Piecing together the puzzle of acetaldehyde as a neuroactive agent

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Volumn 36, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 404-430

  Correa, Mercè ^a,b   Salamone, John D ^b   Segovia, Kristen N ^b   Pardo, Marta ^a   Longoni, Rosanna ^c   Spina, Liliana ^c   Peana, Alessandra T ^d   Vinci, Stefania ^c   Acquas, Elio ^c  

^a UNIVERSITAT JAUME I   (Spain)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CAGLIARI   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF SASSARI   (Italy)

Author keywords

Acetaldehyde; Alcohol dehydrogenase; Aldehyde dehydrogenase; Catalase; CYP2E1; Dopamine; Ethanol; Salsolinol

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; ACETALDEHYDE; ALCOHOL; ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE; ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE; AMINOTRIAZOLE; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; ASPARTIC ACID; BETA ENDORPHIN; BETA FUNALTREXAMINE; CALCIUM CARBIMIDE CITRATE; CATALASE; CIGARETTE SMOKE; CYANAMIDE; CYSTEINE; CYTOCHROME P450 2E1; DISULFIRAM; DOPAMINE; GLUTAMIC ACID; LENTIVIRUS VECTOR; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR; NALOXONAZINE; NALTREXONE; PENICILLAMINE; SEROTONIN; SHORT HAIRPIN RNA; SODIUM AZIDE; TAURINE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ALCOHOL ABUSE; ALCOHOL BLOOD LEVEL; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ALCOHOL METABOLISM; ALCOHOLISM; ANXIETY; AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN NUCLEUS; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; CONDITIONED REFLEX; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HUMAN; IMPLICIT MEMORY; LOCOMOTION; NEUROMODULATION; NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE; NONHUMAN; PASSIVE AVOIDANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PSYCHOMOTOR ACTIVITY; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REINFORCEMENT; REVIEW; RIGHTING REFLEX; TASTE; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE; TRANQUILIZING ACTIVITY; VIRAL GENE THERAPY;

ACETALDEHYDE; ANIMALS; BRAIN; ETHANOL; HUMANS; PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY; PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS;

EID: 82855161377     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: 18737528     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.07.009     Document Type: Review

References (348)

1. Abrams K., Kushner M., Medina K.L., Voight A. The pharmacologic and expectancy effects of alcohol on social anxiety in individuals with social phobia. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001, 64:219-231.
2. Acosta M., Eissenberg T., Nichter M., Nichter M., Balster R.L. Characterizing early cigarette use episodes in novice smokers. Addictive Behav. 2008, 33:106-121.
3. Alheid G.F., Heimer L. New perspectives in basal forebrain organization of special relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders: the striatopallidal, amygdaloid, and corticopetal components of substantia innominata. Neuroscience 1988, 27:1-39.
4. Amit Z., Levitan D.E., Lindros K.O. Suppression of ethanol intake following administration of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors in rats. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 1976, 223:114-119.
5. Amit Z., Brown Z.W., Rockman G.E. Possible involvement of acetaldehyde, norepinephrine and their tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives in the regulation of ethanol seld-administration. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1977, 2:495-500.
6. Amit Z., Smith B.R. A multi-dimensional examination of the positive reinforcing properties of acetaldehyde. Alcohol 1985, 2:367-370.
7. Amit Z., Aragon C.M. Catalase activity measured in rats naive to ethanol correlates with later voluntary ethanol consumption: possible evidence for a biological marker system of ethanol intake. Psychopharmacology 1988, 95:512-515.
8. Amit Z., Smith B.R., Weiss S. Catalase as a regulator of the propensity to ingest alcohol in genetically determined acatalasemic individuals from Israel. Addict. Biol. 1999, 4:215-221.
9. Antikiewicz-Michaluk L., Romañska I., Papla I., Michaluk J., Bakalarz M., Vetulani J., Krygowska-Wajs A., Szczudlik A. Neurochemical changes induced by acute and chronic administration of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and salsolinol in dopaminergic structures of rat brain. Neuroscience 2000, 96:59-64.
10. Aragon C.M., Spivak K., Amit Z. Blockade of ethanol induced conditioned taste aversion by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole: evidence for catalase mediated synthesis of acetaldehyde in rat brain. Life Sci. 1985, 37:2077-2084.
11. Aragon C.M., Sternklar G., Amit Z. A correlation between voluntary ethanol consumption and brain catalase activity in the rat. Alcohol 1985, 2:353-356.
12. Aragon C.M., Abitbol M., Amit Z. Acetaldehyde may mediate reinforcement and aversion produced by ethanol. An examination using a conditioned taste-aversion paradigm. Neuropharmacology 1986, 25:79-83.
13. Aragon C.M., Amit Z. Genetic variation in ethanol sensitivity in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice: a further investigation of the differences in brain catalase activity. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1987, 492:398-400.
14. Aragon C.M., Spivak K., Amit Z. Effects of 3-amino-1,2,4,-triazole on ethanol-induced open-field activity: evidence for brain catalase mediation of ethanol's effects. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1989, 13:104-108.
15. Aragon C.M., Abitbol M., Amit Z. Ethanol-induced CTA mediated by acetaldehyde through central catecholamine activity. Psychopharmacology 1991, 103:74-77.
16. Aragon C.M., Spivak K., Amit Z. Effect of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on ethanol-induced narcosis, lethality and hypothermia in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1991, 39:55-59.
17. Aragon C.M., Amit Z. The effect of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on voluntary ethanol consumption: evidence for brain catalase involvement in the mechanism of action. Neuropharmacology 1992, 31:709-712.
18. 2 system. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1992, 44:93-98.
19. Aragon C.M., Amit Z. Differences in ethanol-induced behaviors in normal and acatalasemic mice: systematic examination using a biobehavioral approach. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1993, 44:547-554.
20. Arizzi M.N., Correa M., Betz A.J., Wisniecki A., Salamone J.D. Behavioral effects of intraventricular injections of low doses of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate in rats: studies with low and high rate operant schedules. Behav. Brain Res. 2003, 147:203-210.
21. Arizzi-LaFrance M.N., Correa M., Aragon C.M., Salamone J.D. Motor stimulant effects of ethanol onjected into the substantia nigra pars reticulata: importance of catalase-mediated metabolism and the role of acetaldehyde. Neuropsychpharmacology 2006, 31:997-1008.
22. Arolfo M.P., Overstreet D.H., Yao L., Fan P., Lawrence A.J., Tao G., Keung W.M., Vallee B.L., Olive M.F., Gass J.T., Rubin E., Anni H., Hodge C.W., Besheer J., Zablocki J., Leung K., Blackburn B.K., Lange L.G., Diamond I. Suppression of heavy drinking and alcohol seeking by a selective ALDH-2 inhibitor. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2009, 33:1935-1944.
23. Bachtell R.K., Wang Y.M., Freeman P., Risinger F.O., Ryabinin A.E. Alcohol drinking produces brain region-selective changes in expression of inducible transcription factors. Brain Res. 1999, 847:157-165.
24. Bardina L.R., Pron'ko P.S., Satanovskaia V.I., Kuz'mich A.B. Effect of acetaldehyde on ethanol- and aldehyde-metabolising systems of the liver and brain of rats. Ukr. Biokhim. Zh. 2003, 75:129-133.
25. Bardo M.T., Bevins R.A. Conditioned place preference: what does it add to our preclinical understanding of drug reward?. Psychopharmacology 2000, 153:31-43.
26. Baum S.S., Rommelspacher H. Determination of total dopamine, R- and S-salsolinol in human plasma by cyclodextrin bonded-phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J. Chromatogr. B: Biomed. Appl. 1994, 660:235-241.
27. Belluzzi J.D., Wang R., Leslie F.M. Acetaldehyde enhances acquisition of nicotine self-administration in adolescent Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:705-712.
28. Beninger R.J., Gerdjikov T. The role of signaling molecules in reward-related incentive learning. Neurotoxicity Res. 2004, 61:91-104.
29. Boehm S.L., Reed C.L., McKinnon C.S., Phillips T.J. Shared genes influence sensitivity to the effects of ethanol on locomotor and anxiety-like behaviors, and the stress axis. Psychopharmacology 2002, 161:54-63.
30. Brannan T.S., Maker H.S., Raes I.P. Regional distribution of catalase in the adult rat brain. J. Neurochem. 1981, 36:307-309.
31. Brown Z.W., Amit Z., Smith B., Rockman G.E. Differential effects on conditioned taste aversion learning with peripherally and centrally administered acetaldehyde. Neuropharmacology 1978, 17:931-935.
32. Brown Z.W., Amit Z., Rockman G.E. Intraventricular self-administration of acetaldehyde, but not ethanol, in naive laboratory rats. Psychopharmacology 1979, 64:271-276.
33. Brown Z.W., Amit Z., Smith B. Intraventricular self-administration of acetaldehyde and voluntary consumption of ethanol in rats. Behav. Neural. Biol. 1980, 28:150-155.
34. Canales J.J. Catalase-independent early-gene expression in rat brain following acute ethanol exposure. Brain Res. 2004, 1016:96-101.
35. Cao J., Belluzzi J.D., Loughlin S.E., Keyler D.E., Pentel P.R., Leslie F.M. Acetaldehyde, a major constituent of tobacco smoke, enhances behavioral, endocrine, and neuronal responses to nicotine in adolescent and adult rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007, 32:2025-2035.
