Applications and limitations of genetically modified mouse models in drug discovery and development

Current Drug Metabolism

Volumn 9, Issue 5, 2008, Pages 419-438

  Lin, Jiunn H ^a  

^a MERCK RESEARCH LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR); Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR); Cytochrome P450 (CYP); Genetically modified mouse models; Humanized mouse models; Influx and efflux transporters; Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR); Pregnane X receptor (PXR)

Indexed keywords

2,3,7,8 TETRACHLORODIBENZO PARA DIOXIN; 7,12 DIMETHYLBENZ[A]ANTHRACENE; ACETYL COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE; ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE; AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; CAFFEINE; CLOPIDOGREL; CONSTITUTIVE ANDROSTANE RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME P450; CYTOCHROME P450 1A1; CYTOCHROME P450 1A2; CYTOCHROME P450 2D; CYTOCHROME P450 2D6; CYTOCHROME P450 2E1; CYTOCHROME P450 3A4; DEBRISOQUINE; GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER 2; GLYCOPROTEIN P; KETOCONAZOLE; METFORMIN; MIDAZOLAM; PARACETAMOL; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; PURINERGIC P2Y1 RECEPTOR; THEOPHYLLINE; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN; UNINDEXED DRUG; XENOBIOTIC AGENT; ZOXAZOLAMINE;

ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TESTING ALTERNATIVE; ANIMAL USE; BIRTH DEFECT; CANCER RESEARCH; DNA MODIFICATION; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG RESEARCH; DRUG TRANSPORT; ENZYME METABOLISM; EXPERIMENTAL MOUSE; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE TARGETING; GENETIC ENGINEERING; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; LIVER TOXICITY; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE; PHENOTYPIC VARIATION; PREDICTIVE VALIDITY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SPECIES DIFFERENTIATION; THROMBOCYTE AGGREGATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TOXICITY TESTING; TRANSGENIC MOUSE;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; DRUG DESIGN; MICE; MICE, TRANSGENIC; PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS; PHARMACOKINETICS; PHARMACOLOGY; RATS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 47749137002     PISSN: 13892002     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138920008784746355     Document Type: Review

References (187)

1. Lin, J.H. and Lu, A-H. (1997) Pharmacol. Rev., 49(4), 403-449.
2. Davey, R.A. and MacLean, H.E. (2006) Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab., 291(3), E429-E438.
3. Bluher, M. (2005) Best Pract. Res. Chn. Endocrinol. Metab., 19(4), 605-623.
4. Bolon, B. (2004) Basic Clin. Pathol. Toxicol., 95(4), 154-161.
5. Bolon, B. and Galbreath, E.J. (2002) Int. J. Toxicol., 21(1), 55-64.
6. Gulezian, D.; Jacobson-Kram, D.; McCullough, C.B.; Olson, H.; Recio, L.; Robinson, D.; Storer, R.; Tennant, R.; Ward, J.M. and Neumann, D.A. (2000) Toxicol. Pathol., 28(3), 482-499.
7. Lin, J.H. (1995) Drug Metab. Dispos., 23(10), 1008-1021.
8. Bogaards, J. J. P.; Bertrand, M.; Jackson, P.; Oudshoom, M.J.; Weaver, R.J.; Van Bladeren, P.J. and Walther, B. (2000) Xenobiotica, 30(12), 1131-1151
9. Baltes, S.; Gastens, A.M.; Fedrowitz, M.; Potschka, H.; Kaever, V. and Loscher, W. (2006) Neuropharmacol., 52(2), 333-346.
10. Katoh, M.; Suzuyama, N.: Takeuchi, T.; Yoshitomi, S.; Asahi, S. and Yokoi, T. (2006) J. Pharm. Sci., 95(12), 2673-2683.
11. Gonzalez, F. J. and Yu, A-M. (2006) Annu Rep. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 46, 41-64.
12. Xie, W. and Evans, R.M. (2002) Drug Discov. Today, 7(9), 509-515.
13. Mervaala, E.; Muller, D.N.; Park, J-H.; Dechend, R.; Schmidt, F.; Fiebeler, A.; Bieringer, M.; Breu, V.; Ganten, D.; Haller, H. and Luft, F.C. (2000) Hypertension, 35(part 2), 360-366.
14. Kelly, D.J.; Wilkinson-Berka, J.L.; Allen, T.J.; Cooper, M.E. and Skinner, S.L.(1998) Kidney Internal., 54(2), 343-352.
