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14444272546
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note
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The ERE- and AP1-driven luciferase reporter plasmids [(EREII-Luc GL450) and Δcoll73, respectively] and the ERα expression plasmid (pSG5-HEO) were used as previously described (9). The rat ERβ expression vector has been previously described (10). The full-length human ERβ cDNA, which was isolated from an ovarian cDNA library and found to be identical to the previously reported partial cDNA clone (11), was cloned into the pCMV5 eukaryotic expression vector (E. Enmark et al., unpublished data), and the resulting ERβ expression vector was used for these experiments. Western blotting of rat mammary gland and prostate nuclear extracts probed with polyclonal antibodies raised against ERβ ligand-binding domain (LBD) and preadsorbed on a column of ERα LBD-coupled Sepharose showed that in both breast and prostate nuclear extracts the major band recognized by the antibody has the same mobility as full-length bacculovirus-expressed ERβ. This indicates that our ERβ expression vector encodes the major isoform of ERβ in these tissues (T. Rylander, M. P. Huikko, J.-Å. Gustafsson, unpublished data).
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16
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14444284845
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note
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The data presented in this paper were obtained with the HEO ERα variant. HEO shows reduced transactivation response from the unliganded receptor compared with the wild-type ERα, resulting in clearer ligand-induced transactivation data. Each experiment with ERα was also checked with the wild-type ERα (HEGO), and the general ligand induction trends were found to be the same as those obtained with HEO. The only difference was that the ligand-induced transactivation responses were lower with HEGO than with the control (no ligand added).
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17
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14444279219
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note
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Transactivation experiments were performed with both rat and human ERβ, and identical trends in ligand behavior were seen with both ERβs in HeLa cells.
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18
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14444286745
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note
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13C NMR, ultraviolet spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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19
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14444279435
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note
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4, 4 mM EGTA, and 15 mM potassium phosphate at pH 7.8, with the addition of DTT to a final concentration of 1 mM, adenosine triphosphate to a final concentration of 2 mM, and luciferin (Analytical Luminescence Laboratories) to a final concentration of 200 μM shortly before commencement of the assay. Luminescence measurements were performed on a Monolight 1500 (Analytical Luminescence Laboratories). The relative light units reported have been adjusted to a scale of 100 for uniformity.
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20
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14444288794
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K. Paech et al., unpublished data
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K. Paech et al., unpublished data.
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14444286018
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note
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The human ERβ was used for transactivation experiments in Ishikawa, MDA453, and MCF7 cells.
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22
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0031039888
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K. Grandien et al., unpublished data.
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G. G. J. M. Kuiper et al., Endocrinology 138, 863 (1997); K. Grandien et al., unpublished data.
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Kuiper, G.G.J.M.1
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14444283404
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note
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Supported by grants from NIH (GM 50672 to T.S.S.), the Swedish Cancer Society (J.-Å.G.), and the U.S. Army and University of California Breast Cancer Research Programs (P.J.K.). We thank K. Yamamoto and R. Weatherman for helpful discussions.
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