36. Carlson H.E., Wasser H.L., Reidelberger R.D. Beer-induced prolactin secretion: a clinical and laboratory study of the role of salsolinol. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 1985, 60:673-677.
37. Carroll K.M., Fenton L.R., Ball S.A., Nich C., Frankforter T.L., Shi J., Rounsaville B.J. Efficacy of disulfiram and cognitive behavior therapy in cocaine-dependent outpatients: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2004, 61:264-272.
38. Cashaw J.L., Geraghty C.A. Tetrahydropapaveroline and the blood-brain barrier in rats. Alcohol 1991, 8:317-319.
39. Cashaw J.L. Tetrahydropapaveroline in brain regions of rats after acute ethanol administration. Alcohol. 1993, 10:133-138.
40. Casini A., Galli G., Salzano R., Ceni E., Franceschelli F., Rotella C.M., Surrenti C. Acetaldehyde induces c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogenes in fat-storing cell cultures through protein kinase C activation. Alcohol Alcohol 1994, 29:303-314.
41. Cederbaum A.I., Rubin E. Mechanism of the protective action of cysteine and penicillamine against acetaldehyde-induced mitochondrial injury. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1976, 25:2179-2185.
42. Centonze D., Usiello A., Gubellini P., Pisani A., Borrelli E., Bernardi G., Calabresi P. Dopamine D2 receptor-mediated inhibition of dopaminergic neurons in mice lacking D2L receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002, 27:723-726.
43. Chao H.M. Alcohol and the mystique of flushing. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1995, 19:104-109.
44. Chen Y.C., Lu R.B., Peng G.S., Wang M.F., Wang H.K., Ko H.C., Chang Y.C., Lu J.J., Li T.K., Yin S.J. Alcohol metabolism and cardiovascular response in an alcoholic patient homozygous for the ALDH2*2 variant gene allele. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1999, 23:1853-1860.
45. Chen Y.C., Peng G.S., Tsao T.P., Wang M.F., Lu R.B., Yin S.J. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis for overcoming acetaldehyde-induced adverse reaction in Asian alcoholics, heterozygous for the variant ALDH2*2 gene allele. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 2009, 19:588-599.
46. Chronwall B.M. Anatomy and physiology of the neuroendocrine arcuate nucleus. Peptides 1985, 6(Suppl. 2):1-11.
47. Chuck T.L., McLaughlin P.J., Arizzi-LaFrance M.N., Salamone J.D., Correa M. Comparison between multiple behavioral effects of peripheral ethanol administration in rats: sedation, ataxia, and bradykinesia. Life Sci. 2006, 79:154-161.
48. Clemente-Jimenez J.M., Mingorance-Cazorla L., Martinez-Rodriguez S., Las Heras-Vazquez F.J., Rodriguez-Vico F. Influence of sequential yeast mixtures on wine fermentation. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2005, 98:301-308.
49. Cohen G., Sinet P.M., Heikkila R. Ethanol oxidation by rat brain in vivo. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1980, 4:366-370.
50. Correa M., Miquel M., Sanchis-Segura C., Aragon C.M. Effects of chronic lead administration on ethanol-induced locomotor and brain catalase activity. Alcohol 1999, 19:43-49.
51. Correa M., Miquel M., Sanchis-Segura C., Aragon C.M. Acute lead acetate administration potentiates etanol-induced locomotor activity in mice: the role of brain catalase. Alchol Clin. Exp. Res. 1999, 23:799-805.
52. Correa M., Miquel M., Aragon C.M. Lead acetate potentiates brain catalase activity and enhances etanol-induced locomotion in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2000, 66:137-142.
53. Correa M., Sanchis-Segura C., Aragon C.M. Influence of brain catalase on ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex in mice. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001, 65:9-15.
54. Correa M., Chuck T., Arizzi M.N., Betz A., McLaughlin P.J., Salamone J.D. Motor effects of ethanol and ethanol metabolites after intracranial or peripheral injections in rats. Behav. Pharmacol. 2003, 14:76-77.
55. Correa M., Arizzi M.N., Betz A.J., Mingote S., Salamone J.D. Open field locomotor effects in rats after intraventricular injections of ethanol and the ethanol metabolites acetaldehyde and acetate. Brain Res. Bull. 2003, 62:197-202.
56. Correa M., Arizzi M.N., Betz A.J., Mingote S., Salamone J.D. Locomotor stimulant effects of intraventricular injections of low doses of ethanol in rats: acute and repeated administration. Psychopharmacology 2003, 170:368-375.
57. Correa M., Mingote S., Betz A., Wisniecki A., Salamone J.D. Substantia nigra pars reticulata GABA is involved in the regulation of operant lever pressing: pharmacological and microdialysis studies. Neuroscience 2003, 119:759-766.
58. Correa M., Sanchis-Segura C., Pastor R., Aragon C.M. Ethanol intake and motor sensitization: the role of brain catalase activity in mice with different genotypes. Physiol. Behav. 2004, 82:231-240.
59. Correa M., Salamone J.D., Aragon C.M. Central and peripheral effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on measures of anxiety in rats. Behav. Pharmacol. 2005, 16:19.
60. Correa, M., Arizzi-LaFrance, M.N., Salamone, J.D., 2005b. Behavioral stimulant effects of intracranial injections of ethanol and acetaldehyde in rats, in: Quertemont, E., Grant, K.A., Correa, M., Arizzi-LaFrance, M.N., Salamone, J.D., Tambour, S., Aragon, C.M., McBride, W.J., Rodd, Z.A., Goldstein, A., Zaffaroni, A., Li, T.K., Pisano, M., Diana, M. (Eds.), The Role of Acetaldehyde in the Central Effects of Ethanol. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 29, 221-234.
61. Correa M., Manrique H.M., Font L., Escrig M.A., Aragon C.M. Reduction in the anxiolytic effects of ethanol by centrally formed acetaldehyde: the role of catalase inhibitors and acetaldehyde-sequestering agents. Psychopharmacology 2008, 200:455-464.
62. Correa M., Viaggi C., Escrig M.A., Pascual M., Guerri C., Vaglini F., Aragon C.M., Corsini G.U. Ethanol intake and ethanol-induced locomotion and locomotor sensitization in CYPyp2e1 knockout mice. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 2009, 19:217-225.
63. Correa M., Arizzi-LaFrance M.N., Salamone J.D. Infusions of acetaldehyde into the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus induce motor activity in rats. Life Sci. 2009, 84:321-327.
64. Crabbe J.C., Dorsa D.M. Neonatal monosodium glutamate lesions alter neurosensitivity to ethanol in adult mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1986, 24:1343-1351.
65. Crankshaw D.L., Briggs J.E., Olszewski P.K., Shi Q., Grace M.K., Billington C.J., Levine A.S. Effects of intracerebroventricular ethanol on ingestive behavior and induction of c-Fos immunoreactivity in selected brain regions. Physiol. Behav. 2003, 79:113-120.
66. Criswell H.E., Simson P.E., Duncan G.E., McCown T.J., Herbert J.S., Morrow A.L., Breese G.R. Molecular basis for regionally specific action of ethanol on gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors: generalization to other ligand-gated ion channels. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1993, 267:522-537.
67. Cunningham C.L., Gremel C.M., Groblewski P.A. Drug-induced conditioned place preference and aversion in mice. Nat Protoc. 2006, 1:1662-1670.
68. Curran T., Morgan J.I. Fos: an immediate-early transcription factor in neurons. J. Neurobiol. 1995, 26:403-412.
69. D'Addario C., Ming Y., Ogren S.O., Terenius L. The role of acetaldehyde in mediating effects of alcohol on expression of endogenous opioid system genes in a neuroblastoma cell line. FASEB J. 2008, 22:662-670.
70. D'Addario C., Johansson S., Candeletti S., Romualdi P., ögren S.O., Terenius L., Ekström T.J. Ethanol and acetaldehyde exposure induces specific epigenetic modifications in the prodynorphin gene promoter in a human neuroblastoma cell line. FASEB J. 2010, November:24.
71. Dar R., Frenk H. Do smokers self-administer pure nicotine? A review of the evidence. Psychopharmacology 2004, 173:18-26.
72. Davis V.E., Walsh M.J. Alcohol, amines, and alkaloids: a possible biochemical basis for alcohol addiction. Science 1970, 167:1005-1007.
73. Davis V.E., Walsh M.J., Yamanaka Y. Augmentation of alkaloid formation from dopamine by alcohol and acetaldehyde in vitro. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1970, 174:401-412.
74. Deitrich R.A. Specificity of the action of ethanol in the central nervous system: behavioral effects. Alcohol Alcohol Suppl. 1987, 1:133-138.
75. Deitrich R.A. Acetaldehyde: déjà vu du jour. J. Stud. Alcohol 2004, 65(5):557-572.
76. Deitrich R.A. Ethanol as a prodrug: brain metabolism of ethanol mediates its reinforcing effects-a commentary. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2011, 35(4):581-583.
77. Del Maestro R., McDonald W. Distribution of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in developing rat brain. Mech. Ageing. Dev. 1987, 41:29-38.
78. Deng X.S., Deitrich R.A. Putative role of brain acetaldehyde in ethanol addiction. Curr. Drug Abuse Rev. 2008, 1:3-8.
79. Di Chiara G., Imperato A. Preferential stimulation of dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats by ethanol. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1986, 239:219-228.
