Mass spectrometry in food proteomics: A tutorial

Journal of Mass Spectrometry

Volumn 49, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 768-784

  Cunsolo, Vincenzo ^a   Muccilli, Vera ^a   Saletti, Rosaria ^a   Foti, Salvatore ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Food adulteration; Food quality; Food safety; MS; Proteomics

Indexed keywords

FOOD SAFETY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NUTRITION; PLANNING;

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES; FOOD ADULTERATIONS; FOOD QUALITY; FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETIES; MICROBIAL CONTAMINANT; MS; PROTEOMICS; TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES;

PROTEINS;

ALLERGEN; AMINO ACID; CARBONYL DERIVATIVE; MILK PROTEIN; PROTEOME;

ALLERGENICITY; AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; DNA MODIFICATION; FOOD ALLERGY; FOOD PROCESSING; FOOD QUALITY; FOOD SAFETY; FOOD STORAGE; GLYCOSYLATION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; MATRIX ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION IONIZATION TIME OF FLIGHT MASS SPECTROMETRY; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PRODUCT SAFETY; PROTEIN AGGREGATION; PROTEIN ANALYSIS; PROTEIN CONTENT; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN INTAKE; PROTEIN MODIFICATION; PROTEIN PROTEIN INTERACTION; PROTEIN UNFOLDING; PROTEOMICS; RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY; REVIEW; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; ULTRA PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOOD ANALYSIS; PROCEDURES;

FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD QUALITY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PROTEOMICS;

