메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 432, Issue 7015, 2004, Pages 316-323

Cell-cycle checkpoints and cancer

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DNA; RADIATION; SUN; TOXICITY;

EID: 9244251125     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/nature03097     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (2336)

References (96)
  • 1
    • 0019829568 scopus 로고
    • The causes of cancer in the United States today
    • Doll, R. & Peto, R. The causes of cancer in the United States today. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 66, 1192-1308 (1981).
    • (1981) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. , vol.66 , pp. 1192-1308
    • Doll, R.1    Peto, R.2
  • 2
    • 9244256228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (eds Abeloff, M. et al.) Ch. 11 (Elsevier, Philadelphia)
    • Ford, J. M. Clinical Oncology (eds Abeloff, M. et al.) Ch. 11, 191-205 (Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2004).
    • (2004) Clinical Oncology , pp. 191-205
    • Ford, J.M.1
  • 3
    • 0024425887 scopus 로고
    • Checkpoints: Controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events
    • Hartwell, L. H. & Weinert, T. A. Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Science 246, 629-634 (1989).
    • (1989) Science , vol.246 , pp. 629-634
    • Hartwell, L.H.1    Weinert, T.A.2
  • 4
    • 0029144134 scopus 로고
    • Topoisomerase poisons: Harnessing the dark side of enzyme mechanism
    • Froelich-Ammon, S. J. & Osheroff, N. Topoisomerase poisons: harnessing the dark side of enzyme mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21429-21432 (1995).
    • (1995) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.270 , pp. 21429-21432
    • Froelich-Ammon, S.J.1    Osheroff, N.2
  • 5
    • 0034798285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM genome stability, neuronal development, and cancer cross paths
    • Shiloh, Y. & Kastan, M. B. ATM: genome stability, neuronal development, and cancer cross paths. Adv. Cancer Res. 83, 209-254 (2001).
    • (2001) Adv. Cancer Res. , vol.83 , pp. 209-254
    • Shiloh, Y.1    Kastan, M.B.2
  • 6
    • 0035449355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases
    • Abraham, R. T. Cell cycle checkpoint signaling through the ATM and ATR kinases. Genes Dev. 15, 2177-2196 (2001).
    • (2001) Genes Dev. , vol.15 , pp. 2177-2196
    • Abraham, R.T.1
  • 7
    • 0034576494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The many substrates and functions of ATM
    • Kastan, M. B. & Lim, D.-S. The many substrates and functions of ATM. Mol. Cell Biol. 1, 179-186 (2000).
    • (2000) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 179-186
    • Kastan, M.B.1    Lim, D.-S.2
  • 8
    • 0037472924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation
    • Bakkenist, C. J. & Kastan, M. B. DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation. Nature 421, 499-506 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 499-506
    • Bakkenist, C.J.1    Kastan, M.B.2
  • 9
    • 2942687831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorylation of SMC1 is a critical downstream event in the ATM-NBS1-BRCA1 pathway
    • Kitagawa, R., Bakkenist, C. J., McKinnon, P. J. & Kastan, M. B. Phosphorylation of SMC1 is a critical downstream event in the ATM-NBS1-BRCA1 pathway. Genes Dev. 18, 1423-1438 (2004).
    • (2004) Genes Dev. , vol.18 , pp. 1423-1438
    • Kitagawa, R.1    Bakkenist, C.J.2    McKinnon, P.J.3    Kastan, M.B.4
  • 10
    • 0142136826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Requirement of the MRN complex for ATM activation by DNA damage
    • Uziel, T. et al. Requirement of the MRN complex for ATM activation by DNA damage. EMBO J. 22, 5612-5621 (2003).
    • (2003) EMBO J. , vol.22 , pp. 5612-5621
    • Uziel, T.1
  • 11
    • 0345732687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Mre11 complex is required for ATM activation and the G2/M checkpoint
    • Carson, C. T. et al. The Mre11 complex is required for ATM activation and the G2/M checkpoint. EMBO J. 22, 6610-6620 (2003).
    • (2003) EMBO J. , vol.22 , pp. 6610-6620
    • Carson, C.T.1
  • 13
    • 2442444916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct functional domains of Nbs1 modulate the timing and magnitude of ATM activation after low doses of ionizing radiation
    • Horejsi, Z. et al. Distinct functional domains of Nbs1 modulate the timing and magnitude of ATM activation after low doses of ionizing radiation. Oncogene 23, 3122-3127 (2004).
    • (2004) Oncogene , vol.23 , pp. 3122-3127
    • Horejsi, Z.1
  • 14
    • 1842431822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct activation of the ATM protein kinase by the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex
    • Lee, J. H. & Paull, T. T. Direct activation of the ATM protein kinase by the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. Science 304, 93-96 (2004).