80. Di Chiara G., Tanda G., Carboni E. Estimation of in-vivo neurotransmitter release by brain microdialysis: the issue of validity. Behav. Pharmacol. 1996, 7:640-657.
81. Di Chiara G., Acquas E., Tanda G. Ethanol as a neurochemical surrogate of conventional reinforcers: the dopamine-opioid link. Alcohol 1996, 13(1):13-17.
82. Di Chiara G. Nucleus accumbens shell and core dopamine: differential role in behavior and addiction. Behav. Brain Res. 2002, 137:75-114.
83. Drake S.L., Lopetcharat K., Drake M.A. Comparison of two methods to explore consumer preferences for cottage cheese. J. Dairy Sci. 2009, 92:5883-5897.
84. Draski L.J., Spuhler K.P., Erwin V.G., Baker R.C., Deitrich R.A. Selective breeding of rats differing in sensitivity to the effects of acute ethanol administration. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1992, 16:48-54.
85. Duncan M.W., Smythe G.A. Salsolinol and dopamine in alcoholic beverages. Lancet 1982, 1:904-906.
86. Enrico P., Sirca D., Mereu M., Peana A.T., Lintas A., Golosio A., Diana M. Acetaldehyde sequestering prevents ethanol-induced stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission. Drug Alcohol Dep. 2009, 100:265-271.
87. Eriksson K. Ethyl alcohol consumption: valid measurement in albino rats. Science 1968, 161:76-77.
88. Eriksson C.J. Ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in rat strains genetically selected for their ethanol preference. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1973, 22:2283-2292.
89. Eriksson C.J. The aversive effect of acetaldehyde on alcohol drinking behavior in the rat. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1980, 4:107-111.
90. Eriksson C.J. The role of acetaldehyde in the actions of alcohol (update 2000). Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2001, 25(5 Suppl ISBRA):15S-32S.
91. Eriksson C.J., Sippel H.W. The distribution and metabolism of acetaldehyde in rats during ethanol oxidation-l. The distribution of acetaldehyde in liver, brain, blood and breath. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1977, 26:241-247.
92. Escarabajal M.D., Miquel M., Aragon C.M. A psychopharmacological study of the relationship between brain catalase activity and etanol-induced locomotor activity in mice. J. Stud. Alcohol 2000, 61:493-498.
93. Escarabajal M.D., Aragon C.M. Concurrent administration of diethyldithiocarbamate and 4-methylpyrazole enhances etanol-induced locomotor activity: the role of the brain ALDH. Psychopharmacology 2002, 160:339-343.
94. Escarabajal M.D., Aragon C.M. The effect of cyanamide and 4-methylpyrazole on the etanol-induced locomotor activity in mice. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2002, 72:389-395.
95. Escarabajal M.D., Aragon C.M. DDTC, a metabolite of disulfiram, reduces the stimulating effect on ethanol's locomotor activity in mice. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 2003, 37:113-119.
96. Escarabajal M.D., De Witte P., Quertemont E. Role of acetaldehyde in ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion in rats. Psychopharmacology 2003, 167:130-136.
97. Escrig M.A., Pardo M., Aragon C.M., Correa M. Anxiogenic effects in mice of peripheral acetaldehyde accumulation. Behav. Pharmacol. 2007, 18:S77.
98. Eysseric H., Gonthier B., Soubeyran A., Bessard G., Saxord R., Barret L. Characterization of the production of acetaldehyde by astrocytes in culture after ethanol exposure. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1997, 21:1018-1023.
99. Feng X.M., Larsen T.O., Schnurer J. Production of volatile compounds by Rhizopus oligosporus during soybean and barley tempeh fermentation. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 2007, 113:133-141.
100. Finley J.C., Lindström P., Petrusz P. Immunocytochemical localization of beta-endorphin-containing neurons in the rat brain. Neuroendocrinology 1981, 33:28-42.
101. Foddai M., Dosia G., Spiga S., Diana M. Acetaldehyde increases dopaminergic neuronal activity in the VTA. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29:530-536.
102. Font L., Miquel M., Aragon C.M. Prevention of ethanol induced behavioral stimulation by d-penicillamine: a sequestration agent for acetaldehyde. Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res. 2005, 29:1156-1164.
103. Font L., Aragon C.M., Miquel M. Voluntary ethanol consumption decreases after the inactivation of central acetaldehyde by d-penicillamine. Behav. Brain Res. 2006, 171:78-86.
104. Ford C.P., Mark G.P., Williams J.T. Properties and opioid inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine neurons vary according to target location. J. Neurosci. 2006, 26:2788-2797.
105. Forn-Frías C., Sanchis-Segura C. The possible role of acetaldehyde in the brain damage caused by the chronic consumption of alcohol. Rev. Neurol. 2003, 37:485-493.
106. Freundt K.J. Turnover of ethanol metabolites in the rabbit and dog. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 1968, 260:114-115.
107. Galter D., Carmine A., Buervenich S., Duester G., Olson L. Distribution of class I, III and IV alcohol dehydrogenase mRNAs in the adult rat, mouse and human brain. Eur. J. Biochem. 2003, 270(6):1316-1326.
108. Garver E., Ross A.D., Tu G.C., Cao Q.N., Zhou F., Israel Y. Paradigm to test a drug-induced aversion to ethanol. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000, 35:435-438.
109. Garver E., Tu G.C., Cao Q.N., Aini M., Zhou F., Israel Y. Eliciting the low-activity aldehyde dehydrogenase Asian phenotype by an antisense mechanism results in an aversion to ethanol. J. Exp. Med. 2001, 194:571-580.
110. Gatto G.J., McBride W.J., Murphy J.M., Lumeng L., Li T.K. Ethanol self-infusion into the ventral tegmental area by alcohol-preferring rats. Alcohol 1994, 11:557-564.
111. Gaval-Cruz M., Weinshenker D. Mechanisms of disulfiram-induced cocaine abstinence: antabuse and cocaine relapse. Mol. Interv. 2009, 9:175-187.
112. Gerdjikov T.V., Ross G.M., Beninger R.J. Place preference induced by nucleus accumbens amphetamine is impaired by antagonists of ERK or p38 MAP kinases in rats. Behav. Neurosci. 2004, 118:740-750.
113. Gessa G.L., Muntoni F., Vargiu L., Mereu G. Low doses of ethanol activate dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. Brain Res. 1985, 348:201-203.
114. Gianoulakis C. Characterization of the effects of acute ethanol administration on the release of beta-endorphin peptides by the rat hypothalamus. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1990, 180:21-29.
115. Gianoulakis C. Endogenous opioids and addiction to alcohol and other drugs of abuse. Curr. Top. Med. Chem. 2009, 9:999-1015.
116. Gill K., Menez J.F., Lucas D., Deitrich R.A. Enzymatic production of acetaldehyde from ethanol in rat brain tissue. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1992, 16:910-915.
117. Gill K., Amit Z., Smith B.R. The regulation of alcohol consumption in rats: the role of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes-catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase. Alcohol 1996, 13:347-353.
118. Gill K., Liu Y., Deitrich R.A. Voluntary alcohol consumption in BXD recombinant inbred mice: relationship to alcohol metabolism. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1996, 20:185-190.
119. Giovine A., Renis M., Bertolino A. In vivo and in vitro studies on the effect of tetrahydropapaveroline and salsolinol on MAO and COMPT activity in rat brain. Pharmacology 1976, 14:86-94.
120. Girault J.A., Valjent E., Caboche J., Herve D. ERK2: a logical AND gate critical for drug-induced plasticity?. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2007, 7:77-85.
121. Hahn C.Y., Huang S.Y., Ko H.C., Hsieh C.H., Lee I.H., Yeh T.L., Yang Y.K., Lee J.F., Lin W.W., Lu R.B. Acetaldehyde involvement in positive and negative alcohol expectancies in han Chinese persons with alcoholism. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2006, 63:817-823.
122. Halushka P.V., Hoffman P.C. Alcohol addiction and tetrahydropapaveroline. Science 1970, 169:1104-1105.
123. Hamby-Mason R., Chen J.J., Schenker S., Perez A., Henderson Gl. Catalase mediates acetaldehyde formation from ethanol in fetal and neonatal rat brain. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1997, 21:1063-1072.
124. Hayashi S., Watanabe J., Kawajiri K. Genetic polymorphisms in the 5'-flanking region change transcriptional regulation of the human cytochrome P4502E1 gene. J. Biochem. 1991, 110:559-565.
125. Heap L., Ward R.J., Abiaka C., Dexter D., Lawlor M., Pratt O., Thomson A., Shaw K., Peters T.J. The influence of brain acetaldehyde on oxidative status, dopamine metabolism and visual discrimination task. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1995, 50:263-270.
126. Heimer L., de Olmos J., Alheid G.F., Záborszky L. 'Perestroika" in the basal forebrain: opening the border between neurology and psychiatry. Prog. Brain Res. 1991, 87:109-165.
127. Herz A. Endogenous opioid systems and alcohol addiction. Psychopharmacology 1997, 129:99-111.
128. Hiltunen A.J., Järbe T.U. Effects of Ro 15-4513, alone or in combination with ethanol, Ro 15-1788, diazepam, and pentobarbital on instrumental behaviors of rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1988, 31:597-603.
129. Hipólito L., Sánchez M.J., Polache A., Granero L. Brain metabolism of ethanol and alcoholism: an update. Curr. Drug Metabol. 2007, 8:716-727.
