. Estrogen-induced retinoic acid receptor α1 gene expression: Role of estrogen receptor-Sp1 complex
346. Novel ligands that function as selective estrogens or antiestrogens for estrogen receptor-alpha or estrogen receptor-beta
347. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacts with transcription factor IIB
348. Direct effects of 17β-estradiol on trabecular bone in ovariectomized rats
349. Tamoxifen resistant breast cancer: Coregulators determine the direction of transcription by antagonist-occupied steroid receptors
350. The first contiguous estrogen receptor gene from a fish, Oreochromis aureus: Evidence for multiple transcripts
351. Estrogen receptor mutations
352. Molecular cloning of an estrogen receptor beta subtype from the goldfish, Carassius auratus
353. Transcriptional suppression of estrogen receptor gene expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
354. Prostate gland growth during development is stimulated in both male and female rat fetuses by intrauterine proximity to female fetuses
355. Molecular cloning and characterization of Japanese eel estrogen receptor cDNA
356. The human estrogen receptor has two independent nonacidic activation functions
357. Ligand-independent recruitment of SRC-1 to estrogen receptor beta through phosphorylation of activation function AF-1
358. Cloning, chromosomal localization, and functional analysis of the murine estrogen receptor β
359. A regulatory role for RIP140 in nuclear receptor activation
360. Competition between TRAP220 and TIF2 for binding to nuclear receptors
361. Regulation of estrogen receptor transcriptional enhancement by the cyclin A/Cdk2 complex
362. Smrter, a Drosophila nuclear receptor coregulator, reveals that EcR-mediated repression is critical for development
363. Molecular mechanisms of action of steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily members
364. Mice, estrogen and postmenopausal osteoporosis
365. Skeletal effects of estrogen
366. Differential effects of androgens on cortical bone histomorphometry in gonadectomized male and female rats
367. Determinants of target gene specificity for steroid/thyroid hormone
368. Transcriptional activities of the orphan nuclear receptor ERR alpha (estrogen receptor-related receptor-alpha)
369. Activation of the thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene promoter by the orphan nuclear receptor ERR alpha
370. Activation of the osteopontin promoter by the orphan nuclear receptor estrogen receptor related alpha
371. Transcriptional targets shared by estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) and estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, but not by ERbeta
372. Aromatase inhibition impares skeletal modeling and decreases bone mineral density in growing male rats
373. Induction of cytochrome P-450IA1, IA2, IIB1, IIB2 and IIE1 by broccoli in rat liver and colon
374. Ontogeny of estrogen receptor-beta expression in rat testis
375. A role for estrogen-related receptor alpha in the control of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation during brown adipocyte differentiation
376. Expression and localization of estrogen receptor-β in murine and human bone
377. Disproportional body growth in female estrogen receptor-α inactivated mice
378. Prostate enlargement in mice due to fetal exposure to low doses of estradiol or diethylstilbestrol and opposite effects at high doses
379. Identification of a functional imperfect estrogen-responsive element in the 5′-promoter region of the human cathepsin D gene
380. Mammary hyperplasia and carcinoma in MMTV-cyclin D1 transgenic mice
381. The estrogen receptor family
382. Autoradiographic demonstration of binding sites for oestradiol and dihydrotestosterone in the urinary tract of male and female baboons
383. Tamoxifen activation of the estrogen receptor/AP1 pathway: Potential origin for the cell-specific estrogen-like effects of antiestrogens
384. Estrogen receptor activation function 1 works by binding p160 coactivator proteins
385. The estrogen receptor enhances AP-1 activity by two distinct mechanisms with different requirements for receptor transactivation functions
386. Steroid hormone receptors and their regulation by phosphorylation
387. Ligand-independent activation of steroid hormone receptors
388. ERβ, a modulator of ERα in the uterus
389. Overexpression of cyclin D mRNA distinguishes invasive and in situ breast carcinomas from non-malignant lesions
390. The human estrogen receptor structural gene contains a DNA sequence that binds activated mouse and human Ah receptors: A possible mechanism of estrogen receptor regulation by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
391. Signaling through the stromal epidermal growth factor receptor is necessary for mammary ductal development
392. Fertility in men exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol
393. Sv40 early-to-late switch involves titration of cellular transcriptional repressors
394. Cellular distribution of estrogen receptor β in neonatal rat bone
395. Increased cortical bone mineral content but unchanged trabecular bone mineral density in female ERβ -/- mice
396. Chromatin remodeling regulated by steroid and nuclear receptors
397. Chromatin disruption and modification
398. Crosstalk between estrogen receptor alpha and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in breast cancer cells involves unidirectional activation of proteasomes
399. A canonical structure for the ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptors
400. Partial hormone resistance in mice with disruption of the steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) gene
401. Coactivator and corepressor complexes in nuclear receptor function
402. Estrogen-related receptor, hERR1, modulates estrogen receptor-mediated response of human lactoferrin gene promoter
403. Antiestrogenic effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on 17 beta-estradiol-induced pS2 expression
404. Evidence for the mechanism of action of the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated decrease of nuclear estrogen receptor levels in wild-type and mutant mouse hepa 1c1c7 cells
405. Estrogen receptor-negative epithelial cells in mouse mammary gland development and growth
406. A novel role for helix 12 of retinoid X receptor in regulating repression
407. Multiple splicing variants of the estrogen receptor are present in individual human breast tumors
408. A role for estrogen receptor as in the regulation of growth of the ventral prostate
409. Nuclear receptors have distinct affinities for coactivators: Characterization by fluorescence resonance energy transfer
410. Amplification and overexpression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor binding protein (PBP/PPARBP) gene in breast cancer
411. Estrogen receptor beta activates the human retinoic acid receptor alpha-1 promoter in response to tamoxifen and other estrogen receptor antagonists, but not in response to estrogen
412. Simian virus 40 late gene expression is regulated by members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily
413. Possible linkage of the estrogen receptor gene to breast cancer in a family with late-onset disease
414. Cdk-independent activation of estrogen receptor by cyclin D1