15. Drews, J. (1998) Nat. Biorechnol., 16(Suppl), 22-24.
16. Hopkins, A.L. and Groom, C.R. (2002) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 1(9), 727-730.
17. Harris, H. (2001) Drug Discov. Today, 6(12), 628-636.
18. Zambrowicz, B. and Sands, A.T. (2003) Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2(1), 38-51.
19. Austin, C.P. et al. (2004) Naure Genet., 36(9), 921-924.
20. Auwerx, J. et al. (2004) Naure Genet., 36(9), 925-927.
21. Zhou, G.; Myers, R.; Li, Y.; Chen, Y.; Shen, X.; Fenyk-Melody, J.; Wu, M.; Ventre, J.; Doebber, T.; Fujii, N.; Musi, N.; Hirshman, M.F.; Goodyear, L. J. and Moller, D.E. (2001) J. Clin. Invest., 108(8), 1167-1174.
22. Abu-Elheiga, L.; Matzuk, M.M.; Abo-Hashema, K.A.H. and Wakil, S.J. (2001) Science, 291(5513), 2613-2616.
23. Gachet, C. (2005) Pharmacol. Ther., 108(2), 180-192.
24. Leon, C.; Hechler, B.; Freund, M.; Eckly, A.; Vial, C.; Ohlmann, P.; Dierich, A.; LeMeur, M.; Cazenave, J.P. and Gachet, C. (1999) J. Clin. Invest., 104(12), 1663-1665.
25. Foster, C.J.; Prosser, D.M.; Agana, J.M.; Zhai, Y.; Smith, M.D.; Lachowicz, J.E.; Zhang, F.L.; Monsma, F.J. Jr.; Wiekowski, M.T.; Abbondanzo, S.J.; Cook, D.N.; Bayne, M.L.; Lira, S.A. and Chintala, M.S. (2001) J. Clin. Invest., 107(12), 1591-1598.
26. Murugappa, S. and Kunapull, S.P. (2006) Front. Biosci., 11(5), 1977-1986.
27. Zlokovic, B.V. (2005) Trends Neurosci., 28(4), 202-208.
28. Luo, Y.; Bolon, B.; Kahn, S.; Bennett, B.D.; Babu-Khan, S.; Denis, P.; Fan, W.; Kha, H.; Zhang, J.; Gong, Y.; Martin, L.; Louis, J-C.; Yan, Q.; Richard, W.G.; Citron, M. and Vassar, R. (2001) Nat. Neurosci., 4(3), 231-232.
29. Benecke, H.; Flier, J.S.; Rosenthal, N.; Siddle, K,; Klein, H.H. and Moller, D.E. (1993) Diabetes, 42(2), 206-212.
30. Accili, D.; Drago, J.; Lee, E.J.; Johson, M.D.; Cool, M.H.; Salvatore, P.; Asico, L.D.; Jose, PA; Taylor, S.L. and Westphal, H. (1996) Nat. Genet., 12(1), 106-109.
31. Guillam, M.T.; Hummler, E.; Schaerer, E.; Yeh, J.L.; Birnbaum, M.J.; Beermann, F.; Schmidt, A.; Deriaz, N. and Thorens, B. (1997) Nat. Genet., 17(3), 327-330.
32. Terauchi, Y.; Sakura, H.; Yasuda, K.; Iwamoto, K.; Takahashi, N.; Ito, K.; Kasai, H.; Suzuki, H.; Ueda, O.; Kamada, N.; Jishage, K.; Komeda, K.; Noda, M.; Kanazawa, Y.; Taniguchi, S.; Miwa, I.; Akanuma, Y.; Kodama, T.; Yazaka, Y. and Kadowaki, T. (1995) J. Biol. Chem., 270(51), 30253-30256.
33. Hanahan, D.; Wagner, E.F. and Palmiter, R.D. (2007) Genes Dev., 21(18), 2258-2270.
34. Bergers, G.; Hanahan, D. and Coussens, L.M. (1998) Int. J. Dev. Biol., 42(7), 995-1002.
35. van Steeg, H.; de Vries, A.; van Oostrom, C.T.; van Benthem, J.; Beems, R. B. and van Kreijl, C.F. (2001) Toxicol. Pathol., 29(Suppl), 109-116.
36. Song, D.D.; Shults, C.W.; Sisk, A.; Rockenstein, E. and Masliah, E. (2004) Exp. Neurol., 186(2), 158-172.
37. Nieto, M.; Gil-Bea, F.J.; Dalfo, E.; Cuadrado, M.; Cabodevilla, F.; Sanchez, B.; Catena, S.; Sesma, T.; Ribe, E.; Ferrer, I.; Ramirez, M.J. and Gomez-Isla, T. (2006) Neurobiol. Aging, 27(6), 848-856.
38. Yu, W.H.; Matsuoka, Y.; Sziraki, I.; Hashim, A.; LaFrancois, J.; Sershen, H. Duff, K.E. (2007) Neurochem. Res., 33(5), 902-911.