EID: 84916934605     PISSN: 10765174     EISSN: 10969888     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jms.3374     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. J.R. Yates, C.I. Ruse, A. Nakorchevsky. Proteomics by mass spectrometry: approaches, advances, and applications. Annu. Rev. Biomed. 2009, 11, 49.
2. M. Herrero, C. Simó, V. García-Cañas, E. Ibáñez, A. Cifuentes. Foodomics: MS-based strategies in modern food science and nutrition. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2012, 31, 49.
3. L. Di Donna, F. Mazzotti, A. Napoli, A. Sajjad, R. Salerno, G. Sindona. Secondary metabolism of olive secoiridoids. New microcomponents detected in drupes by electrospray ionization and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 21, 273.
4. G. Mamone, G. Picariello, S. Caira, F. Addeo, P. Ferranti. Analysis of food proteins and peptides by mass spectrometry-based techniques. J. Cromatogr. A 2009, 1216, 7130.
5. J.M. Gallardo, I. Ortea, M. Carrera. Proteomics and its applications for food authentication and food-technology research. Trends in Anal. Chem. 2013, 52, 135.
6. A. D'Alessandro, L. Zolla. We are what we eat: food safety and proteomics. J. Proteome Res. 2012, 11, 26.
7. A. Jimmy Ytterberg, J. Dunsmore, S. H. Lomeli, M. Thevis, Y. Xie, R. R. Ogorzalek Loo, J. A. Loo. In Electrospray and MALDI Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals, Instrumentation, Practicalities, and Biological Applications: Second Edition. Part V; chapter 18, In The Role of Mass Spectrometry for Peptide, Protein, and Proteome Characterization, R. B. Cole (Ed). J. Wiley and Sons: Hoboken, New Jersey, 2012, 685.
8. S.S. Thakur, T. Geiger, B. Chatterjee, P. Bandilla, F. Frohlich, J. Cox, M. Mann. Deep and highly sensitive proteome coverage by LC-MS/MS without prefractionation. M. Mol. Cell Proteomics 2011, 10, M110 003699.
9. A.B. Kanu, P. Dwivedi, M. Tam, L. Matz, H.H. Hill Jr. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2008, 43, 1.
10. J.A. Loo, J.P. Quinn, S.I. Ryu, K.D. Henry, M.W. Senko, F.W. McLafferty. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of large biomolecules. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1992, 89, 286.
11. Q. Hu, R.J. Noll,, H. Li, A. Makarov, M. Hardman, G.R. Cooks. The Orbitrap: a new mass spectrometer. J. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 40, 430.
12. L. Quan, M. Liu. CID, ETD and HCD fragmentation to study protein post-translational modifications. Mod. Chem. Appl. 2013, 1,1, and references therein.
13. D.M. Good, M. Wirtala, G.C. McAlister, J.J. Coon. Performance characteristics of electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry. Mol. Cell. Proteom. 2007, 6, 1942.
14. H. Chi, R.X. Sun, B. Yang, C.Q. Song, L.H. Wang, et al. pNovo: de novo peptide sequencing and identification using HCD spectra. J. Proteome Res. 2010, 9, 2713.
15. C.K. Frese, A.F. Altelaar, M.L. Hennrich, D. Nolting, M. Zeller, J. Griep-Raming, A.J. Heck, S. Mohammed. Improved peptide identification by targeted fragmentation using CID, HCD and ETD on an LTQ-Orbitrap Velos. Proteome Res. 2011, 10, 2377.
16. N.L. Kelleher, H.Y. Lin, G.A. Valaskovic, D.J. Aaserud, E.K. Fridriksson, F.W. McLafferty. Top down versus bottom up protein characterization by tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 806.
17. M.L. Fournier, J.M. Gilmore, S.A. Martin-Brown, M.P. Washburn. Multidimensional separations-based shotgun proteomics. Chemical Review 2007, 107, 3654.
18. C.M. Delahunty, J.R. Yates III. MudPIT: multidimensional protein identification technology. Biotechniques 2007, 43, 563.
19. T. Rabilloud. Membrane proteins and proteomics: love is possible, but so difficult. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, S174.
20. P.G. Righetti, E. Boschetti. The ProteoMiner and the FortyNiners: searching for gold nuggets in the proteomic arena. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2008, 27, 596.
21. L. Switzar, M. Giera, W.M. Niessen. Protein digestion: an overview of the available techniques and recent developments. J. Proteome Res. 2013, 12, 1067.
22. F.W. McLafferty, K. Breuker, M. Jin, X. Han, G. Infusini, H. Jiang, X. Kong, T.P. Begley. Top-down MS, a powerful complement to the high capabilities of proteolysis proteomics. FEBS J. 2007, 274, 6256.
23. J. Wiesner, T. Premsler, A. Sickmann. Application of electron transfer dissociation (ETD) for the analysis of posttranslational modifications. Proteomics 2008, 8, 4466.
24. Y. Ge, B.G. Lawhorn, M. ElNaggar, E. Strauss, J.H. Park, T.P. Begley, F.W. McLafferty. Top down characterization of larger proteins (45 kDa) by electron capture dissociation mass spectrometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 672.
25. X. Han, M. Jin, K. Breuker, F.W. McLafferty. Extending top-down mass spectrometry to proteins with masses greater than 200 kilodaltons. Science 2006, 314, 109.
