Type 1/type 2 immunity in infectious diseases

Clinical Infectious Diseases

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 76-102

  Spellberg, Brad ^a   Edwards, John E ^a  

^a HARBOR UCLA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 5; INTERLEUKIN 9; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANIMAL MODEL; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL; BACTERIAL INFECTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE RELEASE; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNE RESPONSE; LEISHMANIA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MOUSE; MYCOBACTERIOSIS; MYCOSIS; NONHUMAN; PARASITOSIS; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REVIEW; TH1 CELL; TH2 CELL; VACCINATION;

ANIMALS; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMANS; IMMUNOTHERAPY; TH1 CELLS; TH2 CELLS; VACCINES;

EID: 0035134439     PISSN: 10584838     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/317537     Document Type: Review

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176. Lamivudine treatment can restore T cell responsiveness in chronic hepatitis B
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178. Antigen presentation by hapten-specific B lymphocytes. V. Requirements for activation of antigen-presenting B cells
179. B cells solicit their own help from T cells
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181. Regulation of T helper cell cytokine expression: Functional dichotomy of antigen-presenting cells
182. +T cells in vitro: Characteristics and antigen-presenting cell requirements
183. A quantitative analysis of antigen-presenting cell function: Activated B cells stimulate naive CD4 T cells but are inferior to dendritic cells in providing costimulation
184. Comparison of lung dendritic cells and B cells in stimulating naive antigen-specific T cells
185. Human dendritic cells require exogenous interleukin-12-inducing factors to direct the development of naive T-helper cells toward the Th1 phenotype
186. IL-12-deficient dendritic cells, generated in the presence of prostaglandin E2, promote type 2 cytokine production in maturing human naive T helper cells
187. +T cells to secrete IL-4
188. The concept of type 1 and type 2 antigen-presenting cells
189. CD28/B7 system of T cell costimulation
190. +T cell differentiation
191. The interplay between the duration of TCR and cytokine signaling determines T cell polarization
192. Instruction for cytokine expression in T helper lymphocytes in relation to proliferation and cell cycle progression
193. Peptide dose, affinity, and time of differentiation can contribute to the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance
194. An innate sense of danger
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196. Lipotechoic acid preparations of gram-positive bacteria induce interleukin-12 through a CD14-dependent pathway
197. The influence of base sequence on the immunostimulatory properties of DNA
198. DNA from bacteria, but not from vertebrates, induces interferons, activates natural killer cells and inhibits tumor growth
199. CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation
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201. CpG DNA induces sustained IL-12 expression in vivo and resistance to Listeria monocytogenes challenge
202. Bacterial DNA and immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotides trigger maturation and activation of murine dendritic cells
203. Differential regulation of the IL-12 p40 promoter and of p40 secretion by CpG DNA and lipopolysaccharide
204. Immunostimulatory properties of genomic DNA from different bacterial species
205. Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes produce IL-12, TNF-α, and the chemokines macrophage-inflammatory protein-1α and -1β in response to Toxoplasma gondii antigens
206. Macrophages are a significant source of type 1 cytokines during mycobacterial infection
207. Human 60-kDa heat-shock protein: A danger signal to the innate immune system
208. Cytosolic free calcium increases before and oscillates during frustrated phagocytosis in macrophages
209. Rapid fragmentation and reorganization of Golgi membranes during frustrated phagocytosis of immobile immune complexes by macrophages
210. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils release 35S-labelled proteoglycans into cartilage during frustrated phagocytosis
211. Membrane capacitance changes associated with particle uptake during phagocytosis in macrophages
212. +T helper subset selection in mice with candidiasis
213. Early interleukin 12 production by macrophages in response to mycobacterial infection depends on interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha
214. Interferon-gamma differentially regulates interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production in leprosy
215. The role of type I interferons in the differentiation and function of Th1 and Th2 cells