39. Tee, L.B.; Davis, D.S.; Seddon, C.E. and Boobis, A.R. (1987) Biochem. Pharmacol., 36(7), 1041-1052.
40. Thummel, K.E.; Slattery, J. T. and Nelson, S. D. (1988) J Pharmacol Exp Ther., 245(1), 129-136.
41. Lee, S.S.; Buters, J.T.; Pineau, T. Fernandez-Salguero, P. and Gonzalez, J.F. (1996) J. Biol. Chem., 271(20), 12063-12067.
42. Wolf, K. K.; Wood, S. G.; Allard, J.L.; Hunt, J. A.; Gorman, N.; Walton-Strong B.W.; Szakacs, J.G.; Duan, S.X.; Hao, Q.; Court, M.H.; von Moltke, L.L.; Greenblatt, D.J.; Kostrabsky, V.; Jeffery, E.H.; Wrighton, S.A.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Sinclair, P.R. and Sinclair, J.F. (2007) Drug Metab. Dispos., 35(7), 1223-1231.
43. Valentine, J.L.; Lee, S.S.; Seaton, M.J.; Asgharian, B.; Farris, G.; Cotton, J.C.; Gonzalez J.F. and Medinsky, M.A. (1996). Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 141(1), 205-213.
44. Cheung, C.; Yu, A-M.; Ward, J.M.; Krausz, K.W.; Akiyama, T.E.; Feigenbaum, L. and Gonzale, F.J. (2005) Drug Metab. Dispos., 33(3), 449-457.
45. Couture, L. A.; Abbott, B. D. and Birnbaum, L. S. (1990) Teratology, 42(6), 619-627.
46. Dragin, N.; Dalton, T.P.; Miller, M.L.; Shertzer, H.G. and Nebert, D.W. (2006) J. Biol. Chem., 281(27), 18591-18600.
47. Poland, A.; Teitelbaum, P. and Glover, E. (1989) Mol. Pharmacol., 36(1), 113-120.
48. Dey, A.; Jones, J. E. and Nebert, D. W. (1999) Biochem. Pharmacol., 58(3), 525-537
49. Dragin, N.; Uno, S.; Wang, B.; Dalton, T.P. and Nebert, W. (2007) Biochem Biophy. Res. Comm., 359(3), 635-642.
50. Gonzalez, F.J. (2001) Toxicol. Lett., 120(2), 199-208.
51. Okey, A.B. (2007) Toxicol. Sci., 98(1), 5-38.
52. Okey, A.B.; Boutros, P.C. and Harper, P.A. (2005) Pharmacogenet. Genomics, 15(3), 371-379.
53. Ema, M.; Ohe, N.; Suzuki, M.; Mimura, J.; Sogawa, K.; Ikawa, S. and Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. (1994) J. Biol. Chem., 269(44), 27337-27343.
54. Pohjanvitrta, R.; Wong, J.M.Y.; Li, W.; Harper, P.A.; Tuomisto, J. Okey, A.B. (1998) Mol. Pharmacol., 54(1), 86-93.
55. Moriguchi, M.; Motohasi, H.; Hosoya, T.; Nakajima, O.; Takahashi, S.; Ohsako, S.; Aoki, Y.; Nishimura, N.; Tohyama, C.; Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. and Yamamoto, M. (2003) Proc. Nat, Acad. Sci. USA, 100(10), 5652-5657.
56. Schoonjans, K.; Staels, B. and Auwerx, J. (1996) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1302(1), 93-109.
57. Lee, S.S.; Pineau, T.; Lee, F.J.; Owens, J.W.; Kroetz, D.L; Fernandez-Salguero, P.M.; Westphal, H. and Gonzalez, F.J. (1995) Mol. Cell Biol., 15(6), 3012-3022.
58. Kersten, S.; Seydoux, J.; Peters, J.M.; Gonzalez, F.J.; Desvergne, B. and Wahli, W. (1999) J. Clin. Invest., 103(11), 1489-1498.
59. Peters, J.M.; Cattley, R.C. and Gonzalez, F.J. (2003) Carcinogenesis, 18(11), 2029-2033.
60. Gonzalez, F.J. (2007) Nutr. Rev., 65(6), S2-S6.
61. Elcombe, C.R. and Michell, A.M. (1986) Environ. Health Perspect., 70(3), 211-219.
62. Ljung, B.; Bamberg, K.; Dahllöf, B.; Kjellstedt, A.; Oakes, N.O.; Jörgen Östling, J.; Svensson, L. and Camejo, G. (2002) J. Lipid Res., 43(11), 1955-1863.