26. L. Martens. Bioinformatics challenges in mass spectrometry-driven proteomics. Methods Mol. Biol. 2011, 753, 359.
27. I. Eidhammer, K. Flikka, L. Martens, S.O. Mikalsen. Protein identification and characterization by MS. In Computational Methods for Mass Spectrometry Proteomics. (Eds. Wiley) 2007, and reference therein.
28. P. Waridel, A. Frank, H. Thomas, V. Surendranath, S. Sunyaev, P. Pevzner, A. Shevchenko. Sequence similarity-driven proteomics in organisms with unknown genomes by LC-MS/MS and automated de novo sequencing. Proteomics 2007, 7, 2318.
29. A. Panchaud, M. Affolter, P. Moreillon, M. Kussmann. Experimental and computational approaches to quantitative proteomics: status quo and outlook. J. Proteomics 2008, 71, 19.
30. M.H. Elliott, D.S. Smith, C.E. Parker, C. Borchers. Current trends in quantitative proteomics. J. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 44, 1637.
31. V. Cunsolo, V. Muccilli, R. Saletti, S. Foti. Mass spectrometry in the proteome analysis of mature cereal kernels. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2012, 31, 448.
32. P.I. Payne, M.A. Nightingale, A.F. Krattiger, L.M. Holt. The relationship between HMW glutenin subunit composition and the breadmaking quality of British-grown wheat varieties. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1987, 40, 51.
33. R.G. Dworschak, W. Ens, K.G. Standing, K.R. Preston, B.A. Marchylo, M.J. Nightingale, S.G. Stevenson, D.W. Hatcher. Analysis of wheat gluten proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 1998, 33, 429.
34. V. Cunsolo, S. Foti, R. Saletti, S. Gilbert, A.S. Tatham, P.R. Shewry. Structural studies of the allelic wheat glutenin subunits 1Bx7 and 1Bx20 by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 39, 66.
35. V. Cunsolo, S. Foti, R. Saletti, S. Gilbert, A.S. Tatham, P.R. Shewry. Structural studies of glutenin subunits 1Dy10 and 1Dy12 by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 2003, 17, 442.
36. V. Muccilli, V. Cunsolo, R. Saletti, S. Foti, S. Masci, D. Lafiandra. Characterization of B- and C-type low molecular weight glutenin subunits by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2005, 5, 719.
37. W.H. Vensel, F.M. Dupont, R. Chan, W.J. Hurkman. 2007. Mass spectrometry based identifications of LMW glutenin subunits. In Gluten Proteins 2006, G.L. Lookhart, P.K.W. Ng (Eds). AACCI: Minneapolis, MN, 347-351.
38. W.H. Vensel, F.M. Dupont, S. Sloane, S.B. Altenbach. Effect of cleavage enzyme, search algorithm and decoy database on mass spectrometric identification of wheat gluten proteins. Phytochemistry 2011, 72, 1154.
39. G. Mamone, S. De Caro, A. Di Luccia, F. Addeo, P. Ferranti. Proteomic-based analytical approach for the characterization of glutenin subunits in durum wheat. J. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 44, 1709.
40. V. Muccilli, V. Cunsolo, R. Saletti, S. Foti, B. Margiotta, F. Scossa, S. Masci, D. Lafiandra. Characterization of a specific class of typical low molecular weight glutenin subunits of durum wheat by a proteomic approach. J. Cereal Sci. 2010, 51, 134.
41. S. Gobaa, E. Bancel, G. Kleijer, P. Stamp, G. Branlard. Effect of the 1BL.1RS translocation on the wheat endosperm, as revealed by proteomic analysis. Proteomics 2007, 7, 4349.
42. G. Mamone, F. Addeo, L. Chianese, A. Di Luccia, A. De Martino, A. Nappo, A. Formisano, P. De Vivo, P. Ferranti. Characterization of wheat gliadin proteins by combined two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and tandem mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2005, 5, 2859.
43. V. Cunsolo, V. Muccilli, R. Saletti, S. Foti. Review: applications of mass spectrometry techniques in the investigation of milk proteome. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2011, 17, 305.
44. T. Uniacke-Lowe, T. Huppertz, P.F. Fox. Equine milk proteins: chemistry, structure and nutritional significance. Int. Dairy J. 2010, 20, 609.
45. V. Cunsolo, E. Cairone, R. Saletti, V. Muccilli, S. Foti. Sequence and phosphorylation level determinationof two donkey β-caseins by mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 23, 1907.
46. V. Cunsolo, R. Saletti, V. Muccilli, S. Foti. Characterization of the protein profile of donkey's milk whey fraction. J. Mass Spectrom. 2007, 42, 1162.
47. V. Cunsolo, V. Muccilli, E. Fasoli, R. Saletti, P.G. Righetti, S. Foti. Poppea's bath liquor: the secret proteome of she-donkey's milk. J. Proteomics 2011, 74, 2083.
48. V. Cunsolo, F. Galliano, V. Muccilli, R. Saletti, D. Marletta, S. Bordonaro, S. Foti. Detection and characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of a goat β-casein associated with a CSN2 null allele. Rapid Comm. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 19, 2943.