216. +natural killer T cells by Mycobacterium boris bacillus Calmette Guérin
217. Direct interaction of STAT4 with the IL-12 receptor
218. Interleukin 12 induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of STAT4 in human lymphocytes
219. An interleukin-4-induced transcription factor: IL-4 Stat
220. Cytokine transcriptional events during helper T cell subset differentiation
221. Impaired IL-12 responses and enhanced development of Th2 cells in Stat4-deficient mice
222. Requirement for Stat4 in interleukin-12-mediated responses of natural killer and T cells
223. Lack of IL-4-induced Th2 response and IgE class switching in mice with disrupted Stat6 gene
224. Essential role of Stat6 in IL-4 signalling
225. Transcription factor GATA-3 is differentially expressed in murine Th1 and Th2 cells and controls Th2-specific expression of the interleukin-5 gene
226. The transcription factor GATA-3 is necessary and sufficient for Th2 cytokine gene expression in CD4 T cells
227. Stat6-independent GATA-3 autoactivation directs IL-4-independent Th2 development and commitment
228. The Ets transcription factor ERM is Th1-specific and induced by IL-12 through a Stat4-dependent pathway
229. A novel transcription factor, T-bet, directs Th1 lineage commitment
230. Intrinsic defects in macrophage IL-12 production associated with immune dysfunction in the MRL/++ and New Zealand black/white F1 lupus-prone mice and the Leishmania major-susceptible BALB/c strain
231. +T cells, resulting in a state of unresponsiveness to IL-12
232. Murine cutaneous leishmaniasis: Resistance correlates with the capacity to generate interferon-gamma in response to Leishmania antigens in vitro
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234. Leishmania major: Analysis of lymphocyte and macrophage cellular phenotypes during infection of susceptible and resistant mice
235. Immunoregulation of cutaneous leishmaniasis. T cell lines that transfer protective immunity or exacerbation belong to different T helper subsets and respond to distinct parasite antigens
236. Reciprocal expression of interferon gamma or interleukin 4 during the resolution or progression of murine leishmaniasis: Evidence for expansion of distinct helper T cell subsets
237. +lymphocytes in vivo during healing and progressive murine leishmaniasis
238. IL-4-deficient Balb/c mice resist infection with Leishmania major
239. Mice with STAT6-targeted gene disruption develop a Th1 response and control cutaneous leishmaniasis
240. Leishmania major infection in interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma depleted mice
241. Pregnancy impairs resistance of C57BL/6 mice to Leishmania major infection and causes decreased antigen-specific IFN-gamma response and increased production of T helper 2 cytokines
242. The role of IL-12 in the maintenance of an established Th1 immune response in experimental leishmaniasis
243. Reconstitution of Leishmania immunity in severe combined immunodeficient mice using Th1- and Th2-like cell lines
244. +allergen-specific Th2 T cell clones
245. Switch from a type 2 to a type 1 T helper cell response and cure of established Leishmania major infection in mice is induced by combined therapy with interleukin 12 and pentostam
246. Establishment of stable, cell-mediated immunity that makes "susceptible" mice resistant to Leishmania major
247. Parasite dose determines the Th1/Th2 nature of the response to Leishmania major independently of infection route and strain of host or parasite
248. Th1 dominance in the immune response to live Salmonella typhimurium requires bacterial invasiveness but not persistence
249. Interferon-gamma plays a critical role in intestinal immunity against Salmonella typhimurium infection
250. Th1 pattern of cytokine secretion by splenic cells from pyelonephritic mice after in-vitro stimulation with hsp-65 of Escherichia coli
251. Long-lived protective immunity to Listeria is conferred by immunization with particulate or soluble listerial antigen preparations coadministered with IL-12
252. Heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes as an adjuvant converts established murine Th2-dominated immune responses into Th1-dominated responses
253. Both innate and acquired immunity to Listeria monocytogenes infection are increased in IL-10-deficient mice
254. Differential production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 in response to Th1- and Th2-stimulating pathogens by gamma delta T cells in vivo
255. Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is more severe in Th2 responding BALB/c mice compared to Th1 responding C3H/HeN mice
256. Vaccination promotes Th1-like inflammation and survival in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia: A new prophylactic principle
257. Involvement of T cells in enhanced resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia in mice treated with liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine or gamma interferon
258. Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer-membrane protein F epitopes are highly immunogenic in mice when expressed on a plant virus
259. Interferon consensus sequence binding protein confers resistance against Yersinia enterocolitica
260. The possible role of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon-gamma-inducing factor/IL-18 in protection against experimental Mycobacterium leprae infection in mice
261. Role of interleukin-18 (IL-18) in mycobacterial infection in IL-18-gene-disrupted mice
262. Cytokine secretion by CD4 T lymphocytes acquired in response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection
263. +subset expression in murine candidiasis
264. Low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice. II. Susceptibility to Candida albicans infection correlates with the induction of a biased Th2-like antifungal response
265. Interleukin-12 regulation of host defenses against Coccidioides immitis
266. Th1 and Th2 cytokines in mice with invasive aspergillosis
267. Interleukin-12 is essential for a protective Th1 response in mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans
268. Resistance to Coccidioides immitis in mice after immunization with recombinant protein or a DNA vaccine of a proline-rich antigen
269. Neutralizing antibody to interleukin 4 induces systemic protection and T helper type 1-associated immunity in murine candidiasis
270. +T-helper-cell responses in mice with low-level Candida albicans infection
271. Induction of protective Th1 responses to Candida albicans by antifungal therapy alone or in combination with an interleukin-4 antagonist
272. Host immune reactivity determines the efficacy of combination immunotherapy and antifungal chemotherapy in candidiasis
273. Cellular immune responses to the murine nematode parasite Trichuris muris. I. Differential cytokine production during acute or chronic infection
274. Host protective immunity to Trichinella spiralis in mice: Activation of Th cell subsets and lymphokine secretion in mice expressing different response phenotypes
275. Cellular immune responses to the murine nematode parasite Trichuris muris. II. Differential induction of Th-cell subsets in resistant versus susceptible mice
276. Correlations between worm burden and markers of Th1 and Th2 cell subset induction in an inbred strain of mouse infected with Trichuris muris
277. Functional correlations between mucosal mast cell activity and immunity to Trichinella spiralis in high and low responder mice
278. The in vivo role of stem cell factor (c-kit ligand) on mastocytosis and host protective immunity to the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis in mice
279. Stat6 signaling promotes protective immunity against Trichinella spiralis through a mast cell-and T cell-dependent mechanism
280. Interleukin-9 enhances resistance to the intestinal nematode Trichuris muris
281. Interleukin-9 is involved in host protective immunity to intestinal nematode infection
282. Anti-IL-9 vaccination prevents worm expulsion and blood eosinophilia in Trichuris muris-infected mice
283. Cytokine-mediated regulation of chronic intestinal helminth infection
284. Effects of interleukin 12 on immune responses and host protection in mice infected with intestinal nematode parasites
285. Interleukin-12 promotes a chronic intestinal nematode infection
286. Regulation of immunity to parasites by T cells and T cell-derived cytokines
287. Evidence for differential induction of helper T cell subsets during Trichinella spiralis infection
288. Fc epsilonRI-deficient mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni mount normal Th2-type responses while displaying enhanced liver pathology
289. IgE antibody and resistance to infection. II. Effect of IgE suppression on the early and late skin reaction and resistance of rats to Schistosoma mansoni infection
290. Schistosoma mansoni: Protective immunity in IL-4-deficient mice
291. Interrelationship of eosinophilia and IgE antibody production to larval ES antigen in Toxocara canis infected mice
292. Antibody responses and protective immunity in rats receiving repeated inoculations of Strongyloides ratti
293. Temporal changes in Trichuris trichiura infection intensity and serum isotype responses in children
294. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: Cytokine responses and nematode expulsion in normal and IL-4-deficient mice
295. A critical role for IL-13 in resistance to intestinal nematode infection
296. The primary binding subunit of the human interleukin-4 receptor is also a component of the interleukin-13 receptor
297. Characterization and comparison of the interleukin 13 receptor with the interleukin 4 receptor on several cell types
298. Biological activity of IL-4 and IL-13 on human endothelial cells: Functional evidence that both cytokines act through the same receptor