63. Palmer, C.N.; Hsu, M-H.; Griffin, K.J.; Raucy, J.L. and Johson, E.F. (1998) Mol. Pharmacol., 53(1), 14-22.
64. Cheung, C.; Akiyama, T.E.; Ward, J.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Feigenbaum, L.; Vinson, C. and Gonzalez, F.J. (2004) Cancer Res., 64(11), 3849-3854.
65. Morimura, K.; Cheung, C.; Ward, J.M.; Reddy, J.K. and Gonzalez, F.J. (2006) Carcinogenesis, 27(5), 1074-1080.
66. Lin, J.H. and Lu, A.Y.H. (1998) Clin. Pharmacokinet., 35(5), 361-390.
67. Lin, J.H. and Rodrigues, A.D. (2001) in Pharmacokinetic Optimization in Drug Research. (Testa, B.; van de Waterbeemd, H.; Folkers, G. and Guy, R. Eds) Wiley-VCH New York. pp217-243.
68. Lin, J.H. (1999) Drug Metab. Dispos., 26(12), 1202-1212.
69. Nelson, D.R.; Zeldin, D.C.; Hoffman, S.M.; Maltais, L.J.; Wain, H.M. and Nebert, D.W. (2004) Pharmacogenetics, 14(1), 1-18.
70. Whitlock, J.P. Jr. (1999) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 39(1), 103-125.
71. Dalton, T.P.; Dieter, M.Z.; Matlib, R.S.; Childs, N.L.; Shertzer, H.G.; Genter, M.B. and Nebert, D.W. (2000) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 267(2), 184-189.
72. Ling, H.C.; Li, H.; McKinnon, R.A.; Duffy, J.J.; Potter, S.S.; Puga, A. and Nebert, D.W. (1996) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93(4), 1671-1676.
73. Buters, J.T.; Sakai, S.; Richter, T.: Pineau, T.; Alexander, D.L.; Savas, U.; Doehmer, J.; Ward, J.M.; Jefcoate, C.R. and Gonzalez, J.F. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96(5), 1977-1082.
74. Buters, J.T.; Tang, B.K.; Pineau, T.; Gelboin, H.V.; Kimura, S. and Gonzalez, F.J. (1996) Pharmacogenetics, 6(4), 291-296.
75. Derkenne, S.; Curran, C.P.; Shertzer, H.G.; Dalton, T.P.; Dragin, N. and Nebert, D.W. (2005) Pharmacogenet. Genomics, 15(7), 503-511.
76. Jiang, Z.; Dalton, T.P.; Jin, L; Wang, B.; Tsuneoka, Y.; Shertzer, H.G.; Deka, R. and Nebert, D.W. (2005) Hum. Mutat., 25(2), 196-206.
77. Blume, N.; Leonard, J.; Xu, Z.J.; Watanabe, O.; Remotti, H. and Fishman. J. (2000) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 381(2), 191-204.
78. Martignoni, M.; Croothuis, G.M.M. and de Kanter, R. (2006) Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 2(6), 875-894.
79. Hiroi, T.; Chow, T.; Imaoka, S. and Funae, Y. (2002) Drug Metab. Dispos., 30(9), 970-976.
80. Masubuchi, Y.; Iwasa, T.; Hosokawa, S.; Suzuki, T.; Horie, T.; Imaoka, S.; Funae, Y. and Narimatsu, S. (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 282(3), 1435-1441.
81. Nebert, D.W. Russell, D.W. (2002) Lancet 360(9340), 1155-1162.
82. Ingelman-Sundberg, M. (2005) Pharmacogenomics J., 5(1), 6-13.
83. Zanger, U.M.; Raimundo, S. and Eichelbaum, M. (2004) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol., 369(1), 23-37.
84. Corchero, J.; Granvil, C.P.; Akiyama, T.E.; Hayhurst, G.P.; Rimprale, S.; Feigenbaum, L.; Idle, J.R. and Gonzalez, F.J. (2001) Mol. Pharmacol., 60(6), 1260-1267.
85. Sladek, F.M. (1994) in Liver Gene Expression (Tronche, F. and Yaniv, M. Eds) R.G. Lander Company, Austin TX, pp207-230.
86. Daly, A.K. (2006) Clin. Pharmacokinet., 45(1), 13-31.
87. Guengrich, F.P. (1999) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 39, 1-17.
88. Granvil, C.P.; Yu, A-M.; Elizondo, G.; Akiyama, T.E.; Cheung, C.; Feigenbaum, L.; Krausz, K.W. and Gonzalez, F.J. (2003) Drug Metab. Dispos., 31(5), 548-558.