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , pp. 93-96
    • Lee, J.H.1    Paull, T.T.2
  • 15
    • 0035941021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATR and ATRIP: Partners in checkpoint signaling
    • Cortez, D., Guntuku, S., Qin, J. & Elledge, S. J. ATR and ATRIP: partners in checkpoint signaling. Science 294, 1713-1716 (2001).
    • (2001) Science , vol.294 , pp. 1713-1716
    • Cortez, D.1    Guntuku, S.2    Qin, J.3    Elledge, S.J.4
  • 16
    • 0037567268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensing DNA damage through ATRIP recognition of RPA-ssDNA complexes
    • Zou, L. & Elledge, S. J. Sensing DNA damage through ATRIP recognition of RPA-ssDNA complexes. Science 300, 1542-1548 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.300 , pp. 1542-1548
    • Zou, L.1    Elledge, S.J.2
  • 17
    • 1642499359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quaternary structure of ATR and effects of ATRIP and replication protein A on its DNA binding and kinase activities
    • Unsal-Kacmaz, K. & Sancar, A. Quaternary structure of ATR and effects of ATRIP and replication protein A on its DNA binding and kinase activities. Mol. Cell Biol. 24, 1292-1300 (2004).
    • (2004) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 1292-1300
    • Unsal-Kacmaz, K.1    Sancar, A.2
  • 18
    • 0036849432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checking on the fork: The DNA-replication stress-response pathway
    • Osborn, A. J., Elledge, S. J. & Zou, L. Checking on the fork: the DNA-replication stress-response pathway. Trends Cell Biol. 12, 509-516 (2002).
    • (2002) Trends Cell Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 509-516
    • Osborn, A.J.1    Elledge, S.J.2    Zou, L.3
  • 19
    • 0035929237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opening of the clamp: An intimate view of an ATP-driven biological machine
    • Ellison, V. & Stillman, B. Opening of the clamp: an intimate view of an ATP-driven biological machine. Cell 106, 655-660 (2001).
    • (2001) Cell , vol.106 , pp. 655-660
    • Ellison, V.1    Stillman, B.2
  • 20
    • 2342628449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human Claspin works with BRCA1 to both positively and negatively regulate cell proliferation
    • Lin, S. Y., Li, K., Stewart, G. S. & Elledge, S. J. Human Claspin works with BRCA1 to both positively and negatively regulate cell proliferation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 6484-6489 (2004).
    • (2004) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.101 , pp. 6484-6489
    • Lin, S.Y.1    Li, K.2    Stewart, G.S.3    Elledge, S.J.4
  • 21
    • 0037080675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of ATR substrate selection by Rad 17-dependent loading of Rad9 complexes onto chromatin
    • Zou, L., Cortez, D. & Elledge, S. I. Regulation of ATR substrate selection by Rad 17-dependent loading of Rad9 complexes onto chromatin. Genes Dev. 16, 198-208 (2002).
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 198-208
    • Zou, L.1    Cortez, D.2    Elledge, S.I.3
  • 22
    • 0037335861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Essential and dispensable roles of ATR in cell cycle arrest and genome maintenance
    • Brown, E. J. & Baltimore, D. Essential and dispensable roles of ATR in cell cycle arrest and genome maintenance. Genes Dev. 17, 615-628 (2003).
    • (2003) Genes Dev. , vol.17 , pp. 615-628
    • Brown, E.J.1    Baltimore, D.2
  • 23
    • 3242670803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATR and ATM regulate the timing of DNA replication origin firing
    • Shechter, D., Costanzo, V. & Gautier, J. ATR and ATM regulate the timing of DNA replication origin firing. Nature Cell Biol. 6, 648-655 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 648-655
    • Shechter, D.1    Costanzo, V.2    Gautier, J.3
  • 25
    • 0034649590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Xenopus ATR is a replication-dependent chromatin-binding protein required for the DNA replication checkpoint
    • Hekmat-Nejad, M., You, Z., Yee, M. C., Newport, I. W. & Cimprich, K. A. Xenopus ATR is a replication-dependent chromatin-binding protein required for the DNA replication checkpoint. Curr. Biol. 10, 1565-1573 (2000).