49. s1-casein isoforms from donkey by mass spectrometric method. J. Mass Spectrom. 2009, 44, 1742.
50. s2-casein isoforms in donkey's milk. J. Mass Spectrom. 2012, 47, 1150.
51. G. Mamone, S. Caira, G. Garro, A. Nicolai, P. Ferranti, G. Picariello, A. Malorni, L. Chianese, F. Addeo. Casein phosphoproteome: identification of phosphoproteins by combined mass spectrometry and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2003, 24, 2824.
52. A. D'Alessandro, S. Rinalducci, C. Marrocco, V. Zolla, F. Napolitano, L. Zolla. Love me tender: an Omics window on the bovine meat tenderness network. J. Proteomics 2012, 75, 4360.
53. V. Muccilli, C. Licciardello, D. Fontanini, M.P. Russo, V. Cunsolo, R. Saletti, G. Reforgiato Recupero, S. Foti. Proteome analysis of Citrus sinensis L. (Osbeck) flesh at ripening time. J. Proteomics 2009, 73, 134.
54. V. Muccilli, C. Licciardello, D. Fontanini, V. Cunsolo, A. Capocchi, R. Saletti, B. Torrisi, S. Foti. Root protein profiles of two citrus rootstocks grown under iron sufficiency/deficiency conditions. Eur. J. Mass Spectrom. 2013, 19, 305.
55. M. Pischetsrieder, R. Baeuerlein. Proteome research in food science. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 2600.
56. Q. Zhang, J.M. Ames, R.D. Smith, J.W. Baynes, T.O. Metz. A perspective on the Maillard reaction and the analysis of protein glycation by mass spectrometry: probing the pathogenesis of chronic disease. J. Proteome Res. 2009, 8, 754.
57. I. Losito, T. Carbonara, L. Monaci, F. Palmisano. Evaluation of the thermal history of bovine milk from the lactosylation of whey proteins: an investigation by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 389, 2065.
58. S. Arena, G. Renzone, G. Novi, A. Paffetti, G. Bernardini, A. Santucci, A. Scaloni. Modern proteomic methodologies for the characterization of lactosylation protein targets in milk. Proteomics 2010, 10, 3414.
59. M. Friedman. Chemistry, biochemistry, nutrition and microbiology of lysinoalanine, lanthionine, and histidinoalanine in food and other products. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1999, 47, 1295.
60. M.G. Calabrese, G. Mamone, S. Caira, P. Ferranti, F. Addeo. Quantitation of lysinoalanine in dairy products by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring. Food Chem. 2009, 116, 799.
61. D.S. Mottram, B.L. Wedzicha, A.T. Dodson. Acrylamide is formed in the Maillard reaction. Nature 2002, 419, 448.
62. A. Basile, P. Ferranti, R. Moccaldi, G. Spagnoli, N. Sannolo. Proteomic approach for the analysis of acrylamide-hemoglobin adducts. Perspectives for biological monitoring. J. Chromatography A 2008, 1215, 74.
63. F. Fenaille, V. Parisod, J.C. Tabet, P.A. Guy. Carbonylation of milk powder proteins as a consequence of processing conditions. Proteomics 2005, 5, 3097.
64. A. Scaloni, V. Perillo, P. Franco, F. Fedele, R. Froio, L. Ferrara, P. Bergamo. Characterization of heat-induced lactosylation products in caseins by immunoenzymatic and mass spectrometric methodologies. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2002, 1598, 30.
65. A. Promeyrat, T. Sayd, E. Laville, C. Chambon, B. Lebret, P. Gatellier. Early post mortem sarcoplasmic proteome of porcine muscle related to protein oxidation. Food Chem. 2011, 127, 1097.
66. M. Pazos, A. Pereira da Rocha, P. Roepstorff, A. Rogowska-Wrzesinska. Fish proteins as targets of ferrous-catalyzed oxidation: identification of protein carbonyls by fluorescent labeling on two-dimensional gels and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 7962.
67. P.C. Burcham, Y.T. Kuhan. Diminished susceptibility to proteolysis after protein modification by the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde: inhibitory role for cross-linked and non cross-linked adducted proteins. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1997, 340, 331.
68. European Commission. OJ L 109, 6.5.2000. European Commission; Bruxelles, Belgium. 2009. Directive 2000/13/ec of the european parliament and of the council of 20 march 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the member states relating to the labelling, presentation and advertising of foodstuffs; p. 29.
69. A.J. van Hengel. Food allergen detection methods and the challenge to protect food-allergic consumers. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 389, 111.
70. L. Monaci, V. Tregoat, A.J. van Hengel, E. Anklam. Milk allergens, their characteristics and their detection in food: a review. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2006, 223, 149.
71. M. Natale, C. Bisson, G. Monti, A. Peltran, L.P. Garoffo, S. Valentini, C. Fabris, E. Bertino, A. Coscia, A. Conti. Cow's milk allergens identification by two-dimensional immunoblotting and mass spectrometry. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2004, 48, 363.