89. Yu, A-M.; Fukamachi, K.; Krausz, K.W.; Cheung, C. and Gonzalez, F.J. (2005) Endocrinology, 146(7), 2911-1919.
90. Felmlee, M.A.; Lon, H-K.; Gonzalez, F.J. and Yu, A-M. (2008) Drug Metab. Dispos., 36(2), 435-441.
91. Board, P.G. (2007) Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol., 3(3), 421-433.
92. Popova, N.K.; Gilinskii, M.A. and Amstislavskaya, T.G. (2004) Bull. Exp. Biol. Med., 137(4), 382-384.
93. Pauli-Magnus, C. and Meier, P.J. (2005) J. Clin. Gastroenterol., 39(4suppl. 2), S103-S110.
94. Funk, C.; Pantze, M.; Jehle, L.; Ponelle, C.; Scheuermann, G.; Lazendic, M. and Gaesser, R. (2001) Toxicology, 167(1), 83-98.
95. Schinkel, A.H.; Smit, J.J.M.; van Tellingen, O.; Beijnen, J.H.; Wagnaar E.; van Deemter, L.; Mol, C.A.A.M.; van der Valk MA.; Robanus-Maandag, E.C.; te Riele, H.P.J.; Berns, A..J.M. and Borst, P. (1994) Cell, 77(4), 491-502.
96. Schinkel, A.H.; Wagenaar, E.; van Deemter, L.; Mol, C.A.A.M. and Borst, P. (1995) J. Clin. Invest., 96(4), 1698-1705.
97. Schinkel, A.H.; Mayer, U.; Wagenaar, E.; Mol, C.A.A.M.; van Deemter, L.; Smit, J.J.M.; van der Valk M.A.; Voordouw,A.C.; Sprits, H.; van Tellingen, O.; Zijlmans, J.M.J.M.; Fibbe, W.E. and Borst, P. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94(4), 4028-4033.
98. Schinkel, A.H.; Wagenaar, E.; Mol, C.A. and van Deemter, L. (1996) J. Clin. Invest., 97(11), 2517-2524.
99. Yamazaki M.; Neway W.E.; Ohe T.; Chen I-W.; Rowe J.F.; Hochman J.H.; Chiba M. and Lin J.H. (2001). J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 296(3), 723-735.
100. Polli, J.W.; Jarrett, J.L.; Studenberg, S.D.; Humphreys, J.E.; Dennis, S.W.; Brouwer, K.R. and Woolley, J.L. (1999) Pharm. Res., 16(8), 1206-1211
101. Choo, E.F.; Leake, B.; Wandel, C.; Imamura, H.; Wood, A.J.J.; Wilkinson, G.R. and Kim R.B. (2000) Drug Metab. Dispos., 28(6), 655-660.
102. Yokogawa, K.; Takahashi, M.; Tamai, I.; Konishi, H.; Nomura, M.; Moritani, S.; Miyamoto, K. and Tsuji, A. (1999) Pharm. Res., 16(8), 1213-1218.
103. Borst, P.; Evers, R.; Kool, M. and Wijnholds. (2000) J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 92(16), 1295-1302.
104. Eisenblatter, T. and Galls, H-J. (2002) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm., 293(4), 1273-1278.
105. Potschka, H.; Fedrowitz, M. and Loscher, W. (2003) J.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 306(1), 124-131.
106. Breedveld, P.; Plium, D.; Cipriani, G.; Wielinga, P.; van Tellingen, O.; Schinkel, A.H. and Schellens, J.H.M. (2005) Cancer Res., 65(7), 2577-2582.
107. Dai, H-Q.; Marbach, P.; Lemaire, M.; Hayes, M. and Elmguist, W.F. (2003) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 304(3), 1085-1092.
108. Kim, R.B. (2002) Toxicology, 181/182, 291-297.
109. Hagenbuch, B. and Meier, P.J. (2003) Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 1609(1), 1-18.
110. Jonker, J.W.; Wagenaar, F.; Mol, C.A.; Buitelaar, M.; Koepsell, H.; Smit, J.W. and Schinkel, A.H. (2001) Mol. Cell. Biol., 21(16), 5471-5477.
111. Wang, D.; Jonker, J.W.; Kato, Y.; Kusuhara, H.; Schinkel, A.H. and Sugiyama, Y. (2002) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 302(2), 510-515.
112. Jonker, J.W.; Wagenaar, E.; van Eijl, S. and Schinkel, A.H. (2003) Mol. Cell. Biol., 23(21), 7902-7908.
113. Sweet, D.H.; Miller, D.S.; Pritchard, J.B.; Fujiwara, Y.; Beier, D.R. and Nigam, S.K. (2002) J. Biol. Chem., 277(30), 26934-26943.
114. Nebert, D.W. (1989) Toxicology, 20(3), 153-174.
115. Shimada, T.; Inoue, K.; Suzuki, Y.; Kawai, T.; Azuma, E.; Nakajima, T.; Shindo, M.; Kurose, K.; Sugie, A.; Yamagishi, Y.; Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. and Hashimoto, M. (2002) Carcinogenesis, 23(7), 1199-1207.