    • (2000) Curr. Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 1565-1573
    • Hekmat-Nejad, M.1    You, Z.2    Yee, M.C.3    Newport, I.W.4    Cimprich, K.A.5
  • 26
    • 0037365789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM and related protein kinases: Safeguarding genome integrity
    • Shiloh, Y. ATM and related protein kinases: safeguarding genome integrity. Nature Rev. Cancer 3, 155-168 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.3 , pp. 155-168
    • Shiloh, Y.1
  • 27
    • 3242885156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDC1/NFBD1: A key regulator of the DNA damage response in higher eukaryotes
    • Stucki, M. & Jackson, S. P. MDC1/NFBD1: a key regulator of the DNA damage response in higher eukaryotes. DNA Repair (Amst) 3, 953-957 (2004).
    • (2004) DNA Repair (Amst) , vol.3 , pp. 953-957
    • Stucki, M.1    Jackson, S.P.2
  • 28
    • 3242878502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Claspin, a regulator of Chk1 in DNA replication stress pathway
    • Chini, C. C. & Chen, J. Claspin, a regulator of Chk1 in DNA replication stress pathway. DNA Repair (Amst) 3, 1033-1037 (2004).
    • (2004) DNA Repair (Amst) , vol.3 , pp. 1033-1037
    • Chini, C.C.1    Chen, J.2
  • 29
    • 0038418869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chk1 and Chk2 kinases in checkpoint control and cancer
    • Bartek, J. & Lukas, J. Chk1 and Chk2 kinases in checkpoint control and cancer. Cancer Cell 3, 421-429 (2003).
    • (2003) Cancer Cell , vol.3 , pp. 421-429
    • Bartek, J.1    Lukas, J.2
  • 30
    • 0037341599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of mammalian checkpoint regulators induced by DNA damage
    • Lukas, C., Falck, J., Bartkova, J., Bartek, J. & Lukas, J. Distinct spatiotemporal dynamics of mammalian checkpoint regulators induced by DNA damage. Nature Cell Biol. 5, 255-260 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 255-260
    • Lukas, C.1    Falck, J.2    Bartkova, J.3    Bartek, J.4    Lukas, J.5
  • 31
    • 3342915628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mdc1 couples DNA double-strand break recognition by Nbs1 with its H2AX-dependent chromatin retention
    • Lukas, C. et al. Mdc1 couples DNA double-strand break recognition by Nbs1 with its H2AX-dependent chromatin retention. EMBO J. 23, 2674-2683 (2004).
    • (2004) EMBO J. , vol.23 , pp. 2674-2683
    • Lukas, C.1
  • 32
    • 0037711771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone H2AX phosphorylation is dispensable for the initial recognition of DNA breaks
    • Celeste, A. et al. Histone H2AX phosphorylation is dispensable for the initial recognition of DNA breaks. Nature Cell Biol. 5, 675-679 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.5 , pp. 675-679
    • Celeste, A.1
  • 33
    • 0037468169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDC1 is required for the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint
    • Goldberg, M. et al. MDC1 is required for the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint. Nature 421, 952-956 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 952-956
    • Goldberg, M.1
  • 34
    • 9244252580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methylated lysine 79 of histone H3 targets 53BP1 to DNA double-strand breaks
    • doi: 10.1038/nature03114 (in the press)
    • Huyen, Y. et al. Methylated lysine 79 of histone H3 targets 53BP1 to DNA double-strand breaks. Nature doi: 10.1038/nature03114 (in the press).
    • Nature
    • Huyen, Y.1
  • 35
    • 0037468232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDC1 is coupled to activated CHK2 in mammalian DNA damage response pathways
    • Lou, Z., Minter-Dykhouse, K., Wu, X. & Chen, J. MDC1 is coupled to activated CHK2 in mammalian DNA damage response pathways. Nature 421, 957-961 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 957-961
    • Lou, Z.1    Minter-Dykhouse, K.2    Wu, X.3    Chen, J.4
  • 36
    • 0037458608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NFBD1, a novel nuclear protein with signature motifs of FHA and BRCT, and an internal 41-amino acid repeat sequence, is an early participant in DNA damage response
    • Shang, Y. L., Bodero, A. J. & Chen, P. L. NFBD1, a novel nuclear protein with signature motifs of FHA and BRCT, and an internal 41-amino acid repeat sequence, is an early participant in DNA damage response. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 6323-6329 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 6323-6329
    • Shang, Y.L.1    Bodero, A.J.2    Chen, P.L.3
  • 37
    • 0037468192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint
    • Stewart, G. S., Wang, B., Bignell, C. R., Taylor, A. M. & Elledge, S. J. MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint. Nature 421, 961-966 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature , vol.421 , pp. 961-966
    • Stewart, G.S.1    Wang, B.2    Bignell, C.R.3    Taylor, A.M.4    Elledge, S.J.5
  • 38
    • 0037424296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NFBD1/KIAA0170 is a chromatin-associated protein involved in DNA damage signaling pathways
    • Xu, X. & Stern, D. F. NFBD1/KIAA0170 is a chromatin-associated protein involved in DNA damage signaling pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 8795-8803 (2003).