299. IL-13, IL-4Rα, and Stat6 are required for the expulsion of the gastrointestinal nematode parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis
300. Simultaneous disruption of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 defines individual roles in T helper cell type 2-mediated responses
301. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a critical component of interleukin 13-mediated protective T helper cell type 2 responses during helminth infection
302. Cytokine patterns in the pathogenesis of human leishmaniasis
303. Interleukin 10 production correlates with pathology in human Leishmania donovani infections
304. The Leishmania promastigote surface antigen-2 (PSA-2) is specifically recognised by Th1 cells in humans with naturally acquired immunity to L. major
305. Restoration of IFN-gamma production and lymphocyte proliferation in visceral leishmaniasis
306. Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pyogenes group A challenge induce a Th1 type of cytokine response in cells obtained from tonsillar hypertrophy and recurrent tonsillitis
307. Gamma interferon and interleukin 2, but not interleukin 4, are detectable in gamma/delta T-cell cultures after activation with bacteria
308. Lactobacilli and streptococci induce interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-18, and gamma interferon production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
309. Intracellular and extra-cellular cytokine production by human mixed mononuclear cells in response to group B streptococci
310. Inherited interleukin 12 deficiency in a child with bacille Calmette-Guérin and Salmonella enteritidis disseminated infection
311. Severe mycobacterial and salmonella infections in interleukin-12 receptor-deficient patients
312. Interleukin 12 deficiency associated with recurrent infections
313. Listeria monocytogenes and recurrent mycobacterial infections in a child with complete interferon-gamma-receptor (IFNγR1) deficiency: Mutational analysis and evaluation of therapeutic options
314. Cytokine patterns at the site of mycobacterial infection
315. Cytokine profile of circulating T cells of leprosy patients reflects both indiscriminate and polarized T-helper subsets: T-helper phenotype is stable and uninfluenced by related antigens of Mycobacterium leprae
316. The spectrum of human tuberculosis
317. Relationships between titers of antibodies immunoreacting against glycolipid antigens from Mycobacterium leprae and M. tuberculosis, the Mitsuda and Mantoux reactions, and bacteriological loads: Implications in the pathogenesis, epidemiology and serodiagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis
318. Immune responsiveness and lymphokine production in patients with tuberculosis and healthy controls
319. Th1/Th2 profiles in tuberculosis, based on the proliferation and cytokine response of blood lymphocytes to mycobacterial antigens
320. Type 2 cytokine gene activation and its relationship to extent of disease in patients with tuberculosis
321. Defective monocyte costimulation for IFN-gamma production in familial disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infection: Abnormal IL-12 regulation
322. Infections in IFNGR-1-deficient children
323. Fatal disseminated Mycobacterium smegmatis infection in a child with inherited interferon gamma receptor deficiency
324. Abnormal regulation of interferon-gamma, interleukin-12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human interferon-gamma receptor I deficiency
325. Impairment of mycobacterial immunity in human interleukin-12 receptor deficiency
326. Sequential production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in response to live bacillus Calmette-Guérin
327. Cytokine gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by manno-protein constituents from Candida albicans
328. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. I. Altered antigen-stimulated IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production
329. Interleukin-4 suppresses antifungal activity of human mononuclear phagocytes against Candida albicans in association with decreased uptake of blastoconidia
330. Long-term itraconazole prophylaxis against aspergillus infections in thirty-two patients with chronic granulomatous disease
331. In vivo interferon-gamma therapy augments the in vitro ability of chronic granulomatous disease neutrophils to damage Aspergillus hyphae
332. A controlled trial of interferon gamma to prevent infection in chronic granulomatous disease
333. Th1 and Th2 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-infected patients
334. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) phenotype and interleukin-2/interleukin-10 ratio are associated markers of protection and progression in HIV infection
335. Endogenous interleukin-2 serum levels in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus
336. Dysregulated production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-12 by peripheral blood lymphocytes from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals is associated with altered proliferative responses to recall antigens
337. HIV infection suppresses type 1 lymphokine and IL-12 responses to Toxoplasma gondii but fails to inhibit the synthesis of other
338. The interleukin-12-mediated pathway of immune events is dysfunctional in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals
339. Restoration of HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses by interleukin-12 in vitro
340. Assessment of type 1 and type 2 cytokines in HIV type 1-infected individuals: Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy
341. -T cells of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients after 9 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy
342. Current laboratory assays and in vitro intracellular Th1 and Th2 cytokine synthesis in monitoring antiretroviral therapy of pediatric HIV infection
343. CCR5 is characteristic of Th1 lymphocytes
344. Flexible programs of chemokine receptor expression on human polarized T helper 1 and 2 lymphocytes
345. The chemokine receptors CXCR3 and CCR5 mark subsets of T cells associated with certain inflammatory reactions
346. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection
347. HIV-1 entry cofactor: Functional cDNA cloning of a seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor
348. Circadian variations in plasma levels of hypophyseal, adrenocortical and testicular hormones in men infected with human immunodeficiency virus
349. Loss of lean body and muscle mass correlates with androgen levels in hypogonadal men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and wasting
350. Body composition and endocrine function in women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome wasting
351. Relationship between sex steroid hormone levels and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV infected men
352. Serum cortisol and DHEA concentrations during HIV infection
353. Decreased serum dehydroepiandrosterone is associated with an increased progression of human immunodeficiency virus infection in men with CD4 cell counts of 200-499
354. Dehydroepiandrosterone as predictor for progression to AIDS in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-infected men
355. Adrenal function in HIV infected patients
356. A possible role for the cortisol/anticortisols imbalance in the progression of human immunodeficiency virus
357. Immunologic characterization of children vertically infected with human immunodeficiency virus, with slow or rapid disease progression
358. Elevation of IgE in HIV-infected children and its correlation with the progression of disease
359. Controlled trial of interleukin-2 infusions in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
360. Coadministration of zidovudine and interleukin-2 increases absolute CD4 cells in subjects with Walter Reed stage 2 human immunodeficiency virus infection: Results of ACTG protocol 042
361. Outpatient continuous intravenous interleukin-2 or subcutaneous, polyethylene glycol-modified interleukin-2 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: A randomized, controlled, multicenter study
362. Comparison of subcutaneous and intravenous interleukin-2 in asymptomatic HIV-1 infection: A randomised controlled trial
363. Subcutaneous administration of interleukin-2 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons
364. +subjects
365. Ultra low dose interleukin-2 therapy promotes a type 1 cytokine profile in vivo in patients with AIDS and AIDS-associated malignancies
366. Glucocorticoids and the immune function in the human immunodeficiency virus infection: A study in hypercortisolemic and cortisol-resistant patients
367. Glucocorticoids and interferon-alpha in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
368. Cell division regulates the T cell cytokine repertoire, revealing a mechanism underlying immune class regulation
369. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Mycobacterium-specific human immune responses induced by intradermal bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination
370. Human T cell responses induced by vaccination with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin
371. Nonviable bacterial antigens administered with IL-12 generate antigen-specific T cell responses and protective immunity against Listeria monocytogenes
372. Induction of Th1 cell-mediated protective immunity to Schistosoma mansoni by co-administration of larval antigens and IL-12 as an adjuvant
373. Development of Th1 and Th2 populations and the nature of immune responses to hepatitis B virus DNA vaccines can be modulated by codelivery of various cytokine genes
374. Activity and safety of DNA plasmids encoding IL-4 and IFN gamma