130. Hipólito L., Sánchez-Catalán M.J., Zanolini I., Polache A., Granero L. Shell/core differences in mu- and delta-opioid receptor modulation of dopamine efflux in nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 2008, 55:183-189.
131. Hipólito L., Sánchez-Catalán M.J., Zornoza T., Polache A., Granero L. Local salsolinol modulates dopamine extracellular levels from rat nucleus accumbens: shell/core differences. Neurochem. Int. 2009, 55:187-192.
132. Hipólito L., Sánchez-Catalán M.J., Granero L., Polache A. Locomotor stimulant effects of acute and repeated intrategmental injections of salsolinol in rats: role of mu-opioid receptors. Psychopharmacology 2010, 209:1-11.
133. Hobara N., Watanabe A., Kobayashi M., Nakatsukosa H., Nagashima H., Fukuda T., Araki Y. Tissue distribution of acetaldehyde in rats following acetaldehyde inhalation and intragastric ethanol administration. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1985, 35:393-396.
134. Hoffmann D., Djordjevic M.V., Hoffmann I. The changing cigarette. Preventive Med. 1997, 26:427-434.
135. Hoffmann D. The less harmful cigarette: a controversial issue. A tribute to Ernst L. Wynder. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2001, 14:767-790.
136. Holtzman S.G., Schneider F.H. Comparison of acetaldehyde and ethanol: depression of motor activity in mice. Life Sci. 1974, 14:1243-1250.
137. Hoover D.J., Brien J.F. Acetaldehyde concentration in rat blood and brain during the calcium carbimide-ethanol interaction. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1981, 59:65-70.
138. Howard E.C., Schier C.J., Wetzel J.S., Duvachelle C.L., Gonzales R.A. The shell of the nucleus accumbens has a higher dopamine response compared with the core after non-contingent intravenous ethanol administration. Neuroscience 2008, 154:1042-1053.
139. Hung H.C., Lee E.H. MPTP produces differential oxidative stress and antioxidative responses in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1998, 24:76-84.
140. Hunt W.A., Rabin B.M., Lee J. Ethanol-induced taste aversions: lack of involvement of acetaldehyde and the area postrema. Alcohol 1987, 4(3):169-173.
141. Hunt W.A. Role of acetaldehyde in the actions of ethanol on the brain-a review. Alcohol 1996, 13:147-151.
142. Ibba F., Vinci S., Spiga S., Peana A.T., Assaretti A.R., Spina L., Longoni R., Acquas E. Ethanol-induced extracellular signal regulated kinase: role of dopamine D1 receptors. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2009, 33:858-867.
143. Isse T., Oyama T., Kitagawa K., Matsuno K., Matsumoto A., Yoshida A., Nakayama K., Nakayama K., Kawamoto T. Diminished alcohol preference in transgenic mice lacking aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Pharmacogenetics 2002, 12:621-626.
144. Isse T., Matsuno K., Oyama T., Kitagawa K., Kawamoto T. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene targeting mouse lacking enzyme activity shows high acetaldehyde level in blood, brain, and liver after ethanol gavages. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2005, 29:1959-1964.
145. Jamal M., Ameno K., Kubota T., Ameno S., Zhang X., Kumihashi M., Ijiri I. In vivo formation of salsolinol induced by high acetaldehyde concentration in rat striatum employing microdialysis. Alcohol Alcohol 2003, 38:197-201.
146. Jamal M., Ameno K., Ameno S., Okada N., Ijiri I. In vivo study of salsolinol produced by a high concentration of acetaldehyde in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of free-moving rats. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2003, 27(8 Suppl.):79S-84S.
147. Jamal M., Ameno K., Kumihashi M., Ameno S., Kubota T., Wang W., Ijiri I. Microdialysis for the determination of acetaldehyde and ethanol concentrations in the striatum of freely moving rats. J. Chromatogr. B: Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2003, 798:155-158.
148. Jamal M., Ameno K., Uekita I., Kumihashi M., Wang W., Ijiri I. Catalase mediates acetaldehyde formation in the striatum of free moving rats. Neurotoxicology 2007, 28:1245-1248.
149. Johnsen J., Stowell A., Mørland J. Clinical responses in relation to blood acetaldehyde levels. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1992, 70:41-45.
150. Karahanian E., Quintanilla M.E., Tampier L., Rivera-Meza M., Bustamante D., Gonzalez-Lira V., Morales P., Herrera-Marschitz M., Israel Y. Ethanol as a prodrug: brain metabolism of ethanol mediates its reinforcing effects. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2011, 35:606-612.
151. Karavalakis G., Stournas S., Bakeas E. Light vehicle regulated and unregulated emissions from different biodiesels. Sci. Total Environ. 2009, 407:3338-3346.
152. Kashkin V.A., De Witte P. Ethanol but not acetaldehyde induced changes in brain taurine: a microdialysis study. Amino Acids 2004, 26:117-124.
153. Kera Y., Kiriyama T., Komura S. Conjugation of acetaldehyde with cysteinylglycine, the first metabolite in glutathione breakdown by gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase. Agents Actions 1985, 17:48-52.
154. Keung W.M., Lazo O., Kunze L., Vallee B.L. Daidzin suppresses ethanol consumption by Syrian golden hamsters without blocking acetaldehyde metabolism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1995, 92:8990-8993.
155. Khatchaturian H., Lewis M.E., Schäfer M.K., Watson S.J. Anatomy of CNS opioid systems. Trends Neurosci. 1985, 8:111-119.
156. Kiessling K.H. The occurrence of acetaldehyde in various parts of rat brain after alcohol injection, and its effect on pyruvate oxidation. Exp. Cell Res. 1962, 27:367-368.
157. Kiianmaa K., Hoffman P.L., Tabakoff B. Antagonis, of the behavioral effects of ethanol by naltrexona in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 mice. Psuchopharmacology 1983, 79:291-294.
158. Kim Y.M., Kim M.N., Lee J.J., Lee M.K. Inhibition of dopamine biosynthesis by tetrahydropapaveroline. Neurosci. Lett. 2005, 386:1-4.
159. Kim A.K., Souza-Formigoni M.L. Disulfiram impairs the development of behavioural sensitization to the stimulant effect of ethanol. Behav. Brain Res. 2010, 207:441-446.
160. Kim J.K., Yoon J.S. The role of acetaldehyde in human psychomotor function: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Biol. Psychiatry 2010, 67:840-845.
161. Kinoshita H., Jessop D.S., Roberts D.J., Ameno K., Ijiri I., Hishida S., Harbuz M.S. Effects of acetaldehyde on c-fos mRNA induction in the paraventricular nucleus following ethanol administration. Alcohol Alcohol. 2002, 37:432-435.
162. Knapp D.J., Braun C.J., Duncan G.E., Qian Y., Fernandes A., Crews F.T., Breese G.R. Regional specificity of ethanol and NMDA action in brain revealed with FOS-like immunohistochemistry and differential routes of drug administration. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2001, 25:1662-1672.
163. Koechling U.M., Amit Z. Relationship between blood catalase activity and drinking history in a human population, a possible biological marker of the affinity to consume alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol. 1992, 27:181-188.
164. Koechling U.M., Amit Z. Effects of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on brain catalase in the mediation of ethanol consumption in mice. Alcohol 1994, 11:235-239.
165. Koechling U.M., Amit Z., Negrete J.C. Family history of alcoholism and the mediation of alcohol intake by catalase: further evidence for catalase as a marker of the propensity to ingest alcohol. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1995, 19:1096-1104.
166. Koivisto T., Carr L.G., Li T.K., Eriksson C.J. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) polymorphism in AA and ANA rats: lack of genotype and phenotype line differences. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1993, 45:215-220.
167. Koivisto T., Eriksson C.J. Hepatic aldehyde and alcohol dehydrogenases in alcohol-preferring and alcohol-avoiding rat lines. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1994, 48:1551-1558.
168. Konovko O.O., Morozov Y.E., Kalinichenko S.G., Dyuzen I.V., Motavkin P.A. Induction of NO-synthase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase in neurons of human cerebellar cortex during chronic alcohol intoxication. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 2004, 137:211-214.
169. Kunin D., Latendresse M.W., Gaskin S., Smith B.R., Amit Z. Preexposure effects of nicotine and acetaldehyde on conditioned taste aversion induced by both drugs. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2000, 66:695-699.
170. Lahti R.A., Majchrowicz E. The effects of acetaldehyde on serotonin metabolism. Life Sci. 1967, 6:1399-1406.
171. Lahti R.A., Majchrowicz E. Acetaldehyde-an inhibitor of the enzymatic oxidation of 5- hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1969, 18:535-538.
172. Lieber C.S. The discovery of the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and its physiologic and pathologic role. Drug Metab. Rev. 2004, 36:511-529.
173. Liu J.Q., Nagata S., Dairi T., Misono H., Shimuzu S., Yamada H. The GLYl gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a low-specific l-threonine aldolase that catalyzes cleavage of l-allo-threonine and l-threonine to glycine. Expression of the gene in Escherichia coli and purification and characterization of the enzyme. Eur. J. Biochem. 1997, 245:289-293.
174. Lucchi L., Bosio A., Spano P.F., Trabucchi M. Action of ethanol and salsolinol on opiate receptor function. Brain Res. 1982, 232:506-510.