72. S. Sabbadin, R. Seraglia, G. Allegri, A. Bertazzo, P. Traldi. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry in evaluation of protein profiles of infant formulae. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 1999, 13, 1438.
73. G. Monti, E. Bertino, M.C. Muratore, A. Coscia, F. Cresi, L. Silvestro, C. Fabris, D. Fortunato, M.G. Giuffrida, A. Conti. Efficacy of donkey's milk in treating highly problematic cow's milk allergic children: an in vivo and in vitro study. Ped. Allergy Immunol. 2007, 18, 258.
74. A. Criscione, V. Cunsolo, S. Bordonaro, A.M. Guastella, R. Saletti, A. Zuccaro, G. D'Urso, D. Marletta. Donkey's milk protein fraction investigated by electrophoretic methods and mass spectrometric analysis. Int. Dairy J. 2009, 19, 190.
75. A. D'Amato, A.V. Kravchuk, A. Bachi, P.G. Righetti. Noah's nectar: the proteome content of a glass of red wine. J. Proteomics 2010, 73, 2370.
76. M. Careri, A. Costa, L. Eviri, J.B. Lagos, A. Mangia, M. Terenghi, A. Cereti, L. Perono Garoffo. Use of specific peptide biomarkers for quantitative confirmation of hidden allergenic peanut proteins Ara h 2 and Ara h 3/4 for food control by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 389, 1901.
77. H.B. Krishnan, W.S. Kim, S. Jang, M.S. Kerley. All three subunits of soybean beta-conglycinin are potential food allergens. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2009, 57, 938.
78. S.A. Hasan, R.D. Wells, C.M. Davis. Egg hypersensitivity in review. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2013, 34, 26.
79. A.K. Malik, C. Blasco, Y. Pico. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in food safety. J. Chromatogr. A 2010, 1217, 4018.
80. Commission of the European Communities, White Paper on Food Safety, COM. 1999. 719 final, Brussels, 12 January 2000 (available at: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/intro/white paper en.htm).
81. H.J.P. Marvin, G.A. Kleter, L.J. Frewer, S. Cope, M.T.A. Wentholt, G. Rowe. A working procedure for identifying emerging food safety issues at an early stage: Implications for European and international risk management practices. Food Control 2009, 20, 345.
82. E. Venir, M. Del Torre, V. Cunsolo, R. Saletti, R. Musetti, M.L. Stecchini. Involvement of alanine racemase in germination of Bacillus cereus spores lacking an intact exosporium. Arch. Microbiol. 2014, 196, 79.
83. V. Tsilia, B. Devreese, I. de Baenst, B. Mesuere, A. Rajkovic, M. Uyttendaele, T. Van de Wiele, M. Heyndrickx. Application of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the detection of enterotoxins produced by pathogenic strains of the Bacillus cereus group. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 404, 1691.
84. B.L.M. van Baar. Characterisation of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation and electrospray mass spectrometry. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 2000, 24, 193.
85. I.C. Fernandez-No, K. Bohme, J.M. Gallardo, J. Barros-Velazquez, B. Canas, P. Calo-Mata. Differential characterization of biogenic amine-producing bacteria involved in food poisoning using MALDI-TOF mass fingerprinting. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 1116.
86. K. Bohme, I.C. Fernandez-No, J. Barros-Velazquez, J.M. Gallardo, B. Canas, P. Calo-Mata. SpectraBank: an open access tool for rapid microbial identification by MALDI-TOF MS fingerprinting. Electrophoresis 2012, 33, 2138.
87. J.L. Boehmer, D.D. Bannerman, K. Shefcheck, J.L. Ward. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in bovine milk during experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 2008, 91, 4206.
88. N.T.L. Doan, K. Van Hoorde, M. Cnockaert, E. De Brandt, M. Aerts, B.L. Thanh, P. Vandamme. Validation of MALDI-TOF MS for rapid classification and identification of lactic acid bacteria, with a focus on isolates from traditional fermented foods in Northern Vietnam. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2012, 55, 265.
89. L.F. Marvin-Guy, S. Parche, S. Wagniere, J. Moulin, R. Zink, M. Kussmann, et al. Rapid identification of stress-related fingerprint from whole bacterial cells of Bifidobacterium lactis using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2004, 15, 1222.
90. B. Sanchez, M.C. Champomier-Verges, P. Anglade, F. Baraige, C.G. de Los Reyes-Gavilan, A. Margolles, et al. Proteomic analysis of global changes in protein expression during bile salt exposure of Bifidobacterium longum NCIMB 8809. J. Bacteriol. 2005, 187, 5799.
91. H. Korhonen, A. Pihlanto. Food-derived bioactive peptides - opportunities for designing future foods. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2003, 9, 1297.
92. D. Schillaci, V. Arizza, N. Parrinello, V. Di Stefano, S. Fanara, V. Muccilli, V. Cunsolo, J.J.A. Haagensen, S. Molin. Antimicrobial and antistaphylococcal biofilm activity from the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. J. Appl. Microbiol. 2010, 108, 117.