116. Sugihara, K.; Okayama, T.; Kitamura, S.; Yamashita, K.; Yasuda, M.; Miyairi, S.; Minobe, Y. and Ohta, S. (2008). Arch. Toxicol., 82(1), 5-11.
117. Wu, M.; Li, H.; Wu, D.; Wang X.; Chen; X.; Kong, Q.; Ma, J.; Gao, Y. and Liu, J. (2005) Neurosci. Lett., 384(1-2), 33-37.
118. Harper, P.A.; Wong, J.Y.; Lam, M.S. and Okey, A.B. (2002) Chem. Biol. Interact., 141(1-2), 161-187.
119. Mangelsdorf, D.J.; Borgmeyer, U.; Heyman, R.A.; Zhou, J.Y.; Ong, E.S.; Oro, A.E.; Kakizuka, A. and Evans, R.M. (1992) Genes Dev., 6(3), 329-344.
120. Sucov, H.M.; Dyson, E.; Gumeringer, C.L.; Chien, K.R. and Evans, M. (1994). Genes Dev., 8(9), 1007-1018.
121. Wan, Y.J.; An, D.; Cai, Y.; Repa, J.J.; Hung-Po, C.T.; Flores, M.; Postic, C.; Magnuson, M.A.; Chen, J.; Chien, K.R.; French, S.; Mangelsdorf, D.J. and Sucov, H.M. (2000) Mol. Cell Biol., 20(12), 4436-4444.
122. Sueyoshi, T.; Kawamoto, T.; zelko, I.; Honkakoski, P. and Negishi, M. (1999) J. Biol. Chem., 274(10), 6043-6046.
123. Wei, P.; Zhang, J.; Egan-Hafley, M.; Liang, S. and Moore, D.D. (2000) Nature, 407(6806), 920-923.
124. Wei, P.; Zhang, J.; Dowhan, D.H.; Han, Y. and Moore, D.D. (2002) Pharmacogenetics, 2(2), 117-126.
125. Xie, W.; Uppal, H.; Saini, S.P.; Mu, Y.; Little, J.M.; Radominska-Pandya, A. and Zemaitis, M.A. (2004) Drug Discov. Today, 9(10), 442-449.
126. Wang, H. and LeCluyse, E.L. (2003) Clin. Pharmacokinet., 42(15), 1331-1357.
127. Zhang, J.; Huang, W.; Chua, S.S.; Wei, P. and Moore, D.D. (2002) Science, 298(5592), 422-424.
128. Huang, W.; Zhang, J.; Wei, P.; Schrader, W.T. and Moore, D.D. (2004) Mol. Endocrinol., 18(10), 2402-2408.
129. Kliewer, S.A.; Moore, J.T.; Wade, L.; Staudinger, J.L.; Watson, M.A.; Jones, S.A.; Mckee, D.D.; Oliver, B.B.; Wilson, T.M.; Zetterstrom, R.H.; Perlman,T. and Lehmann, J.M. (1998) Cell 92(1), 73-82.
130. Xie, W.; Barwick, J.L.; Dowenes, M.; Blumberg, B.; Simon, C.M.; Nelson, M.C.; Nouschwander-Tertri, B.A; Brunt, E.M.; Guzelian, P.S. and Evans, R.M. (2000) Nature, 406(6794), 435-439.
131. Nallani, S.C.; Genter, M.B. and Desai, P.B. (2001) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 48(2), 115-122.
132. Synold, T.W.; Dussault, I. and Forman, B.M. (2001) Nat. Med., 7(5), 584-590.
133. Nallani, S.C.; Goodwin, B.; Maglich, J.M.; Buckley, D.J.; Buckley, A.R. and Desai, P.B. (2003) Drug Metab. Dispos., 31(5), 681-684.
134. Watkins, J.B. and Klaassen, C.D. (1982) Drug Metab Dispos., 10(5), 590-594.
135. Chen, C.; Staudinger, J.L. and Klaasssen, C.D. (2003) Drug Metab. Dispos., 31(7), 908-915.
136. Dassault, I.; Lin, M.; Hollister, K.; wang, E.H.; Synold, T.W. and Forman, B.M. (2001) J. Biol. Chem., 276(36), 33309-33312.
137. Staudinger, J.L.; Madan, A.; Carol, K.M. and Parkinson, A. (2003) Drug Metab. Dispos., 31(5), 523-527.
138. Teng, S.; Jekerle, Y. and Piquette-Miller, M. (2003) Drug Metab. Dispos., 31(11), 1296-1299.
139. LeCluyse, E.L. (2001) Chem. Biol. Interact., 134(3), 283-289.
140. Zhang, H.; LeCluyse, E.L.; Liu, L.; Hu, M.; Matoney, L.; Zhu, W. and Yan, B. (1999) Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 368(1), 14-22.