175. Luo X., Kranzler H.R., Zuo L., Wang S., Schork N.J., Gelernter J. Diplotype trend regression analysis of the ADH gene cluster and the ALDH2 gene: multiple significant associations with alcohol dependence. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2006, 78:973-987.
176. Manrique H.M., Miquel M., Aragon C.M. Acute administration of 3-nitropropionic acid, a reactive oxygen species generator, boosts ethanol-induced locomotor stimulation. New support for the role of brain catalase in the behavioural effects of ethanol. Neuropharmacology 2006, 51:1137-1145.
177. Marchitti S.A., Deitrich R.A., Vasiliou V. Neurotoxicity and metabolism of the catecholamine-derived 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde: the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Pharmacol. Rev. 2007, 59:125-150.
178. Marinelli P.W., Quirion R., Gianoulakis C. An in vivo profile of beta-endorphin release in the arcuate nucleus and nucleus accumbens following exposure to stress or alcohol. Neuroscience 2004, 127:777-784.
179. Martí-Prats L., Sánchez-Catalán M.J., Hipólito L., Orrico A., Zornoza T., Polache A., Granero L. Systemic administration of d-penicillamine prevents the locomotor activation after intra-VTA ethanol administration in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 2010, 483:143-147.
180. Maruyama W., Nakahara D., Ota M., Takahashi T., Takahashi A., Nagatsu T., Naoi M. N-methylation of dopamine-derived 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline, (R)-salsolinol, in rat brains: in vivo microdialysis study. J. Neurochem. 1992, 59:395-400.
181. Matsuzawa S., Suzuki T., Miwasa M. Involvement of μ-opioid receptor in the salsolinol-associated place preference in rats exposed to conditioned fear stress. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2000, 24:366-372.
182. McBride W.J., Li T.K., Deitrich R.A., Zimatkin S., Smith B.R., Rodd-Henricks Z.A. Involvement of acetaldehyde in alcohol addiction. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2002, 26:114-119.
183. McCoy J.G., Strawbridge C., McMurtrey K.D., Kane V.B., Ward C.P. A re-evaluation of the role of tetrahydropapaveroline in ethanol consumption in rats. Brain Res. Bull. 2003, 60:59-65.
184. McLaughlin P.J., Chuck T.L., Arizzi-LaFrance M.N., Salamone J.D., Correa M. Central vs. peripheral administration of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate in rats: effects on lever pressing and response initiation. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2008, 89:304-313.
185. Melis M., Enrico P., Peana A.T., Diana M. Acetaldehyde mediates alcohol activation of the mesolimbic dopamine system. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2007, 26:2824-2833.
186. Michaelis R.C., Holloway F.A., Bird D.C., Huerta P.L. Interactions between stimulants: effects on DRL performance and lethality in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1987, 27:299-306.
187. Miksys S., Tyndale R.F. The unique regulation of brain cytochrome P450 2 (CYP2) family enzymes by drugs and genetics. Drug Metab. Rev. 2004, 36:313-333.
188. Miquel M., Font L., Sanchis-Segura C., Aragon C.M. Neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate prevents the development of ethanol- but not psychostimulant-induced sensitization: a putative role of the arcuate nucleus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2003, 17:2163-2170.
189. Miyake T., Shibamoto T. Quantitative analysis of acetaldehyde in foods and beverages. J. Agric. Food Chem. 1993, 41:1968-1970.
190. Montoliu C., Sancho, Tello M., Azorin I., Burgal M., Vallés S., Renau-Piqueras J., Guerri C. Ethanol increases cytochrome P4502E1 and induces oxidative stress in astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 1995, 65:2561-2570.
191. Moser A., Kompf D. Presence of methyl-6,7-dihydroxy- 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines, derivatives of the neurotoxin isoquinoline, in parkinsonian lumbar CSF. Life Sci. 1992, 50:1885-1891.
192. Moreno S., Mugnaini E., Cerù M.P. Immunocytochemical localization of catalase in the central nervous system of the rat. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 1995, 43:1253-1267.
193. Mulligan C.J., Robin R.W., Osier M.V., Sambuughin N., Goldfarb L.G., Kittles R.A., Hesselbrock D., Goldman D., Long J.C. Allelic variation at alcohol metabolism genes (ADH1B, ADH1C, ALDH2) and alcohol dependence in an American Indian population. Hum. Genet. 2003, 113:325-336.
194. Muñoz D., Peinado R.A., Medina M., Moreno J. Biological aging of sherry wines using pure cultures of two flour yeast strains under controlled microaeration. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53:5258-5264.
195. Myers W.D., Ng K.T., Singer G. Intravenous self-administration of acetaldehyde in the rat as a function of schedule, food deprivation and photoperiod. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1982, 17:807-811.
196. Myers W.D., McCaleb M.L., Ruwe W.D. Alcohol drinking induced in the monkey by tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) infused into the cerebral ventricle. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1982, 16:995-1000.
197. Myers W.D., Ng K.T., Marzuki S., Myers R.D., Singer G. Alteration of alcohol drinking in the rat by peripherally self-administered acetaldehyde. Alcohol 1984, 1:229-236.
198. Myers W.D., Ng K.T., Singer G. Effects of naloxone and buprenorphine on intravenous acetaldehyde self-injection in rats. Physiol. Behav. 1984, 33:449-455.
199. Myers W.D., Ng K.T., Singer G., Smythe G.A., Duncan M.W. Dopamine and salsolinol levels in rat hypothalami and striatum after schedule-induced self-injection (SISI) of ethanol and acetaldehyde. Brain Res. 1985, 358:122-128.
200. Myers W.D., Mackenzie L., Ng K.T., Singer G., Smythe G.A., Duncan M.W. Salsolinol and dopamine in rat medial basal hypothalamus after chronic ethanol exposure. Life Sci. 1985, 36:309-314.
201. Myers W.D., Gibson S., Ng K.T., Singer G. Sex differences in acetaldehyde on body temperature and open-field performance in the rat. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1987, 19:1-6.
202. Myers R.D. Anatomical " circuitry" in the brain mediating alcohol drinking revealed by THP-reactive sites in the limbic system. Alcohol 1990, 7:449-459.
203. Nagasawa H.T., Goon D.J., DeMaster E.G. 2,5,5-Trimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a D(-)-penicillamine-directed pseudometabolite of ethanol. Detoxication mechanism for acetaldehyde. J. Med. Chem. 1978, 21:1274-1279.
204. Nagasawa H.T., Elberling J.A., DeMaster E.G. Structural requirements for the sequestration of metabolically generated acetaldehyde. J. Med. Chem. 1980, 23:140-143.
205. Nakahara D., Maruyama W., Hashiguti H., Naoi M. Characterization of the in vivo action of (R)-salsolinol, an endogenous metabolite of alcohol, on serotonin and dopamine metabolism: a microdialysis study. Brain Res. 1994, 644:226-232.
206. Naoi M., Maruyama W., Dostert P., Kohda K., Kaiya T. A novel enzyme enantio-selectively synthesizes (R)salsolinol, a precursor of a dopaminergic neurotoxin, N-methyl(R)salsolinol. Neurosci. Lett. 1996, 212:183-186.
207. Naoi M., Maruyama W., Nagy G.M. Dopamine-derived salsolinol derivatives as endogenous monoamine oxidase inhibitors: occurrence, metabolism and function in human brains. Neurotoxicology 2004, 25:193-204.
208. Ng Cheong Ton J.M., Amit Z. Acetaldehyde and morphine interaction in the preexposure conditioned taste aversion paradigm in the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 1985, 61:131-134.
209. Nishiguchi M., Kinoshita H., Mostofa J., Taniguchi T., Ouchi H., Minami T., Hatake K., Utsumi T., Motomura H., Hishida S. Different blood acetaldehyde concentration following ethanol administration in a newly developed high alcohol preference and low alcohol preference rat model system. Alcohol Alcohol 2002, 37:9-12.
210. Nizhnikov M.E., Molina J.C., Spear N.E. Central reinforcing effects of ethanol are blocked by catalase inhibition. Alcohol 2007, 41:525-534.
211. Ocaranza P., Quintanilla M.E., Tampier L., Karahanian E., Sapag A., Israel Y. Gene therapy reduces ethanol intake in an animal model of alcohol dependence. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2008, 32:52-57.
212. Ogilvie K.M., Lee S., Rivier C. Divergence in the expression of molecular markers of neuronal activation in the parvocellular paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus evoked by alcohol administration via different routes. J. Neurosci. 1998, 18:4344-4352.
213. Osborne J.P., Mira de Ordugna R., Pilone G.J., Liu S.Q. Acetaldehyde metabolism by wine lactic acid bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 2000, 191:51-55.
214. Oyama T., Isse T., Kagawa N., Kinaga T., Kim Y.D., Morita M., Sugio K., Weiner H., Yasumoto K., Kawamoto T. Tissue-distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and effects of the ALDH2 gene-disruption on the expression of enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism. Front. Biosci. 2005, 10:951-960.
215. Padilla-de la Torre M., Franco-Pérez J., Santamaría A., Galvan S., González E., Paz C. Effect of acetaldehyde on behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by MK-801 in rats. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2008, 1139:259-267.
216. Parker L.A. Rewarding drugs produce taste avoidance, but not taste aversion. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1995, 19:143-157.
217. Parker L.A., Carvell T. Orofacial and somatic responses elicited by lithium-, nicotine- and amphetamine-paired sucrose solution. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1986, 24:883-887.