    • (2003) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.278 , pp. 8795-8803
    • Xu, X.1    Stern, D.F.2
  • 39
    • 0036902410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 53BP1 functions in an ATM-dependent checkpoint pathway that is constitutively activated in human cancer
    • DiTullio, R. A. Jr et al. 53BP1 functions in an ATM-dependent checkpoint pathway that is constitutively activated in human cancer. Nature Cell Biol. 4, 998-1002 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 998-1002
    • DiTullio Jr., R.A.1
  • 40
    • 0037378527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • p53 binding protein 53BP1 is required for DNA damage responses and tumor suppression in mice
    • Ward, I. M., Minn, K., van Deursen, J. & Chen, J. p53 Binding protein 53BP1 is required for DNA damage responses and tumor suppression in mice. Mol. Cell Biol. 23, 2556-2563 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 2556-2563
    • Ward, I.M.1    Minn, K.2    Van Deursen, J.3    Chen, J.4
  • 41
    • 0037112212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 53BP1, a mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint
    • Wang, B., Matsuoka, S., Carpenter, P. B. & Elledge, S. J. 53BP1, a mediator of the DNA damage checkpoint. Science 298, 1435-1438 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , pp. 1435-1438
    • Wang, B.1    Matsuoka, S.2    Carpenter, P.B.3    Elledge, S.J.4
  • 42
    • 0142240342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BRCT repeats as phosphopeptide-binding modules involved in protein targeting
    • Manke, I. A., Lowery, D. M., Nguyen, A. & Yaffe, M. B. BRCT repeats as phosphopeptide-binding modules involved in protein targeting. Science 302, 636-639 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 636-639
    • Manke, I.A.1    Lowery, D.M.2    Nguyen, A.3    Yaffe, M.B.4
  • 43
    • 0142147272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The BRCT domain is a phospho-protein binding domain
    • Yu, X., Chini, C. C., He, M., Mer, G. & Chen, J. The BRCT domain is a phospho-protein binding domain. Science 302, 639-642 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 639-642
    • Yu, X.1    Chini, C.C.2    He, M.3    Mer, G.4    Chen, J.5
  • 44
    • 0032861343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo
    • Rogakou, E. P., Boon, C., Redon, C. & Bonner, W. M. Megabase chromatin domains involved in DNA double-strand breaks in vivo. J. Cell Biol. 146, 905-916 (1999).
    • (1999) J. Cell Biol. , vol.146 , pp. 905-916
    • Rogakou, E.P.1    Boon, C.2    Redon, C.3    Bonner, W.M.4
  • 45
    • 0036276388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mre11 complex: At the crossroads of DNA repair and checkpoint signalling
    • D'Amours, D. & Jackson, S. P. The mre11 complex: at the crossroads of DNA repair and checkpoint signalling. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3, 317-327 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.3 , pp. 317-327
    • D'Amours, D.1    Jackson, S.P.2
  • 46
    • 0142011461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks: Defining the sensors and mediators
    • Petrini, J. H. & Stracker, T. H. The cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks: defining the sensors and mediators. Trends Cell Biol. 13, 458-462 (2003).
    • (2003) Trends Cell Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 458-462
    • Petrini, J.H.1    Stracker, T.H.2
  • 47
    • 0037291130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Claspin, a Chk1-regulatory protein, monitors DNA replication on chromatin independently of RPA, ATR, and Rad17
    • Lee, J., Kumagai, A. & Dunphy, W. G. Claspin, a Chk1-regulatory protein, monitors DNA replication on chromatin independently of RPA, ATR, and Rad17. Mol. Cell 11, 329-340 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Cell , vol.11 , pp. 329-340
    • Lee, J.1    Kumagai, A.2    Dunphy, W.G.3
  • 48
    • 5044224075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATR, Claspin and the Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex regulate Chik1 and Cdc25A in the absence of DNA damage
    • Sorensen, C. S., Syljuasen, R. G., Lukas, J. & Bartek, J. ATR, Claspin and the Rad9-Rad1-Hus1 complex regulate Chik1 and Cdc25A in the absence of DNA damage. Cell Cycle 3, 941-945 (2004).