375. Intranasal immunization of a DNA vaccine with IL-12- and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-expressing plasmids in liposomes induces strong mucosal and cell-mediated immune responses against HIV-1 antigens
376. Modulation of amplitude and direction of in vivo immune responses by co-administration of cytokine gene expression cassettes with DNA immunogens
377. Contribution of CpG motifs to the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines
378. In vivo modulation of vaccine-induced immune responses toward a Th1 phenotype increases potency and vaccine effectiveness in a herpes simplex virus type 2 mouse model
379. Th1-biased immune responses induced by DNA-based immunizations are mediated via action on professional antigen-presenting cells to up-regulate IL-12 production
380. T cell subsets and IFN-gamma production in resistance to systemic candidosis in immunized mice
381. Interleukin-4 mediates down regulation of antiviral cytokine expression and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses and exacerbates vaccinia virus infection in vivo
382. Protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection by DNA immunization
383. Effectiveness of a vaccine composed of heat-killed Candida albicans and a novel mucosal adjuvant, LT(R192G), against systemic candidiasis
384. Use of recombinant viruses to deliver cytokines influencing the course of experimental bacterial infection
385. Hormonal profiles in children with progressively worsening nutritional status
386. Concentration patterns of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, delta 5-androstenediol and their sulphates, testosterone and cortisol in normal healthy women and in women with anorexia nervosa
387. Weight loss causes neuroendocrine disturbances: Experimental study in healthy starving subjects
388. +lymphocyte activation and increased interleukin-4 production in peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients after acute starvation
389. Increased urinary excretion of cortisol and catecholami-NES in malnourished cancer patients
390. Analysis of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a parameter of immunological dysfunction in advanced cancer patients
391. Dysregulation of immune response following neurosurgical operations
392. Plasma norepinephrine in congestive heart failure
393. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure
394. Free and conjugated plasma catecholamines in patients with congestive heart failure
395. The nutritional status in advanced emphysema associated with chronic bronchitis. A study of amino acid and catecholamine levels
396. Plasma catecholamine level and portal venous pressure as guides to prognosis in patients with cirrhosis
397. Effect of nutritional therapy on polyamine metabolism in severely traumatized patients
398. The catecholamine response to multisystem trauma
399. Downregulation of T helper type 1 immune response and altered pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory T cell cytokine balance following conventional but not laparoscopic surgery
400. Surgical stress induces a shift in the type-1/type-2 T-helper cell balance, suggesting down-regulation of cell-mediated and up-regulation of antibody-mediated immunity commensurate to the trauma
401. Modulating effects of the feeding route on stress response and endotoxin translocation in severely stressed patients receiving thoracic esophagectomy
402. A progress report on the treatment of 157 patients with advanced cancer using lymphokine-activated kiler cells and interleukin-2 or high-dose interleukin-2 alone
403. Effects of single-dose interleukin-12 exposure on interleukin-12-associated toxicity and interferon-gamma production
404. Recombinant interleukin 2 adjunctive therapy in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
405. A phase I/II study of recombinant human interleukin-12 in patients with chronic hepatitis C
406. A phase I/II study of recombinant human interleukin-12 in patients with chronic hepatitis B
407. A randomized, controlled trial of IL-10 in humans. Inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production and immune responses
408. Clinical, hematologic, and immunologic effects of interleukin-10 in humans
409. Pharmacokinetics and leukocyte responses of recombinant human interleukin-10
410. Interleukin 10 treatment of psoriasis: Clinical results of a phase 2 trial
411. A pilot trial of recombinant human interleukin-10 in kidney transplant recipients receiving OKT3 induction therapy
412. Multiple doses of intravenous interleukin 10 in steroid-refractory Crohn's disease
413. Interleukin-4 receptor in moderate atopic asthma. A phase I/II randomized, placebo-controlled trial
414. Liposomes containing interferon-gamma as adjuvant in tumor cell vaccines
415. Delivery of cytokines by liposomes: Hematopoietic and immunomodulatory activity of interleukin-2 encapsulated in conventional liposomes and in long-circulating liposomes