218. 2 rate of production. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2002, 165:51-59.
219. Pastor R., Aragon C.M. Ethanol injected into the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus induces behavioral stimulation in rats: an effect prevented by catalase inhibition and naltrexone. Behav. Pharmacol. 2008, 19:698-705.
220. Pastorcic M., Boyadjieva N., Sarkar D.K. Comparison of the effects of alcohol and acetaldehyde on proopiomelanocortin mRNA levels and beta-endorphin secretion from hypothalamic neurons in primary cultures. Mol. Cell Neurosci. 1994, 5:580-586.
221. Pautassi R.M., Nizhnikov M.E., Spear N.E. Ethanol-mediated appetitive conditioning in infant rats, but not corticosterone release, is dependent on route of ethanol administration. Dev. Psychobiol. 2011, doi: 10.1002/dev.20567 [Epub ahead of print].
222. Peachey J.E., Zilm D.H., Robinson G.M., Jacob M., Cappell H. A placebo-controlled double-blind comparative clinical study of the disulfiram- and calcium carbimide-acetaldehyde mediated ethanol reactions in social drinkers. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1983, 7:180-187.
223. Peana A.T., Enrico P., Assaretti A.R., Pulighe E., Muggironi G., Nieddu M., Piga A., Lintas A., Diana M. Key role of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde in the motivational properties induced by intragastric ethanol: a conditioned place preference study in the rat. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2008, 32:249-258.
224. Peana A.T., Assaretti A.R., Muggironi G., Enrico P., Diana M. Reduction of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde induced motivational properties by l-cysteine. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2009, 33:43-48.
225. Peana A.T., Muggironi G., Calvisi G., Enrico P., Mereu M., Nieddu M., Boatto G., Diana M. l-Cysteine reduces oral ethanol self-administration and reinstatement of ethanol-drinking behavior in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2010, 94:431-437.
226. Peana A.T., Muggironi G., Diana M. Acetaldehyde-reinforcing effects; a study on oral self-administration behavior. Front. Psychiatry Add. Disorders 2010, 1(23):1-6.
227. Peana, A.T., Muggironi, G., Fois, G.R., Zinellu, M., Vinci, S., Acquas, E., 2011. Effect of opioid receptor blockade on acetaldehyde self-administration and erk phosphorylation in the rat nucleus accumbens. Alcohol, , in press. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2011.06.003.
228. Peng G.S., Yin J.H., Wang M.F., Lee J.T., Hsu Y.D., Yin S.J. Alcohol sensitivity in Taiwanese men with different alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 2002, 101:769-774.
229. Peng G.S., Chen Y.C., Tsao T.P., Wang M.F., Yin S.J. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic basis for partial protection against alcoholism in Asians, heterozygous for the variant ALDH2*2 gene allele. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 2007, 17:845-855.
230. Petrov E.S., Varlinskaya E.I., Smotherman W.P. The newborn rat ingests fluids through a surrogate nipple: a new technique for the study of early suckling behavior. Physiol. Behav. 1997, 62:1155-1158.
231. Pontieri F.E., Tanda G., Di Chiara G. Intravenous cocaine, morphine, and amphetamine preferentially increase extracellular dopamine in the " shell" as compared with the " core" of the rat nucleus accumbens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1995, 92:12304-12308.
232. Poso A.R., Hillbom M.E., Eriksson L. Acetaldehyde penetrates the blood-liquor barrier of goats. Toxicol. Lett. 1981, 8:57-62.
233. Privette T.H., Myers R.D. Anatomical mapping of tetrahydropapaveroline-reactive sites in brain mediating suppression of alcohol drinking in the rat. Brain Res. Bull. 1989, 22:1039-1048.
234. Quertemont E., De Witte P. Conditioned stimulus preference after acetaldehyde but not ethanol injections. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2001, 68:449-454.
235. Quertemont E., Grant K.A. Role of acetaldehyde in the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2002, 26:812-817.
236. Quertemont E., Escarabajal M.D., De Witte P. Role of catalase in ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion: a study with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003, 70:77-83.
237. Quertemont E. Genetic polymorphism in ethanol metabolism: acetaldehyde contribution to alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Mol. Psychiatry 2004, 9:570-581.
238. Quertemont E., Tambour S. Is ethanol a pro-drug? The role of acetaldehyde in the central effects of ethanol. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2004, 25:130-134.
239. Quertemont E., Tambour S., Bernaerts P., Zimatkin S.M., Tirelli E. Behavioral characterization of acetaldehyde in C57BL/6J mice: locomotor, hypnotic, anxiolytic and amnesic effects. Psychopharmacology 2004, 177:84-92.
240. Quertemont E., Tambour S., Tirelli E. The role of acetaldehyde in the neurobiavioral effects of ethanol: a comprehensive review of animal studies. Progress Neurobiol. 2005, 75:247-274.
241. Quertemont E., Didone V. Role of acetaldehyde in mediating the pharmacological and behavioral effects of alcohol. Alcohol Res. Health. 2006, 29(4):258-265.
242. Quintanilla M.E., Tampier L. Acetaldehyde-reinforcing effects: differences in low-alcohol-drinking (UChA) and high-alcohol-drinking (UChB) rats. Alcohol 2003, 31:63-69.
243. Quintanilla M.E., Callejas O., Tampier L. Differences in sensitivity to the aversive effects of ethanol in low-alcohol drinking (UChA) and high-alcohol drinking (UChB) rats. Alcohol 2001, 23:177-182.
244. Quintanilla M.E., Callejas O., Tampier L. Aversion to acetaldehyde: differences in low-alcohol-drinking (UChA) and high-alcohol-drinking (UChB) rats. Alcohol 2002, 26:69-74.
245. Quintanilla M.E., Tampier L. Acetaldehyde-reinforcing effects: differences in low-alcohol-drinking (UChA) and high-alcohol-drinking (UChB) rats. Alcohol 2003, 31:63.
246. Quintanilla M.E., Tampier L., Sapag A., Israel Y. Polymorphisms in the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (Aldh2) determine peak blood acetaldehyde levels and voluntary ethanol consumption in rats. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 2005, 15:427-431.
247. Quintanilla M.E., Tampier L., Sapag A., Gerdtzen Z., Israel Y. Sex differences, alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde burst, and aversion to ethanol in the rat: a systems perspective. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 2007, 293:E531-E537.
248. Randall P.A., Nunes E.J., Janniere S.L., Stopper C.M., Farrar A.M., Sager T.N., Hockemeyer J., Müller C.E., Salamone J.D. Rate-dependent stimulant effects of adenosine antagonists on operant behavior: differential actions of selective A2A and A1 antagonists. Psychopharmacology 2011, 216(2):173-186.
249. Reddy B.V., Sarkar D.K. Effect of alcohol, acetaldehyde, and salsolinol on beta-endorphin secretion from the hypothalamic neurons in primary cultures. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1993, 17:1261-1267.
250. Reddy B.V., Boyadjieva N., Sarkar D.K. Effect of ethanol, propanol, butanol, and catalase enzyme blockers on beta-endorphin secretion from primary cultures of hypothalamic neurons: evidence for a mediatory role of acetaldehyde in ethanol stimulation of beta-endorphin release. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1995, 19:339-344.
251. Redila V.A., Smith B.R., Amit Z. The effects of aminotriazole and acetaldehyde on an ethanol drug discrimination with a conditioned taste aversion procedure. Alcohol 2000, 21:279-285.
252. Redila V.A., Aliatas E., Smith B.R., Amit Z. Effects of ethanol on an acetaldehyde drug discrimination with a conditioned taste aversion procedure. Alcohol 2002, 28:103-109.
253. Rintala J., Jaatinen P., Lu W., Sarviharju M., Eriksson C.J., Laippala P., Kiianmaa K., Hervonen A. Effects of lifelong ethanol consumption on cerebellar layer volumes in AA and ANA rats. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1997, 21:311-317.
254. Rintala J., Jaatinen P., Parkkila S., Sarviharju M., Kiianmaa K., Hervonen A., Niemelä O. Evidence of acetaldehyde-protein adduct formation in rat brain after lifelong consumption of ethanol. Alcohol Alcohol. 2000, 35:458-463.
255. Rivera-Meza M., Quintanilla M.E., Tampier L., Mura C.V., Sapag A., Israel Y. Mechanism of protection against alcoholism by an alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism: development of an animal model. FASEB J. 2010, 24:266-274.
256. Robinson T.E., Berridge K.C. Incentive-sensitization and addiction. Addiction 2001, 96:103-114.
257. Rodd Z.A., Bell R.L., Zhang Y., Goldstein A., Zaffaroni A., McBride W.J., Li T.K. Salsolinol produces reinforcing effects in the nucleus accumbens shell of alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2003, 27:440-449.
258. Rodd Z.A., Bell R.L., Zhang Y., Murphy J.M., Goldstein A., Zaffaroni A., Li T.K., McBride W.J. Regional heterogeneity for the intracranial self-administration of ethanol and acetaldehyde within the ventral tegmental area of alcohol-preferring (P) rats: involvement of dopamine and serotonin. Neuropsychopharmacology 2005, 30:330-338.
259. Rodd Z.A., Oster S.M., Ding Z.M., Toalston J.E., Deehan G., Bell R.L., Li T.K., McBride W.J. The reinforcing properties of salsolinol in the ventral tegmental area: evidence for regional heterogeneity and the involvement of serotonin and dopamine. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2008, 32:230-239.