93. D. Schillaci, M.G. Cusimano, V. Cunsolo, R. Saletti, D. Russo, M. Vazzana, M. Vitale, V. Arizza. Immune mediators of sea-cucumber Holothuria tubulosa (Echinodermata) as source of novel antimicrobial and anti-staphylococcal biofilm agents. AMB Express. 2013, 3, 35.
94. J. Carrasco-Castilla, A.J. Hernández-Àlvarez, C. Jiménez-Martínez, G. F. Gutiérrez-López, G. Dávila-Ortiz. Use of proteomics and peptidomics methods in food bioactive peptide science and engineering. Food Eng Rev. 2012, 4, 224.
95. L. Saavedra, E.M. Hebert, C. Minahk, P. Ferranti. An overview of "omic" analytical methods applied in bioactive peptide studies. Food Res. Int. 2013, 54, 925.
96. A. Panchaud, M. Affolter, M. Kussmann. Mass spectrometry for nutritional peptidomics: how to analyze food bioactives and their health effects. J. Proteomics 2012, 75, 3546.
97. B. Paizs, S. Suhai. Fragmentation pathways of protonated peptides. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2005, 24, 508.
98. G. Picariello, G. Mamone, C. Nitride, F. Addeo, P. Ferranti. Protein digestomics: integrated platforms to study food-protein digestion and derived functional and active peptides. Trends Anal. Chem. 2013, 52, 120.
99. R. Cozzolino, S. Passalacqua, S. Salemi and D. Garozzo. Identification of adulteration in water buffalo mozzarella and in ewe cheese by using whey proteins as biomarkers and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. J. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 37, 985.
100. V. Cunsolo, V. Muccilli, R. Saletti, S. Foti. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the monitoring of she-donkey's milk contamination or adulteration. J. Mass Spectrom. 2013, 8, 148.
101. M. Cuollo, S. Caira, O. Fierro, G. Pinto, G. Picariello and F. Addeo. Toward milk speciation through the monitoring of casein proteotypic peptides. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2010, 24, 1687.
102. V. Muccilli, M. Lo Bianco, V. Cunsolo, R. Saletti, G. Gallo, S. Foti. High molecular weight glutenin subunits in some durum wheat cultivars investigated by means of mass spectrometric techniques. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 12226.
103. E. Fasoli, A. D'Amato, A.V. Kravchuk, A. Citterio, P.G. Righetti. In-depth proteomic analysis of non-alcoholic beverages with peptide ligand libraries. I: almond milk and orgeat syrup. J. Proteomics 2011, 74, 1080.
104. V. Saez, E. Fasoli, A. D'Amato, E. Simó-Alfonso, P.G. Righetti. Artichoke and Cynar liqueur: two (not quite) entangled proteomes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2013, 1834, 119.
105. V. Garcìa-Cañas, C. Simó, C. León, E. Ibáñez, A. Cifuentes. MS-based analytical methodologies to characterize genetically modified crops. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 2011, 30, 396.
106. C. James. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM crops: 2010, ISAAA brief No. 42; ISAAA, Ithaca, NY, 2010.
107. Organization of Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD) in Safety evaluation of foods derived by modern biotechnology: concepts and principles. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris: 1993. http://www.oecd.org/pdf/M00034000/M00034525.pdf
108. M. Fernandez Ocaña, P. Fraser, R.K.P. Patel, J.M. Halket, P.M. Bramley. Mass spectrometric detection of CP4 EPSPS in genetically modified soya and maize. Rapid Commun. Mass. 2007, 21, 319.
109. European Food Safety Agency. Guidance document of the scientific panel on genetically modified organisms for the risk assessment of genetically modified plants and derived food and feed. EFSA Communications Department, Parma, Italy. 2006.
110. L. Zolla, S. Rinalducci, P. Antonioli, P.G. Righetti. Proteomics as a complementary tool for identifying unintended side effects occurring in transgenic maize seeds as a result of genetic modifications. J. Proteome Res. 2008, 7, 1850.
111. F. Sestili, F. Paoletti, E. Botticella, S. Masci, R. Saletti, V. Muccilli, D. Lafiandra. Comparative proteomic analysis of kernel proteins of two high amylose transgenic durum wheat lines obtained by biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated transformations. J. Cereal Sci. 2013, 58, 15.
112. F. Scossa, D. Laudencia-Chingcuanco, O.D. Anderson, W.H. Vensel, D. Lafiandra, R. D'Ovidio, S. Masci. Comparative proteomic and transcriptional profiling of a bread wheat cultivar and its derived transgenic line overexpressing a low molecular weight glutenin subunit gene in the endosperm. Proteomics 2008, 8, 2948.
113. B.B. Buchanan. Genetic engineering and the allergy issue. Plant Physiol. 2001, 126, 5.
114. E.M. Herman, R.M. Helm, R. Jung, A.J. Kinney. Genetic modification removes an immunodominant allergen from soybean. Plant Physiol. 2003, 132, 36.