    • (2004) Cell Cycle , vol.3 , pp. 941-945
    • Sorensen, C.S.1    Syljuasen, R.G.2    Lukas, J.3    Bartek, J.4
  • 49
    • 4444345565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centrosome-associated Chk1 prevents premature activation of cyclin-B-Cdk1 kinase
    • Krämer, A. et al. Centrosome-associated Chk1 prevents premature activation of cyclin-B-Cdk1 kinase. Nature Cell Biol. 9, 884-891 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.9 , pp. 884-891
    • Krämer, A.1
  • 50
    • 0031586604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The retinoblastoma protein pathway in cell cycle control and cancer
    • Bartek, J., Bartkova, J. & Lukas, J. The retinoblastoma protein pathway in cell cycle control and cancer. Exp. Cell Res. 237, 1-6 (1997).
    • (1997) Exp. Cell Res. , vol.237 , pp. 1-6
    • Bartek, J.1    Bartkova, J.2    Lukas, J.3
  • 51
    • 0001510491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RB and p53 pathways in cancer
    • Sherr, C. J. & McCormick, F. The RB and p53 pathways in cancer. Cancer Cell 2, 103-112 (2002).
    • (2002) Cancer Cell , vol.2 , pp. 103-112
    • Sherr, C.J.1    McCormick, F.2
  • 52
    • 0035195557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of diverse biological responses to DNA damage: Insights from yeast and p53
    • Wahl, G. M. & Carr, A. M. The evolution of diverse biological responses to DNA damage: insights from yeast and p53. Nature Cell Biol. 3, E277-E286 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.3
    • Wahl, G.M.1    Carr, A.M.2
  • 53
    • 0042854721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allosteric effects mediate CHK2 phosphorylation of the p53 transactivation domain
    • Craig, A. et al. Allosteric effects mediate CHK2 phosphorylation of the p53 transactivation domain. EMBO Rep. 4, 787-792 (2003).
    • (2003) EMBO Rep. , vol.4 , pp. 787-792
    • Craig, A.1
  • 54
    • 0035339357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATM-dependent phosphorylation of Mdm2 on serine 395: Role in p53 activation by DNA damage
    • Maya, R. et al. ATM-dependent phosphorylation of Mdm2 on serine 395: role in p53 activation by DNA damage. Genes Dev. 15, 1067-1077 (2001).
    • (2001) Genes Dev. , vol.15 , pp. 1067-1077
    • Maya, R.1
  • 56
    • 0043066731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulating mammalian checkpoints through Cdc25 inactivation
    • Donzelli, M. & Draetta, G. F. Regulating mammalian checkpoints through Cdc25 inactivation. EMBO Rep. 4, 671-677 (2003).
    • (2003) EMBO Rep. , vol.4 , pp. 671-677
    • Donzelli, M.1    Draetta, G.F.2
  • 57
    • 0036500555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of the cohesin protein, Smc1, in Atm-dependent and independent responses to DNA damage
    • Kim, S. T., Xu, B. & Kastan, M. B. Involvement of the cohesin protein, Smc1, in Atm-dependent and independent responses to DNA damage. Genes Dev. 16, 560-570 (2002).
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 560-570
    • Kim, S.T.1    Xu, B.2    Kastan, M.B.3
  • 58
    • 0036500690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SMC1 is a downstream effector in the ATM/NBS1 branch of the human S-phase checkpoint
    • Yazdi, P. T. et al. SMC1 is a downstream effector in the ATM/NBS1 branch of the human S-phase checkpoint. Genes Dev. 16, 571-582 (2002).
    • (2002) Genes Dev. , vol.16 , pp. 571-582
    • Yazdi, P.T.1
  • 59
    • 0037123768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Convergence of the fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia signaling pathways
    • Taniguchi, T. et al. Convergence of the fanconi anemia and ataxia telangiectasia signaling pathways. Cell 109, 459-472 (2002).
    • (2002) Cell , vol.109 , pp. 459-472
    • Taniguchi, T.1
  • 60
    • 4544280871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction of FANCD2 and NBS1 in the DNA damage response
    • Nakanishi, K. et al. Interaction of FANCD2 and NBS1 in the DNA damage response. Nature Cell Biol. 4, 913-920 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Cell Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 913-920
    • Nakanishi, K.1
  • 61
    • 0036510055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DNA damage-dependent intra-S phase checkpoint is regulated by parallel pathways
    • Falck, J., Petrini, J. H., Williams, B. R., Lukas, J. & Bartek, J. The DNA damage-dependent intra-S phase checkpoint is regulated by parallel pathways. Nature Genet. 30, 290-294 (2002).
    • (2002) Nature Genet. , vol.30 , pp. 290-294
    • Falck, J.1    Petrini, J.H.2    Williams, B.R.3    Lukas, J.4    Bartek, J.5
  • 62
    • 1842576658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DNA crosslink-induced S-phase checkpoint depends on ATR-CHK1 and ATR-NBS1-FANCD2 pathways
    • Pichierri, P. & Rosselli, F. The DNA crosslink-induced S-phase checkpoint depends on ATR-CHK1 and ATR-NBS1-FANCD2 pathways. EMBO J. 23, 1178-1187 (2004).