260. Rodd-Henricks Z.A., Melendez R.I., Zaffaroni A., Goldstein A., McBride W.J., Li T.K. The reinforcing effects of acetaldehyde in the posterior ventral tegmental area of alcohol-preferring rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 2002, 72:55-64.
261. Rotzinger S., Smith B.R., Amit Z. Catalase inhibition attenuates the acquisition of ethanol and saccharin-quinine consumption in laboratory rats. Behav. Pharmacol. 1994, 5:203-209.
262. Rydberg U., Neri A. 4-Methylpyrazol as an inhibitor of ethanol metabolism: differential metabolic and central nervous effects. Acta Pharmacol. Toxicol. 1972, 31:421-432.
263. Sällström Baum S., Hill R., Kiianmaa K., Rommelspacher H. Effect of ethanol on (R)- and (S)-salsolinol, salsoline, and THP in the nucleus accumbens of AA and ANA rats. Alcohol 1999, 18:165-169.
264. Salzmann J., Marie-Claire C., Le Guen S., Roques B.P., Noble F. Importance of ERK activation in behavioral and biochemical effects induced by MDMA in mice. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2003, 140:831-840.
265. Sanchez-Catalan M.J., Hipólito L., Guerri C., Granero L., Polache A. Distribution and differentia induction of CYP2E1 by etanol and acetone in the mesocorticolimbic system of rat. Alcohol Alcohol. 2008, 43:401-407.
266. Sanchez-Catalan M.J., Hipólito L., Zornoza T., Polache A., Granero L. Motor stimulant effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde injected into the posterior ventral tegmental area of rats: role of opioid receptors. Psychopharmacology 2009, 204:641-653.
267. Sanchis-Segura C., Miquel M., Correa M., Aragon C.M. The catalase inhibitor sodium azide reduces ethanol-induced locomotor activity. Alcohol 1999, 19:37-42.
268. Sanchis-Segura C., Miquel M., Correa M., Aragon C.M. Cyanamide reduces brain catalase and ethanol-induced locomotor activity: is there a functional link?. Psychopharmacology 1999, 144:83-89.
269. Sanchis-Segura C., Miquel M., Correa M., Aragon C.M. Daily injections of cyanamide enhance both ethanol-induced locomotion and brain catalase activity. Behav. Pharmacol. 1999, 10:459-465.
270. Sanchis-Segura C., Aragon C.M. Consequences of monosodium glutamate or goldthioglucose arcuate nucleus lesions on ethanol-induced locomotion. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002, 68:189-194.
271. Sanchis-Segura C., Correa M., Aragon C.M. Lession on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus by estradiol valerate results in a blockade of ethanol-induced locomotion. Behav. Brain Res. 2000, 114:57-63.
272. Sanchis-Segura C., Correa M., Miquel M., Aragon C.M. Catalase inhibition in the Arcuate nucleus blocks ethanol effects on the locomotor activity of rats. Neurosci. Lett. 2005, 376:66-70.
273. Sanchis-Segura C., Spanagel R. Behavioural assessment of drug reinforcement and addictive features in rodents: an overview. Addiction Biol. 2006, 11:2-38.
274. Sapag A., Tampier L., Valle-Prieto A., Quintanilla M.E., Moncada C., Israel Y. Mutations in mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) change cofactor affinity and segregate with voluntary alcohol consumption in rats. Pharmacogenetics 2003, 13:509-515.
275. Scheel-Kruger J., Magelud G., Olianas M.C. Role of GABA in the striatal output system: globus pallidus, nucleus entopeduncularis, substantia nigra and nucleus subthalamicus. Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 1981, 30:165-186.
276. Schlesinger K. Genetic and biochemical correlates of alcohol preference in mice. Am. J. Psychiatry 1966, 122:767-773.
277. Schlesinger K., Bennett E.L., Hebert M., McClearn G.E. Effects of alcohol consumption on the activity of liver enzymes in C57BL/Crgl mice. Nature 1966, 209:488-489.
278. Schuetzle D., Siegl W.O., Jensen T.E., Dearth M.A., Kaiser E.W., Gorse R., Kreucher W., Kulik E. The relationship between gasoline composition and vehicle hydrocarbon emissions: a review of current studies and future research needs. Environ. Health Perspect. 1994, 102:3-12.
279. Seeman J.I., Dixon M., Haussmann H.J. Acetaldehyde in mainstream tobacco smoke: formation and occurence in smoke and bioavavilability in the smoker. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2002, 15:1331-1350.
280. Segovia K.N., Vontel R., Sink K., Salamone J.D., Correa M. Cellular activation as measured by c-FOS immunoreactivity after central and peripheral administration of ethanol and acetaldehyde. Behav. Pharmacol. 2009, 20:S25.
281. Serrano E., Pozo O.J., Beltrán J., Hernández F., Font L., Miquel M., Aragon C.M. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of (4S,2RS)-2,5,5-trimethylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a stable adduct formed between D-(-)-penicillamine and acetaldehyde (main biological metabolite of ethanol), in plasma, liver and brain rat tissues. Rapid Commun. Mass. Spectrom. 2007, 21:1221-1229.
282. Sershen H., Shearman E., Fallon S., Chakraborty G., Smiley J., Lajtha A. The effects of acetaldehyde on nicotine-induced transmitter levels in young and adult brain areas. Brain Res. Bull. 2009, 79:458-462.
283. Shibuya A., Yasunami M., Yoshida A. Genotype of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase loci in Japanese alcohol flushers and nonflushers. Hum. Genet. 1989, 82:14-16.
284. Sinclair J.D., Lindros K.O. Suppression of alcohol drinking with brain aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1981, 14:377-383.
285. Sippel H.W. The acetaldehyde content in rat brain during ethanol metabolism. J. Neurochem. 1974, 23:451-452.
286. Sirca D., Enrico P., Mereu M., Peana A.T., Diana M. l-Cysteine prevents ethanol-induced stimulation of mesolimbic dopamine transmission. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2011, 35(5):1-8.
287. Smith A.A. Interaction of biogenic amines with ethanol. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 1975, 56:265-275.
288. Smith B.R., Brown Z.W., Amit Z. Chronic intraventricular administration of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids: lack of effect on voluntary ethanol consumption in the rat. Subst. Alcohol Actions Misuse 1980, 1:209-221.
289. Smith B.R., Amit Z., Splawinsky J. Conditioned place preference induced by intraventricular infusions of acetaldehyde. Alcohol 1984, 1:193-195.
290. Socaransky S.M., Aragon C.M., Amit Z., Blander A. Higher correlation of ethanol consumption with brain than liver aldehyde dehydrogenase in three strains of rats. Psychopharmacology 1984, 84:250-253.
291. Soukoulkis C., Panagiotidis P., Koureli R., Tzia C. Industrial yogurt manufacture: monitoring of fermentation process and improvement of final product quality. J. Dairy Sci. 2007, 90:2641-2654.
292. Spina L., Longoni R., Vinci S., Ibba F., Peana A.T., Muggironi G., Spiga S., Acquas E. Role of dopamine D1 receptors and extracellular signal regulated kinase in the motivational properties of acetaldehyde as assessed by place preference conditioning. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2010, 34:607-616.
293. Spivak K., Aragon C.M., Amit Z. Alterations in brain aldehyde dehydrogenase activity modify ethanol-induced conditioned taste aversion. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1987, 11:513-517.
294. Spivak K., Aragon C.M., Amit Z. Alterations in brain aldehyde dehydrogenase activity modify the locomotor effects produced by ethanol in rats. Alcohol Drug Res. 1987, 7:481-491.
295. Sullivan E.V., Marsh L., Mathalon D.H., Lim K.O., Pfefferbaum A. Anterior hippocampal volume deficits in nonamnesic, aging chronic alcoholics. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1995, 19:110-122.
296. Swartzwelder H.S. Altered responsiveness to alcohol after exposure to organic lead. Alcohol 1984, 1:181-183.
297. Tabakoff B., Anderson R.A., Ritzman R.F. Brain acetaldehyde after ethanol administration. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1976, 25:1305-1309.
298. Takayama S., Uyeno E.T. Intravenous self-administration of ethanol and acetaldehyde by rats. Yakubutsu Seishin Kodo 1985, 5:329-334.
299. Talhout R., Opperhuizen A., van Amsterdam J.G. Role of acetaldehyde in tobacco smoke addiction. Eur. Neuropsyhopharmacol. 2007, 17:627-636.
300. Tambour S., Didone V., Tirelli E., Quertemont E. Dissociation between the locomotor and anxiolytic effects of acetaldehyde in the elevated plus-maze: evidence that acetaldehyde is not involved in the anxiolytic effects of ethanol in mice. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005, 15:655-662.
301. Tambour S., Didone V., Tirelli E., Quertemont E. Tam Locomotor effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde after peripheral and intraventricular injections in Swiss and C57BL/6J mice. Behav. Brain Res. 2006, 172:145-154.
302. Tambour S., Quertemont E. Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of alcohol dependence. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 2007, 21(1):9-28.
303. Tampier L., Quintanilla M.E., Mardones J. Acetaldehyde metabolism: differences between UChA and UChB rats. Alcohol Alcohol. 1994, 29:751-755.
304. Tampier L., Quintanilla M.E. Effects of acetaldehyde on acute tolerance and ethanol consumption in drinker and non drinker rats. J. Stud. Alcohol 2002, 63:257-262.