141. Tirona, R.G.; Leake, B.F.; Podust, L.M. and Kim, R.B. (2004) Mol. Pharmacol., 65(1), 36-44.
142. Ma, X; Shah, Y.; Cheung, C.; Guo, G.L.; Feigenbaum, L.; Krausz, K.W.; Idle, J.R. and Gonzalez, F.J. (2007) Drug Metab Dispos., 35(2), 194-200.
143. Handschin, C. and Meyer, U.A. (2003) Pharmacol, Rev., 55(4), 649-673.
144. Xie, W.; Barwick, J.L.; Simon, C.M.; Pierce, A.M.; Safe, S.; Blumberg, B.; Guzelian, P.S. and Evans, R.M. (2000) Genes Dev., 14(23), 3014-3023.
145. Moore, L.B.; Parks, D.J.; Jones, S.A.; Bledsoe, R.K.; Consler, T.G.; Stimmel, J.B.; Goodwin, B.; Liddle, C.; Blanchard, S.G.; Willson, T.M.; Collins, J.L. and Kliewer, S.A. (2000) J. Biol. Chem., 275(20), 15122-15127.
146. Zhang, J.; Huang, W.; Qatanani, M.; Evans, R.M. and Moore, D.D. (2004) J. Biol. Chem., 279(47), 49517-49522.
147. Uppal, H.; Toma, D.; Saini, S.P.S.; Ren, S.; Jones, T.J. and Xie, W. (2004) Hepatology, 41(1), 168-176.
148. Yaffe, S. J.; Levy, G.; Matsuzawa, T. and Baliah, T. (1966) N. Engl, J. Med., 275 (26), 1461-1466
149. Huang, W.; Zhang, J.; Chua, S.S.; Qatanani, M.; Han, Y.; Granata, M. and Moore, D.D. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100(7), 4156-4161.
150. Xie, W.; Yuch, M-F.; Radominska-Pandya, A.; Saini, S.P.; Negishi, Y.; Bottroff, B.S.; Cabrera, G.Y.; Tukey, R.H. and Evans, R.M. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 100(7), 4150-4155.
151. Gordon, J.W.; Scangos, G.A.; Plotkin, D.J.; Barbosa, J.A. and Ruddle, F.H. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77(12), 7380-7384.
152. Rudnicki, M.A., Braun, T., Hinuma, S. and Jaenisch, R., (1992). Cell 71(3), 383-390.
153. Kablar, B.; Krastel, K.; Tajbakhsh, S. and Rudnicki, M.A. (1993) Dev. Biol., 258(2), 307-318.
154. Hoff, A.O.; Catala-Lehnen, P.; Thomas, P.M.; Priemel, M.; Rueger, J.M.; Nasonkin, I.; Bradley, A.; Huges, M.R.; Ordonez, N.; Cote, G.J.; Amling, M. and Gagel, R.F. (2002) J. Clin. Invest., 110(12), 1849-1857.
155. Ballica, R.; Valentijn, K.; Khachatryan, A.; Guerder, S.; Kapadia, S.; Gundberg, C.; Gilligan, J.; Flayell, R.A. and Vignery, A. (1999) J. Bone Miner Res, 14(7), 1067-1074.
156. Ducy, P.; Amling, M.; Takeda, S.; Priemel, M.; Shen, J.; Vinson, C.; Rueger, J.M. and Karsenty, G. (2000) Cell, 100(2), 197-207.
157. Morrison, R.S.; Wenzel, H.J.; Kinoshita, Y.; Robbins, C.A.; Donehower, L.A. and Schwartzkroin, P.A. (1996) J. Neurosci., 16(4), 1337-1345.
158. Schauwecker, P.E. and Steward, O. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94(8), 4103-4108.
159. Glaser, S.; Anastassiads, K. and Stewart, A.F. (2005) Nat. Genet., 7(11), 1187-1193.
160. Kunath, T.; Gish, G.; Lickert, H.; Jones, N.; Pawson, T. and Rossant, J. (2003) Nat. Bioteechnol., 21(5), 559-561.
161. Chatterjee-Kishore, M. and Miller, C.P. (2005) Drug Discov. Toady, 10(22), 1559-1565.
162. Schwarz, M.; Buchmann, A.; Stinchcombe, S.; Luebeck, G.; Moolgavkar, S. and Bock, K.W. (1995) Mutat. Res., 333(1), 69-79.