    • (2004) EMBO J. , vol.23 , pp. 1178-1187
    • Pichierri, P.1    Rosselli, F.2
  • 63
    • 0037245862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An ATR- and Cdc7-dependent DNA damage checkpoint that inhibits initiation of DNA replication
    • Costanzo, V. et al. An ATR- and Cdc7-dependent DNA damage checkpoint that inhibits initiation of DNA replication. Mol. Cell 11, 203-213 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Cell , vol.11 , pp. 203-213
    • Costanzo, V.1
  • 64
    • 0036146085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two molecularly distinct G(2)/M checkpoints are induced by ionizing irradiation
    • Xu, B., Kim, S.-T., Lim, D.-S. & Kastan, M. B. Two molecularly distinct G(2)/M checkpoints are induced by ionizing irradiation. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 1049-1059 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 1049-1059
    • Xu, B.1    Kim, S.-T.2    Lim, D.-S.3    Kastan, M.B.4
  • 65
    • 0036948433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward maintaining the genome: DNA damage and replication checkpoints
    • Nyberg, K. A., Michelson, R. J., Putnam, C. W. & Weinert, T. A. Toward maintaining the genome: DNA damage and replication checkpoints. Annu. Rev. Genet. 36, 617-656 (2002).
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.36 , pp. 617-656
    • Nyberg, K.A.1    Michelson, R.J.2    Putnam, C.W.3    Weinert, T.A.4
  • 66
    • 9244240149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CHK1, but not CHK2, inhibits Cdc25 phosphatases by a novel common, mechanism
    • in the press
    • Katsuhiro, U., Daigo, I., Ken, S., Nobushige, N. & Noriyuki, S. CHK1, but not CHK2, inhibits Cdc25 phosphatases by a novel common, mechanism. EMBO J. (in the press).
    • EMBO J.
    • Katsuhiro, U.1    Daigo, I.2    Ken, S.3    Nobushige, N.4    Noriyuki, S.5
  • 67
    • 0036847320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of G(2)/M events by Cdc25A through phosphorylation-dependent modulation of its stability
    • Mailand, N. et al. Regulation of G(2)/M events by Cdc25A through phosphorylation-dependent modulation of its stability. EMBO J. 21, 5911-5920 (2002).
    • (2002) EMBO J. , vol.21 , pp. 5911-5920
    • Mailand, N.1
  • 68
    • 0035799557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initiation of a G2/M checkpoint after ultraviolet radiation requires p38 kinase
    • Bulavin, D. V. et al. Initiation of a G2/M checkpoint after ultraviolet radiation requires p38 kinase. Nature 411, 102-107 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 102-107
    • Bulavin, D.V.1
  • 69
    • 0035032649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of Brca1 in S-phase and G(2)-phase checkpoints after ionizing irradiation
    • Xu, B., Kim, S. & Kastan, M. B. Involvement of Brca1 in S-phase and G(2)-phase checkpoints after ionizing irradiation. Mol. Cell Biol. 21, 3445-3450 (2001).
    • (2001) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 3445-3450
    • Xu, B.1    Kim, S.2    Kastan, M.B.3
  • 70
    • 0035810054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53
    • Taylor, W. R. & Stark, G. R. Regulation of the G2/M transition by p53. Oncogene 20, 1803-1815 (2001).
    • (2001) Oncogene , vol.20 , pp. 1803-1815
    • Taylor, W.R.1    Stark, G.R.2
  • 71
    • 1542725073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the checkpoint kinases: Chemosensitization versus chemoprotection
    • Zhou, B. B. & Bartek, J. Targeting the checkpoint kinases: chemosensitization versus chemoprotection. Nature Rev. Cancer 4, 216-225 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Rev. Cancer , vol.4 , pp. 216-225
    • Zhou, B.B.1    Bartek, J.2
  • 72
    • 2942722673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of Rad52 partially rescues tumorigenesis and T-cell maturation in Atm-deficient mice
    • Treuner, K., Helton, R. & Barlow, C. Loss of Rad52 partially rescues tumorigenesis and T-cell maturation in Atm-deficient mice. Oncogens 23, 4655-4661 (2004).