305. Tampier L., Quintanilla M.E., Israel Y. Tolerance to disulfiram induced by chronic alcohol intake in the rat. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2008, 32:937-941.
306. Tardif R. The determination of acetaldehyde in exhaled breath. Novartis Found Symp. 285, 125-136. Acetaldehyde-related Pathology: Bridging the Trans-disciplinary Divide 2007, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester PO19 8SQ, UK.
307. Terelius Y., Norsten-Höög C., Cronholm T., Ingelman-Sundberg M. Acetaldehyde as a substrate for ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991, 179:689-694.
308. Thiele T.E., Cubero I., van Dijk G., Mediavilla C., Bernstein I.L. Ethanol-induced c-fos expression in catecholamine- and neuropeptide Y-producing neurons in rat brainstem. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2000, 24:802-809.
309. Thomasson H.R., Edenberg H.J., Crabb D.W., Mai X.L., Jerome R.E., Li T.K., Wang S.P., Lin Y.T., Lu R.B., Yin S.J. Alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes and alcoholism in Chinese men. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1991, 48:677-681.
310. Thor D.H., Holloway W.R. Anosmia and play fighting behavior in prepubescent male and female rats. Physiol. Behav. 1982, 29:281-285.
311. Tindberg N., Ingelman-Sundberg M. Expression, catalytic activity, and inducibility of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) in the rat central nervous system. J. Neurochem. 1996, 67:2066-2073.
312. Trevitt J.T., Carlson B.B., Nowend K., Salamone J.D. Substantia nigra pars reticulata is a highly potent site of action for the behavioral effects of the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 in the rat. Psychopharmacology 2001, 156:32-41.
313. Trevitt T., Carlson B., Correa M., Keene A., Morales M., Salamone J.D. Interactions between dopamine D1 receptors and gamma-aminobutyric acid mechanisms in substantia nigra pars reticulata of the rat: neurochemical and behavioral studies. Psychopharmacology 2002, 159:229-237.
314. Tu G.C., Israel Y. Alcohol consumption by orientals in North America is predicted largely by a single gene. Behav. Genet. 1995, 25:59-65.
315. Tzschentke T.M. Measuring reward with the conditioned place preference paradigm: a comprehensive review of drug effects, recent progress and new issues. Prog. Neurobiol. 1998, 56:613-672.
316. Ueno M., Akiguchi I., Hosokawa M., Kotani H., Kanenishi K., Sakamoto H. Blood-brain barrier permeability in the periventricular areas of the normal mouse brain. Acta Neuropathol. 2000, 99:385-392.
317. Ung-Chhun N., Cheng B.Y., Pronger D.A., Serrano P., Chavez B., Fernandez Perez R., Morales J., Collins M.A. Alkaloid adducts in human brain: coexistence of 1-carboxylated and noncarboxylated isoquinolines and beta-carbolines in alcoholics and nonalcoholics. Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. 1985, 183:125-136.
318. Upadhya S.C., Ravindranath V. Detection and localization of protein-acetaldehyde adducts in rat brain after chronic ethanol treatment. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2002, 26:856-863.
319. Vaglini F., Pardini C., Viaggi C., Bartoli C., Dinucci D., Corsini G.U. Involvement of cytochrome P450 2E1 in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. J. Neurochem. 2004, 91:285-298.
320. Valjent E., Corvol J.C., Pages C., Besson M.J., Maldonado R., Caboche J. Involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade for cocaine-rewarding properties. J. Neurosci. 2000, 20:8701-8709.
321. Valjent E., Pages C., Herve D., Girault J.A., Caboche J. Addictive and non-addictive drugs induce distinct and specific patterns of ERK activation in mouse brain. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2004, 19:1826-1836.
322. Vasiliou V., Ziegler T.L., Bludeau P., Petersen D.R., Gonzalez F.J., Deitrich R.A. CYP2E1 and catalase influence ethanol sensitivity in the central nervous system. Pharmacogenet. Genomics 2006, 16:51-58.
323. Vinci S., Ibba F., Longoni R., Spina L., Spiga S., Acquas E. Acetaldehyde elicits ERK phosphorylation in the rat nucleus accumbens and extended amygdala. Synapse 2010, 64:916-927.
324. Von Wartburg, J.P., 1987. International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC Working Paper No. 15/5. Acute aldehyde syndrome and chronic aldehydism. Mutat. Res. 186, 249-259.
325. Wall T.L., Thomasson H.R., Schuckit M.A., Ehlers C.L. Subjective feelings of alcohol intoxication in Asians with genetic variations of ALDH2 alleles. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1992, 16:991-995.
326. Walsh M.J., Truitt E.B., Davis V.E. Acetaldehyde mediation in the mechanism of ethanol-induced changes in norepinephrine metabolism. Mol. Pharmacol. 1970, 6:416-424.
327. Wang W., Ameno K., Jamal M., Kumihashi M., Uekita I., Ameno S., Ijiri I. Effect of direct infusion of acetaldehyde on dopamine and dopamine-derived salsolinol in the striatum of free-moving rats using a reverse microdialysis technique. Arch. Toxicol. 2007, 81:121-126.
328. Ward R.J., Colantuoni C., Dahchour A., Quertemont E., De Witte P. Acetaldehyde-induced changes in the monoamine and amino acid extracellular microdialysate content of the nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology 1997, 36:225-232.
329. Watanabe J., Hayashi S., Kawajiri K. Different regulation and expression of the human CYP2E1 gene due to the Rsa1 polymorphism in the 5'-flanking region. J. Biochem. 1994, 116:321-326.
330. Weinshenker D. Cocaine sobers up. Nat. Med. 2010, 16:969-970.
331. Wenger G.R., Dews P.B. The effects of phencyclidine, ketamine, delta-amphetamine and pentobarbital on schedule-controlled behavior in the mouse. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1976, 196:616-624.
332. Westcott J.Y., Weiner H., Shultz J., Myers R.D. In vivo acetaldehyde in the brain of the rat treated with ethanol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1980, 29:411-417.
333. Wilkins D., Schmidt R.H., Shireman R.B., Smith K.L., Jeseski J.J. Evaluating Acetaldehyde synthesis from L[14C(U)] Threonine by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. J. Dairy Sci. 1986, 69:1219-1224.
334. Yamanaka Y., Walsh M.J., Davis V.E. Salsolinol, an alkaloid derivative of dopamine formed in vitro during alcohol metabolism. Nature 1970, 227:1143-1144.
335. Yamazaki H., Nishiguchi K., Miyamoto R., Nakanishi S. Activity and electrophoretic profiles of brain aldehyde dehydrogenases in mice genetically selected for their ethanol preference. Int. J. Biochem. 1984, 16:247-252.
336. Yan Q.S. Extracellular dopamine and serotonin after ethanol monitored with 5-minute microdialysis. Alcohol 1999, 19:1-7.
337. Yao L., Fan P., Arolfo M., Jiang Z., Olive M.F., Zablocki J., Sun H.L., Chu S., Lee J., Kim H.Y., Leung K., Shryock J., Blackburn B., Diamond I. Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 suppresses cocaine seeking by generating THP, a cocaine use-dependent inhibitor of dopamine synthesis. Nat. Med. 2010, 16:1024-1029.
338. York J.L. The ethanol stimulus in rats with differing ethanol preferences. Psychopharmacology 1981, 74:339-343.
339. Yoshimoto K., McBride W.J., Lumeng L., Li T.K. Ethanol enhances the release of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens of HAD and LAD lines of rats. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1992, 16:781-785.
340. Yoshimoto K., Ueda S., Kato B., Takeuchi Y., Kawai Y., Noritake K., Yasuhara M. Alcohol enhances characteristic release of dopamine and serotonin in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Neurochem. Int. 2000, 37:369-376.
341. Zimatkin S., Lindros K.O. A histochemical study of the distribution of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in brain structures of rats with genetically different alcohol-related behaviour. Alcohol 1989, 6:321-325.
342. Zimatkin S.M. Histochemical study of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat CNS. J. Neurochem. 1991, 56:1-11.
343. Zimatkin S.M., Rout U.K., Koivusalo M., Bühler R., Lindros K.O. Regional distribution of low-Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in the rat central nervous system. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1992, 16:1162-1167.
344. Zimatkin S.M., Lindros K.O. Distribution of catalase in rat brain: aminergic neurons as possible targets for ethanol effects. Alcohol Alcohol. 1996, 31:167-174.
345. Zimatkin S.M., Liopo A.V., Deitrich R.A. Distribution and kinetics of ethanol metabolism in rat brain. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 1998, 22:1623-1627.
346. Zimatkin S.M., Liopo A.V., Satanovskaya V.I., Bardina And L.R., Deitrich R.A. Relationship of brain ethanol metabolism to the hypnotic effect of ethanol. II: Studies in selectively bred rats and mice. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2001, 25:982-988.
347. Zimatkin S.M., Pronko S.P., Vasiliou V., Gonzalez F.J., Deitrich R.A. Enzymatic mechanisms of ethanol oxidation in the brain. Alcohol Clin. Exp. Res. 2006, 30:1500-1505.
348. Zuo G.C., Yang J.Y., Hao Y., Dong Y.X., Wu C.F. Ethanol and acetaldehyde induce similar changes in extracellular levels of glutamate, taurine and GABA in rat anterior cingulate cortex. Toxicol. Lett. 2007, 169:253-258.