163. Vogelstein, B.; Lane, D. And Levine, A.J. (2000) Nature, 408 (6810), 307-310.
164. Jaworski, M.; Buchmann, A.; Bauer, P.; Riess, O. And Schwarz, M. (2005) Oncogene, 24(7), 1290-1295.
165. Jaworski, M.; Hailfinger, S.; Buchmann, A.; hergenhalm, M.; Hollstein, M.; Ittrich, C. and Schwarz, M. (2005) Carcinogenesis, 26(10), 1829-1834.
166. MacDonald, J.; French, J.E.; Gerson, R.J.; Goodman, J.; Inoue, T.; Jacobs, A.; Kasper, P.; Keller, D.; Lavin, A.; Long, G.; McCullough, B.; Sistare, F.; Storer, R. and van der Laan, J.W. (2004) Toxicol. Sci., 77(2), 188-194.
167. Cohen, S.M. (2001) Toxicol. Pathol., 29(Suppl.) 183-190.
168. Pritchard, J.B.; French, J.E.; Davis, B.J. and Haseman, J.K. (2003) Environ. Health Perspect., 111(1), 1-11.
169. Gonzalez, F.J. (2007) J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol., 21(4), 158-162.
170. Paine, M.F.; Hart, H.L.; Ludington, S.S. Rettie, A.E. and Zeldin, D.C. (2006) Drug Metab. Dispos., 34(5), 880-886.
171. Yan, D.; Yang, Y.; Uchid, S.; Misaka, S.; Luo, J.; Takeuci, K.; Inui, N.; Yamada, S.; Ohashi, K. and Watanabe, H. (2007) Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. [Epub ahead of print].
172. van Herwaarden, A.E.; Wagenaar, E.; van der Kruijssen, C.M.M.; van Waterschoot, R.A.B.; Smit, J.W.; Song, J-Y.; van der Valk, M.A.; van Tellingen, O.; van der Hoorn, J.W.A.; Rosing, H.; Beijnen, J.H. and Schinkel, A.H. (2007) J. Clin. Invest., 117(11), 3583-3592.
173. Thummel, K. E. (2007) J. Clin. Invest., 117(11), 3137-3176.
174. Clark, S.J. and Rivory, L.P. (1999) Clin. Pharmacokinet., 36(1), 99-114.
175. Miksys, S.L.; Cheung, C,; Gonzalez, F.J. and Tyndale, R.F. (2005) Drug Metab. Dispos., 33(10), 1495-1502.
176. Dalen, P.; Dahl, M-L.; Roh, H-K.; Tybring, G.; Eichelbaum, M.; Wilkinson, G.R. and Bertilsson, L. (2003) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol., 55(6), 630-634.
177. Dalen, P.; Dahl, M-L.; Eichelbaum, M.; Bertilsson, L. and Wilkinson, G.R. (1999) Pharmacogenetics, 9(7), 697-706.
178. Masubuchi, Y.; Iwasa, T.; Hosokawa, S.; Suzuki, T.; Horie, T.; Imaoka, S.; Funae, Y. and Narimatsu, S. (1997) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 282(3), 1435-1441.
179. Chinta, S.J.; Pai, H.V.; Upadhya, S.C.; Boyd, M.R. and Ravindranath, V. (2002) Mol. Brain Res., 103(1-2), 49-61.
180. Miksys, S.; Rao, Y.; Hoffmann, E.; Mash, D.C. and Tyndale, R.f. (2002) J. Neurochem., 82(6), 1376-1387.
181. Yu, A.M.; Idle, J.R.; Herraiz, T.; Kupfer, A. Gonzalez, F.J. (2003) Pharmacogenetics, 13(6), 307-319.
182. Yu, A.M.; Idle, J.R.; Byrd, L.G.; Krausz, K.W.; Küpfer, A. and Gonzalez, F.J. (2003) Pharmacogenetics, 13(3), 173-181.
183. Thummel, K.E. and Shen, D.D. (2001) In Goodmand & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Hardman, J.G. and Limbird, L.E. Eds.), 10th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York. pp1917-2023.
184. Taburet, A.M. and Schmit, B. (1994) Clin. Pharmacokinet., 26(4), 396-418.
185. Schuetz, E.G.; Umbenhauer, D.R.; Yasuda, K.; Brimer, C.; Nguyen, L.; Relling, M.V.; Schuetz, J.D. and Schinkel, A.H. (2000) Mol. Pharmacol., 57(1), 188-197.
186. Wang, X.J.; Chamberlain, M.; Vassieva, O.; Henderson, C.J. and Wolf, C.R. (2005) Biochem. J., 388(part 3), 857-867.
187. Airiyoshi, N.; Imaoka, S.; Nakayama, K.; Takahashi, Y.; Fujita, K-I.; Funae, Y. and kamataki, T. (2001) Toxicol, Pathol., 29(suppl.), 161-172.