    • (2004) Oncogens , vol.23 , pp. 4655-4661
    • Treuner, K.1    Helton, R.2    Barlow, C.3
  • 73
    • 0033544724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The DNA double-strand break repair gene hMRE11 is mutated in individuals with an ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder
    • Stewart, G. S. et al. The DNA double-strand break repair gene hMRE11 is mutated in individuals with an ataxia-telangiectasia-like disorder. Cell 99, 577-587 (1999).
    • (1999) Cell , vol.99 , pp. 577-587
    • Stewart, G.S.1
  • 74
    • 0032076248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hMre11/hRad50 protein complex and Nijmegen breakage syndrome: Linkage of double-strand break repair to the cellular DNA damage response
    • Carney, J. P. et al. The hMre11/hRad50 protein complex and Nijmegen breakage syndrome: linkage of double-strand break repair to the cellular DNA damage response. Cell 93, 477-486 (1998).
    • (1998) Cell , vol.93 , pp. 477-486
    • Carney, J.P.1
  • 75
    • 0032076190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nibrin, a novel DNA double-strand break repair protein, is mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome
    • Varon, R. et al. Nibrin, a novel DNA double-strand break repair protein, is mutated in Nijmegen breakage syndrome. Cell 93, 467-476 (1998).
    • (1998) Cell , vol.93 , pp. 467-476
    • Varon, R.1
  • 76
    • 0345073699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A splicing mutation affecting expression of ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) results in Seckel syndrome
    • O'Driscoll, M., Ruiz-Perez, V. L., Woods, C. G., Jeggo, P. A. & Goodship, J. A. A splicing mutation affecting expression of ataxia- telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) results in Seckel syndrome. Nature Genet. 33, 497-501 (2003).
    • (2003) Nature Genet. , vol.33 , pp. 497-501
    • O'Driscoll, M.1    Ruiz-Perez, V.L.2    Woods, C.G.3    Jeggo, P.A.4    Goodship, J.A.5
  • 77
    • 0242678554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome instability induced in vitro with mitomycin C in five Seckel syndrome patients
    • Bobabilla-Morales, L. et al. Chromosome instability induced in vitro with mitomycin C in five Seckel syndrome patients. Am. J. Med. Genet. 123, 148-152 (2003).
    • (2003) Am. J. Med. Genet. , vol.123 , pp. 148-152
    • Bobabilla-Morales, L.1
  • 78
    • 4143051517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ATR functions as a gene dosage-dependent tumor suppressor on a mismatch repair-deficient background
    • Fang, Y. et al. ATR functions as a gene dosage-dependent tumor suppressor on a mismatch repair-deficient background. EMBO J. 23, 3164-3174 (2004).
    • (2004) EMBO J. , vol.23 , pp. 3164-3174
    • Fang, Y.1
  • 79
    • 0042991379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histone H2AX: A dosage-dependent suppressor of oncogenic translocations and tumors
    • Bassing, C. H. et al. Histone H2AX: a dosage-dependent suppressor of oncogenic translocations and tumors. Cell 114, 359-370 (2003).
    • (2003) Cell , vol.114 , pp. 359-370
    • Bassing, C.H.1
  • 80
    • 0042991383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • H2AX haploinsufficiency modifies genomic stability and tumor susceptibility
    • Celeste, A. et al. H2AX haploinsufficiency modifies genomic stability and tumor susceptibility. Cell 114, 371-383 (2003).
    • (2003) Cell , vol.114 , pp. 371-383
    • Celeste, A.1
  • 81
    • 0038613469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checkpoint mediators: Relaying signals from DNA strand breaks
    • Canman, C. E. Checkpoint mediators: relaying signals from DNA strand breaks. Curr. Biol. 13, R48S-R490 (2003).
    • (2003) Curr. Biol. , vol.13
    • Canman, C.E.1
  • 82
    • 17644432403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chk1 is an essential kinase that is regulated by Atr and required for the G(2)/M DNA damage checkpoint
    • Liu, Q. et al. Chk1 is an essential kinase that is regulated by Atr and required for the G(2)/M DNA damage checkpoint. Genes Dev. 14, 1448-1459 (2000).
    • (2000) Genes Dev. , vol.14 , pp. 1448-1459
    • Liu, Q.1
  • 83
    • 3142552523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chk1 is haploinsufficient for multiple functions critical to tumor suppression
    • Lam, M. H., Liu, Q., Elledge, S. J. & Rosen, J. M. Chk1 is haploinsufficient for multiple functions critical to tumor suppression. Cancer Cell 6, 45-59 (2004).
    • (2004) Cancer Cell , vol.6 , pp. 45-59
    • Lam, M.H.1    Liu, Q.2    Elledge, S.J.3    Rosen, J.M.4
  • 84
    • 0036724625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chk2 is a tumor suppressor that regulates apoptosis in both an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent and an ATM-independent manner
    • Hirao, A. et al. Chk2 is a tumor suppressor that regulates apoptosis in both an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent and an ATM-independent manner. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 6521-6532 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 6521-6532
    • Hirao, A.1
  • 85
    • 0033601346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterozygous germ line hCHK2 mutations in Li-Fraumeni syndrome
    • Bell, D. W. et al. Heterozygous germ line hCHK2 mutations in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Science 286, 2528-2531 (1999).
    • (1999) Science , vol.286 , pp. 2528-2531
    • Bell, D.W.1
  • 86
    • 0142178215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2
    • King, M. C., Marks, J. H. & Mandell, J. B. Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Science 302, 643-646 (2003).
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 643-646
    • King, M.C.1    Marks, J.H.2    Mandell, J.B.3
  • 87
    • 0037169354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancer susceptibility and the functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2
    • Venkitaraman, A. R. Cancer susceptibility and the functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2. Cell 108, 171-182 (2002).
    • (2002) Cell , vol.108 , pp. 171-182
    • Venkitaraman, A.R.1
  • 88
    • 0032587877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional mutation of Brca1 in mammary epithelial cells results in blunted ductal morphogenesis and tumour formation
    • Xu, X. et al. Conditional mutation of Brca1 in mammary epithelial cells results in blunted ductal morphogenesis and tumour formation. Nature Genet. 22, 37-43 (1999).
    • (1999) Nature Genet. , vol.22 , pp. 37-43
    • Xu, X.1
  • 89
    • 0034946638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic interactions between tumor suppressors Brca1 and p53 in apoptosis, cell cycle and tumorigenesis
    • Xu, X. et al. Genetic interactions between tumor suppressors Brca1 and p53 in apoptosis, cell cycle and tumorigenesis. Nature Genet. 28, 266-271 (2001).
    • (2001) Nature Genet. , vol.28 , pp. 266-271
    • Xu, X.1
  • 90
    • 2442659194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collaboration of Brca1 and Chk2 in tumorigenesis
    • McPherson, J. P. et al. Collaboration of Brca1 and Chk2 in tumorigenesis. Genes Dev. 18, 1144-1153 (2004).
    • (2004) Genes Dev. , vol.18 , pp. 1144-1153
    • McPherson, J.P.1
  • 91
    • 0036136316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brca2 (XRCC11) deficiency results in radioresistant DNA synthesis and a higher frequency of spontaneous deletions
    • Kraakman-van der Zwet, M. et al. Brca2 (XRCC11) deficiency results in radioresistant DNA synthesis and a higher frequency of spontaneous deletions. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 669-679 (2002).
    • (2002) Mol. Cell Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 669-679
    • Kraakman-Van Der Zwet, M.1
  • 92
    • 18444362122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biallelic inactivation of BRCA2 in Fanconi anemia
    • Howlett, N. G. et al. Biallelic inactivation of BRCA2 in Fanconi anemia. Science 297, 606-609 (2002).
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 606-609
    • Howlett, N.G.1
  • 93
    • 0042161939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fanconi road to cancer
    • D'Andrea, A. D. The Fanconi road to cancer. Genes Dev. 17, 1933-1936 (2003).
    • (2003) Genes Dev. , vol.17 , pp. 1933-1936
    • D'Andrea, A.D.1
  • 94
    • 0033166981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitotic checkpoint inactivation fosters transformation in cells lacking the breast cancer susceptibility gene, Brca2
    • Lee, H. et al. Mitotic checkpoint inactivation fosters transformation in cells lacking the breast cancer susceptibility gene, Brca2. Mol. Cell 4, 1-10 (1999).
    • (1999) Mol. Cell , vol.4 , pp. 1-10
    • Lee, H.1
  • 95
    • 0346156075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checkpoint failure and chromosomal instability without lymphomagenesis in Mre11 (ATLD1/ATLD1) mice
    • Theunissen, J. W. et al. Checkpoint failure and chromosomal instability without lymphomagenesis in Mre11 (ATLD1/ATLD1) mice. Mol. Cell 12, 1511-1523 (2003).
    • (2003) Mol. Cell , vol.12 , pp. 1511-1523
    • Theunissen, J.W.1
  • 96
    • 0346455759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chromosome stability, in the absence of apoptosis, is critical for suppression of tumorigenesis in Trp53 mutant mice
    • Liu, G. et al. Chromosome stability, in the absence of apoptosis, is critical for suppression of tumorigenesis in Trp53 mutant mice. Nature Genet. 36, 63-68 (2004).
    • (2004) Nature Genet. , vol.36 , pp. 63-68
    • Liu, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.